TY - JOUR
A1 - Capra, Elena Sofia
ED - Ambühl, Annemarie
ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
ED - Rollinger, Christian
ED - Walde, Christine
T1 - "Orfeo out of Care"
BT - The Reception of the Classical Myth of Orpheus from Sir Orfeo to Tolkien
JF - thersites 15
N2 - The paper focuses on an example of multiple-step reception: the contribution of the classical story of Orpheus and Eurydice and the mediaeval lay Sir Orfeo to Tolkien’s work.
In the first part, I compare the lay with Virgilian and Ovidian versions of Orpheus’ myth. This comparison shows the anonymous author’s deep knowledge of the ancient texts and complex way of rewriting them through stealing and hybridization.
The lay was highly esteemed by Tolkien, who translated it and took inspiration from it while describing the Elven kingdom in The Hobbit and building the storyline of Beren and Lúthien in The Silmarillion. Through this key tale, Orpheus/Orfeo’s romance has a deep influence also on Aragorn and Arwen’s story in The Lord of the Rings. The most important element that Tolkien takes from the Sir Orfeo figuration of the ancient story is undoubtedly the insertion of political theme: the link established between the recovery of the main character’s beloved and the return to royal responsability.
The second part of the paper is, thus, dedicated to the reception of Sir Orfeo and the classical myth in Tolkien. It shows how in his work the different steps of the tradition of Orpheus’ story are co-present, creating an inextricable substrate of inspiration that nourishes his imagination.
KW - Orpheus and Eurydice
KW - Sir Orfeo
KW - reception
KW - Tolkien
KW - Beren and Lúthien
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol15.209
SN - 2364-7612
VL - 2022
IS - 15
SP - 52
EP - 89
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pezzini, Giuseppe
ED - Ambühl, Annemarie
ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
ED - Rollinger, Christian
ED - Walde, Christine
T1 - (Classical) Narratives of Decline in Tolkien: Renewal, Accommodation, Focalisation
JF - thersites 15
N2 - The paper investigates Tolkien’s narratives of decline through the lens of their classical ancestry. Narratives of decline are widespread in ancient culture, in both philosophical and literary discourses. They normally posit a gradual degradation (moral and ontological) from an idealized Golden Age, which went hand-in-hand with increasing detachment of gods from mortal affairs. Narratives of decline are also at the core of Tolkien’s mythology, constituting yet another underresearched aspect of classical influence on Tolkien. Such Classical narratives reverberate e.g. in Tolkien’s division of Arda’s history into ages, from an idealized First Age filled with Joy and Light to a Third Age, described as “Twilight Age (…) the first of the broken and changed world” (Letters 131). More generally, these narratives are related to Tolkien’s notorious perception of history as a “long defeat” (Letters 195) and to that “heart-racking sense of the vanished past” which pervades Tolkien’s works – the emotion which, in his words, moved him “supremely” and which he found “small difficulty in evoking” (Letters 91). The paper analyses the reception of narratives of decline in Tolkien’s legendarium, pointing out similarities but also contrasts and differences, with the aim to discuss some key patterns of (classical) reception in Tolkien’s theory and practice (‘renewal’, ‘accommodation’, ‘focalization’).
KW - narrative of decline
KW - Hesiod
KW - reception
KW - focalization
KW - accommodation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol15.213
SN - 2364-7612
VL - 2022
IS - 15
SP - 25
EP - 51
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franz, Gerhard
A1 - Sudo, Masafumi
A1 - Khomenko, Vladimir
T1 - 40Ar/39Ar dating of a hydrothermal pegmatitic buddingtonite–muscovite assemblage from Volyn, Ukraine
JF - European journal of mineralogy : EJM : an international journal on mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and related sciences
N2 - We determined Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of buddingtonite, occurring together with muscovite, with the laser-ablation method. This is the first attempt to date the NH4-feldspar buddingtonite, which is typical for sedimentary-diagenetic environments of sediments, rich in organic matter, or in hydrothermal environments, associated with volcanic geyser systems. The sample is a hydrothermal breccia, coming from the Paleoproterozoic pegmatite field of the Korosten Plutonic Complex, Volyn, Ukraine. A detailed characterization by optical methods, electron microprobe analyses, backscattered electron imaging, and IR analyses showed that the buddingtonite consists of euhedral-appearing platy crystals of tens of micrometers wide, 100 or more micrometers in length, which consist of fine-grained fibers of <= 1 mu m thickness. The crystals are sector and growth zoned in terms of K-NH4-H3O content. The content of K allows for an age determination with the Ar-40/Ar-39 method, as well as in the accompanying muscovite, intimately intergrown with the buddingtonite. The determinations on muscovite yielded an age of 1491 +/- 9 Ma, interpreted as the hydrothermal event forming the breccia. However, buddingtonite apparent ages yielded a range of 563 +/- 14 Ma down to 383 +/- 12 Ma, which are interpreted as reset ages due to Ar loss of the fibrous buddingtonite crystals during later heating. We conclude that buddingtonite is suited for Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations as a supplementary method, together with other methods and minerals; however, it requires a detailed mineralogical characterization, and the ages will likely represent minimum ages.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-7-2022
SN - 0935-1221
SN - 1617-4011
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 7
EP - 18
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haueis, Lisa
A1 - Stech, Marlitt
A1 - Kubick, Stefan
T1 - A Cell-free Expression Pipeline for the Generation and Functional Characterization of Nanobodies
JF - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
N2 - Cell-free systems are well-established platforms for the rapid synthesis, screening, engineering and modification of all kinds of recombinant proteins ranging from membrane proteins to soluble proteins, enzymes and even toxins. Also within the antibody field the cell-free technology has gained considerable attention with respect to the clinical research pipeline including antibody discovery and production. Besides the classical full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), so-called "nanobodies" (Nbs) have come into focus. A Nb is the smallest naturally-derived functional antibody fragment known and represents the variable domain (VHH, similar to 15 kDa) of a camelid heavy-chain-only antibody (HCAb). Based on their nanoscale and their special structure, Nbs display striking advantages concerning their production, but also their characteristics as binders, such as high stability, diversity, improved tissue penetration and reaching of cavity-like epitopes. The classical way to produce Nbs depends on the use of living cells as production host. Though cell-based production is well-established, it is still time-consuming, laborious and hardly amenable for high-throughput applications. Here, we present for the first time to our knowledge the synthesis of functional Nbs in a standardized mammalian cell-free system based on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lysates. Cell-free reactions were shown to be time-efficient and easy-to-handle allowing for the "on demand" synthesis of Nbs. Taken together, we complement available methods and demonstrate a promising new system for Nb selection and validation.
KW - cell-free protein synthesis
KW - In vitro transcription
KW - translation
KW - nanobody
KW - VHH
KW - camelid
KW - CHO cell lysate
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.896763
SN - 2296-4185
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krebs, Simon K.
A1 - Rakotoarinoro, Nathanael
A1 - Stech, Marlitt
A1 - Zemella, Anne
A1 - Kubick, Stefan
T1 - A CHO-based cell-free dual fluorescence reporter system for the straightforward assessment of amber suppression and scFv functionality
JF - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
N2 - Incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) with bioorthogonal reactive groups by amber suppression allows the generation of synthetic proteins with desired novel properties. Such modified molecules are in high demand for basic research and therapeutic applications such as cancer treatment and in vivo imaging. The positioning of the ncAA-responsive codon within the protein's coding sequence is critical in order to maintain protein function, achieve high yields of ncAA-containing protein, and allow effective conjugation. Cell-free ncAA incorporation is of particular interest due to the open nature of cell-free systems and their concurrent ease of manipulation. In this study, we report a straightforward workflow to inquire ncAA positions in regard to incorporation efficiency and protein functionality in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-free system. As a model, the well-established orthogonal translation components Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and tRNATyr(CUA) were used to site-specifically incorporate the ncAA p-azido-l-phenylalanine (AzF) in response to UAG codons. A total of seven ncAA sites within an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) N-terminally fused to the red fluorescent protein mRFP1 and C-terminally fused to the green fluorescent protein sfGFP were investigated for ncAA incorporation efficiency and impact on antigen binding. The characterized cell-free dual fluorescence reporter system allows screening for ncAA incorporation sites with high incorporation efficiency that maintain protein activity. It is parallelizable, scalable, and easy to operate. We propose that the established CHO-based cell-free dual fluorescence reporter system can be of particular interest for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
KW - expanded genetic code
KW - orthogonal system
KW - noncanonical amino acid
KW - unnatural amino acid
KW - antibody
KW - cell-free protein synthesis
KW - mRFP1
KW - sfGFP
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.873906
SN - 2296-4185
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mbebi, Alain J.
A1 - Breitler, Jean-Christophe
A1 - Bordeaux, M'elanie
A1 - Sulpice, Ronan
A1 - McHale, Marcus
A1 - Tong, Hao
A1 - Toniutti, Lucile
A1 - Castillo, Jonny Alonso
A1 - Bertrand, Benoit
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - A comparative analysis of genomic and phenomic predictions of growth-related traits in 3-way coffee hybrids
JF - G3: Genes, genomes, genetics
N2 - Genomic prediction has revolutionized crop breeding despite remaining issues of transferability of models to unseen environmental conditions and environments. Usage of endophenotypes rather than genomic markers leads to the possibility of building phenomic prediction models that can account, in part, for this challenge. Here, we compare and contrast genomic prediction and phenomic prediction models for 3 growth-related traits, namely, leaf count, tree height, and trunk diameter, from 2 coffee 3-way hybrid populations exposed to a series of treatment-inducing environmental conditions. The models are based on 7 different statistical methods built with genomic markers and ChlF data used as predictors. This comparative analysis demonstrates that the best-performing phenomic prediction models show higher predictability than the best genomic prediction models for the considered traits and environments in the vast majority of comparisons within 3-way hybrid populations. In addition, we show that phenomic prediction models are transferrable between conditions but to a lower extent between populations and we conclude that chlorophyll a fluorescence data can serve as alternative predictors in statistical models of coffee hybrid performance. Future directions will explore their combination with other endophenotypes to further improve the prediction of growth-related traits for crops.
KW - genomic prediction
KW - phenomic prediction
KW - 3-way coffee hybrids
KW - chlorophyll a fluorescence
KW - GenPred
KW - Shared Data Resource
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac170
SN - 2160-1836
VL - 12
IS - 9
PB - Genetics Soc. of America
CY - Pittsburgh, PA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Sher, Daniel
A1 - Miki, Takeshi
A1 - Segre, Daniel
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - A comparative whole-genome approach identifies bacterial traits for marine microbial interactions
JF - Communications biology
N2 - Luca Zoccarato, Daniel Sher et al. leverage publicly available bacterial genomes from marine and other environments to examine traits underlying microbial interactions.
Their results provide a valuable resource to investigate clusters of functional and linked traits to better understand marine bacteria community assembly and dynamics.
Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities with profound consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem health. Yet, most interaction mechanisms are studied only in model systems and their prevalence is unknown. To systematically explore the functional and interaction potential of sequenced marine bacteria, we developed a trait-based approach, and applied it to 473 complete genomes (248 genera), representing a substantial fraction of marine microbial communities.
We identified genome functional clusters (GFCs) which group bacterial taxa with common ecology and life history. Most GFCs revealed unique combinations of interaction traits, including the production of siderophores (10% of genomes), phytohormones (3-8%) and different B vitamins (57-70%). Specific GFCs, comprising Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, displayed more interaction traits than expected by chance, and are thus predicted to preferentially interact synergistically and/or antagonistically with bacteria and phytoplankton. Linked trait clusters (LTCs) identify traits that may have evolved to act together (e.g., secretion systems, nitrogen metabolism regulation and B vitamin transporters), providing testable hypotheses for complex mechanisms of microbial interactions.
Our approach translates multidimensional genomic information into an atlas of marine bacteria and their putative functions, relevant for understanding the fundamental rules that govern community assembly and dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03184-4
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 5
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stauffer, Maxime
A1 - Mengesha, Isaak
A1 - Seifert, Konrad
A1 - Krawczuk, Igor
A1 - Fischer, Jens
A1 - Serugendo, Giovanna Di Marzo
T1 - A computational turn in policy process studies
BT - coevolving network dynamics of policy change
JF - Complexity
N2 - The past three decades of policy process studies have seen the emergence of a clear intellectual lineage with regard to complexity. Implicitly or explicitly, scholars have employed complexity theory to examine the intricate dynamics of collective action in political contexts. However, the methodological counterparts to complexity theory, such as computational methods, are rarely used and, even if they are, they are often detached from established policy process theory. Building on a critical review of the application of complexity theory to policy process studies, we present and implement a baseline model of policy processes using the logic of coevolving networks. Our model suggests that an actor's influence depends on their environment and on exogenous events facilitating dialogue and consensus-building. Our results validate previous opinion dynamics models and generate novel patterns. Our discussion provides ground for further research and outlines the path for the field to achieve a computational turn.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8210732
SN - 1076-2787
SN - 1099-0526
VL - 2022
PB - Wiley-Hindawi
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maier, Corinna Sabrina
A1 - Wiljes, Jana de
A1 - Hartung, Niklas
A1 - Kloft, Charlotte
A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1 - A continued learning approach for model-informed precision dosing
BT - Updating models in clinical practice
JF - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
N2 - Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is a quantitative dosing framework that combines prior knowledge on the drug-disease-patient system with patient data from therapeutic drug/ biomarker monitoring (TDM) to support individualized dosing in ongoing treatment. Structural models and prior parameter distributions used in MIPD approaches typically build on prior clinical trials that involve only a limited number of patients selected according to some exclusion/inclusion criteria. Compared to the prior clinical trial population, the patient population in clinical practice can be expected to also include altered behavior and/or increased interindividual variability, the extent of which, however, is typically unknown. Here, we address the question of how to adapt and refine models on the level of the model parameters to better reflect this real-world diversity. We propose an approach for continued learning across patients during MIPD using a sequential hierarchical Bayesian framework. The approach builds on two stages to separate the update of the individual patient parameters from updating the population parameters. Consequently, it enables continued learning across hospitals or study centers, because only summary patient data (on the level of model parameters) need to be shared, but no individual TDM data. We illustrate this continued learning approach with neutrophil-guided dosing of paclitaxel. The present study constitutes an important step toward building confidence in MIPD and eventually establishing MIPD increasingly in everyday therapeutic use.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12745
SN - 2163-8306
VL - 11
IS - 2
SP - 185
EP - 198
PB - London
CY - Nature Publ. Group
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Langenhan, Jennifer
A1 - Jaeger, Carsten
A1 - Baum, Katharina
A1 - Simon, Mareike
A1 - Lisec, Jan
T1 - A flexible tool to correct superimposed mass isotopologue distributions in GC-APCI-MS flux experiments
JF - Metabolites
N2 - The investigation of metabolic fluxes and metabolite distributions within cells by means of tracer molecules is a valuable tool to unravel the complexity of biological systems. Technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS) technology such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with high resolution (HR), not only allows for highly sensitive analyses but also broadens the usefulness of tracer-based experiments, as interesting signals can be annotated de novo when not yet present in a compound library. However, several effects in the APCI ion source, i.e., fragmentation and rearrangement, lead to superimposed mass isotopologue distributions (MID) within the mass spectra, which need to be corrected during data evaluation as they will impair enrichment calculation otherwise. Here, we present and evaluate a novel software tool to automatically perform such corrections. We discuss the different effects, explain the implemented algorithm, and show its application on several experimental datasets. This adjustable tool is available as an R package from CRAN.
KW - mass isotopologue distribution
KW - enrichment calculation
KW - flux
KW - experiments
KW - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
KW - R package
KW - CorMID
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050408
SN - 2218-1989
VL - 12
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herold, Fabian
A1 - Labott, Berit K.
A1 - Grässler, Bernhard
A1 - Halfpaap, Nicole
A1 - Langhans, Corinna
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Ammar, Achraf
A1 - Dordevic, Milos
A1 - Hökelmann, Anita
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls
JF - Healthcare : open access journal
N2 - Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
KW - MCI
KW - hippocampal-prefrontal network
KW - handgrip strength
KW - exercise cognition
KW - aging
KW - brain health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020230
SN - 2227-9032
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hassanin, Alshaimaa
A1 - Kliem, Bernhard
A1 - Seehafer, Norbert
A1 - Török, Tibor
T1 - A model of homologous confined and ejective eruptions involving kink instability and flux cancellation
JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2 - In this study, we model a sequence of a confined and a full eruption, employing the relaxed end state of the confined eruption of a kink-unstable flux rope as the initial condition for the ejective one. The full eruption, a model of a coronal mass ejection, develops as a result of converging motions imposed at the photospheric boundary, which drive flux cancellation. In this process, parts of the positive and negative external flux converge toward the polarity inversion line, reconnect, and cancel each other. Flux of the same amount as the canceled flux transfers to a flux rope, increasing the free magnetic energy of the coronal field. With sustained flux cancellation and the associated progressive weakening of the magnetic tension of the overlying flux, we find that a flux reduction of approximate to 11% initiates the torus instability of the flux rope, which leads to a full eruption. These results demonstrate that a homologous full eruption, following a confined one, can be driven by flux cancellation.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac64a9
SN - 2041-8205
SN - 2041-8213
VL - 929
IS - 2
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny
T1 - A multidimensional and analytical perspective on Open Educational Practices in the 21st century
JF - Frontiers in education
N2 - Participatory approaches to teaching and learning are experiencing a new lease on life in the 21st century as a result of the rapid technology development. Knowledge, practices, and tools can be shared across spatial and temporal boundaries in higher education by means of Open Educational Resources, Massive Open Online Courses, and open-source technologies. In this context, the Open Education Movement calls for new didactic approaches that encourage greater learner participation in formal higher education. Based on a representative literature review and focus group research, in this study an analytical framework was developed that enables researchers and practitioners to assess the form of participation in formal, collaborative teaching and learning practices. The analytical framework is focused on the micro-level of higher education, in particular on the interaction between students and lecturers when organizing the curriculum. For this purpose, the research reflects anew on the concept of participation, taking into account existing stage models for participation in the educational context. These are then brought together with the dimensions of teaching and learning processes, such as methods, objectives and content, etc. This paper aims to make a valuable contribution to the opening up of learning and teaching, and expands the discourse around possibilities for interpreting Open Educational Practices.
KW - open education
KW - Open Educational Practices
KW - participation
KW - focus group research
KW - analytical framework for Participatory Educational Practices
KW - teaching and learning process
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.990675
SN - 2504-284X
VL - 7
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jannasch, Franziska
A1 - Nickel, Daniela V.
A1 - Bergmann, Manuela M.
A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1 - A new evidence-based diet score to capture associations of food consumption and chronic disease risk
JF - Nutrients / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2 - Previously, the attempt to compile German dietary guidelines into a diet score was predominantly not successful with regards to preventing chronic diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Current guidelines were supplemented by the latest evidence from systematic reviews and expert papers published between 2010 and 2020 on the prevention potential of food groups on chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. A diet score was developed by scoring the food groups according to a recommended low, moderate or high intake. The relative validity and reliability of the diet score, assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, was investigated. The consideration of current evidence resulted in 10 key food groups being preventive of the chronic diseases of interest. They served as components in the diet score and were scored from 0 to 1 point, depending on their recommended intake, resulting in a maximum of 10 points. Both the reliability (r = 0.53) and relative validity (r = 0.43) were deemed sufficient to consider the diet score as a stable construct in future investigations. This new diet score can be a promising tool to investigate dietary intake in etiological research by concentrating on 10 key dietary determinants with evidence-based prevention potential for chronic diseases.
KW - diet score
KW - dietary guidelines
KW - food groups
KW - chronic disease
KW - type 2
KW - diabetes
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - cancer
KW - prevention
KW - reliability;
KW - validity
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112359
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 14
IS - 11
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voit, Paul
A1 - Heistermann, Maik
T1 - A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales
JF - NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
N2 - Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a “cross-scale weather extremity index” (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum.
Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI.
While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2791-2022
SN - 1684-9981
VL - 22
SP - 2791
EP - 2805
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ET - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühn, Daniela
A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1 - Dahm, Torsten
A1 - Richter, Gudrun
A1 - Vera Rodriguez, Ismael
T1 - A review of source models to further the understanding of the seismicity of the Groningen field
JF - Netherlands journal of geosciences : NJG
N2 - The occurrence of felt earthquakes due to gas production in Groningen has initiated numerous studies and model attempts to understand and quantify induced seismicity in this region. The whole bandwidth of available models spans the range from fully deterministic models to purely empirical and stochastic models. In this article, we summarise the most important model approaches, describing their main achievements and limitations. In addition, we discuss remaining open questions and potential future directions of development.
KW - deterministic
KW - empirical
KW - hybrid
KW - machine learning
KW - seismicity model
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2022.7
SN - 0016-7746
SN - 1573-9708
VL - 101
PB - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seyedhosseini, Mehran
T1 - A variant of Roe algebras for spaces with cylindrical ends with applications in relative higher index theory
JF - Journal of noncommutative geometry
N2 - In this paper, we define a variant of Roe algebras for spaces with cylindrical ends and use this to study questions regarding existence and classification of metrics of positive scalar curvature on such manifolds which are collared on the cylindrical end.
We discuss how our constructions are related to relative higher index theory as developed by Chang, Weinberger, and Yu and use this relationship to define higher rho-invariants for positive scalar curvature metrics on manifolds with boundary.
This paves the way for the classification of these metrics.
Finally, we use the machinery developed here to give a concise proof of a result of Schick and the author, which relates the relative higher index with indices defined in the presence of positive scalar curvature on the boundary.
KW - positive scalar curvature
KW - higher index theory
KW - rho-invariants
KW - Roe algebras
KW - manifolds with cylindrical ends
KW - manifolds with boundary
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4171/JNCG/457
SN - 1661-6952
SN - 1661-6960
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 595
EP - 624
PB - European Mathematical Society
CY - Zurich
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Meyer, André
A1 - Richter, Eric
A1 - Richter, Dirk
T1 - Abschlussbericht zur wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der Werkstatt "Schule leiten"
N2 - Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht umfasst die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“. Bei dieser Werkstatt handelt es sich um ein 18-monatiges Fortbildungsangebot für Schulleitungen, das durch die Deutsche Schulakademie konzipiert und in Kooperation mit dem saarländischen Kultusministerium für Bildung und Kultur sowie dem saarländischen Landesinstitut für Pädagogik und Medien durchgeführt wurde. Im Zeitraum 2016–2020 absolvierten jeweils zwei Personen des Schulleitungsteams allgemeinbildender Schulen erstmalig in insgesamt drei Durchgängen verschiedene Angebote der Werkstatt. Weiterhin erhielten die Teilnehmenden die Aufgaben, im Zuge ihres Fortbildungsbesuches ein individuelles Schulentwicklungsprojekt zu planen, zu entwickeln und unter Anleitung der Werkstatt in der Schule zu implementieren. Zur Überprüfung der wahrgenommenen Qualität sowie der Wirksamkeit des Fortbildungsangebotes wurde die Universität Potsdam, Arbeitsbereich Prof. Dr. Dirk Richter, beauftragt. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert die Evaluationsergebnisse der Durchgänge 2 und 3.
Im Zentrum der Evaluation stehen die folgenden Forschungsfragen: (1) Wie beurteilen die Teilnehmenden die Qualität der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“? (2) Inwiefern hat die Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ dazu beigetragen, die Leitungskompetenzen (u.a. Einstellungen und Führungshandeln) der Teilnehmenden zu stärken? sowie (3) Wie haben sich schulische Strukturen und Prozesse zur Förderung von Schulentwicklung in den teilnehmenden Schulen durch die Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ verändert? Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen wurden eine Reihe schriftlicher Befragungen mit den teilnehmenden Schulleitungen sowie den Lehrkräften der teilnehmenden Schulen durchgeführt. Diese Befragungen erfolgten sowohl begleitend zum Fortbildungsprogramm (nach Absolvieren der einzelnen Angebote) sowie in einem Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen Begleitstudie verschiedene Personen (Schulleitung, Mitglieder des Schulleitungsteams, Lehrkräfte) von insgesamt fünf Schulen über drei Zeitpunkte dazu befragt, wie die Planung, Entwicklung und Implementation der Schulentwicklungsprojekte erfolgten.
Die Befunde der Evaluation deuten insgesamt darauf hin, dass die Qualität der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ als Gesamtprogramm sowie die einzelnen Angebote der Werkstatt sehr positiv bewertet werden. Dabei nehmen die Teilnehmenden von Durchgang 2 die Werkstatt in einer Reihe von Merkmalen positiver wahr als die Teilnehmenden von Durchgang 3. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass sich bestimmte Facetten des Führungshandelns der Teilnehmenden im zeitlichen Verlauf positiv verändert haben. Hierfür existieren Hinweise sowohl aus Perspektive der Teilnehmenden selbst als auch aus Perspektive der Lehrkräfte ihrer Schulen. Motivationale Merkmale der Teilnehmenden sowie Aspekte des Führungshandelns, die sich auf Tätigkeiten zur Unterstützung der innerschulischen Kooperation beziehen, bleiben aus Perspektive der Teilnehmenden hingegen weitestgehend konstant. Hinsichtlich der Veränderungen schulischer Strukturen zur Schulentwicklung deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine positive Entwicklung der wahrgenommenen Offenheit gegenüber Kooperation im Kollegium aus Perspektive der Lehrkräfte hin. Die Befunde der qualitativen Begleitstudie liefern weitere Informationen über die wahrgenommene Qualität der Werkstatt sowie über Veränderungen aufseiten der Teilnehmenden und der schulischen Strukturen.
KW - Schulleitungen
KW - Forbildung
KW - Evaluation
KW - Schulentwicklung
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548869
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Guggenberger, Tobias
A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Absence of stationary states and non-Boltzmann distributions of fractional Brownian motion in shallow external potentials
JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2 - We study the diffusive motion of a particle in a subharmonic potential of the form U(x) = |x|( c ) (0 < c < 2) driven by long-range correlated, stationary fractional Gaussian noise xi ( alpha )(t) with 0 < alpha <= 2. In the absence of the potential the particle exhibits free fractional Brownian motion with anomalous diffusion exponent alpha. While for an harmonic external potential the dynamics converges to a Gaussian stationary state, from extensive numerical analysis we here demonstrate that stationary states for shallower than harmonic potentials exist only as long as the relation c > 2(1 - 1/alpha) holds. We analyse the motion in terms of the mean squared displacement and (when it exists) the stationary probability density function. Moreover we discuss analogies of non-stationarity of Levy flights in shallow external potentials.
KW - diffusion
KW - Boltzmann distribution
KW - fractional Brownian motion
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7b3c
SN - 1367-2630
VL - 24
IS - 7
PB - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY - [Bad Honnef]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Göldel, Julia Marlen
A1 - Kamrath, Clemens
A1 - Minden, Kirsten
A1 - Wiegand, Susanna
A1 - Lanzinger, Stefanie
A1 - Sengler, Claudia
A1 - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann
A1 - Holl, Reinhard
A1 - Tittel, Sascha René
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Access to Healthcare for Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Results from the KICK-COVID Study in Germany
JF - Children
N2 - This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
KW - chronic health condition
KW - children and adolescents
KW - health care
KW - COVID-19 pandemic
KW - diabetes
KW - rheumatic diseases
KW - obesity
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010010
SN - 2227-9067
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 1
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lachmair, Martin
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Gerjets, Peter
T1 - Action-control mappings of interfaces in virtual reality: a study of embodied interaction
JF - Frontiers in virtual reality
N2 - The development of interface technologies is driven by the goal of making interaction more positive through natural action-control mappings.
In Virtual Reality (VR), the entire body is potentially involved for interaction, using such mappings with a maximum of degrees of freedom. The downside is the increase in interaction complexity, which can dramatically influence interface design.
A cognitive perspective on detailed aspects of interaction patterns is lacking in common interface design guidelines, although it can be helpful to make this complexity controllable and, thus, make interaction behavior predictable.
In the present study, the distinction between grounding, embodiment, and situatedness (the GES framework) is applied to organize aspects of interactions and to compare them with each other.
In two experiments, zooming into or out of emotional pictures through changes of arm span was examined in VR. There are qualitatively different aspects during such an interaction: i) perceptual aspects caused by zooming are fundamental for human behavior (Grounding: closer objects appear bigger) and ii) aspects of gestures correspond to the physical characteristics of the agents (Embodiment: little distance of hands signals little or, in contrast, "creating more detail").
The GES-framework sets aspects of Grounding against aspects of Embodiment, thus allowing to predict human behavior regarding these qualitatively different aspects.
For the zooming procedure, the study shows that Grounding can overrule Embodiment in interaction design.
Thus, we propose GES as a cognitive framework that can help to inform interaction guidelines for user interface design in VR.
KW - embodied interaction
KW - grounded cognition
KW - virtual reality
KW - action-control mapping
KW - zooming
KW - valence
KW - user interface
KW - embodiment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.976849
SN - 2673-4192
VL - 3
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krause, Hannes-Vincent
A1 - Große Deters, Fenne
A1 - Baumann, Annika
A1 - Krasnova, Hanna
T1 - Active social media use and its impact on well-being
BT - an experimental study on the effects of posting pictures on Instagram
JF - Journal of computer-mediated communication : a journal of the International Communication Association
N2 - Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established hypothesis is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with considerable heterogeneity among existing studies on the hypothesis and causal evidence still limited, a final verdict on its robustness is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long randomized control trial with N = 381 adult Instagram users recruited via Prolific. Specifically, we tested how active SNS use, operationalized as picture postings on Instagram, affects different dimensions of well-being. The results depicted a positive effect on users' positive affect but null findings for other well-being outcomes. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs.
Lay Summary Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established assumption is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with great diversity among conducted studies on the hypothesis and a lack of causal evidence, a final verdict on its viability is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long experimental investigation with 381 adult Instagram users. Specifically, we tested how posting pictures on Instagram affects different aspects of well-being. The results of this study depicted a positive effect of posting Instagram pictures on users' experienced positive emotions but no effects on other aspects of well-being. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs on users.
KW - social networking sites
KW - social media
KW - Instagram
KW - well-being
KW - experiment
KW - randomized control trial
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac037
SN - 1083-6101
VL - 28
IS - 1
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wutzler, Bianca
A1 - Hudson, Paul
A1 - Thieken, Annegret
T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF - Frontiers in water
N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW - risk management
KW - climate change adaptation
KW - floods
KW - disaster risk
KW - reduction
KW - Germany
KW - precaution
KW - emergency management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN - 2624-9375
VL - 4
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wutzler, Bianca
A1 - Hudson, Paul
A1 - Thieken, Annegret
T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany
JF - Frontiers in Water
N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
KW - risk management
KW - climate change adaptation
KW - floods
KW - disaster risk reduction
KW - Germany
KW - precaution
KW - emergency management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061
SN - 2624-9375
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prieske, Olaf
A1 - Chaabene, Helmi
A1 - Moran, Jason
A1 - Saeterbakken, Atle Hole
T1 - Adaptations to Advanced Resistance Training Strategies in Youth and Adult Athletes
JF - Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation
KW - strength training
KW - sportsmen
KW - mechanisms
KW - chronic effects
KW - acute effects
KW - applied physiology
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888118
SN - 1664-042X
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Foong, Adrian
A1 - Pradhan, Prajal
A1 - Frör, Oliver
A1 - Kropp, Jürgen P.
T1 - Adjusting agricultural emissions for trade matters for climate change mitigation
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in food systems is becoming more challenging as food is increasingly consumed away from producer regions, highlighting the need to consider emissions embodied in trade in agricultural emissions accounting.
To address this, our study explores recent trends in trade-adjusted agricultural emissions of food items at the global, regional, and national levels.
We find that emissions are largely dependent on a country’s consumption patterns and their agricultural emission intensities relative to their trading partners’.
The absolute differences between the production-based and trade-adjusted emissions accounting approaches are especially apparent for major agricultural exporters and importers and where large shares of emission-intensive items such as ruminant meat, milk products and rice are involved.
In relative terms, some low-income and emerging and developing economies with consumption of high emission intensity food products show large differences between approaches.
Similar trends are also found under various specifications that account for trade and re-exports differently.
These findings could serve as an important element towards constructing national emissions reduction targets that consider trading partners, leading to more effective emissions reductions overall.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30607-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Neumann, Daniel
A1 - Tiberius, Victor
A1 - Biendarra, Florin
T1 - Adopting wearables to customize health insurance contributions
BT - a ranking-type Delphi
JF - BMC medical informatics and decision making
N2 - Background
Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice.
Objective
This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance.
Methods
To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers.
Results
The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately.
Conclusion
A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users’ privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.
KW - Delphi study
KW - Health insurance
KW - Wearable electronic device
KW - Wearable technology
KW - Internet of Things
KW - Barriers
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01851-4
SN - 1472-6947
VL - 22
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zuhr, Alexandra M.
A1 - Dolman, Andrew M.
A1 - Ho, Sze Ling
A1 - Groeneveld, Jeroen
A1 - Loewemark, Ludvig
A1 - Grotheer, Hendrik
A1 - Su, Chih-Chieh
A1 - Laepple, Thomas
T1 - Age-heterogeneity in marine sediments revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution radiocarbon measurements
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2 - Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from.
However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions.
To shed light on
1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty,
2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and
3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle.
Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( similar to 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 x 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth.
Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met.
Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples.
We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.
KW - paleoceanography
KW - radiocarbon
KW - age-heterogeneity
KW - marine sediments
KW - planktonic foraminifera
KW - bioturbation
KW - agemodeling
KW - South China Sea
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.871902
SN - 2296-6463
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Menze, Inga
A1 - Müller, Patrick
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
A1 - Schmicker, Marlen
T1 - Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Nature portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Nguyen, Huyen Evelyn
T1 - Agilität und Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung
T1 - Agility and leader-member-exchange in public administration
N2 - Zunehmend komplexe Herausforderungen und Aufgaben lassen sich nicht mehr mit den bisherigen Strukturen, Methoden und Prozessen der klassischen Verwaltung bewältigen. Vielmehr gewinnen Ansätze und Methoden des New Work im öffentlichen Sektor angesichts der sich stetig ändernden und dynamischen Arbeitswelt eine immer größere Bedeutung. Umso mehr besteht die Notwendigkeit, sich in der Verwaltung agil aufzustellen. Unter Agilität wird hierbei die Fähigkeit einer Organisation verstanden, sich schnell verändernden Rahmenbedingungen flexibel und dynamisch anzupassen.
Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht der Einfluss von Agilität auf die Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung. Mittels einer halbstandardisierten Online-Befragung im Landesamt für Flüchtlingsangelegenheiten und im Bezirksamt Neukölln von Berlin wird zunächst der vorliegende Agilitätsgrad mit dem Fokus auf agile Organisationsstrukturen, agile Organisationskultur und agile Führung ermittelt und sodann anhand der Qualität der dyadischen Arbeitsbeziehung von Führungskraft und Mitarbeiter (LMX-Qualität) überprüft, inwiefern die agile Arbeitsweise im Vergleich zu einer nicht-agilen Arbeitsumgebung die Beziehung beeinflusst.
Im Ergebnis der Untersuchung zeigt sich, dass ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und der Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung besteht. Es stellt sich in beiden Ämtern ein mäßig bis starker Agilitätsgrad heraus, wobei besonders agile Führungseigenschaften zu den wesentlichen Faktoren zählen, die eine hochqualitative Beziehung begünstigen. Während im Bezirksamt ein Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und hoher LMX-Qualität ermittelt wurde, konnte dieser nicht für die untersuchte Stichprobe des Landesamts festgestellt werden. Dennoch ließ sich in beiden Behörden ein positiver Einfluss von Agilität auf zumindest die Entwicklung einer erfolgreichen Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung erfassen.
N2 - Continuous complex challenges and tasks are no longer solvable with the classic structures and methods of public administration. Rather concepts of New Work are gaining importance due to the dynamic work environment in the public sector. This leads to the necessity of an agile transformation in public administration. Agility in organizations is understood to be the ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions in the work environment.
The following paper focuses on the influence of agility on the Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX). Using a semi-standard online poll, the degree of agility with an emphasis on agile organizational structures, agile organizational culture, and agile leadership is analyzed in the State Office for Refugees Affairs and District Office Neukölln of Berlin. Furthermore, relationships between leaders and subordinates in an agile environment and relationships in a non-agile environment are compared through the lens of the quality of Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX-Quality).
The results show a significant influence of agility on Leader-Member-Exchange. In both Offices a moderate to high degree of agility is found. Particularly, agile leadership characteristics encourage high-quality relationships. Whereas a correlation between agility and high LMX-Quality is identified in the District Office Neukölln, this result could not be observed in the State Office of Refugees Affairs. However, the influence of agility on at least the development of a positive and successful relationship is established in both Offices.
T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 31
KW - Agilität
KW - Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung
KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung
KW - Leader-Member-Exchange
KW - Agile Leadership
KW - Public Administration
KW - Agility
KW - LMX-Theorie
KW - Agile Führung
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565831
SN - 2190-4561
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reeg, Jette
A1 - Strigl, Lea
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
T1 - Agricultural buffer zone thresholds to safeguard functional bee diversity
BT - Insights from a community modeling approach
JF - Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Wild bee species are important pollinators in agricultural landscapes. However, population decline was reported over the last decades and is still ongoing. While agricultural intensification is a major driver of the rapid loss of pollinating species, transition zones between arable fields and forest or grassland patches, i.e., agricultural buffer zones, are frequently mentioned as suitable mitigation measures to support wild bee populations and other pollinator species. Despite the reported general positive effect, it remains unclear which amount of buffer zones is needed to ensure a sustainable and permanent impact for enhancing bee diversity and abundance. To address this question at a pollinator community level, we implemented a process-based, spatially explicit simulation model of functional bee diversity dynamics in an agricultural landscape. More specifically, we introduced a variable amount of agricultural buffer zones (ABZs) at the transition of arable to grassland, or arable to forest patches to analyze the impact on bee functional diversity and functional richness. We focused our study on solitary bees in a typical agricultural area in the Northeast of Germany. Our results showed positive effects with at least 25% of virtually implemented agricultural buffer zones. However, higher amounts of ABZs of at least 75% should be considered to ensure a sufficient increase in Shannon diversity and decrease in quasi-extinction risks. These high amounts of ABZs represent effective conservation measures to safeguard the stability of pollination services provided by solitary bee species. As the model structure can be easily adapted to other mobile species in agricultural landscapes, our community approach offers the chance to compare the effectiveness of conservation measures also for other pollinator communities in future.
KW - agricultural landscape
KW - buffer zones
KW - community model
KW - functional traits
KW - solitary bees
KW - spatially explicit
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8748
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Wiley Online Library
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ET - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ette, Ottmar
ED - Ette, Ottmar
ED - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1 - Alexander von Humboldt im Archiv
BT - die Entstehung eines neuen Humboldt-Bildes aus dem mobilen Blick in vergangene Zukünfte
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2 - Der Aufsatz erschließt die Anfänge, Ergebnisse und Erfolge der editionsphilologischen Arbeit im laufenden Projekt des BBAW-Langzeitvorhabens „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung“ und gibt einen Überblick über die Zukünfte philologischen Arbeitens mit den Methoden der Digital Humanities. Dabei werden auch bibliophile Druckausgaben digitaler Publikationen und die kontinuierliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Figur Alexander von Humboldts in den Blick genommen, was durch zahlreiche Vernetzungen zwischen Institutionen international gefördert und durch kontinuierliche Kooperationen insbesondere durch das neu gegründete Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha erweitert wird. Diskutiert wird die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung der graphischen und visuellen Dimension des Humboldt’schen Archivs, die durch die digitale Aufbereitung des Materials Forscher:innen weltweit miteinander verbindet und neue Forschungskonzepte eröffnet.
N2 - The article opens up the beginnings, results and successes of the philological work on the digital scholarly editions in the current project of the BBAW long-term project “Travelling Humboldt – Science on the Move” and gives an overview of the future of philological methods within the Digital Humanities. It focuses also on bibliophilic print editions of digital publications and the ongoing public relations work of Alexander von Humboldt’s figure, which is promoted internationally through numerous networks between institutions and expanded through ongoing collaborations, especially through the newly founded Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha. The article discusses the scientific significance of the graphic and visual dimension of Humboldt’s archive, which connects researchers worldwide through the digital realization of the material and gives rise to new research concepts.
N2 - El artículo expone los inicios, resultados y éxitos del trabajo filológico de edición en el proyecto actual de la BBAW “Humboldt Viajero – Ciencia en movimiento“. En ese contexto ofrece una visión general del futuro del trabajo filológico con los métodos de las Humanidades Digitales. También se prestará atención a las ediciones impresas bibliófilas de las publicaciones digitales y a las relaciones públicas de la figura de Alexander von Humboldt, que se promueve internacionalmente a través de numerosas redes entre instituciones y se amplía mediante colaboraciones continuas, especialmente a través del recién fundado Centro Humboldt de Estudios Transdisciplinarios (HCTS) en China/Changsha. Se debatirá la importancia académica de la dimensión gráfica y visual del archivo de Humboldt, que conecta a investigadores de todo el mundo a través del realización digital del material y abre nuevos conceptos de investigación.
KW - edition humboldt digital
KW - edition humboldt print
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592326
SN - 2568-3543
SN - 1617-5239
VL - XXIII
IS - 45
SP - 13
EP - 28
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Korneffel, Peter
ED - Ette, Ottmar
ED - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1 - Alexander von Humboldt postfrisch
BT - die Rezeption des deutschen Naturforschers in der weltweiten Philatelie
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2 - Seit 1950 erschienen weltweit über hundert Briefmarken mit Alexander von Humboldt und/oder seinen grafischen Arbeiten als Motive. Peter Korneffel verarbeitete die komplette Sammlung der Marken aus über 25 Ländern zu dem Buch Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken sowie zu mehreren philatelistischen Ausstellungen und Vorträgen. Der Festvortrag vom 5.9.2019 in Berlin zum offiziellen Erscheinen der Sonderbriefmarke 250. Geburtstag Alexander von Humboldt bildet die Grundlage zu diesem Beitrag. Die Motive, ihre Gestaltung, ihre thematische Kontextualisierung, sowie die Herausgeber und die Zeitpunkte des Erscheinens der jeweiligen Briefmarken dokumentieren eine teils zufällige und teils überraschende Humboldt-Rezeption. Recherchierte Hintergründe zu den Ausgaben und Illustrationen vertiefen hierin eine bislang weitestgehend unbekannte Rezeptionsgeschichte.
N2 - Desde 1950, han aparecido en todo el mundo más de 100 sellos con Alexander von Humboldt y/o sus obras gráficas como motivo. Peter Korneffel procesó la colección completa de sellos de más de 25 países en el libro Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken, así como para varias exposiciones filatélicas y conferencias. La conferencia conmemorativa del 5 de Septiembre 2019 en Berlín con motivo del lanzamiento oficial del sello de emisión especial 250 aniversario de Alexander von Humboldt. Los motivos, su diseño, su contextualización temática, así como los editores y las fechas de emisión de los respectivos sellos documentan una recepción de Humboldt en parte casual y en parte sorprendente. La información de fondo investigada sobre los temas y las ilustraciones proporcionan una mirada en profundidad a una historia hasta ahora muy desconocida de la recepción de Humboldt.
N2 - Since 1950, more than 100 stamps with Alexander von Humboldt and/or his graphic works as motifs have appeared worldwide. Peter Korneffel processed the complete collection of stamps from over 25 countries into the book Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken as well as for several philatelic exhibitions and lectures. The commemorative lecture on 5 September 2019 in Berlin on the occasion of the official release of the special issue stamp 250th Birthday of Alexander von Humboldt. The motifs, their design, their thematic contextualisation, as well as the publishers and the dates of issue of the respective stamps document a partly coincidental and partly surprising Humboldt reception. Researched background information on the issues and illustrations provide an in-depth look at a hitherto largely unknown history of Humboldt's reception.
KW - Philatelie
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589433
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXIII
IS - 44
SP - 59
EP - 82
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schulz-Lüpertz, Eberhard
ED - Ette, Ottmar
ED - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1 - Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen
BT - auf den Spuren eines Helgoland-Briefs
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2 - Die beiden Forschungsreisenden Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen haben sich während der gemeinsamen Studienzeit in Göttingen kennengelernt und sich dort über ihre Arbeiten zur Naturkunde ausgetauscht. Später brach Seetzen, wie Humboldt, zu einer großen Expedition auf, die ihn als ersten Europäer durch das zentrale Afrika führen sollte. Seine Forschungen im Nahen Osten gelten bis heute als Pionierleistungen der Orientalistik. Das Unternehmen fand auf der arabischen Halbinsel ein vorzeitiges, tragisches Ende.
Über die Beziehung der beiden Kommilitonen während ihrer Göttinger Zeit war bislang wenig bekannt. Ein kürzlich entdecktes Brieffragment ermöglicht neue Einblicke. Es erweist sich als eine Abschrift Seetzens aus einem bislang unbekannten Brief des einundzwanzigjährigen Humboldt über dessen Helgolandreise 1790. Im Zusammenhang mit weiteren Quellen kann diese Jugendfreundschaft nun besser bewertet werden.
N2 - Alexander von Humboldt and the Frisian naturalist Ulrich Jasper Seetzen met in 1789 during their studies at the University of Göttingen. They shared common scientific interests in natural history. Later Seetzen, like Humboldt, conducted a multidisciplinary expedition which was meant to encompass the Middle East, Arabia and, as a final destination, central Africa which he intended to traverse as the first European traveller. The expedition came to an abrupt end in Yemen.
This short description of Seetzen’s life and work focuses on his early relation to Humboldt. The paper centers around an investigation of a manuscript written by Seetzen which turns out to be an excerpt of a so far unknown letter by the 21-year-old Humboldt featuring a short observation abstract of his journey to the North Sea island Helgoland in 1790.
N2 - Les deux voyageurs scientifiques Alexandre de Humboldt et Ulrich Jasper Seetzen se sont connus au cours de leurs études universitaires à Goettingen. Ce fut là qu’ils se sont échangés sur la connaissance de la nature. Comme Humboldt, Seetzen partit pour une grande expédition qui devait le conduire, en tant que premier Européen, à l’Afrique centrale. Ses recherches au Proche-Orient sont considérées, aujourd’hui même, comme des travaux pionniers de l’orientalisme. A la péninsule arabe, son entreprise échoua d’une façon tragique.
Peu de chose est connu, jusqu’à présent, de leurs relations pendant leurs études à Goettingen. Le fragment d‘’une lettre récemment découverte nous permet d’en savoir plus. Il s’agit de la copie de la main de Seetzen d’une lettre, inconnue jusqu’à maintenant, du jeune Humboldt âgé de 21 anssur son voyagew à lîle de Helgoland en 1790. A l’aide d’autres sources en plus, l’amitié entre les deux jeunes peut être évalué d’une façon plus précise.
KW - Ulrich Jasper Seetzen
KW - Helgoland
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589870
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXIII
IS - 44
SP - 95
EP - 130
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jonas, Wenke
A1 - Schwerbel, Kristin
A1 - Zellner, Lisa
A1 - Jähnert, Markus
A1 - Gottmann, Pascal
A1 - Schürmann, Annette
T1 - Alterations of lipid profile in livers with impaired lipophagy
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
N2 - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver.
Various mechanisms such as an increased uptake in fatty acids or de novo synthesis contribute to the development of steatosis and progression to more severe stages. Furthermore, it has been shown that impaired lipophagy, the degradation of lipids by autophagic processes, contributes to NAFLD.
Through an unbiased lipidome analysis of mouse livers in a genetic model of impaired lipophagy, we aimed to determine the resulting alterations in the lipidome. Observed changes overlap with those of the human disease.
Overall, the entire lipid content and in particular the triacylglycerol concentration increased under conditions of impaired lipophagy.
In addition, we detected a reduction in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and an increased ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs, which was due to the depletion of n-3 PUFAs.
Although the abundance of major phospholipid classes was reduced, the ratio of phosphatidylcholines to phosphatidylethanolamines was not affected. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that impaired lipophagy contributes to the pathology of NAFLD and is associated with an altered lipid profile.
However, the lipid pattern does not appear to be specific for lipophagic alterations, as it resembles mainly that described in relation to fatty liver disease.
KW - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
KW - lipophagy
KW - lipidomics
KW - fatty acid profile
KW - long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911863
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 23
IS - 19
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bade, Nadine
A1 - Picat, Leo
A1 - Chung, WooJin
A1 - Mascarenhas, Salvador
T1 - Alternatives and attention in language and reasoning: A reply to Mascarenhas & Picat (2019)
JF - Semantics and Pragmatics
N2 - In this paper, we employ an experimental paradigm using insights from the psychology of reasoning to investigate the question whether certain modals generate and draw attention to alternatives. The article extends and builds on the methodology and findings of Mascarenhas & Picat (2019). Based on experimental results, they argue that the English epistemic modal might raises alternatives. We apply the same methodology to the English modal allowed to to test different hypotheses regarding the involvement of alternatives in deontic modality. We find commonalities and differences between the two modals we tested. We discuss theoretical consequences for existing semantic analyses of these modals, and argue that reasoning tasks can serve as a diagnostic tool to discover which natural language expressions involve alternatives.
KW - reasoning
KW - modals
KW - alternatives
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.2
SN - 1937-8912
VL - 15
PB - Linguistic Society of America
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
A1 - Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie
A1 - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra
A1 - Baer, Nadja-Raphaela
A1 - Schenk, Liane
A1 - Anton, Verena
A1 - Bergmann, Manuela M.
T1 - An experimental approach to training interoceptive sensitivity
BT - study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
JF - Nutrition Journal
N2 - Background
Eating in absence of hunger is quite common and often associated with an increased energy intake co-existent with a poorer food choice. Intuitive eating (IE), i.e., eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues, may protect from overeating. IE, however, requires accurate perception and processing of one’s own bodily signals, also referred to as interoceptive sensitivity. Training interoceptive sensitivity might therefore be an effective method to promote IE and prevent overeating. As most studies on eating behavior are conducted in younger adults and close social relationships influence health-related behavior, this study focuses on middle-aged and older couples.
Methods
The present pilot randomized intervention study aims at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a 21-day mindfulness-based training program designed to increase interoceptive sensitivity. A total of N = 60 couples participating in the NutriAct Family Study, aged 50–80 years, will be recruited. This randomized-controlled intervention study comprises three measurement points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, 4-week follow-up) and a 21-day training that consists of daily mindfulness-based guided audio exercises (e.g., body scan). A three-arm intervention study design is applied to compare two intervention groups (training together as a couple vs. training alone) with a control group (no training). Each measurement point includes the assessment of self-reported and objective indicators of interoceptive sensitivity (primary outcome), self-reported indicators of intuitive and maladaptive eating (secondary outcomes), and additional variables. A training evaluation applying focus group discussions will be conducted to assess participants’ overall acceptance of the training and its feasibility.
Discussion
By investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program to increase interoceptive sensitivity, the present study will contribute to a deeper understanding of how to promote healthy eating in older age.
KW - Digital intervention
KW - Older adults
KW - Interoception
KW - Eating behavior
KW - Intuitive eating
KW - Partnership
KW - Mindfulness
KW - Randomized-controlled trial
KW - NutriAct Family Study
KW - Mixed methods
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00827-4
SN - 1475-2891
VL - 21
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoan, Tran Viet
A1 - Richter, Karl-Gerd
A1 - Borsig, Nicolas
A1 - Bauer, Jonas
A1 - Ha, Nguyen Thi
A1 - Norra, Stefan
T1 - An improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary-formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
JF - Hydrology : open access journal
N2 - The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m(3)/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp(2-3)) and the middle Pliocene (n(2)(2)), accounting for 63.7% and 24.6%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp(2-3) and n(2)(2), the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).
KW - groundwater modeling
KW - hydrogeology
KW - aquifers system
KW - water balance;
KW - validation of model
KW - Ca Mau peninsula
KW - Kien Giang
KW - Soc Trang
KW - Hau Giang
KW - Bac Lieu
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9040061
SN - 2306-5338
VL - 9
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arkes, Hal R.
A1 - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1 - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1 - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2 - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study.
EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.
RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
IS - 6
PB - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY - Chicago
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Aktas, Berfin
A1 - Stede, Manfred
T1 - Anaphoric distance in oral and written language
BT - Experimental evidence
JF - Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique
N2 - We investigate the variation in oral and written language in terms of anaphoric distance (i.e., the textual distance between anaphors and their antecedents), expanding corpus-based research with experimental evidence.
Contrastive corpus studies demonstrate that oral genres include longer average anaphoric distance than written genres, if the distance is measured in terms of clauses (Fox, 1987; Aktas & Stede, 2020).
We designed an experiment in order to examine the contrasts in oral and written mediums, using the same genre.
We aim to gain more insight about the impact of the medium, in a situation where both mediums convey a similar level of spontaneity, informality and interactivity. We designed a story continuation study, where the participants are recruited via crowdsourcing.
To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, where anaphoric distance is manipulated systematically in a language production experiment in order to examine medium distinctions.
We observed that participants use more pronouns in oral medium than in written medium if the anaphoric distance is long.
This result is in line with the implications of the earlier corpus-based research. In addition, our results indicate that anaphoric distance has a larger effect in referential choice for the written medium.
KW - anaphora
KW - anaphoric distance
KW - referential choice
KW - production medium
KW - oral
KW - written
KW - story continuation
KW - crowdsourcing
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.12383
SN - 1963-1723
IS - 31
PB - Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Maion Recherche
CY - Paris
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dieterich, Peter
A1 - Lindemann, Otto
A1 - Moskopp, Mats Leif
A1 - Tauzin, Sebastien
A1 - Huttenlocher, Anna
A1 - Klages, Rainer
A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1 - Schwab, Albrecht
T1 - Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2 - Neutrophil granulocytes are essential for the first host defense. After leaving the blood circulation they migrate efficiently towards sites of inflammation. They are guided by chemoattractants released from cells within the inflammatory foci. On a cellular level, directional migration is a consequence of cellular front-rear asymmetry which is induced by the concentration gradient of the chemoattractants. The generation and maintenance of this asymmetry, however, is not yet fully understood. Here we analyzed the paths of chemotacting neutrophils with different stochastic models to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Wildtype chemotacting neutrophils show an anomalous superdiffusive behavior. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause the tempering of temporal correlations and a reduction of chemotaxis. Importantly, such tempering is found both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the maintenance of anomalous dynamics is crucial for chemotactic behavior and the search efficiency of neutrophils.
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric 'memory' of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
KW - neutrophils
KW - chemotaxis
KW - autocorrelation
KW - zebrafish
KW - cell migration
KW - covariance
KW - brownian motion
KW - stochastic processes
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010089
SN - 1553-734X
SN - 1553-7358
VL - 18
IS - 5
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ilicic, Doris
A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1 - Karsten, Ulf
A1 - Zimmermann, Jonas
A1 - Wichard, Thomas
A1 - Quartino, Maria Liliana
A1 - Campana, Gabriela Laura
A1 - Livenets, Alexandra
A1 - Van den Wyngaert, Silke
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.
KW - Antarctica
KW - aquatic fungi
KW - Chytridiomycota
KW - phytoplankton host
KW - salinity gradient
KW - Illumina amplicon sequencing
KW - Carlini Station
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694
SN - 1664-302X
IS - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo
ED - Boltz, Dirk-Mario
ED - Bruhn, Manfred
ED - Gröppel-Klein, Andrea
ED - Hellmann, Kai-Uwe
T1 - Anti-Consumption und Nachhaltigkeit
T2 - Marke, Nachhaltigkeit und Verbraucherpolitik : Die Gewährleistungsmarke im Spannungsfeld zwischen Unternehmen, Konsumenten und Regulierung
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-3-7489-1271-2
SN - 978-3-8487-7261-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748912712-29
SP - 29
EP - 40
PB - Nomos
CY - Baden-Baden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1 - Boden, Cindy
A1 - Maurer, Christoph
A1 - Kentischer, Felix
A1 - Mennig, Eva
A1 - Wagner, Sören
A1 - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1 - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1 - Denkinger, Michael
A1 - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1 - Thomas, Christine
T1 - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF - Frontiers in medicine
N2 - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW - delirium
KW - acute encephalopathy
KW - surgery
KW - anticholinergic
KW - geriatric
KW - postoperative
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hülsenberg, Dagmar
ED - Ette, Ottmar
ED - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1 - Anwendung naturwissenschaftlicher und kameralistischer Erkenntnisse auf die Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen durch den jungen Alexander von Humboldt
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2 - Alexander von Humboldt gehört zu den ersten Fachleuten, die für die sichere Beherrschung technischer und ökonomischer Prozesse gleichzeitig naturwissenschaftliche und kameralistische Kenntnisse anwendeten und dabei weiterentwickelten. Durch die allseitige Betrachtung von Herstellungsvorgängen gelang es ihm, für seine Vorgesetzten gut durchdachte Vorschläge zur Gestaltung der Rohstoffverarbeitung zu formulieren. Nach einigen Fakten aus seinem kameralistischen und hüttenmännischen Studium wird das anhand von Beispielen belegt. Dazu gehören u. a. die Anlage von Gradierwerken, der Einsatz hochwertiger Rohstoffe in der Steingutfertigung, die Anwendung von Komplexrohstoffen zur Glasschmelze, die Auswahl effektiver Wasserräder, die Dimensionierung der Gaskanäle in Porzellanbrennöfen sowie der Einsatz von Flussmitteln für die Roheisenschmelze. Bei der Ausreichung eines königlichen Kredites für die Blaufarbenherstellung zeigte sich der Kameralist.
N2 - Alexander von Humboldt was one of the first experts to apply simultaneously scientific and fiscal (cameralistic) knowledge for mastering and developing technological and economic processes. Based on thorough observations of manufacturing processes he wrote reports to his supervisors which included well-founded suggestions for improving the processing of raw materials. This paper provides some facts about Humboldt’s studies in fiscal accounting and metallurgy, and discusses examples which show how he used his expertise for developing technological processes. These examples refer for instance to the installation of walls made of branches and twigs that allow salt water to evaporate, the use of high-quality raw materials for pottery, complex raw materials for glass melting, the choice of the most efficient water wheels, porcelain furnaces with optimal gas channels and the use of fluxing agents for the melt of pig-iron. Similarly, Humboldt revealed his economic acumen by advising on loans from the Crown for cobalt blue manufacturing.
N2 - Alexander von Humboldt fue uno de los primeros expertos en aplicar al mismo tiempo el conocimiento científico y fiscal (cameralismo) para dominar y desarrollar procesos tecnológicos y económicos. Sobre la base de observaciones exhaustivas de los procesos de fabricación, escribió informes a sus supervisores que incluían sugerencias bien fundamentadas para mejorar el procesamiento de las materias primas. Este artículo proporciona algunos datos sobre los estudios de Humboldt en contabilidad fiscal y metalurgia, y analiza ejemplos que muestran cómo utilizó su experiencia para desarrollar procesos tecnológicos. Estos ejemplos se refieren, por ejemplo, a la instalación de torres de graduación salina, el uso de materias primas de alta calidad en la producción cerámica, materias primas complejas para fundir vidrio, la elección de las ruedas hidráulicas más eficientes, el dimensionamiento de los conductos de gas en hornos de porcelana con canales de gas óptimos y el uso de agentes fundentes para la fundición de arrabio. Del mismo modo, Humboldt reveló su perspicacia económica al asesorar sobre préstamos de la Corona para la fabricación de azul cobalto.
KW - Naturwissenschaft
KW - Ökonomie
KW - Rohstoffverarbeitung
KW - Technologie
KW - Komplexität
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589363
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXIII
IS - 44
SP - 33
EP - 57
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hülscher, Julian
A1 - Sobel, Edward
A1 - Kallnik, Niklas
A1 - Hoffmann, J. Elis
A1 - Millar, Ian L.
A1 - Hartmann, Kai
A1 - Bernhardt, Anne
T1 - Apatites record sedimentary provenance change 4-5 myrs before clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine molasse
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2 - Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system.
We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 +/- 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis.
The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction epsilon Nd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at similar to-9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to similar to-9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (0 (with a leftward bias) Levy flights with alpha -> 1 are more efficient.
When increasing the initial distance of the searcher to the target, Levy flight search (except for alpha=1 with beta=0) is more efficient than the Brownian search. Moreover, the asymmetry in jumps leads to essentially higher efficiency of the Levy search compared to symmetric Levy flights at both short and long distances, and the effect is more pronounced for stable indices alpha close to unity.
KW - asymmetric Levy flights
KW - first-arrival density
KW - search efficiency
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6050260
SN - 2504-3110
VL - 6
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dieter, Heribert
T1 - AUKUS und die strukturellen Veränderungen der sicherheitspolitischen Lage im indo-pazifischen Raum
JF - SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2022-2007
SN - 2510-263X
SN - 2510-2648
VL - 6
IS - 2
SP - 210
EP - 217
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Martin, Angela
T1 - Ausgebeutet, diskriminiert, aber dringend gebraucht
BT - ZwangsarbeiterInnen in Brandenburg während des Nationalsozialismus
JF - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546850
SN - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP - 193
EP - 208
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Asche, Matthias
A1 - Brechenmacher, Thomas
T1 - Auswahlbibliographie zur berlin-brandenburgischen Immigrationsgeschichte
JF - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546899
SN - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP - 251
EP - 262
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Puppe, Daniel
A1 - Leue, Martin
A1 - Sommer, Michael
A1 - Schaller, Jörg
A1 - Kaczorek, Danuta
T1 - Auto-fluorescence in phytoliths
BT - a mechanistic understanding derived from microscopic and spectroscopic analyses
JF - Frontiers in Environmental Science
N2 - The detection of auto-fluorescence in phytogenic, hydrated amorphous silica depositions (phytoliths) has been found to be a promising approach to verify if phytoliths were burnt or not, especially in archaeological contexts. However, it is unknown so far at what temperature and how auto-fluorescence is induced in phytoliths. We used fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze auto-fluorescence in modern phytoliths extracted from plant samples or in intact leaves of winter wheat. Leaves and extracted phytoliths were heated at different temperatures up to 600 degrees C. The aims of our experiments were i) to find out what temperature is needed to induce auto-fluorescence in phytoliths, ii) to detect temperature-dependent changes in the molecular structure of phytoliths related to auto-fluorescence, and iii) to derive a mechanistic understanding of auto-fluorescence in phytoliths. We found organic compounds associated with phytoliths to cause auto-fluorescence in phytoliths treated at temperatures below approx. 400 degrees C. In phytoliths treated at higher temperatures, i.e., 450 and 600 degrees C, phytolith auto-fluorescence was mainly caused by molecular changes of phytolith silica. Based on our results we propose that auto-fluorescence in phytoliths is caused by clusterization-triggered emissions, which are caused by overlapping electron clouds forming non-conventional chromophores. In phytoliths heated at temperatures above about 400 degrees C dihydroxylation and the formation of siloxanes result in oxygen clusters that serve as non-conventional chromophores in fluorescence events. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analyses revealed that extractable phytoliths were dominated by lumen phytoliths (62%) compared to cell wall phytoliths (38%). Our findings might be not only relevant in archaeological phytolith-based examinations, but also for studies on the temperature-dependent release of silicon from phytoliths and the potential of long-term carbon sequestration in phytoliths.
KW - fluorescence microscopy
KW - FTIR spectroscopy
KW - SEM-EDX
KW - burnt phytoliths;
KW - carbon sequestration
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.915947
SN - 2296-665X
VL - 10
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dämpfling, Helge L. C.
A1 - Mielke, Christian
A1 - Koellner, Nicole
A1 - Lorenz, Melanie
A1 - Rogass, Christian
A1 - Altenberger, Uwe
A1 - Harlov, Daniel E.
A1 - Knoper, Michael
T1 - Automatic element and mineral detection in thin sections using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy (HyperTIM)
JF - European journal of mineralogy
N2 - In this study we present a novel method for the automatic detection of minerals and elements using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy measurements of complete thin sections (HyperTIM).
This is accomplished by using a hyperspectral camera system that operates in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) range with a specifically designed sample holder, scanning setup, and a microscope lens.
We utilize this method on a monazite ore thin section from Steenkampskraal (South Africa), which we analyzed for the rare earth element (REE)-bearing mineral monazite ((Ce,Nd,La)PO4), with high concentrations of Nd. The transmittance analyses with the hyperspectral VNIR camera can be used to identify REE minerals and Nd in thin sections.
We propose a three-point band depth index, the Nd feature depth index (NdFD), and its related product the Nd band depth index (NdBDI), which enables automatic mineral detection and classification for the Nd-bearing monazites in thin sections. In combination with the average concentration of the relative Nd content, it permits a destruction-free, total concentration calculation for Nd across the entire thin section.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-275-2022
SN - 0935-1221
SN - 1617-4011
VL - 34
IS - 3
SP - 275
EP - 284
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Esmaeilishirazifard, Elham
A1 - Usher, Louise
A1 - Trim, Carol
A1 - Denise, Hubert
A1 - Sangal, Vartul
A1 - Tyson, Gregory H.
A1 - Barlow, Axel
A1 - Redway, Keith F.
A1 - Taylor, John D.
A1 - Kremyda-Vlachou, Myrto
A1 - Davies, Sam
A1 - Loftus, Teresa D.
A1 - Lock, Mikaella M. G.
A1 - Wright, Kstir
A1 - Dalby, Andrew
A1 - Snyder, Lori A. S.
A1 - Wuster, Wolfgang
A1 - Trim, Steve
A1 - Moschos, Sterghios A.
T1 - Bacterial adaptation to venom in snakes and arachnida
JF - Microbiology spectrum
N2 - Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation.
Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal species and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity.
Our findings challenge the dogma of venom sterility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of venomous animal bite wounds. IMPORTANCE Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Here, we provide evidence on venom microbiota across snakes and arachnida and report on the convergent evolution mechanisms that can facilitate adaptation to black-necked cobra venom in two independent E. faecalis strains, easily misidentified by biochemical diagnostics.
Therefore, since inoculation with viable and virulence gene-harboring bacteria can occur during envenomation, acute infection risk management following envenomation is warranted, particularly for immunocompromised and malnourished victims in resource-limited settings.
These results shed light on how bacteria evolve for survival in one of the most extreme environments on Earth and how venomous bites must be also treated for infections.
KW - drug resistance evolution
KW - extremophiles
KW - genome analysis
KW - microbiome
KW - multidrug resistance
KW - venom
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21
SN - 2165-0497
VL - 10
IS - 3
PB - American Society for Microbiology
CY - Birmingham, Ala.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ilicic, Doris
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - Basal parasitic fungi in marine food webs-a mystery yet to unravel
JF - Journal of Fungi
N2 - Although aquatic and parasitic fungi have been well known for more than 100 years, they have only recently received increased awareness due to their key roles in microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles. There is growing evidence indicating that fungi inhabit a wide range of marine habitats, from the deep sea all the way to surface waters, and recent advances in molecular tools, in particular metagenome approaches, reveal that their diversity is much greater and their ecological roles more important than previously considered. Parasitism constitutes one of the most widespread ecological interactions in nature, occurring in almost all environments. Despite that, the diversity of fungal parasites, their ecological functions, and, in particular their interactions with other microorganisms remain largely speculative, unexplored and are often missing from current theoretical concepts in marine ecology and biogeochemistry. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research avenues on parasitic fungi and their ecological potential in marine ecosystems, e.g., the fungal shunt, and emphasize the need for further research.
KW - basal fungi
KW - parasites
KW - Chytridiomycota
KW - Rozellomycota
KW - food web
KW - biological carbon pump
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020114
SN - 2309-608X
VL - 8
IS - 2
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
T1 - Basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in major depressive disorder
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry - Mood Disorders
N2 - Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies individuals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical samples; yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical samples. Survey data were compared between adult individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 115; 48.69% female; 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison sample (n = 201; 53.23% female; 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). Individuals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
KW - basic need satisfaction and frustration
KW - depressive symptoms
KW - clinical sample
KW - need profiles
KW - social environment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962501
SN - 1664-0640
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Frontiers Media S.A.
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seckler, Henrik
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion
JF - Nature Communnications
N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusionmodel and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a wellcalibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.
KW - random-walk
KW - models
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
PB - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seckler, Henrik
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusion model and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a well-calibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.
Diffusive motions in complex environments such as living biological cells or soft matter systems can be analyzed with single-particle-tracking approaches, where accuracy of output may vary. The authors involve a machine-learning technique for decoding anomalous-diffusion data and provide an uncertainty estimate together with predicted output.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - da Silva Costa, Andreia Abud
A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor
A1 - den Otter, Rob
A1 - Sawers, Andrew
A1 - Moraes, Renato
T1 - Beam width and arm position but not cognitive task affect walking balance in older adults
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Detection of changes in dynamic balance could help identify older adults at fall risk. Walking on a narrow beam with its width, cognitive load, and arm position manipulated could be an alternative to current tests. Therefore, we examined additive and interactive effects of beam width, cognitive task (CT), and arm position on dynamic balance during beam walking in older adults. Twenty older adults (69 +/- 4y) walked on 6, 8, and 10-cm wide beams (2-cm high, 4-m-long), with and without CT, with three arm positions (free, crossed, akimbo). We determined cognitive errors, distance walked, step speed, root mean square (RMS) of center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk acceleration in the frontal plane. Beam width decrease progressively reduced distance walked and increased trunk acceleration RMS. Step speed decreased on the narrowest beam and with CT. Arm crossing decreased distance walked and step speed. COM displacement RMS and cognitive errors were not affected by any manipulation. In conclusion, distance walked indicated that beam width and arm position, but less so CT, affected dynamic balance, implying that beam walking has the potential to become a test of fall risk. Stability measurements suggested effective trunk adjustments to control COM position and keep dynamic balance during the task.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10848-y
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Nature Research
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Günther, Claudia-Susanne
A1 - Reitz-Koncebovski, Karen
A1 - Klöpping, Peter M.
T1 - Begegnungen mit Mathematik
BT - Reflexion der persönlichen mathematischen Bildungsbiografie im Lehramtsstudium
JF - Professionalisierung in Praxisphasen : Ergebnisse der Lehrerbildungsforschung an der Universität Potsdam (Potsdamer Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 2)
N2 - Die Reflexion der eigenen mathematischen Bildungsbiografie angehender Mathematiklehrkräfte bietet eine bisher wenig beachtete, aber lohnende Perspektive auf ihre zukünftige Lehrtätigkeit. Insbesondere bei negativen Vorerfahrungen mit Mathematik bietet die biografische Reflexion eine Gelegenheit zur Aufarbeitung. An der Universität Potsdam wurde deshalb für Studierende des Mathematiklehramts für die Primar- und die Sekundarstufe ein freiwilliges Angebot zur Beschäftigung mit der mathematischen Bildungsbiografie geschaffen. Seit dem Wintersemester 2018/19 ist dieses Angebot in das Fachdidaktische Tagespraktikum integriert. Dieser Artikel stellt den theoretischen und methodischen Hintergrund des Workshops dar. Zudem werden erste Ergebnisse einer begleitenden Untersuchung unter den Workshopteilnehmenden vorgestellt.
N2 - The reflection of one’s own ‘mathematical biography’ offers a noteworthy perspective for pre-service teachers on their prospective teaching practice. Autobiographical reflection provides an opportunity to recollect, reprocess and maybe reappraise prior and in particular negatively perceived experience. For this reason, a voluntary workshop was designed at the University of Potsdam for students of primary and secondary education in mathematics to take a closer look at their mathematical biography. The workshop has been held as part of the Fachdidaktisches Praktikum – one of the first teaching internships at a school for students in their teacher training – since the winter semester 2018/19. This article aims at presenting the theoretical and methodological background of the workshop. It also presents first findings of an accompanying survey among workshop participants.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570755
SN - 978-3-86956-508-8
SN - 2626-3556
SN - 2626-4722
IS - 2
SP - 123
EP - 143
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Parry, Victor
A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
T1 - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator
BT - A Case Study of Rotifera
JF - Biology
N2 - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW - animal behaviour
KW - transgenerational response
KW - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW - video analysis
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN - 2079-7737
VL - 11
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Parry, Victor
A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
T1 - Behavioural responses of defended and undefended prey to their predator
BT - a case study of rotifera
JF - Biology : open access journal
N2 - Many animals that have to cope with predation have evolved mechanisms to reduce their predation risk. One of these mechanisms is change in morphology, for example, the development of spines. These spines are induced, when mothers receive chemical signals of a predator (kairomones) and their daughters are then equipped with defensive spines. We studied the behaviour of a prey and its predator when the prey is either defended or undefended. We used common aquatic micro-invertebrates, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus (prey) and Asplanchna brightwellii (predator) as experimental animals. We found that undefended prey increased its swimming speed in the presence of the predator. The striking result was that the defended prey did not respond to the predator's presence. This suggests that defended prey has a different response behaviour to a predator than undefended conspecifics. Our study provides further insights into complex zooplankton predator-prey interactions. Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status.
KW - animal behaviour
KW - transgenerational response
KW - Brachionus calyciflorus
KW - Asplanchna brightwellii
KW - video analysis
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217
SN - 2079-7737
VL - 11
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bahl, Peter
T1 - Belastung und Bereicherung – Vertriebene in Brandenburg ab 1945
JF - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546864
SN - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP - 209
EP - 223
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Escalante, Ignacio
A1 - Dominguez, Marisol
A1 - Gomez-Ruiz, Daisy Alejandra
A1 - Machado, Glauco
T1 - Benefits and costs of mixed-species aggregations in Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones)
JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
N2 - Many animals form aggregations with individuals of the same species (single-species aggregations, SSA). Less frequently, individuals may also aggregate with individuals of other species (mixed-species aggregations, MSA). Although the benefits and costs of SSA have been intensively studied, the same is not true for MSA. Here, we first review the cases of MSA in harvestmen, an arachnid order in which the records of MSA are more frequent than other arthropod orders. We then propose several benefits and costs of MSA in harvestmen, and contrast them with those of SSA. Second, using field-gathered data we describe gregariousness in seven species of Prionostemma harvestmen from Costa Rica. These species form MSA, but individuals are also found solitarily or in SSA. We tested one possible benefit and one possible cost of gregariousness in Prionostemma harvestmen. Regarding the benefit, we hypothesized that individuals missing legs would be more exposed to predation than eight-legged individuals and thus they should be found preferentially in aggregations, where they would be more protected from predators. Our data, however, do not support this hypothesis. Regarding the cost, we hypothesized that gregariousness increases the chances of parasitism. We found no support for this hypothesis either because both mite prevalence and infestation intensity did not differ between solitary or aggregated individuals. Additionally, the type of aggregation (SSA or MSA) was not associated with the benefit or the cost we explored. This lack of effect may be explained by the fluid membership of the aggregations, as we found high turnover over time in the number of individuals and species composition of the aggregations. In conclusion, we hope our review and empirical data stimulate further studies on MSA, which remains one of the most elusive forms of group living in animals.
KW - alarm signals
KW - aggregation size
KW - autotomy
KW - chemical defenses
KW - dilution
KW - effect
KW - ectoparasitism
KW - group living
KW - roosting site
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.766323
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gericke, Christian
A1 - Soemer, Alexander
A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich
T1 - Benefits of Mind Wandering for Learning in School Through Its Positive Effects on Creativity
JF - Frontiers in Education
N2 - There is broad agreement among researchers to view mind wandering as an obstacle to learning because it draws attention away from learning tasks. Accordingly, empirical findings revealed negative correlations between the frequency of mind wandering during learning and various kinds of learning outcomes (e.g., text retention). However, a few studies have indicated positive effects of mind wandering on creativity in real-world learning environments. The present article reviews these studies and highlights potential benefits of mind wandering for learning mediated through creative processes. Furthermore, we propose various ways to promote useful mind wandering and, at the same time, minimize its negative impact on learning.
KW - mind wandering
KW - creativity
KW - divergent thinking
KW - incubation effect
KW - school learning
KW - creative problem solving
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.774731
SN - 2504-284X
VL - 7
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yang, Jingdan
A1 - Kim, Jae-Hyun
A1 - Tuomainen, Outi
A1 - Rattanasone, Nan Xu
T1 - Bilingual Mandarin-English preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills and contributing factors
BT - A remote online story-retell study
JF - Frontiers in Psyhology
N2 - This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
KW - narrative skills
KW - Mandarin-English bilinguals
KW - preschoolers
KW - macrostructure
KW - microstructure
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797602
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nagakura, Toshiki
A1 - Schubert, Florian
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Kallmeyer, Jens
T1 - Biological sulfate reduction in deep subseafloor sediment of Guaymas Basin
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
N2 - Sulfate reduction is the quantitatively most important process to degrade organic matter in anoxic marine sediment and has been studied intensively in a variety of settings. Guaymas Basin, a young marginal ocean basin, offers the unique opportunity to study sulfate reduction in an environment characterized by organic-rich sediment, high sedimentation rates, and high geothermal gradients (100-958 degrees C km(-1)). We measured sulfate reduction rates (SRR) in samples taken during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 385 using incubation experiments with radiolabeled (SO42-)-S-35 carried out at in situ pressure and temperature. The highest SRR (387 nmol cm(-3) d(-1)) was recorded in near-surface sediments from Site U1548C, which had the steepest geothermal gradient (958 degrees C km(-1)). At this site, SRR were generally over an order of magnitude higher than at similar depths at other sites (e.g., 387-157 nmol cm(-3) d(-1) at 1.9 mbsf from Site U1548C vs. 46-1.0 nmol cm(-3) d(-1) at 2.1 mbsf from Site U1552B). Site U1546D is characterized by a sill intrusion, but it had already reached thermal equilibrium and SRR were in the same range as nearby Site U1545C, which is minimally affected by sills. The wide temperature range observed at each drill site suggests major shifts in microbial community composition with very different temperature optima but awaits confirmation by molecular biological analyses. At the transition between the mesophilic and thermophilic range around 40 degrees C-60 degrees C, sulfate-reducing activity appears to be decreased, particularly in more oligotrophic settings, but shows a slight recovery at higher temperatures.
KW - sulfate reduction
KW - subsurface life
KW - deep biosphere
KW - thermophiles;
KW - Guaymas Basin
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.845250
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lehmann, Nico
A1 - Kuhn, Yves-Alain
A1 - Keller, Martin
A1 - Aye, Norman
A1 - Herold, Fabian
A1 - Draganski, Bogdan
A1 - Taube, Wolfgang
A1 - Taubert, Marco
T1 - Brain activation during active balancing and its behavioral relevance in younger and older adults
BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
JF - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
N2 - Age-related deterioration of balance control is widely regarded as an important phenomenon influencing quality of life and longevity, such that a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process is warranted.
Specifically, previous studies have reported that older adults typically show higher neural activity during balancing as compared to younger counterparts, but the implications of this finding on balance performance remain largely unclear.
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), differences in the cortical control of balance between healthy younger (n = 27) and older (n = 35) adults were explored.
More specifically, the association between cortical functional activity and balance performance across and within age groups was investigated. To this end, we measured hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) while participants balanced on an unstable device.
As criterion variables for brain-behavior-correlations, we also assessed postural sway while standing on a free-swinging platform and while balancing on wobble boards with different levels of difficulty.
We found that older compared to younger participants had higher activity in prefrontal and lower activity in postcentral regions.
Subsequent robust regression analyses revealed that lower prefrontal brain activity was related to improved balance performance across age groups, indicating that higher activity of the prefrontal cortex during balancing reflects neural inefficiency.
We also present evidence supporting that age serves as a moderator in the relationship between brain activity and balance, i.e., cortical hemodynamics generally appears to be a more important predictor of balance performance in the older than in the younger. Strikingly, we found that age differences in balance performance are mediated by balancing-induced activation of the superior frontal gyrus, thus suggesting that differential activation of this region reflects a mechanism involved in the aging process of the neural control of balance.
Our study suggests that differences in functional brain activity between age groups are not a mere by-product of aging, but instead of direct behavioral relevance for balance performance.
Potential implications of these findings in terms of early detection of fall-prone individuals and intervention strategies targeting balance and healthy aging are discussed.
KW - aging
KW - neuroimaging
KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
KW - balance
KW - postural control
KW - prefrontal cortex
KW - neural inefficiency
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.828474
SN - 1663-4365
VL - 14
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Asche, Matthias
A1 - Brechenmacher, Thomas
T1 - Brandenburg und die Migration – thematische Einführung und chronologische Übersicht
JF - Hier geblieben? Brandenburg als Einwanderungsland vom Mittelalter bis heute
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546516
SN - 978-3-86956-506-4
SP - 11
EP - 34
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Apel, Heiko
A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1 - Merz, Bruno
T1 - Brief communication: impact forecasting could substantially improve the emergency management of deadly floods: case study July 2021 floods in Germany
JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences
N2 - Floods affect more people than any other natural hazard; thus flood warning and disaster management are of utmost importance.
However, the operational hydrological forecasts do not provide information about affected areas and impact but only discharge and water levels at gauges.
We show that a simple hydrodynamic model operating with readily available data is able to provide highly localized information on the expected flood extent and impacts, with simulation times enabling operational flood warning.
We demonstrate that such an impact forecast would have indicated the deadly potential of the 2021 flood in western Germany with sufficient lead time.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3005-2022
SN - 1561-8633
SN - 1684-9981
VL - 22
IS - 9
SP - 3005
EP - 3014
PB - European Geophysical Society
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Irob, Katja
A1 - Blaum, Niels
A1 - Baldauf, Selina
A1 - Kerger, Leon
A1 - Strohbach, Ben
A1 - Kanduvarisa, Angelina
A1 - Lohmann, Dirk
A1 - Tietjen, Britta
T1 - Browsing herbivores improve the state and functioning of savannas
BT - A model assessment of alternative land-use strategies
JF - Ecology and evolution
N2 - Changing climatic conditions and unsustainable land use are major threats to savannas worldwide. Historically, many African savannas were used intensively for livestock grazing, which contributed to widespread patterns of bush encroachment across savanna systems. To reverse bush encroachment, it has been proposed to change the cattle-dominated land use to one dominated by comparatively specialized browsers and usually native herbivores. However, the consequences for ecosystem properties and processes remain largely unclear. We used the ecohydrological, spatially explicit model EcoHyD to assess the impacts of two contrasting, herbivore land-use strategies on a Namibian savanna: grazer- versus browser-dominated herbivore communities. We varied the densities of grazers and browsers and determined the resulting composition and diversity of the plant community, total vegetation cover, soil moisture, and water use by plants. Our results showed that plant types that are less palatable to herbivores were best adapted to grazing or browsing animals in all simulated densities. Also, plant types that had a competitive advantage under limited water availability were among the dominant ones irrespective of land-use scenario. Overall, the results were in line with our expectations: under high grazer densities, we found heavy bush encroachment and the loss of the perennial grass matrix. Importantly, regardless of the density of browsers, grass cover and plant functional diversity were significantly higher in browsing scenarios. Browsing herbivores increased grass cover, and the higher total cover in turn improved water uptake by plants overall. We concluded that, in contrast to grazing-dominated land-use strategies, land-use strategies dominated by browsing herbivores, even at high herbivore densities, sustain diverse vegetation communities with high cover of perennial grasses, resulting in lower erosion risk and bolstering ecosystem services.
KW - browsing
KW - ecohydrology
KW - land use
KW - plant community
KW - savanna
KW - wildlife
KW - management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8715
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 12
IS - 3
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Barcena, Maria Luisa
A1 - Aslam, Muhammad
A1 - Pozdniakova, Sofya
A1 - Norman, Kristina
A1 - Ladilov, Yury
T1 - Cardiovascular inflammaging: mechanisms and translational aspects
JF - Cells
N2 - Aging is one of the major non-reversible risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and it is a key cause of multimorbidity, disability, and frailty (decreased physical activity, fatigue, and weight loss). The underlying cellular mechanisms are complex and consist of multifactorial processes, such as telomere shortening, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of senescent cells, and reduced autophagy. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms and translational aspects of cardiovascular aging-related inflammation, i.e., inflammaging.
KW - cardiac inflammaging
KW - vascular senescence
KW - mitochondrial homeostasis
KW - microbiome
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11061010
SN - 2073-4409
VL - 11
IS - 6
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schaefer, Laura
A1 - Bittmann, Frank
T1 - Case Study: Intra- and Interpersonal Coherence of Muscle and Brain Activity of Two Coupled Persons during Pushing and Holding Isometric Muscle Action
JF - Brain Sciences
N2 - Inter-brain synchronization is primarily investigated during social interactions but had not been examined during coupled muscle action between two persons until now. It was previously shown that mechanical muscle oscillations can develop coherent behavior between two isometrically interacting persons. This case study investigated if inter-brain synchronization appears thereby, and if differences of inter- and intrapersonal muscle and brain coherence exist regarding two different types of isometric muscle action. Electroencephalography (EEG) and mechanomyography/mechanotendography (MMG/MTG) of right elbow extensors were recorded during six fatiguing trials of two coupled isometrically interacting participants (70% MVIC). One partner performed holding and one pushing isometric muscle action (HIMA/PIMA; tasks changed). The wavelet coherence of all signals (EEG, MMG/MTG, force, ACC) were analyzed intra- and interpersonally. The five longest coherence patches in 8–15 Hz and their weighted frequency were compared between real vs. random pairs and between HIMA vs. PIMA. Real vs. random pairs showed significantly higher coherence for intra-muscle, intra-brain, and inter-muscle-brain activity (p < 0.001 to 0.019). Inter-brain coherence was significantly higher for real vs. random pairs for EEG of right and central areas and for sub-regions of EEG left (p = 0.002 to 0.025). Interpersonal muscle-brain synchronization was significantly higher than intrapersonal one, whereby it was significantly higher for HIMA vs. PIMA. These preliminary findings indicate that inter-brain synchronization can arise during muscular interaction. It is hypothesized both partners merge into one oscillating neuromuscular system. The results reinforce the hypothesis that HIMA is characterized by more complex control strategies than PIMA. The pilot study suggests investigating the topic further to verify these results on a larger sample size. Findings could contribute to the basic understanding of motor control and is relevant for functional diagnostics such as the manual muscle test which is applied in several disciplines, e.g., neurology, physiotherapy.
KW - interpersonal muscle action
KW - wavelet coherence
KW - inter-brain synchronization
KW - inter-muscle-brain synchronization
KW - electroencephalography (EEG)
KW - mechanomyography (MMG)
KW - holding isometric muscle action (HIMA)
KW - pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA)
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060703
SN - 2076-3425
VL - 12
PB - MDPI Open Access Publishing
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ET - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex
T1 - Catch the star! Spatial information activates the manual motor system
JF - PLoS ONE
N2 - Previous research demonstrated a close bidirectional relationship between spatial attention and the manual motor system. However, it is unclear whether an explicit hand movement is necessary for this relationship to appear. A novel method with high temporal resolution–bimanual grip force registration–sheds light on this issue. Participants held two grip force sensors while being presented with lateralized stimuli (exogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 1), left- or right-pointing central arrows (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 2), or the words "left" or "right" (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 3). There was an early interaction between the presentation side or arrow direction and grip force: lateralized objects and central arrows led to a larger increase of the ipsilateral force and a smaller increase of the contralateral force. Surprisingly, words led to the opposite pattern: larger force increase in the contralateral hand and smaller force increase in the ipsilateral hand. The effect was stronger and appeared earlier for lateralized objects (60 ms after stimulus presentation) than for arrows (100 ms) or words (250 ms). Thus, processing visuospatial information automatically activates the manual motor system, but the timing and direction of this effect vary depending on the type of stimulus.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262510
SN - 1932-6203
SP - 1
EP - 30
PB - PLOS
CY - San Francisco, California, US
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schloßhauer, Jeffrey
A1 - Cavak, Niño
A1 - Zemella, Anne
A1 - Thoring, Lena
A1 - Kubick, Stefan
T1 - Cell engineering and cultivation of chinese hamster ovary cells for the development of orthogonal eukaryotic cell-free translation systems
JF - Frontiers in molecular biosciences
N2 - The investigation of protein structures, functions and interactions often requires modifications to adapt protein properties to the specific application. Among many possible methods to equip proteins with new chemical groups, the utilization of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs enables the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids at defined positions in the protein. The open nature of cell-free protein synthesis reactions provides an optimal environment, as the orthogonal components do not need to be transported across the cell membrane and the impact on cell viability is negligible. In the present work, it was shown that the expression of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in CHO cells prior to cell disruption enhanced the modification of the pharmaceutically relevant adenosine A2a receptor. For this purpose, in complement to transient transfection of CHO cells, an approach based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology was selected to generate a translationally active cell lysate harboring endogenous orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
KW - orthogonal translation
KW - cell-free protein synthesis
KW - CRISPR
KW - amber suppression
KW - E. coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
KW - M. mazei pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase
KW - membrane protein
KW - C12orf35
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.832379
SN - 2296-889X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ramm, Franziska
A1 - Jack, Lena
A1 - Kaser, Danny
A1 - Schloßhauer, Jeffrey L.
A1 - Zemella, Anne
A1 - Kubick, Stefan
T1 - Cell-Free Systems Enable the Production of AB(5) Toxins for Diagnostic Applications
JF - Toxins
N2 - Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) represents a versatile key technology for the production of toxic proteins. As a cell lysate, rather than viable cells, is used, the toxic effects on the host organism can be circumvented. The open nature of cell-free systems allows for the addition of supplements affecting protein concentration and folding. Here, we present the cell-free synthesis and functional characterization of two AB(5) toxins, namely the cholera toxin (Ctx) and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), using two eukaryotic cell-free systems based on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) cells. Through an iterative optimization procedure, the synthesis of the individual AB(5) toxins was established, and the formation of multimeric structures could be shown by autoradiography. A functional analysis was performed using cell-based assays, thereby demonstrating that the LT complex induced the characteristic cell elongation of target cells after 24 h. The LT complex induced cell death at higher concentrations, starting at an initial concentration of 5 nM. The initial toxic effects of the Ctx multimer could already be detected at 4 nM. The detection and characterization of such AB(5) toxins is of utmost importance, and the monitoring of intracellular trafficking facilitates the further identification of the mechanism of action of these toxins. We showed that the B-subunit of LT (LTB) could be fluorescently labeled using an LTB-Strep fusion protein, which is a proof-of-concept for future Trojan horse applications. Further, we performed a mutational analysis of the CtxA subunit as its template was modified, and an amber stop codon was inserted into CtxA's active site. Subsequently, a non-canonical amino acid was site-specifically incorporated using bio-orthogonal systems. Finally, a fluorescently labeled CtxA protein was produced using copper-catalyzed click reactions as well as a Staudinger ligation. As expected, the modified Ctx multimer no longer induced toxic effects. In our study, we showed that CFPS could be used to study the active centers of toxins by inserting mutations. Additionally, this methodology can be applied for the design of Trojan horses and targeted toxins, as well as enabling the intracellular trafficking of toxins as a prerequisite for the analysis of the toxin's mechanism of action.
KW - cholera toxin
KW - heat-labile enterotoxin
KW - AB(5) toxins
KW - eukaryotic
KW - cell-free systems
KW - orthogonal systems
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040233
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 14
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kretzschmar, Mirjam E.
A1 - Ashby, Ben
A1 - Fearon, Elizabeth
A1 - Overton, Christopher E.
A1 - Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina
A1 - Pellis, Lorenzo
A1 - Quaife, Matthew
A1 - Rozhnova, Ganna
A1 - Scarabel, Francesca
A1 - Stage, Helena B.
A1 - Swallow, Ben
A1 - Thompson, Robin N.
A1 - Tildesley, Michael J.
A1 - Villela, Daniel Campos
T1 - Challenges for modelling interventions for future pandemics
JF - Epidemics
N2 - Mathematical modelling and statistical inference provide a framework to evaluate different non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions for the control of epidemics that has been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, lessons learned from this and previous epidemics are used to highlight the challenges for future pandemic control. We consider the availability and use of data, as well as the need for correct parameterisation and calibration for different model frameworks. We discuss challenges that arise in describing and distinguishing between different interventions, within different modelling structures, and allowing both within and between host dynamics. We also highlight challenges in modelling the health economic and political aspects of interventions. Given the diversity of these challenges, a broad variety of interdisciplinary expertise is needed to address them, combining mathematical knowledge with biological and social insights, and including health economics and communication skills. Addressing these challenges for the future requires strong cross disciplinary collaboration together with close communication between scientists and policy makers.
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Pandemics
KW - Pharmaceutical interventions
KW - Non-pharmaceutical interventions
KW - Policy support
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100546
SN - 1755-4365
SN - 1878-0067
VL - 38
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - König, Alexander
T1 - Change-Prozesse in der öffentlichen Verwaltung – Der Einfluss von direkten Vorgesetzten auf die Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden
T1 - Change processes in public administration - The influence of direct supervisors on the attitudes of employees
BT - eine Literaturanalyse hinsichtlich des Einflusses des Supports durch direkte Vorgesetzte auf die Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden
BT - a literature review regarding the influence of direct supervisor support on the attitudes of employees
N2 - Die öffentliche Verwaltung wird in den nächsten Jahrzehnten große Reformen durchlaufen müssen. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor für das Gelingen von geplanten organisatorischen Veränderungen ist auch im Verwaltungskontext die Einstellung von Mitarbeiter*innen gegenüber diesem Wandel. Hier existieren gerade bei Mitarbeiter*innen ohne Führungsverantwortlichkeit häufig negative Einstellungen gegenüber Veränderungen. Dies wird auch mit dem hohen Stress in diesen Situationen in Verbindung gebracht. Besonders direkte Führungskräfte sind hier eine wichtige Einflussgröße auf die Einstellungen. Die folgende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich dementsprechend mit diesen Einfluss und konzentriert sich dabei auf den Effekt der sozialen Unterstützung dieser Führungskräfte auf die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen, da soziale Unterstützung einen nachgewiesenen mildernden Effekt auf den wahrgenommenen Stress besitzt.
Soziale Unterstützung wird nach der Social-Support-Theorie in die dort identifizierten vier Unter-arten differenziert, namentlich Appraisal, Emotional, Informational und Instrumental Support. Im Rahmen einer Literaturanalyse konnte für zwei der vier Supportarten (Emotional, Informational) ein Einfluss nachgewiesen werden. Auch für die anderen Supportarten bestehen Hinweise auf einen positiven Effekt. Dies weist darauf hin, dass direkte Führungskräfte während Reformen der öffentlichen Verwaltung als Quellen der Unterstützung fungieren und mittels dieser die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen gegenüber Wandel positiv beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus können die Unterschiede der Ergebnisse nach Supportart darauf hinweisen, dass situationsspezifisch ver-schiedene Unterstützung mehr oder weniger relevant ist. Für Führungskräfte in diesem Kontext verweisen die Ergebnisse der Arbeit darauf, dass der unterstützende Kontakt mit direkt Untergebenen in Phasen des Wandels wichtig und die Anforderungen breiter als die reine Anweisung dieser Untergebenen sind.
N2 - Public administration will have to implement major reforms in the coming decades. An important factor influencing the success of planned organizational changes in the administrative context is the attitude of employees towards these changes. Especially employees without management responsibility often have negative attitudes towards change, which can be associated with the high stress in these situations. Direct managers in particular are an important factor influencing these attitudes. The following bachelor thesis deals with this influence and focuses on the effect of the social support of these leaders on employee attitudes regarding change, as social support has a proven mitigating effect on the perceived stress.
According to the social support theory, social support is differentiated into the four subtypes: appraisal, emotional, informational and instrumental support. Within the framework of a literature analysis, an influence could be proven for two out of the four types of support (emotional, informational). There are also indications of a positive effect for the other types of support. This sug-gests that direct managers act as sources of support during public administration reforms and use these to positively influence employees' attitudes towards change. Furthermore, the differences in results by support type may indicate that different types of support are more or less relevant de-pending on the situation. For managers in this context, the resulting research points to the im-portance of supportive contact with direct subordinates in phases of change and that the requirements placed on them are broader than simply instructing these subordinates.
T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 30
KW - Direct Supervisors
KW - Social Support
KW - Change Leadership
KW - Attitudes towards Change
KW - Public Administration
KW - Direkte Vorgesetzte
KW - Sozialer Support
KW - Change Management
KW - Einstellung gegenüber Wandel
KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565713
SN - 2190-4561
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kruse, Marlen
A1 - Altattan, Basma
A1 - Laux, Eva-Maria
A1 - Grasse, Nico
A1 - Heinig, Lars
A1 - Möser, Christin
A1 - Smith, David M.
A1 - Hölzel, Ralph
T1 - Characterization of binding interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and DNA-peptide nanostructures
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Binding interactions of the spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to a peptide fragment derived from the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor are investigated.
The peptide is employed as capture moiety in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and quantitative binding interaction measurements that are based on fluorescence proximity sensing (switchSENSE).
In both techniques, the peptide is presented on an oligovalent DNA nanostructure, in order to assess the impact of mono- versus trivalent binding modes.
As the analyte, the spike protein and several of its subunits are tested as well as inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and pseudo viruses. While binding of the peptide to the full-length spike protein can be observed, the subunits RBD and S1 do not exhibit binding in the employed concentrations.
Variations of the amino acid sequence of the recombinant full-length spike proteins furthermore influence binding behavior. The peptide was coupled to DNA nanostructures that form a geometric complement to the trimeric structure of the spike protein binding sites.
An increase in binding strength for trimeric peptide presentation compared to single peptide presentation could be generally observed in ELISA and was quantified in switchSENSE measurements. Binding to inactivated wild type viruses could be shown as well as qualitatively different binding behavior of the Alpha and Beta variants compared to the wild type virus strain in pseudo virus models.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16914-9
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Welke, Robert-William
A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth
A1 - Bergmann, Ronny
A1 - Koikkarah, Amit
A1 - Menke, Laura
A1 - Sieben, Christian
A1 - Krüger, Detlev H.
A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore
A1 - Herrmann, Andreas
A1 - Schwarzer, Roland
T1 - Characterization of hantavirus N protein intracellular dynamics and localization
JF - Viruses
N2 - Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome.
The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection.
In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe.
We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn.
We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies.
Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other.
Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins.
KW - hantavirus
KW - N protein
KW - oligomerization
KW - actin
KW - P-bodies
KW - vimentin
KW - Number and Brightness
KW - Puumalavirus
KW - macromolecular assemblies
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030457
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 14
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mollavali, Mohanna
A1 - Börnke, Frederik
T1 - Characterization of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase genes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and analysis of their differential expression in response to temperature
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
N2 - In plants, the trehalose biosynthetic pathway plays key roles in the regulation of carbon allocation and stress adaptation.
Engineering of the pathway holds great promise to increase the stress resilience of crop plants.
The synthesis of trehalose proceeds by a two-step pathway in which a trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) uses UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate to produce trehalose-6 phosphate (T6P) that is subsequently dephosphorylated by trehalose-6 phosphate phosphatase (TPP).
While plants usually do not accumulate high amounts of trehalose, their genome encodes large families of putative trehalose biosynthesis genes, with many members lacking obvious enzymatic activity.
Thus, the function of putative trehalose biosynthetic proteins in plants is only vaguely understood. To gain a deeper insight into the role of trehalose biosynthetic proteins in crops, we assessed the enzymatic activity of the TPS/TPP family from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and investigated their expression pattern in different tissues as well as in response to temperature shifts. From the 10 TPS isoforms tested, only the 2 proteins belonging to class I showed enzymatic activity, while all 5 TPP isoforms investigated were catalytically active.
Most of the TPS/TPP family members showed the highest expression in mature leaves, and promoter-reporter gene studies suggest that the two class I TPS genes have largely overlapping expression patterns within the vasculature, with only subtle differences in expression in fruits and flowers.
The majority of tomato TPS/TPP genes were induced by heat stress, and individual family members also responded to cold.
This suggests that trehalose biosynthetic pathway genes could play an important role during temperature stress adaptation.
In summary, our study represents a further step toward the exploitation of the TPS and TPP gene families for the improvement of tomato stress resistance.
KW - trehalose metabolism
KW - heat stress
KW - Solanum lycopersicum
KW - yeast complementation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911436
SN - 1661-6596
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 23
IS - 19
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Moradian, Hanieh
A1 - Roch, Toralf
A1 - Anthofer, Larissa
A1 - Lendlein, Andreas
A1 - Gossen, Manfred
T1 - Chemical modification of uridine modulates mRNA-mediated proinflammatory and antiviral response in primary human macrophages
JF - Molecular therapy
N2 - In vitro transcribed (IVT)-mRNA has been accepted as a promising therapeutic modality. Advances in facile and rapid production technologies make IVT-mRNA an appealing alternative to protein- or virus-based medicines.
Robust expression levels, lack of genotoxicity, and their manageable immunogenicity benefit its clinical applicability.
We postulated that innate immune responses of therapeutically relevant human cells can be tailored or abrogated by combinations of 5'-end and internal IVT-mRNA modifications.
Using primary human macrophages as targets, our data show the particular importance of uridine modifications for IVT-mRNA performance.
Among five nucleotide modification schemes tested, 5-methoxy-uridine outperformed other modifications up to 4-fold increased transgene expression, triggering moderate proinflammatory and non-detectable antiviral responses.
Macrophage responses against IVT-mRNAs exhibiting high immunogenicity (e.g., pseudouridine) could be minimized upon HPLC purification. Conversely, 5'-end modifications had only modest effects on mRNA expression and immune responses.
Our results revealed how the uptake of chemically modified IVT-mRNA impacts human macrophages, responding with distinct patterns of innate immune responses concomitant with increased transient transgene expression.
We anticipate our findings are instrumental to predictively address specific cell responses required for a wide range of therapeutic applications from eliciting controlled immunogenicity in mRNA vaccines to, e.g., completely abrogating cell activation in protein replacement therapies.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.004
SN - 2162-2531
VL - 27
SP - 854
EP - 869
PB - Cell Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - von Steinkeller, Annika
A1 - Grosse, Gerlind
T1 - Children are more social when playing analog games together than digital games
JF - Computers in Human Behavior Reports
N2 - Digital media are being used more and more frequently by children and for a wide variety of functions.
However, there are no studies to date that examine the effect of such use on peer interactions and the occurrence of prosocial behavior in peers.
For parents, it has been found that when using digital media only few parents respond responsively to their children's attempts at interaction and also very rarely, they communicate with them verbally and nonverbally.
In the present study, we investigated how playing a game in a digital versus analog form influences in-teractions (especially prosocial behavior) of peers.
We used an experimental situation, where 24 dyads of 4-10-year-old children were examined. Each of the dyads was randomly assigned to a condition where they played either a digital or analog game together. Various interaction parameters and prosocial behavior during and after the game were analyzed.
Results show that children in the analog condition communicated verbally with each other more often, responded more often to interaction attempts of their partners and showed less often negative forms of inter-action and more often positive forms of interaction than children in the digital condition.
However, the type of medium had no influence on prosocial behavior after the game situation.
These results suggest that the format of a game (digital vs. analog) has a decisive influence on peer interactions concerning their communication during but not their prosocial behavior after the game situation.
KW - child development
KW - peer interactions
KW - media
KW - prosocial behavior
KW - digital
KW - games
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100195
SN - 2451-9588
VL - 6
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -