TY - THES A1 - Hagen, Anne Julia T1 - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and cross-cultural competence T1 - Die Nordatlantische Vertragsorganisation und Cross-Cultural Kompetenz BT - A wolf in sheep's clothing? Cross-cultural competence in NATO and its missions BT - Ein Wolf im Schafspelz? Cross-Cultural Kompetenz in der NATO und ihren Missionen N2 - This paper examines the function that cross-cultural competence (3C) has for NATO in a military context while focusing on two member states and their armed forces: the United States and Germany. Three dimensions were established to analyze 3C internally and externally: dimension A, dealing with 3C within the military organization; dimension B, focusing on 3C in a coalition environment/multicultural NATO contingent, for example while on a mission/training exercise abroad; and dimension C, covering 3C and NATO missions abroad with regard to interaction with the local population. When developing the research design, the cultural studies-based theory of hegemony constructed by Antonio Gramsci was applied to a comprehensive document analysis of 3C coursework and regulations as well as official documents in order to establish a typification for cross-cultural competence. As the result, 3C could be categorized as Type I – Ethical 3C, Type II – Hegemonic 3C, and Type III – Dominant 3C. Attributes were assigned according to each type. To validate the established typification, qualitative surveys were conducted with NATO (ACT), the U.S. Armed Forces (USCENTCOM), and the German Armed Forces (BMVg). These interviews validated the typification and revealed a varied approach to 3C in the established dimensions. It became evident that dimensions A and B indicated a prevalence of Type III, which greatly impacts the work atmosphere and effectiveness for NATO (ACT). In contrast, dimension C revealed the use of postcolonial mechanisms by NATO forces, such as applying one’s value systems to other cultures and having the appearance of an occupying force when 3C is not applied (Type I-II). In general, the function of each 3C type in the various dimensions could be determined. In addition, a comparative study of the document analysis and the qualitative surveys resulted in a canon for culture-general skills. Regarding the determined lack of coherence in 3C correlating with a demonstrably negative impact on effectiveness and efficiency as well as interoperability, a NATO standard in the form of a standardization agreement (STANAG) was suggested based on the aforementioned findings, with a focus on: empathy, cross-cultural awareness, communication skills (including active listening), flexibility and adaptability, and interest. Moreover, tolerance of ambiguity and teachability, patience, observation skills, and perspective-taking could be considered significant. Suspending judgment and respect are also relevant skills here. At the same time, the document analysis also revealed a lack of coherency and consistency in 3C education and interorganizational alignment. In particular, the documents examined for the U.S. Forces indicated divergent approaches. Furthermore, the interview analysis disclosed a large discrepancy in part between doctrine and actual implementation with regard to the NATO Forces. N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Funktion von Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) in der NATO in einem militärischen Kontext, wobei der Fokus auf zwei Mitgliedsstaaten und den jeweiligen Streitkräften liegt: Den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Drei Dimensionen wurden definiert, um 3C intern und extern zu analysieren: Dimension A – 3C innerhalb der militärischen Organisation, Dimension B – 3C in multikulturellen NATO-Kontingenten während einer Übung oder Mission und auf Koalitionsebene sowie Dimension C – 3C in Umgang und Interaktion mit der lokalen Bevölkerung eines Einsatzlandes. Bei der Konzipierung des Forschungsdesigns wurde die kulturwissenschaftliche Theorie der Hegemonie von Antonio Gramsci herangezogen und auf eine umfangreiche Dokumentenanalyse von 3C Unterrichtsmaterialien, Dienstvorschriften sowie anderen offiziellen Dokumenten angewendet, mit dem Ziel eine Typisierung für 3C abzuleiten. Daraus ließ sich Cross-Cultural Competence in ein dreiteiliges Konstrukt mit seinen jeweiligen Typen gliedern: Typ I – Ethisch, Typ II – Hegemonial und Typ III – Dominant. Ersterer wird hierbei als Teil der sozialen Kompetenz verstanden, während Typ II und III als militärisches Instrument definiert werden. Diesen Typen wurden entsprechende Attribute zugeordnet. Um die Typisierung zu validieren, wurden qualitative Studien mit militärischem Personal der NATO (ACT), den U.S. Streitkräften (USCENTCOM) und der Bundeswehr (BMVg) durchgeführt. Die Interviews bestätigten die deduzierte Typisierung und enthüllten ein variierendes Verständnis sowie eine variierende Anwendung von 3C in den festgelegten Dimensionen. Hierbei wurde eine Prävalenz von Typ III in Dimension A und B deutlich, die sich auf die Arbeitsatmosphäre und Effektivität in der NATO (ACT) auswirkt. Im Gegensatz hierzu konnte in Dimension C die Anwendung von postkolonialen Mechanismen von NATO Streitkräften konstatiert werden, wie die Anwendung des eigenen Wertesystems auf „andere“ Kulturen und das Auftreten einer Okkupationsmacht, wenn 3C Typ I-II nicht angewendet wird. Letztlich konnte die Funktion jedes 3C Typen in den jeweiligen Dimensionen bestimmt werden. Darüber hinaus wurde mittels des komparativen Vergleichs der Dokumentenanalyse und der qualitativen Studie ein Kanon für Kultur-allgemeine Fähigkeiten generiert. Bezüglich der festzustellenden mangelnden Kohärenz in 3C Verständnis und Anwendung, die mit der demonstrativ negativen Auswirkung auf Effektivität, Effizienz und Interoperabilität korreliert, wurde ein NATO Standard in Form eines Standardization Agreements (STANAG) vorgeschlagen, der auf den zuvor genannten Ergebnissen basiert und sich aus folgenden Kultur-allgemeinen Fähigkeiten zusammensetzt: Empathie, Cross-Cultural Bewusstsein, Kommunikationsfähigkeiten, ebenso wie aktives Zuhören, Flexibilität, Anpassungsfähigkeit und Interesse. Des Weiteren wurden Toleranz, Lernfähigkeit/Bereitschaft, Geduld, Observierungsfähigkeiten und Perspektivenwechsel als signifikant herausgestellt, ebenso wie das Zurückhalten und die Reflexion von Vorurteilen, und Respekt. Im gleichen Zuge konnte die Dokumentenanalyse die Inkongruenz in 3C Ausbildung und interorganisationeller Übereinstimmung hervorheben. Insbesondere die Dokumente der U.S. Streitkräfte wiesen divergierende Ansätze auf. Schließlich zeigte die Interviewanalyse eine Diskrepanz zwischen Doktrin und tatsächlicher Implementierung von 3C für die NATO Streitkräfte auf. KW - cross-cultural competence KW - interkulturelle Kompetenz KW - culture-general skills KW - leadership KW - hegemony KW - 3C KW - function of cross-cultural competence KW - standardization (STANAG) KW - interoperability KW - Bundeswehr KW - U.S. Armed Forces KW - NATO KW - qualitative research KW - multinational oganizations KW - intercultural communication Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-534463 SN - 978-3-86956-527-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwingshackl, Lukas A1 - Ruzanska, Ulrike Alexandra A1 - Anton, Verena A1 - Wallroth, Raphael A1 - Ohla, Kathrin A1 - Knueppel, Sven A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Pischon, Tobias A1 - Deutschbein, Johannes A1 - Schenk, Liane A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Harttig, Ulrich A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Bergmann, Manuela M. T1 - The NutriAct Family Study: a web-based prospective study on the epidemiological, psychological and sociological basis of food choice JF - BMC public health N2 - Background: Most studies on food choice have been focussing on the individual level but familial aspects may also play an important role. This paper reports of a novel study that will focus on the familial aspects of the formation of food choice among men and women aged 50-70 years by recruiting spouses and siblings (NutriAct Family Study; NFS). Discussion: Until August 4th 2017, 4783 EPIC-Participants were contacted by mail of which 446 persons recruited 2 to 5 family members (including themselves) resulting in 1032 participants, of whom 82% had started answering or already completed the questionnaires. Of the 4337 remaining EPIC-participants who had been contacted, 1040 (24%) did not respond at all, and 3297 (76%) responded but declined, in 51% of the cases because of the request to recruit at least 2 family members in the respective age range. The developed recruitment procedures and web-based methods of data collection are capable to generate the required study population including the data on individual and inter-personal determinants which will be linkable to food choice. The information on familial links among the study participants will show the role of familial traits in midlife for the adoption of food choices supporting healthy aging. KW - NutriAct family study KW - Study protocol KW - Food choice KW - Determinants Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5814-x SN - 1471-2458 VL - 18 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellermann, Patric A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Haubrock, Sören-Nils A1 - Kreibich, Heidi T1 - The object-specific flood damage database HOWAS 21 JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences N2 - The Flood Damage Database HOWAS 21 contains object-specific flood damage data resulting from fluvial, pluvial and groundwater flooding. The datasets incorporate various variables of flood hazard, exposure, vulnerability and direct tangible damage at properties from several economic sectors. The main purpose of development of HOWAS 21 was to support forensic flood analysis and the derivation of flood damage models. HOWAS 21 was first developed for Germany and currently almost exclusively contains datasets from Germany. However, its scope has recently been enlarged with the aim to serve as an international flood damage database; e.g. its web application is now available in German and English. This paper presents the recent advancements of HOWAS 21 and highlights exemplary analyses to demonstrate the use of HOWAS 21 flood damage data. The data applications indicate a large potential of the database for fostering a better understanding and estimation of the consequences of flooding. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2503-2020 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 20 IS - 9 SP - 2503 EP - 2519 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tardif-Becquet, Delphine A1 - Fluteau, Frédéric A1 - Donnadieu, Yannick A1 - Le Hir, Guillaume A1 - Ladant, Jean-Baptiste A1 - Sepulchre, Pierre A1 - Licht, Alexis A1 - Poblete, Fernando A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume T1 - The origin of Asian monsoons BT - a modelling perspective JF - Climate of the Past N2 - The Cenozoic inception and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in Asia during the Eocene have been proposed in the few last decades. These include (a) the existence of modern-like monsoons since the early Eocene; (b) that of a weak South Asian monsoon (SAM) and little to no East Asian monsoon (EAM); or (c) a prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations, also referred to as Indonesian-Australian monsoon (I-AM). As SAM and EAM are supposed to have been triggered or enhanced primarily by Asian palaeogeographic changes, their possible inception in the very dynamic Eocene palaeogeographic context remains an open question, both in the modelling and field-based communities. We investigate here Eocene Asian climate conditions using the IPSL-CM5A2 (Sepulchre et al., 2019) earth system model and revised palaeogeographies. Our Eocene climate simulation yields atmospheric circulation patterns in Asia substantially different from modern conditions. A large high-pressure area is simulated over the Tethys ocean, which generates intense low tropospheric winds blowing southward along the western flank of the proto-Himalayan-Tibetan plateau (HTP) system. This low-level wind system blocks, to latitudes lower than 10 degrees N, the migration of humid and warm air masses coming from the Indian Ocean. This strongly contrasts with the modern SAM, during which equatorial air masses reach a latitude of 20-25 degrees N over India and southeastern China. Another specific feature of our Eocene simulation is the widespread subsidence taking place over northern India in the midtroposphere (around 5000 m), preventing deep convective updraught that would transport water vapour up to the condensation level. Both processes lead to the onset of a broad arid region located over northern India and over the HTP. More humid regions of high seasonality in precipitation encircle this arid area, due to the prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations (or Indonesian-Australian monsoon, I-AM) rather than monsoons. Although the existence of this central arid region may partly result from the specifics of our simulation (model dependence and palaeogeographic uncertainties) and has yet to be confirmed by proxy records, most of the observational evidence for Eocene monsoons are located in the highly seasonal transition zone between the arid area and the more humid surroundings. We thus suggest that a zonal arid climate prevailed over Asia before the initiation of monsoons that most likely occurred following Eocene palaeogeographic changes. Our results also show that precipitation seasonality should be used with caution to infer the presence of a monsoonal circulation and that the collection of new data in this arid area is of paramount importance to allow the debate to move forward. KW - earth system model KW - early eocene KW - tibetan plateau KW - climate-change KW - oligocene climate KW - summer monsoon KW - global monsoon KW - ice sheet KW - part 1 KW - China Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-847-2020 SN - 1814-9332 SN - 1814-9324 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 847 EP - 865 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baritello, Omar A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Sündermann, Simon A1 - Niebauer, Josef A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.50–33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95% CI 1.80–5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95% CI 2.71–86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95% CI 1.55–4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text KW - frailty tool KW - TAVI KW - older patients KW - elderly KW - cardiology KW - mortality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194506 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jursenas, Rytis T1 - The peak model for finite rank supersingular perturbations JF - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics KW - random point processes KW - statistical mechanics KW - stochastic analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472090 IS - 6 SP - 117 EP - 126 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Muehlbauer, Thomas A1 - Göstemeyer, Gerd A1 - Gruber, Stefanie A1 - Gruber, Markus T1 - The performance of balance exercises during daily tooth brushing is not sufficient to improve balance and muscle strength in healthy older adults JF - BMC Geriatrics N2 - Background High prevalence rates have been reported for physical inactivity, mobility limitations, and falls in older adults. Home-based exercise might be an adequate means to increase physical activity by improving health- (i.e., muscle strength) and skill-related components of physical fitness (i.e., balance), particularly in times of restricted physical activity due to pandemics. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of home-based balance exercises conducted during daily tooth brushing on measures of balance and muscle strength in healthy older adults. Methods Fifty-one older adults were randomly assigned to a balance exercise group (n = 27; age: 65.1 ± 1.1 years) or a passive control group (n = 24; age: 66.2 ± 3.3 years). The intervention group conducted balance exercises over a period of eight weeks twice daily for three minutes each during their daily tooth brushing routine. Pre- and post-intervention, tests were included for the assessment of static steady-state balance (i.e., Romberg test), dynamic steady-state balance (i.e., 10-m single and dual-task walk test using a cognitive and motor interference task), proactive balance (i.e., Timed-Up-and-Go Test [TUG], Functional-Reach-Test [FRT]), and muscle strength (i.e., Chair-Rise-Test [CRT]). Results Irrespective of group, the statistical analysis revealed significant main effects for time (pre vs. post) for dual-task gait speed (p < .001, 1.12 ≤ d ≤ 2.65), TUG (p < .001, d = 1.17), FRT (p = .002, d = 0.92), and CRT (p = .002, d = 0.94) but not for single-task gait speed and for the Romberg-Test. No significant group × time interactions were found for any of the investigated variables. Conclusions The applied lifestyle balance training program conducted twice daily during tooth brushing routines appears not to be sufficient in terms of exercise dosage and difficulty level to enhance balance and muscle strength in healthy adults aged 60–72 years. Consequently, structured balance training programs using higher exercise dosages and/or more difficult balance tasks are recommended for older adults to improve balance and muscle strength. KW - Balance KW - Daily life KW - Exercise KW - Healthy aging KW - Mobility Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02206-w SN - 1471-2318 VL - 21 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strong, Anise K. ED - Potter, Amanda ED - Gardner, Hunter H. T1 - The Persistence of Memory BT - Forgiveness, Forgetting, and Cultural Assimilation JF - thersites 17 N2 - The 2017 Pixar film Coco and the 2021 Disney film Encanto form a small part of an increasing modern wave of media focused on parent-child conflicts caused by intergenerational trauma and rejection. Other recent works in this genre include the video game Hades, the films Turning Red and Everything Everywhere All At Once, and the television series Ms. Marvel. The traumas in all these films, some directed explicitly at a younger audience and some pitched more broadly, serve as a distinct set of meditations on the immigrant experience, even while not necessarily focusing on literal immigration. They also all invoke imagery of ghosts and death, both echoing specific classical Mediterranean motifs and tropes and incorporating a wide variety of other cultures’ supernatural traditions. These works’ concern with familial traumas of separation, culture shock, and loss of ancestral memories and connections contrasts sharply with the individual-focused myth of the American Dream common to earlier generations of American media, in which a lone individual typically emigrates, assimilates, and succeeds in a new culture, forming a new family and set of myths. However, themes of assimilation and questions of cultural imperialism also form a bridge between ancient Roman and modern North American anxieties and traditions. KW - Classical Reception KW - Coco KW - Immigration KW - Ancestors KW - Underworld Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol17.255 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2023 IS - 17 SP - 125 EP - 142 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Franz, Alexandra A1 - Toebbens, Daniel M. A1 - Levcenco, Sergej A1 - Unold, Thomas A1 - Taubert, Andreas A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - The phase diagram of a mixed halide (Br, I) hybrid perovskite obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction JF - RSC Advances N2 - By using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, the temperature dependent phase diagram of the hybrid perovskite tri-halide compounds, methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3, MA+ = CH3NH3+) and methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), as well as of their solid solutions, has been established. The existence of a large miscibility gap between 0.29 ≤ x ≤ 0.92 (±0.02) for the MAPb(I1−xBrx)3 solid solution has been proven. A systematic study of the lattice parameters for the solid solution series at room temperature revealed distinct deviations from Vegard's law. Furthermore, temperature dependent measurements showed that a strong temperature dependency of lattice parameters from the composition is present for iodine rich compositions. In contrast, the bromine rich compositions show an unusually low dependency of the phase transition temperature from the degree of substitution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09398a SN - 2046-2069 VL - 9 IS - 20 SP - 11151 EP - 11159 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Große-Bölting, Gregor A1 - Scheppach, Lukas A1 - Mühling, Andreas T1 - The Place of Ethics in Computer Science Education JF - Hochschuldidaktik Informatik HDI 2021 (Commentarii informaticae didacticae) N2 - Ethical issues surrounding modern computing technologies play an increasingly important role in the public debate. Yet, ethics still either doesn’t appear at all or only to a very small extent in computer science degree programs. This paper provides an argument for the value of ethics beyond a pure responsibility perspective and describes the positive value of ethical debate for future computer scientists. It also provides a systematic analysis of the module handbooks of 67 German universities and shows that there is indeed a lack of ethics in computer science education. Finally, we present a principled design of a compulsory course for undergraduate students. KW - Ethics KW - Diversity KW - Social impact KW - Bachelor KW - Curriculum analysis KW - Course development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615982 SN - 978-3-86956-548-4 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 13 SP - 173 EP - 187 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -