TY - JOUR A1 - Weisshuhn, Peter A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Stachow, Ulrich A1 - Wiggering, Hubert T1 - Supporting Agricultural Ecosystem Services through the Integration of Perennial Polycultures into Crop Rotations JF - Sustainability N2 - This review analyzes the potential role and long-term effects of field perennial polycultures (mixtures) in agricultural systems, with the aim of reducing the trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. First, crop rotations are identified as a suitable tool for the assessment of the long-term effects of perennial polycultures on ecosystem services, which are not visible at the single-crop level. Second, the ability of perennial polycultures to support ecosystem services when used in crop rotations is quantified through eight agricultural ecosystem services. Legume-grass mixtures and wildflower mixtures are used as examples of perennial polycultures, and compared with silage maize as a typical crop for biomass production. Perennial polycultures enhance soil fertility, soil protection, climate regulation, pollination, pest and weed control, and landscape aesthetics compared with maize. They also score lower for biomass production compared with maize, which confirms the trade-off between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. However, the additional positive factors provided by perennial polycultures, such as reduced costs for mineral fertilizer, pesticides, and soil tillage, and a significant preceding crop effect that increases the yields of subsequent crops, should be taken into account. However, a full assessment of agricultural ecosystem services requires a more holistic analysis that is beyond the capabilities of current frameworks. KW - agroecosystem KW - assessment KW - legume-grass mixture KW - wildflower mixture KW - perennial crop KW - mixed cropping Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122267 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leitner, Ulrike T1 - Sobre ríos y canales BT - aspectos geográficos y cartográficos en el legado de Humboldt JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Anhand von unpublizierten Beispielen aus dem Nachlass Humboldts soll ein wichtiger Aspekt seiner Reise vorgestellt werden: Nach seinen Messungen, berechnete er die Ergebnisse mit mathematischen Methoden, zeichnete Karten und verglich diese mit denen seiner Vorgänger. Später publizierte er Karten von hoher Qualität und gab zur Vervollständigung anderen Reisenden Ratschläge, um in Regionen zu messen, die er nicht selbst besucht hatte. Humboldts Nachlass widerspiegelt die Informationen von Reisenden, Händlern und Wissenschaftlern, die Humboldt benutzte. Mit der Unabhängigkeit wuchs das Interesse der lateinamerikanischen Länder an einem Austausch mit Europa. Mit dem Kolumbianer Joaquín Acosta entwickelte sich ein gegenseitiger Austausch z. B. über die Region Chocó, die für den Bergbau von Gold und Platin, sowie für die interozeanische Verbindung von großem Interesse war. N2 - Con ejemplos inéditos del legado de Humboldt, este artículo presenta un importante aspecto de su viaje: Humboldt realizó mediciones, calculó sus resultados con métodos matemáticos, dibujó mapas y contrastó sus datos con los de sus antecesores. Luego, publicó mapas de alta calidad, y dio consejos a otros viajeros para que al recorrer regiones que él no pudo visitar, pudieran completarse sus propios mapas. En el legado de Humboldt se refleja el provecho que el viajero tomó de mapas y datos de otros viajeros, comerciantes y científicos. Los países latinoamericanos recién independizados mostraron un creciente interés en realizar un intercambio con Europa. Con el colombiano Joaquín Acosta, Humboldt inició una relación de ayuda mutua, esp. sobre la región de Chocó, que era de gran interés por la minería del platino y oro y por la comunicación interoceánica. N2 - With unpublished manuscripts of Humboldt’s legacy the following illustrates an important aspect of his travels: he used mathematical methods to calculate his results from the measurements drew maps and compared with those of his predecessors. Later he published high quality maps and also advised others how to survey in regions that he had not visited himself, to improve his own maps. Humboldt used maps and data from other travelers, merchants and scientists that are reflected in his legacy. Independence had kindled the interest of Latin American countries in scientific and economic collaboration with Europe. With the young Colombian Joaquín Acosta began an interrelationship mutual about the Choco region, which was of great interest concerning mining of gold and platinum and for the interoceanic connection. KW - Humboldt KW - Kartographie KW - Bergbau KW - Flüsse KW - Bifurkation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395769 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 29 EP - 57 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wurzbacher, Christian A1 - Fuchs, Andrea A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Frindte, Katharina A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Hupfer, Michael A1 - Casper, Peter A1 - Monaghan, Michael T. T1 - Shifts among Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea define the vertical organization of a lake sediment JF - Microbiome N2 - Background: Lake sediments harbor diverse microbial communities that cycle carbon and nutrients while being constantly colonized and potentially buried by organic matter sinking from the water column. The interaction of activity and burial remained largely unexplored in aquatic sediments. We aimed to relate taxonomic composition to sediment biogeochemical parameters, test whether community turnover with depth resulted from taxonomic replacement or from richness effects, and to provide a basic model for the vertical community structure in sediments. Methods: We analyzed four replicate sediment cores taken from 30-m depth in oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin in northern Germany. Each 30-cm core spanned ca. 170 years of sediment accumulation according to Cs-137 dating and was sectioned into layers 1-4 cm thick. We examined a full suite of biogeochemical parameters and used DNA metabarcoding to examine community composition of microbial Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Results: Community beta-diversity indicated nearly complete turnover within the uppermost 30 cm. We observed a pronounced shift from Eukaryota- and Bacteria-dominated upper layers (<5 cm) to Bacteria-dominated intermediate layers (5-14 cm) and to deep layers (>14 cm) dominated by enigmatic Archaea that typically occur in deep-sea sediments. Taxonomic replacement was the prevalent mechanism in structuring the community composition and was linked to parameters indicative of microbial activity (e.g., CO2 and CH4 concentration, bacterial protein production). Richness loss played a lesser role but was linked to conservative parameters (e.g., C, N, P) indicative of past conditions. Conclusions: By including all three domains, we were able to directly link the exponential decay of eukaryotes with the active sediment microbial community. The dominance of Archaea in deeper layers confirms earlier findings from marine systems and establishes freshwater sediments as a potential low-energy environment, similar to deep sea sediments. We propose a general model of sediment structure and function based on microbial characteristics and burial processes. An upper "replacement horizon" is dominated by rapid taxonomic turnover with depth, high microbial activity, and biotic interactions. A lower "depauperate horizon" is characterized by low taxonomic richness, more stable "low-energy" conditions, and a dominance of enigmatic Archaea. KW - Archaea KW - Eukaryota KW - Bacteria KW - Community KW - Freshwater KW - Lake KW - DNA metabarcoding KW - Beta-diversity KW - Sediment KW - Turnover Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0255-9 SN - 2049-2618 VL - 5 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mahata, Khadak Singh A1 - Panday, Arnico Kumar A1 - Rupakheti, Maheswar A1 - Singh, Ashish A1 - Naja, Manish A1 - Lawrence, Mark T1 - Seasonal and diurnal variations in methane and carbon dioxide in the Kathmandu Valley in the foothills of the central Himalayas JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - The SusKat-ABC (Sustainable Atmosphere for the Kathmandu Valley-Atmospheric Brown Clouds) international air pollution measurement campaign was carried out from December 2012 to June 2013 in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal. The Kathmandu Valley is a bowl-shaped basin with a severe air pollution problem. This paper reports measurements of two major greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with the pollutant CO, that began during the campaign and were extended for 1 year at the SusKat-ABC supersite in Bode, a semi-urban location in the Kathmandu Valley. Simultaneous measurements were also made during 2015 in Bode and a nearby rural site (Chanban) similar to 25 km (aerial distance) to the southwest of Bode on the other side of a tall ridge. The ambient mixing ratios of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (G2401; Picarro, USA) along with meteorological parameters for 1 year (March 2013-March 2014). These measurements are the first of their kind in the central Himalayan foothills. At Bode, the annual average mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 were 419.3 (+/- 6.0) ppm and 2.192 (+/- 0.066) ppm, respectively. These values are higher than the levels observed at background sites such as Mauna Loa, USA (CO2: 396.8 +/- 2.0 ppm, CH4: 1.831 +/- 0.110 ppm) and Waliguan, China (CO2: 397.7 +/- 3.6 ppm, CH4: 1.879 +/- 0.009 ppm) during the same period and at other urban and semi-urban sites in the region, such as Ahmedabad and Shadnagar (India). They varied slightly across the seasons at Bode, with seasonal average CH4 mixing ratios of 2.157 (+/- 0.230) ppm in the pre-monsoon season, 2.199 (+/- 0.241) ppm in the monsoon, 2.210 (+/- 0.200) ppm in the post-monsoon, and 2.214 (+/- 0.209) ppm in the winter season. The average CO2 mixing ratios were 426.2 (+/- 25.5) ppm in the pre-monsoon, 413.5 (+/- 24.2) ppm in the monsoon, 417.3 (+/- 23.1) ppm in the postmonsoon, and 421.9 (+/- 20.3) ppm in the winter season. The maximum seasonal mean mixing ratio of CH4 in winter was only 0.057 ppm or 2.6% higher than the seasonal minimum during the pre-monsoon period, while CO2 was 12.8 ppm or 3.1% higher during the pre-monsoon period (seasonal maximum) than during the monsoon (seasonal minimum). On the other hand, the CO mixing ratio at Bode was 191% higher during the winter than during the monsoon season. The enhancement in CO2 mixing ratios during the pre-monsoon season is associated with additional CO2 emissions from forest fires and agro-residue burning in northern South Asia in addition to local emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. Published CO = CO2 ratios of different emission sources in Nepal and India were compared with the observed CO = CO2 ratios in this study. This comparison suggested that the major sources in the Kathmandu Valley were residential cooking and vehicle exhaust in all seasons except winter. In winter, brick kiln emissions were a major source. Simultaneous measurements in Bode and Chanban (15 July-3 October 2015) revealed that the mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, and CO were 3.8, 12, and 64% higher in Bode than Chanban. The Kathmandu Valley thus has significant emissions from local sources, which can also be attributed to its bowl-shaped geography that is conducive to pollution build-up. At Bode, all three gas species (CO2, CH4, and CO) showed strong diurnal patterns in their mixing ratios with a pronounced morning peak (ca. 08:00), a dip in the afternoon, and a gradual increase again through the night until the next morning. CH4 and CO at Chanban, however, did not show any noticeable diurnal variations. These measurements provide the first insights into the diurnal and seasonal variation in key greenhouse gases and air pollutants and their local and regional sources, which is important information for atmospheric research in the region. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12573-2017 SN - 1680-7316 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 17 IS - 20 SP - 12573 EP - 12596 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehmann, Lisa A1 - Zoller, Michael A1 - Minichmayr, Iris K. A1 - Scharf, Christina A1 - Maier, Barbara A1 - Schmitt, Maximilian V. A1 - Hartung, Niklas A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm A1 - Vogeser, Michael A1 - Frey, Lorenz A1 - Zander, Johannes A1 - Kloft, Charlotte T1 - Role of renal function in risk assessment of target non-attainment after standard dosing of meropenem in critically ill patients BT - a prospective observational study JF - Critical care N2 - Background: Severe bacterial infections remain a major challenge in intensive care units because of their high prevalence and mortality. Adequate antibiotic exposure has been associated with clinical success in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the target attainment of standard meropenem dosing in a heterogeneous critically ill population, to quantify the impact of the full renal function spectrum on meropenem exposure and target attainment, and ultimately to translate the findings into a tool for practical application. Methods: A prospective observational single-centre study was performed with critically ill patients with severe infections receiving standard dosing of meropenem. Serial blood samples were drawn over 4 study days to determine meropenem serum concentrations. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance according to the Cockcroft and Gault equation (CLCRCG). Variability in meropenem serum concentrations was quantified at the middle and end of each monitored dosing interval. The attainment of two pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets (100% T->MIC, 50% T->4xMIC) was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2 mg/L and 8 mg/L and standard meropenem dosing (1000 mg, 30-minute infusion, every 8 h). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of CLCRCG on meropenem concentrations and target attainment and developed a tool for risk assessment of target non-attainment. Results: Large inter-and intra-patient variability in meropenem concentrations was observed in the critically ill population (n = 48). Attainment of the target 100% T->MIC was merely 48.4% and 20.6%, given MIC values of 2 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively, and similar for the target 50% T->4xMIC. A hyperbolic relationship between CLCRCG (25-255 ml/minute) and meropenem serum concentrations at the end of the dosing interval (C-8h) was derived. For infections with pathogens of MIC 2 mg/L, mild renal impairment up to augmented renal function was identified as a risk factor for target non-attainment (for MIC 8 mg/L, additionally, moderate renal impairment). Conclusions: The investigated standard meropenem dosing regimen appeared to result in insufficient meropenem exposure in a considerable fraction of critically ill patients. An easy-and free-to-use tool (the MeroRisk Calculator) for assessing the risk of target non-attainment for a given renal function and MIC value was developed. KW - beta-Lactam KW - Intensive care KW - Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics KW - Target attainment KW - Renal function KW - Risk assessment tool KW - Continuous renal replacement therapy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1829-4 SN - 1466-609X SN - 1364-8535 VL - 21 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Jacob, Jens T1 - Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations BT - host and virus dynamics in Central Europe T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies. Results We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections. Conclusions Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 957 KW - Myodes glareolus KW - population dynamics KW - Puumala virus seroprevalence KW - space use KW - survival Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431232 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 957 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Jacob, Jens T1 - Puumala hantavirus infections in bank vole populations BT - host and virus dynamics in Central Europe JF - BMC ecology N2 - Background In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies. Results We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections. Conclusions Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk KW - Myodes glareolus KW - Population dynamics KW - Puumala virus seroprevalence KW - Space use KW - Survival Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-017-0118-z SN - 1472-6785 VL - 17 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Surminski, Swenja A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Promoting flood risk reduction BT - the role of insurance in Germany and England JF - Earth's Future N2 - Improving society's ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from flooding requires integrated, anticipatory flood risk management (FRM). However, most countries still focus their efforts on responding to flooding events if and when they occur rather than addressing their current and future vulnerability to flooding. Flood insurance is one mechanism that could promote a more ex ante approach to risk by supporting risk reduction activities. This paper uses an adapted version of Easton's System Theory to investigate the role of insurance for FRM in Germany and England. We introduce an anticipatory FRM framework, which allows flood insurance to be considered as part of a broader policy field. We analyze if and how flood insurance can catalyze a change toward a more anticipatory approach to FRM. In particular we consider insurance's role in influencing five key components of anticipatory FRM: risk knowledge, prevention through better planning, property‐level protection measures, structural protection and preparedness (for response). We find that in both countries FRM is still a reactive, event‐driven process, while anticipatory FRM remains underdeveloped. Collaboration between insurers and FRM decision‐makers has already been successful, for example in improving risk knowledge and awareness, while in other areas insurance acts as a disincentive for more risk reduction action. In both countries there is evidence that insurance can play a significant role in encouraging anticipatory FRM, but this remains underutilized. Effective collaboration between insurers and government should not be seen as a cost, but as an investment to secure future insurability through flood resilience. KW - flooding KW - insurance KW - governance KW - risk reduction Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000587 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 5 SP - 979 EP - 1001 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Holzmeier, Fabian A1 - Wagner, Isabella A1 - Berrah, Nora A1 - Bostedt, Christoph A1 - Bozek, John A1 - Bucksbaum, Phil A1 - Coffee, Ryan A1 - Cryan, James A1 - Farrell, Joe A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Martinez, Todd J. A1 - McFarland, Brian A1 - Mucke, Melanie A1 - Nandi, Saikat A1 - Tarantelli, Francesco A1 - Fischer, Ingo A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra JF - Applied sciences N2 - Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymines neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes. KW - ultrafast dynamics KW - Auger electron spectroscopy KW - photofragmentation KW - photochemistry Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070681 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 7 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Verena A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Penone, Caterina A1 - Schäfer, Deborah A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Niinemets, Ülo A1 - Penuelas, Josep A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Kleinebecker, Till T1 - Nutrient stoichiometry and land use rather than species richness determine plant functional diversity JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Plant functional traits reflect individual and community ecological strategies. They allow the detection of directional changes in community dynamics and ecosystemic processes, being an additional tool to assess biodiversity than species richness. Analysis of functional patterns in plant communities provides mechanistic insight into biodiversity alterations due to anthropogenic activity. Although studies have consi-dered of either anthropogenic management or nutrient availability on functional traits in temperate grasslands, studies combining effects of both drivers are scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of management intensity (fertilization, mowing, grazing), nutrient stoichiometry (C, N, P, K), and vegetation composition on community-weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (Rao's Q) from seven plant traits in 150 grasslands in three regions in Germany, using data of 6 years. Land use and nutrient stoichiometry accounted for larger proportions of model variance of CWM and Rao's Q than species richness and productivity. Grazing affected all analyzed trait groups; fertilization and mowing only impacted generative traits. Grazing was clearly associated with nutrient retention strategies, that is, investing in durable structures and production of fewer, less variable seed. Phenological variability was increased. Fertilization and mowing decreased seed number/mass variability, indicating competition-related effects. Impacts of nutrient stoichiometry on trait syndromes varied. Nutrient limitation (large N:P, C:N ratios) promoted species with conservative strategies, that is, investment in durable plant structures rather than fast growth, fewer seed, and delayed flowering onset. In contrast to seed mass, leaf-economics variability was reduced under P shortage. Species diversity was positively associated with the variability of generative traits. Synthesis. Here, land use, nutrient availability, species richness, and plant functional strategies have been shown to interact complexly, driving community composition, and vegetation responses to management intensity. We suggest that deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly and biodiversity will require analyzing all these parameters. KW - biodiversity exploratories KW - fertilization KW - leaf economics KW - mowing KW - nutrient availability KW - nutrient ratios KW - phosphorus KW - plant functional traits KW - plant strategies KW - seed mass Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3609 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 601 EP - 616 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernacchioni, Caterina A1 - Ghini, Veronica A1 - Cencetti, Francesca A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Donati, Chiara A1 - Bruni, Paola A1 - Turano, Paola T1 - NMR metabolomics highlights sphingosine kinase-1 as a new molecular switch in the orchestration of aberrant metabolic phenotype in cancer cells JF - Molecular oncology / Federation of European Biochemical Societies N2 - Strong experimental evidence in animal and cellular models supports a pivotal role of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) in oncogenesis. In many human cancers, SK1 levels are upregulated and these increases are linked to poor prognosis in patients. Here, by employing untargeted NMR- based metabolomic profiling combined with functional validations, we report the crucial role of SK1 in the metabolic shift known as the Warburg effect in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Indeed, expression of SK1 induced a high glycolytic rate, characterized by increased levels of lactate along with increased expression of the proton/monocarboxylate symporter MCT1, and decreased oxidative metabolism, associated with the accumulation of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduction in CO2 production. Additionally, SK1-expressing cells displayed a significant increase in glucose uptake paralleled by GLUT3 transporter upregulation. The role of SK1 is not limited to the induction of aerobic glycolysis, affecting metabolic pathways that appear to support the biosynthesis of macromolecules. These findings highlight the role of SK1 signaling axis in cancer metabolic reprogramming, pointing out innovative strategies for cancer therapies. KW - NMR-based metabolomics KW - ovarian cancer KW - sphingosine kinase-1 KW - Warburg effect Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.12048 SN - 1878-0261 VL - 11 SP - 517 EP - 533 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Endesfelder, Stefanie A1 - Weichelt, Ulrike A1 - Strauß, Evelyn A1 - Schlör, Anja A1 - Sifringer, Marco A1 - Scheuer, Till A1 - Bührer, Christoph A1 - Schmitz, Thomas T1 - Neuroprotection by caffeine in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Sequelae of prematurity triggered by oxidative stress and free radical-mediated tissue damage have coined the term “oxygen radical disease of prematurity”. Caffeine, a potent free radical scavenger and adenosine receptor antagonist, reduces rates of brain damage in preterm infants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress markers, anti-oxidative response, inflammation, redox-sensitive transcription factors, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. The brain of a rat pups at postnatal Day 6 (P6) corresponds to that of a human fetal brain at 28–32 weeks gestation and the neonatal rat is an ideal model in which to investigate effects of oxidative stress and neuroprotection of caffeine on the developing brain. Six-day-old Wistar rats were pre-treated with caffeine and exposed to 80% oxygen for 24 and 48 h. Caffeine reduced oxidative stress marker (heme oxygenase-1, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)), promoted anti-oxidative response (superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 1, and sulfiredoxin 1), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated redox-sensitive transcription factor expression (Nrf2/Keap1, and NFκB), reduced pro-apoptotic effectors (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-3), and diminished extracellular matrix degeneration (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, and inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1/2). Our study affirms that caffeine is a pleiotropic neuroprotective drug in the developing brain due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. KW - anti-oxidative response KW - caffeine KW - hyperoxia KW - oxidative stress KW - preterm infants KW - developing brain Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010187 SN - 1422-0067 SN - 1661-6596 VL - 18 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Ingo T1 - Nachtrag zu HiN XVII, 33 (2016) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies KW - Herneck KW - Nachtrag Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395824 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 166 EP - 167 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortiz-Amezcua, Pablo A1 - Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis A1 - Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria A1 - Benavent-Oltra, Jose Antonio A1 - Böckmann, Christine A1 - Samaras, Stefanos A1 - Stachlewska, Iwona Sylwia A1 - Janicka, Lucja A1 - Baars, Holger A1 - Bohlmann, Stephanie A1 - Alados-Arboledas, Lucas T1 - Microphysical characterization of long-range transported biomass burning particles from North America at three EARLINET stations JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics N2 - Strong events of long-range transported biomass burning aerosol were detected during July 2013 at three EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) stations, namely Granada (Spain), Leipzig (Germany) and Warsaw (Poland). Satellite observations from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) instruments, as well as modeling tools such as HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) and NAAPS (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System), have been used to estimate the sources and transport paths of those North American forest fire smoke particles. A multiwavelength Raman lidar technique was applied to obtain vertically resolved particle optical properties, and further inversion of those properties with a regularization algorithm allowed for retrieving microphysical information on the studied particles. The results highlight the presence of smoke layers of 1-2 km thickness, located at about 5 km a.s.l. altitude over Granada and Leipzig and around 2.5 km a.s.l. at Warsaw. These layers were intense, as they accounted for more than 30% of the total AOD (aerosol optical depth) in all cases, and presented optical and microphysical features typical for different aging degrees: color ratio of lidar ratios (LR532/LR355) around 2, alpha-related angstrom exponents of less than 1, effective radii of 0.3 mu m and large values of single scattering albedos (SSA), nearly spectrally independent. The intensive microphysical properties were compared with columnar retrievals form co-located AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations. The intensity of the layers was also characterized in terms of particle volume concentration, and then an experimental relationship between this magnitude and the particle extinction coefficient was established. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5931-2017 SN - 1680-7316 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 17 SP - 5931 EP - 5946 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Islam, Khan M. S. A1 - Khalil, Mahmoud Abd Elhamid A1 - Maenner, Klaus A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Zentek, Jürgen A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Lutein Specific Relationships among Some Spectrophotometric and Colorimetric Parameters of Chicken Egg Yolk JF - The journal of poultry science N2 - Lutein is an essential dietary carotenoid with health benefits and is inter alia responsible for the colouration of egg yolk. The relationship between lutein accumulation and egg yolk colouration was therefore studied in more detail. After feeding a low-luteine diet for 21 days, 14 birds (Lohmann brown hens aged 20 weeks) were fed a diet containing marigold (80 mg lutein/kg feed) and 14 other birds were fed a diet containing oleoresin (45 mg lutein/kg feed) for 21 days; for both groups of birds, this feeding period was followed by withdrawal for 21 days. The Roche Yolk Colour Fan (RYCF) score (0 to 15, where higher values denote greater colour intensity; R-2=0.87; P<0.01) and redness (R-2=0.89; P<0.01) increased with increasing lutein content of egg yolk. Total carotenoid content had a poor relationship with lightness (R-2=0.13; P>0.05) and yellowness (R-2=0.12; P>0.05) of the yolk. It may be concluded that increased lutein is potentially responsible for an increased RYCF score and redness (a*), but decreased yellowness (b*) and lightness (L*), of egg yolk. KW - carotenoid KW - HPLC KW - iCheck KW - lutein KW - spectrophotometry KW - yolk Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0160065 SN - 1346-7395 VL - 54 SP - 271 EP - 277 PB - Japan Poultry Science Association CY - Tsukuba ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gisder, Sebastian A1 - Schüler, Vivian A1 - Horchler, Lennart L. A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Genersch, Elke T1 - Long-Term Temporal Trends of Nosema spp. Infection Prevalence in Northeast Germany BT - Continuous Spread of Nosema ceranae, an Emerging Pathogen of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), but No General Replacement of Nosema apis JF - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology N2 - The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is widely used as commercial pollinator in worldwide agriculture and, therefore, plays an important role in global food security. Among the parasites and pathogens threatening health and survival of honey bees are two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is considered an emerging pathogen of the Western honey bee. Reports on the spread of N. ceranae suggested that this presumably highly virulent species is replacing its more benign congener N. apis in the global A. mellifera population. We here present a 12 year longitudinal cohort study on the prevalence of N. apis and N. ceranae in Northeast Germany. Between 2005 and 2016, a cohort of about 230 honey bee colonies originating from 23 apiaries was sampled twice a year (spring and autumn) resulting in a total of 5,600 bee samples which were subjected to microscopic and molecular analysis for determining the presence of infections with N. apis or/and N. ceranae. Throughout the entire study period, both N. apis- and N. ceranae-infections could be diagnosed within the cohort. Logistic regression analysis of the prevalence data demonstrated a significant increase of N. ceranae-infections over the last 12 years, both in autumn (reflecting the development during the summer) and in spring (reflecting the development over winter) samples. Cell culture experiments confirmed that N. ceranae has a higher proliferative potential than N. apis at 27. and 33 degrees C potentially explaining the increase in N. ceranae prevalence during summer. In autumn, characterized by generally low infection prevalence, this increase was accompanied by a significant decrease in N. apis- infection prevalence. In contrast, in spring, the season with a higher prevalence of infection, no significant decrease of N. apis infections despite a significant increase in N. ceranae infections could be observed. Therefore, our data do not support a general advantage of N. ceranae over N. apis and an overall replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae in the studied honey bee population. KW - honey bee KW - Apis mellifera KW - Nosema spp. KW - epidemiology KW - replacement Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00301 SN - 2235-2988 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Petra T1 - Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen: gefördert und frühvollendet BT - zwischen Poesie und totem Zoo JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Franz Ferdinand Julius Meyen (1804–1840) veröffentlichte auf sehr vielen Gebieten der Biologie wichtige Arbeiten, vor allem in Botanik und Zoologie. Mit Unterstützung Alexander von Humboldts gelang es ihm, auf dem Forschungsschiff „Prinzess Louise“ anzuheuern und als Schiffsarzt an einer mehrjährigen Weltreise teilzunehmen. Humboldt, der einige Regionen ebenfalls besucht und erforscht hatte, unterstützte seinen jungen Kollegen bei der Vorbereitung seiner Reise. Meyen veröffentlichte seine Reiseergebnisse bereits kurz nach seiner Rückkehr, gefördert von Christian Gottfried Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), sowohl als zweiteiligen historischen Reisebericht als auch in sieben Einzelabhandlungen. Einige Ergebnisse, die er, schwerkrank, nicht selbst verwerten konnte, übergab er noch bei Lebzeiten zur Bearbeitung an Spezialisten, andere wurden posthum von Mitgliedern der Leopoldina publiziert. Meyen brachte u. a. eine umfangreiche Sammlung an Vogelpräparaten mit, zu denen auch das Erstbeschreibungsexemplar des von ihm so genannten Spheniscus humboldti (Trivialname: Humboldt-Pinguin) gehört. N2 - Franz Ferdinand Julius Meyen (1804 –1840) publia des ouvrages majeurs dans plusieurs champs de biologie, notamment dans la botanique et la zoologie. Ses recherches ont été appréciées à l’époque même, l’admission à l’Académie Leopoldina en fait preuve. Grâce au soutien d’Alexander von Humboldt, Meyen parvint à prendre part au tour de tour de monde du bateau de recherche prussien « Prinzess Louise » en tant que médecin de bord. Ayant déjà exploré quelques-unes de ces régions lors de son voyage américain, Humboldt seconda Meyen dans la préparation de l’expédition. Meyen publia les résultats du voyage très peu de temps après son retour, avec le soutien de Gottfried Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858). Il rédigea non seulement une relation historique du voyage, mais encore sept mémoires à part. Déjà gravement malade, Meyen remit des résultats encore inédits aux spécialistes dans les champs respectifs, autres découvertes furent publiées par membres de la Leopoldina. Meyen rapporta notamment une collection d’oiseaux très riche en nombre de spécimens, dont l’exemplaire de la première description de Spheniscus humboldti (nom commun : Manchot de Humboldt). N2 - Franz Ferdinand Julius Meyen (1804–1840) has published important results in several fields of biology, especially botany and zoology. By support of Alexander von Humboldt Meyen got the chance to accompany the expedition on the vessel „Princess Louise“ as a medical doctor. Alexander von Humboldt, who had visited many years before some of the areas gave him assistance during the preparation for the journey. Meyen published his results shortly after his return in a so called „historical report” on his travel what was published in two parts as well as in special articles. Some of his results he handed over to specialists, some of it has been reported post mortem by members of the Academy Leopoldina. Meyen brought an impressive collection of prepared birds to Berlin, including the type specimen of Spheniscus humboldtii (so called Humboldt-penguin). KW - Brillenpinguin KW - Humboldt-Pinguin KW - Förderung KW - Guanaco KW - Kulturpflanzen KW - Leopoldina KW - Mumien von Ureinwohnern Perus KW - Namensgebung für Humboldt-Pinguin KW - Naturkundemuseum zu Berlin KW - Pflanzengeographie KW - Reisetagebücher KW - Stiftung Preußische Seehandlung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395819 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 147 EP - 164 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O. T1 - Feigning Democracy BT - Performing Representation in the UN-REDD Funded Nigeria-REDD Programme JF - Conservation & society N2 - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus the sustainable management of forest and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) is a global climate change mitigation initiative. The United Nations REDD Programme (UN-REDD) is training governments in developing countries, including Nigeria, to implement REDD+. To protect local people, UN-REDD has developed social safeguards including a commitment to strengthen local democracy to prevent an elite capture of REDD+ benefits. This study examines local participation and representation in the UN-REDD international policy board and in the national-level design process for the Nigeria-REDD proposal, to see if practices are congruent with the UN-REDD commitment to local democracy. It is based on research in Nigeria in 2012 and 2013, and finds that local representation in the UN-REDD policy board and in Nigeria-REDD is not substantive. Participation is merely symbolic. For example, elected local government authorities, who ostensibly represent rural people, are neither present in the UN-REDD board nor were they invited to the participatory forums that vetted the Nigeria-REDD. They were excluded because they were politically weak. However, UN-REDD approved the Nigeria-REDD proposal without a strategy to include or strengthen elected local governments. The study concludes with recommendations to help the UN-REDD strengthen elected local government authority in Nigeria in support of democratic local representation. KW - REDD KW - climate change mitigation KW - UN-REDD KW - democracy KW - Nigeria KW - symbolic representation KW - local government Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_16_106 SN - 0972-4923 SN - 0975-3133 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 384 EP - 399 PB - Medknow publications & media Pvt LTD CY - Mumbai ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olatunji, Akinade S. A1 - Kolawole, Tesleem O. A1 - Oloruntola, Moroof A1 - Günter, Christina T1 - Evaluation of pollution of soils and particulate matter around metal recycling factories in Southwestern Nigeria JF - Journal of health and pollutuin N2 - Background. Metal recycling factories (MRFs) have developed rapidly in Nigeria as recycling policies have been increasingly embraced. These MRFs are point sources for introducing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into environmental media. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the constituents (elemental and mineralogy) of the wastes (slag and particulate matter, (PM)) and soils around the MRFs and to determine the level of pollution within the area. Methods. Sixty samples (30 slag samples, 15 soil samples and 15 PM samples) were collected for this study. The soils, slag and PM samples were analyzed for elemental constituents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Mineralogy of the PM was determined using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and soil mineralogy was determined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Results. The results of the soil analyses revealed the following concentrations for the selected metals in mg/kg include lead (Pb) (21.0-2399.0), zinc (Zn) (56.0-4188.0), copper (Cu) (10.0-1470.0), nickel (Ni) (6.0-215.0), chromium (Cr) (921.0-1737.0) and cadmium (Cd) (below detectable limit (Bdl)-18.1). For the slags the results were Pb (68.0-.333.0), Zn (1364.0-3062), Cu (119.0-1470.0), Ni (12.0-675.0), Cr (297-1737) and Cd (Bdl-15.8). The results in mu g/g for the metal analysis in PM were Pb (4.6-160.0), Zn (18.0-471.0), Cu (2.5-11.0), Ni (0.8-4.2), and Cr (2.5-11.0), while Cd was undetected. The slags are currently utilized for filling the foundations of buildings and roads, providing additional pathways for the introduction of PTEs into the environment from the suspended materials generated from mechanical breakdown of the slags. Conclusions. The MRFs were found to have impacted the quality of environmental media through the introduction of PTEs, impairing soil quality, in addition to PM, which can have detrimental health consequences. Further studies on the health implications of these pollutants and their impacts on human health are needed. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests KW - potentially toxic elements KW - metal recycling plants KW - slags KW - pollution indices Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-8.17.20 SN - 2156-9614 VL - 8 IS - 17 SP - 20 EP - 30 PB - Blacksmith Institute and Pure Earth CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lämke, Jörn A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - Epigenetic and chromatin-based mechanisms in environmental stress adaptation and stress memory in plants JF - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era N2 - Plants frequently have to weather both biotic and abiotic stressors, and have evolved sophisticated adaptation and defense mechanisms. In recent years, chromatin modifications, nucleosome positioning, and DNA methylation have been recognized as important components in these adaptations. Given their potential epigenetic nature, such modifications may provide a mechanistic basis for a stress memory, enabling plants to respond more efficiently to recurring stress or even to prepare their offspring for potential future assaults. In this review, we discuss both the involvement of chromatin in stress responses and the current evidence on somatic, intergenerational, and transgenerational stress memory. KW - remodeling atpase brahma KW - transcriptional memory KW - DNA methylation KW - transgenerational inheritance KW - acquired thermotolerance KW - Arabidopsis-thaliana KW - gene-expression KW - responses KW - protein KW - defense Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1263-6 SN - 1474-760X VL - 18 SP - 8685 EP - 8693 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Jetzschmann, Katharina J. A1 - Neumann, Bettina A1 - Zhang, Xiaorong A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Cordin, Aude A1 - Haupt, Karsten A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Enzymes as Tools in MIP-Sensors JF - Chemosensors N2 - Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have the potential to complement antibodies in bioanalysis, are more stable under harsh conditions, and are potentially cheaper to produce. However, the affinity and especially the selectivity of MIPs are in general lower than those of their biological pendants. Enzymes are useful tools for the preparation of MIPs for both low and high-molecular weight targets: As a green alternative to the well-established methods of chemical polymerization, enzyme-initiated polymerization has been introduced and the removal of protein templates by proteases has been successfully applied. Furthermore, MIPs have been coupled with enzymes in order to enhance the analytical performance of biomimetic sensors: Enzymes have been used in MIP-sensors as tracers for the generation and amplification of the measuring signal. In addition, enzymatic pretreatment of an analyte can extend the analyte spectrum and eliminate interferences. KW - enzymatic MIP synthesis KW - template digestion KW - enzyme tracer KW - enzymatic analyte conversion KW - molecularly imprinted polymers Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors5020011 SN - 2227-9040 VL - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hogan, Barbara A1 - Rasche, Christoph T1 - Emergency Care in Germany being re-assessed Hybrid Medical Care Model Seen As Potential Answer T2 - Eurasian Journal of emergency medicine Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5152/eajem.2017.00001 SN - 2149-5807 SN - 2149-6048 VL - 16 SP - 47 EP - 47 PB - Aves CY - Sisli ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, Christian A1 - Cermak, Jan A1 - Nadezhdina, Nadezhda A1 - Tributsch, Helmut T1 - Electrochemical in-situ studies of solar mediated oxygen transport and turnover dynamics in a tree trunk of Tilia cordata JF - iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry N2 - Platinum electrodes were implanted into the xylem of a lime tree (Tilia cordata) stem and solar- induced electrochemical potential differences of up to 120 mV were measured during the vegetative period and up to 30 mV in winter. The time dependent curves were found to be delayed with respect to solar radiation, sap flow activity, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A general equation for the potential difference was derived and simplified by analyzing the effect of temperature and tensile strength. The potential determining influence of oxygen concentration on the respective location of the platinum electrode was identified as the principal phenomenon measured. A systematic analysis and investigation of the observed periodic oxygen concentration signals promises new information on sap flow, oxygen diffusion through tree tissues and on oxygen consumption related to the energy turnover in tree tissues. KW - Tree Stems KW - Oxygen Transport KW - Xylem KW - Sap Flow KW - Tree Metabolism KW - Electrical Potential Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1681-010 SN - 1971-7458 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 355 EP - 361 PB - SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology CY - Potenza ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentrich, Doreen A1 - Tauer, Klaus A1 - Espanol, Montserrat A1 - Ginebra, Maria-Pau A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - EDTA and NTA effectively tune the mineralization of calcium phosphate from bulk aqueous solution JF - Biomimetics N2 - This study describes the effects of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) on themineralization of calciumphosphate from bulk aqueous solution. Mineralization was performed between pH 6 and 9 and with NTA or EDTA concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy show that at low pH, mainly brushite precipitates and at higher pH, mostly hydroxyapatite forms. Both additives alter the morphology of the precipitates. Without additive, brushite precipitates as large plates. With NTA, the morphology changes to an unusual rod-like shape. With EDTA, the edges of the particles are rounded and disk-like particles form. Conductivity and pH measurements suggest that the final products form through several intermediate steps. KW - biomineralization KW - biomimetic mineralization KW - calcium phosphate KW - NTA KW - EDTA KW - precipitation KW - brushite KW - hydroxyapatite Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics2040024 SN - 2313-7673 VL - 2 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hentrich, Doreen A1 - Tauer, Klaus A1 - Espanol, Montserrat A1 - Ginebra, Maria-Pau A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - EDTA and NTA effectively tune the mineralization of calcium phosphate from bulk aqueous solution T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study describes the effects of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) on themineralization of calciumphosphate from bulk aqueous solution. Mineralization was performed between pH 6 and 9 and with NTA or EDTA concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy show that at low pH, mainly brushite precipitates and at higher pH, mostly hydroxyapatite forms. Both additives alter the morphology of the precipitates. Without additive, brushite precipitates as large plates. With NTA, the morphology changes to an unusual rod-like shape. With EDTA, the edges of the particles are rounded and disk-like particles form. Conductivity and pH measurements suggest that the final products form through several intermediate steps. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1095 KW - biomineralization KW - biomimetic mineralization KW - calcium phosphate KW - NTA KW - EDTA KW - precipitation KW - brushite KW - hydroxyapatite Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469186 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1095 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paragas, Erickson M. A1 - Humphreys, Sara C. A1 - Min, Joshua A1 - Joswig-Jones, Carolyn A. A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Jones, Jeffrey P. T1 - ecoAO BT - a simple system for the study of human aldehyde oxidases role in drug metabolism JF - ACS OMEGA N2 - Although aldehyde oxidase (AO) is an important hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme, it remains understudied and is consequently often overlooked in preclinical studies, an oversight that has resulted in the failure of multiple clinical trials. AO’s preclusion to investigation stems from the following: (1) difficulties synthesizing metabolic standards due to the chemospecificity and regiospecificity of the enzyme and (2) significant inherent variability across existing in vitro systems including liver cytosol, S9 fractions, and primary hepatocytes, which lack specificity and generate discordant expression and activity profiles. Here, we describe a practical bacterial biotransformation system, ecoAO, addressing both issues simultaneously. ecoAO is a cell paste of MoCo-producing Escherichia coli strain TP1017 expressing human AO. It exhibits specific activity toward known substrates, zoniporide, 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde, O6-benzylguanine, and zaleplon; it also has utility as a biocatalyst, yielding milligram quantities of synthetically challenging metabolite standards such as 2-oxo-zoniporide. Moreover, ecoAO enables routine determination of kcat and V/K, which are essential parameters for accurate in vivo clearance predictions. Furthermore, ecoAO has potential as a preclinical in vitro screening tool for AO activity, as demonstrated by its metabolism of 3-aminoquinoline, a previously uncharacterized substrate. ecoAO promises to provide easy access to metabolites with the potential to improve pharmacokinetic clearance predictions and guide drug development. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01054 SN - 2470-1343 VL - 2 SP - 4820 EP - 4827 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - DPP4 inhibition prevents AKI T2 - Oncotarget KW - acute kidney injury KW - DPP-4 inhibitors KW - ischemia reperfusion injury KW - gliptins KW - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20212 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 8 SP - 64655 EP - 64656 PB - Impact Journals LLC CY - Orchard Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Bilz, Ludwig A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Wright, Michelle F. T1 - Do emotional components of alexithymia mediate the interplay between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration? JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - A substantial amount of research has revealed that cyberbully-victims have more emotional and behavioral problems than either cyberbullying victims or perpetrators. However, until now, little research has been conducted into the factors that contribute to the interplay between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and two emotional components of alexithymia, namely difficulties in identifying and describing one's own feelings. Self-report questions were administered to 1549 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.51; SD = 1.68; 42.1% (n = 652) male) from Germany and Thailand. Results showed that cyberbullying victimization and alexithymia are associated with cyberbullying perpetration. Moreover, alexithymia mediated the associations between cyberbullying victimization and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration. Consequently, we suggest that the ability to describe and identify one's own feelings might be important for understanding the link between cyberbullying, victimization, and perpetration. The results may help develop prevention and intervention programs focused on reducing cyberbullying. KW - alexithymia KW - cyberbully-victims KW - cyberbullying KW - cybervictimization KW - mediation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121530 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 14 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berry, Scott A1 - Rosa, Stefanie A1 - Howard, Martin A1 - Buhler, Marc A1 - Dean, Caroline T1 - Disruption of an RNA-binding hinge region abolishes LHP1-mediated epigenetic repression JF - Genes & Development N2 - Epigenetic maintenance of gene repression is essential for development. Polycomb complexes are central to this memory, but many aspects of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) binds Polycomb-deposited H3K27me3 and is required for repression of many Polycomb target genes in Arabidopsis. Here we show that LHP1 binds RNA in vitro through the intrinsically disordered hinge region. By independently perturbing the RNA-binding hinge region and H3K27me3 (trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys27) recognition, we found that both facilitate LHP1 localization and H3K27me3 maintenance. Disruption of the RNAbinding hinge region also prevented formation of subnuclear foci, structures potentially important for epigenetic repression. KW - chromatin KW - epigenetics KW - plant biology KW - Polycomb KW - RNA Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.305227.117 SN - 0890-9369 SN - 1549-5477 VL - 31 SP - 2115 EP - 2120 PB - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press CY - Cold Spring Harbor, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huck, Stefan A1 - Wohlwend, Stephan A1 - Coimbra, Rute A1 - Christ, Nicolas A1 - Weissert, Helmut T1 - Disentangling shallow-water bulk carbonate carbon isotope archives with evidence for multi-stage diagenesis BT - an in-depth component-specific petrographic and geochemical study from Oman (mid-Cretaceous) JF - The depositional record N2 - Disentangling shallow‐water bulk carbonate carbon isotope archives into primary and diagenetic components is a notoriously difficult task and even diagenetically screened records often provide chemostratigraphic patterns that significantly differ from global signals. This is mainly caused by the polygenetic nature of shallow‐water carbonate substrates, local carbon cycle processes causing considerable neritic–pelagic isotope gradients and the presence of hiatal surfaces resulting in extremely low carbonate preservation rates. Provided here is an in‐depth petrographic and geochemical evaluation of different carbonate phases of a mid‐Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) shallow‐water limestone succession (Jabal Madar section) deposited on the tropical Arabian carbonate platform in Oman. The superposition of stable isotope signatures of identified carbonate phases causes a complex and often noisy bulk carbon isotope pattern. Blocky sparite cements filling intergranular pores and bioclastic voids evidence intermediate to (arguably) deep burial diagenetic conditions during their formation, owing to different timing or differential faulting promoting the circulation of fluids from variable sources. In contrast, sparite cements filling sub‐vertical veins reveal a rock‐buffered diagenetic fluid composition with an intriguing moderate enrichment in 13C, probably due to fractionation during pressure release in the context of the Miocene exhumation of the carbonate platform under study. The presence of abundant, replacive dedolomite in mud‐supported limestone samples forced negative carbon and oxygen isotope changes that are either associated with the thermal breakdown of organic matter in the deep burial realm or the expulsion of buried meteoric water in the intermediate burial realm. Notwithstanding the documented stratigraphically variable and often facies‐related impact of different diagenetic fluids on the bulk‐rock stable isotope signature, the identification of diagenetic end‐members defined δ13C and δ18O threshold values that allowed the most reliable ‘primary’ bulk carbon isotope signatures to be extracted. Most importantly, this approach exemplifies how to place regional shallow‐water stable isotope patterns with evidence for a complex multi‐stage diagenetic history into a supraregional or even global context. KW - Arabian carbonate platform KW - Barremian-Aptian KW - multi-stage diagenesis KW - shallow-water chemostratigraphy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.35 SN - 2055-4877 VL - 3 SP - 233 EP - 257 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Tobias T1 - Die Berliner "Edition Humboldt digital" JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Das Akademienvorhaben „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung“ (AvH-R) hat Anfang 2015 mit einer projektierten Laufzeit von 18 Jahren seine Arbeit an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften aufgenommen. Die Hauptaufgabe von AvH-R besteht in der vollständigen Herausgabe der Humboldt‘schen Manuskripte zum Themenkomplex Reisen an der Schnittstelle von Kultur- und Naturwissenschaften. Die Schriftenreihe des Akademienvorhabens AvH-R läuft unter dem Titel Edition Humboldt und ist hybrid angelegt. Die Printedition der Tagebücher – Edition Humboldt – ist als Lesefassung konzipiert. Die Edition Humboldt digital zielt auf eine möglichst umfassende textorientierte Transkription und Kommentierung der Handschriften sowie auf eine intelligente Nutzung normdateibasierter Webdienste und Informationsangebote. Die ersten Ergebnisse wurden im Herbst 2016 der Öffentlichkeit unter avhr.bbaw.de präsentiert und werden hier zusammengefasst vorgestellt. N2 - The Academy Project „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung [Travelling Humboldt – Science on the Move]“ (AvH-R) started in 2015 at the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities and has a project lifetime of 18 vears. Its main focus is the edition of Humboldt’s manuscripts on the topical complex ‘journeys’ at the intersection of cultural and natural sciences. The project’s series is designed as a hybrid edition under the title Edition Humboldt. Its print version is made for reading, while Edition Humboldt digital offers complete transcriptions, a critical apparatus and the intelligent use of digital components and interfaces. AvH-R’s first results were shown to the public in autumn of 2016 under avhr.bbaw.de and are presented here in a summarized version. N2 - El proyecto de academia „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung [Centro Alejandro de Humboldt – Ciencia en Movimiento]“ (AvH-R) empezó en 2015 en la Academia de Ciencias y Humanidades de Berlín Brandenburgo y tiene una duración estimada de 18 años. Su enfoque principal es la edición de los manuscritos de viaje humboldtianos en la intersección de ciencias naturales y culturales. La edición del proyecto bajo el título de Edition Humboldt tiene un diseño híbrido. Su versión impresa estará hecha para la lectura principalmente, mientras que Edition Humboldt digital ofrecerá transcripciones completas con apendices críticos y el uso inteligente de componentes e interfaces digitales. Los primeros resultados del trabajo de AvH-R se presentaron al público en otoño de 2016 bajo avhr.bbaw.de y son sintetizados aquí para su mayor difusión. KW - Editionsphilologie KW - Akademienvorhaben "Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen - Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung KW - Nachlass Alexander von Humboldt Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395747 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 3 EP - 16 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Thews, Ingmar T1 - Defensives und expansives Lernen BT - eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse zum Projekt "Die persönliche Entwicklung von Studierenden im Praxissemester" T2 - Lern dich glücklich – Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen N2 - Während des Praxissemesters sammeln Studierende ihre ersten längeren praktischen Erfahrungen als Lehrkraft. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese ersten Erfahrungen bereits prägend für die spätere Lehrtätigkeit sein können. Sei es als berufliche Orientierung oder als kleiner Schritt zur Herausbildung der eigenen Lehrpersönlichkeit. Herr Ingmar Thews widmet sich mit seiner Arbeit der wichtigen Frage, inwieweit Studierende Schule als Raum für „expansives“ oder „defensives“ Lernen erleben. Dabei führt er nach der subjektwissenschaftlichen Theorie von Klaus Holzkamp eine Inhaltsanalyse von Tonaufnahmen, welche während des Praxissemesters entstanden sind, durch. Die Ergebnisse bieten einen tieferen Einblick, wie Studierende Schule während ihrer Praxisphasen erleben. Dass defensives Lernen immer noch einen großen Teil der Erfahrungen der Studierenden ausmacht und zum Alltag von Schule gehört, ist eine Erkenntnis, die einen nachdenklich stimmen kann. Mit dem Seminarkonzept „Expansives Lernen fördern durch eine prozessorientierte Didaktik“ hat Herr Thews einen Rahmen geschaffen, der Studierenden die Möglichkeit gibt, über ihre negativen und positiven Erfahrungen zu sprechen und gleichzeitig über die Gestaltung expansiver Lernräume nachzudenken. Im Sinne einer prozessorientierten Didaktik würden wir uns freuen, wenn die Handreichung von Herrn Thews vielfältige Verwendung und Erweiterung in anderen Seminaren des Praxissemesters findet. T3 - Lern dich glücklich - Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen - 1 KW - Klaus Holzkamp KW - expansives Lernen KW - defensives Lernen KW - widerständiges Lernen KW - Reflexivität KW - Praxissemester KW - prozessorientierte Didaktik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404703 SN - 2568-4515 IS - 1 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Ingo T1 - Bernd Kölbel: Geologe und Alexander-von-Humboldt-Forscher JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Nachruf mit Bibliographie. KW - Geologie KW - Reisetagebücher KW - Geuns, Steven Jan van Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395836 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 167 EP - 170 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesmeier, Isabella K. A1 - Dalin, Daniela A1 - Wehrle, Anja A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Muehlbauer, Thomas A1 - Dietterle, Jörg A1 - Weiller, Cornelius A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Maurer, Christoph T1 - Balance training enhances vestibular function and reduces overactive proprioceptive feedback in elderly JF - Frontiers in aging neuroscience N2 - Objectives: Postural control in elderly people is impaired by degradations of sensory, motor, and higher-level adaptive mechanisms. Here, we characterize the effects of a progressive balance training programon these postural control impairments using a brain network model based on system identification techniques. Methods and Material: We analyzed postural control of 35 healthy elderly subjects and compared findings to data from 35 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen elderly subjects performed a 10 week balance training conducted twice per week. Balance training was carried out in static and dynamic movement states, on support surfaces with different elastic compliances, under different visual conditions and motor tasks. Postural control was characterized by spontaneous sway and postural reactions to pseudorandom anterior-posterior tilts of the support surface. Data were interpreted using a parameter identification procedure based on a brain network model. Conclusion: Balance training reduced overactive proprioceptive feedback and restored vestibular orientation in elderly. Based on the assumption of a linear deterioration of postural control across the life span, the training effect can be extrapolated as a juvenescence of 10 years. This study points to a considerable benefit of a continuous balance training in elderly, even without any sensorimotor deficits. KW - age KW - balance KW - vestibular KW - proprioception KW - training Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00273 SN - 1663-4365 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milewski, Robert A1 - Chabrillat, Sabine A1 - Behling, Robert T1 - Analyses of Recent Sediment Surface Dynamic of a Namibian Kalahari Salt Pan Based on Multitemporal Landsat and Hyperspectral Hyperion Data JF - Remote Sensing N2 - This study combines spaceborne multitemporal and hyperspectral data to analyze the spatial distribution of surface evaporite minerals and changes in a semi-arid depositional environment associated with episodic flooding events, the Omongwa salt pan (Kalahari, Namibia). The dynamic of the surface crust is evaluated by a change-detection approach using the Iterative-reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD) based on the Landsat archive imagery from 1984 to 2015. The results show that the salt pan is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous landform. A change gradient is observed from very stable pan border to a highly dynamic central pan. On the basis of hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion images, the current distribution of surface evaporite minerals is characterized using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA). Assessment of field and image endmembers revealed that the pan surface can be categorized into three major crust types based on diagnostic absorption features and mineralogical ground truth data. The mineralogical crust types are related to different zones of surface change as well as pan morphology that influences brine flow during the pan inundation and desiccation cycles. These combined information are used to spatially map depositional environments where the more dynamic halite crust concentrates in lower areas although stable gypsum and calcite/sepiolite crusts appear in higher elevated areas. KW - salt pan KW - playa KW - hyperspectral KW - multitemporal KW - change detection KW - evaporite minerals Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020170 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 9 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Jessica E. A1 - Carvalho, Gary R. A1 - Haile, James A1 - Martin, Michael D. A1 - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego A1 - Niemann, Jonas A1 - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. A1 - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela A1 - Rawlence, Nicolas J. A1 - Fuller, Errol A1 - Fjeldsa, Jon A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Stewart, John R. A1 - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. A1 - Knapp, Michael T1 - An ‛Aukward’ tale BT - a genetic approach to discover the whereabouts of the Last Great Auks JF - Genes N2 - One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller’s candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars’ minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds. KW - ancient DNA KW - extinct birds KW - mitochondrial genome KW - museum specimens KW - palaeogenomics Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060164 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 164 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mikolajczyk, Aniela Maria T1 - Alexander von Humboldts Manuskript Isle de Cube BT - Antilles en général in der Biblioteka Jagiellońska als Vorstufe des Essai politique sur l'île de Cuba JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Das von Alexander von Humboldt ab 1804 oder später verfasste Manuskript „Isle de Cube. Antilles en général“ wurde erst kürzlich zum ersten Mal veröffentlicht. Es stellt die Grundlage für den Essai politique sur l‘île de Cuba (1826) dar, der als das „wichtigste liberale Manifest des 19. Jahrhunderts gegen die Sklaverei“ gilt. Ziel der Untersuchung ist, die textgenetische inhaltliche und stilistische Entwicklung vom Manuskript zur Publikation ansatzweise nachverfolgen zu können, um Rückschlüsse auf Humboldts Arbeitsweise und Strategien als Autor mit einem politischen Anliegen zu ziehen. N2 - Le manuscrit «Isle de Cube. Antilles en général» – écrit par Alexander von Humboldt dès l’année 1804 ou plus tard, a été récemment publié pour la première fois. Il sert de fondation à l’Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba (1826), qui est considéré comme le «manifeste libéral le plus important du XIXe siècle contre l’esclavage». Cette étude propose une approche génétique concernant le contenu et le style du manuscrit jusqu’à la publication, pour en tirer des conclusions sur les méthodes et stratégies de travail de Humboldt comme auteur, notamment en lien avec des préoccupations politiques. N2 - The manuscript “Isle de Cube. Antilles en général“, written by Alexander von Humboldt from 1804 onwards or later, has only recently been published. It is the groundwork for the Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba (1826), which is regarded as the “most important liberal manifesto against slavery of the 19th century“. The aim of this study is to trace the textual genesis of Humboldt’s work in regard to content and style from the manuscript to the publication in order to draw conclusions on Humboldt’s methods and strategies as an author with a political concern. KW - Sklaverei KW - Cuba-Manuskript KW - Essai politique sur l'île de Cuba KW - Abolitionismus KW - Humboldt, Alexander von KW - Amerikanische Reisetagebücher KW - Reiseliteraur Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395773 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 58 EP - 79 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drozdowska-Broering, Izabela T1 - Alexander von Humboldt und die polnische Wissenschafts- und Kulturwelt JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Alexander von Humboldt war in Polen bereits im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert berühmt geworden. Er reiste mehrmals nach Polen und unterhielt Kontakte zu polnischen oder polnischstämmigen Wissenschaftlern. Aus den 30er und 40er Jahren stammen die meisten schriftlichen Belege, die von Beziehungen Humboldts zu solchen Persönlichkeiten wie Ludwik Zejszner, Józef Waraszkiewicz oder Filip Neryusz Walter zeugen. Nicht nachweisbar ist heute dafür Humboldts Kontakt zu Wincenty Pol sowie zu Ignacy Domeyko. Humboldt inspiriert nicht nur polnische Wissenschaftler, sondern auch führende polnische Dichter der Romantik. Viele polnische Exilanten verdanken dem deutschen Gelehrten wertvolle Kontakte, Empfehlungsschreiben und Gesuche bei damaligen Machthabern. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt had become famous in Poland already in the late 18th century. He travelled several times to Poland and maintained contact to Polish or Polish descendant scientists. From the 1830s and 1840s date most of the evidences of Humboldt‘s relationship to such personalities as Ludwik Zejszner, Józef Waraszkiewicz or Filip Neryusz Walter. Humboldt‘s contacts with Wincenty Pol and Ignacy Domeyko are unverifiable today. Humboldt inspired not only Polish scientists but also leading Polish poets of Romanticism. Many Polish expatriates are due to the German scholar for valuable contacts, letters of recommendation and requests to those in power at that time. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt était célèbre en Pologne déjà à la fin du 18ème siècle. Il voyagea plusieurs fois en Pologne et était en contact avec des scientifiques polonais ou d‘origine polonaise. Des années 1830 et 1840 datent la plupart des documents écrits qui attestent des relations de Humboldt avec des personnalités telles que Ludwik Zejszner, Józef Waraszkiewicz ou Filip Neryusz Walter. En revanche, les contacts de Humboldt avec Wincenty Pol et Ignacy Domeyko ne peuvent pas être prouvés aujourd‘hui. Humboldt a inspiré non seulement des scientifiques polonais, mais aussi de grands poètes romantiques polonais. De nombreux exilés polonais doivent au savant allemand des contacts précieux, des lettres de recommandation et des requêtes aux hommes au pouvoir à cette époque. KW - Polen KW - Novemberaufstand KW - polnische Wissenschaftler KW - polnische Romantik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395750 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 16 EP - 28 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Di Baldassarre, Giuliano A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. A1 - Apel, Heiko A1 - Aronica, Giuseppe T. A1 - Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten A1 - Bouwer, Laurens M. A1 - Bubeck, Philip A1 - Caloiero, Tommaso A1 - Chinh, Do T. A1 - Cortes, Maria A1 - Gain, Animesh K. A1 - Giampa, Vincenzo A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. A1 - Llasat, Maria Carmen A1 - Mard, Johanna A1 - Matczak, Piotr A1 - Mazzoleni, Maurizio A1 - Molinari, Daniela A1 - Dung, Nguyen V. A1 - Petrucci, Olga A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Slager, Kymo A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Ward, Philip J. A1 - Merz, Bruno T1 - Adaptation to flood risk BT - Results of international paired flood event studies JF - Earth's Future N2 - As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, that is, consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socioeconomic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, for example, via raised risk awareness, preparedness, and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur. KW - flooding KW - vulnerability KW - global environmental change KW - adaptation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000606 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 5 SP - 953 EP - 965 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pradhan, Prajal A1 - Costa, Luís Fílípe Carvalho da A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions JF - Earths Future N2 - Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have set the 2030 agenda to transform our world by tackling multiple challenges humankind is facing to ensure well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. In contrast to conventional development agendas focusing on a restricted set of dimensions, the SDGs provide a holistic and multidimensional view on development. Hence, interactions among the SDGs may cause diverging results. To analyze the SDG interactions we systematize the identification of synergies and trade-offs using official SDG indicator data for 227 countries. A significant positive correlation between a pair of SDG indicators is classified as a synergy while a significant negative correlation is classified as a trade-off. We rank synergies and trade-offs between SDGs pairs on global and country scales in order to identify the most frequent SDG interactions. For a given SDG, positive correlations between indicator pairs were found to outweigh the negative ones in most countries. Among SDGs the positive and negative correlations between indicator pairs allowed for the identification of particular global patterns. SDG 1 (No poverty) has synergetic relationship with most of the other goals, whereas SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) is the goal most commonly associated with trade-offs. The attainment of the SDG agenda will greatly depend on whether the identified synergies among the goals can be leveraged. In addition, the highlighted trade-offs, which constitute obstacles in achieving the SDGs, need to be negotiated and made structurally nonobstructive by deeper changes in the current strategies. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000632 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 5 SP - 1169 EP - 1179 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Päßler, Ulrich T1 - A Political Economy of Nature BT - Alexander von Humboldt's Essay on the Fluctuations in the Supplies of Gold JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - In seinem Aufsatz „Ueber die Schwankungen der Goldproduktion mit Rücksicht auf staatswirthschaftliche Probleme“ (1838) entfaltet Alexander von Humboldt auf wenigen Seiten eine Weltgeschichte des Edelmetallverkehrs von der Antike bis ins 19. Jahrhundert. Der vorliegende Artikel geht Humboldts ökonomischem Denken als Teil seiner Forschungen zur Natur- und Menschheitsgeschichte nach. Er beginnt mit einem kurzen Abriss der von spätmerkantilistischen und frühliberalen Einflüssen geprägten Ausbildung Humboldts. Der Artikel diskutiert anschließend eine von Humboldt angefertigte Weltkarte sowie vier darauf bezogene Schaubilder, die historische und zeitgenössische statistische Daten zur graphischen Vision eines globalen Wirtschaftskreislaufs kombinieren. In einem weiteren Schritt geht der Artikel Humboldts Anwendung historischer und naturgeschichtlicher Forschungsmethoden auf dem Gebiet der politischen Ökonomie am Beispiel des Aufsatzes von 1838 nach. Den Schluss der Untersuchung bildet Humboldts Auseinandersetzung mit dem Edelmetall Platin, dessen begrenzte Verbreitung im Widerspruch zur Idee eines freien weltweiten Austauschs stand. N2 - Dans son mémoire « Sur la production de l’or considérée dans ses fluctuations » (1838), Alexandre de Humboldt développa une histoire universelle de la circulation des métaux précieux de l’antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Le présent article poursuit la pensée économique de Humboldt en la mettant dans le contexte de ses études physiques, naturelles et historiques. L’article commence par un abrégé de l’éducation professionnelle de Humboldt, qui était marquée par des influences caméralistes et libérales à la fois. Puis l’article commente une mappemonde et quatre diagrammes, dessinés par Humboldt; la combinaison des données statistiques historiques et contemporaines constitue la vision cartographique d’un circuit économique global. Dans un second temps, l’article aborde le mémoire de 1838 et analyse l’emploi des méthodes de recherche des sciences naturelles et historiques dans le domaine de l’économie politique. L’article se conclut par un examen des remarques de Humboldt sur le platine, un métal précieux qui en raison de sa répartition naturelle limitée était en contradiction avec l’idée d’un libre échange mondial. N2 - In his “Essay on the Fluctuations in the Supplies of Gold” (1838) Humboldt presents a global history of the flow of precious metals from antiquity to the 19th century. This paper traces Humboldt’s economic thinking within his natural and historical research, starting with an outline of his educational background which incorporated late mercantilist and early liberal influences. It then discusses a world map and four charts drawn by Humboldt, which combine historical and contemporary statistical data into a cartographical vision of a global economic circuit. In a next step, the article explores Humboldt’s application of natural and historical research methods in the field of political economy, using the example of his 1838 essay. Finally, the article addresses Humboldt’s discussion of platinum, a precious metal whose limited natural distribution contradicted the idea of free global exchange. KW - Wirtschaftgeschichte KW - Wissenschaftsgeschichte KW - Kameralismus KW - Bergbau KW - Edelmetalle KW - Gold KW - Silber KW - Platin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395781 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 80 EP - 91 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hintsche, Marius A1 - Waljor, Veronika A1 - Grossmann, Robert A1 - Kühn, Marco J. A1 - Thormann, Kai M. A1 - Peruani, Fernando A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - A polar bundle of flagella can drive bacterial swimming by pushing, pulling, or coiling around the cell body JF - Scientific reports N2 - Bacteria swim in sequences of straight runs that are interrupted by turning events. They drive their swimming locomotion with the help of rotating helical flagella. Depending on the number of flagella and their arrangement across the cell body, different run-and-turn patterns can be observed. Here, we present fluorescence microscopy recordings showing that cells of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida that are decorated with a polar tuft of helical flagella, can alternate between two distinct swimming patterns. On the one hand, they can undergo a classical push-pull-push cycle that is well known from monopolarly flagellated bacteria but has not been reported for species with a polar bundle of multiple flagella. Alternatively, upon leaving the pulling mode, they can enter a third slow swimming phase, where they propel themselves with their helical bundle wrapped around the cell body. A theoretical estimate based on a random-walk model shows that the spreading of a population of swimmers is strongly enhanced when cycling through a sequence of pushing, pulling, and wrapped flagellar configurations as compared to the simple push-pull-push pattern. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16428-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER -