TY - JOUR A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie A1 - Bufe, Aaron A1 - Turowski, Jens M. T1 - Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width JF - AGU Advances N2 - River-valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley-wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross-sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river-terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley-width-height relationship, we reformulate existing valley-width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope-channel coupling is not captured in current valley-evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000641 SN - 2576-604X PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU); Wiley CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says ‘Yes’ JF - Acta Psychologica N2 - In numerical processing, the functional role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs, such as the association of smaller numbers with left space and larger numbers with right space, the Mental Number Line hypothesis) is debated. Most studies demonstrate SNAs with lateralized responses, and there is little evidence that SNAs appear when no response is required. We recorded passive holding grip forces in no-go trials during number processing. In Experiment 1, participants performed a surface numerical decision task (“Is it a number or a letter?”). In Experiment 2, we used a deeper semantic task (“Is this number larger or smaller than five?”). Despite instruction to keep their grip force constant, participants' spontaneous grip force changed in both experiments: Smaller numbers led to larger force increase in the left than in the right hand in the numerical decision task (500–700 ms after stimulus onset). In the semantic task, smaller numbers again led to larger force increase in the left hand, and larger numbers increased the right-hand holding force. This effect appeared earlier (180 ms) and lasted longer (until 580 ms after stimulus onset). This is the first demonstration of SNAs with passive holding force. Our result suggests that (1) explicit motor response is not a prerequisite for SNAs to appear, and (2) the timing and strength of SNAs are task-dependent. (216 words). KW - SNARC KW - Mental number line KW - Number processing KW - Embodied cognition KW - Grip force KW - Motor system Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103791 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 231 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Hildebrandt, Frauke A1 - Hasselhorn, Marcus A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Children's use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language is related to their numerical magnitude understanding JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude. KW - spatial language KW - frames of reference KW - numerical development KW - mental number line KW - preschool children Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943191 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bender, Carsten A1 - Dreiack, Stefanie A1 - Engels, Victoria A1 - Fisseler, Björn A1 - Gregory, Luisa A1 - Gross, Monika A1 - Kaffenberger, Jens A1 - Kostädt, Peter A1 - Meyer zu Bexten, Erdmuthe A1 - Rustemeier, Linda A1 - Schwarz, Thorsten A1 - Tannert, Benjamin A1 - Velasquez, Estefania Cepeda A1 - Weber, Gerhard T1 - Leitfaden zur Digitalen Barrierefreiheit im Hochschulkontext T3 - Arbeitspapier / Hochschulforum Digitalisierung (HFD) ; 66 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000153177 SN - 2365-7081 VL - 5 PB - Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertelmann, Roland A1 - Mittermaier, Bernhard A1 - Kostädt, Peter T1 - Transform2Open BT - Kostenmonitoring, Kriterien, Kompetenzen und Prozesse der Open-Access-Transformation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48440/os.helmholtz.054 PB - Helmholtz Open Science Office CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rezori, Roman Enzio von A1 - Buchallik, Friederike A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions JF - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health N2 - Background Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. Methods A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Results EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 – 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. Conclusions The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis. KW - Measure validation KW - Chronic conditions KW - Resilience KW - Coping skills and adjustment KW - Youth Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7 SN - 1753-2000 VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Biomed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reeg, Jette A1 - Strigl, Lea A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Agricultural buffer zone thresholds to safeguard functional bee diversity BT - Insights from a community modeling approach JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Wild bee species are important pollinators in agricultural landscapes. However, population decline was reported over the last decades and is still ongoing. While agricultural intensification is a major driver of the rapid loss of pollinating species, transition zones between arable fields and forest or grassland patches, i.e., agricultural buffer zones, are frequently mentioned as suitable mitigation measures to support wild bee populations and other pollinator species. Despite the reported general positive effect, it remains unclear which amount of buffer zones is needed to ensure a sustainable and permanent impact for enhancing bee diversity and abundance. To address this question at a pollinator community level, we implemented a process-based, spatially explicit simulation model of functional bee diversity dynamics in an agricultural landscape. More specifically, we introduced a variable amount of agricultural buffer zones (ABZs) at the transition of arable to grassland, or arable to forest patches to analyze the impact on bee functional diversity and functional richness. We focused our study on solitary bees in a typical agricultural area in the Northeast of Germany. Our results showed positive effects with at least 25% of virtually implemented agricultural buffer zones. However, higher amounts of ABZs of at least 75% should be considered to ensure a sufficient increase in Shannon diversity and decrease in quasi-extinction risks. These high amounts of ABZs represent effective conservation measures to safeguard the stability of pollination services provided by solitary bee species. As the model structure can be easily adapted to other mobile species in agricultural landscapes, our community approach offers the chance to compare the effectiveness of conservation measures also for other pollinator communities in future. KW - agricultural landscape KW - buffer zones KW - community model KW - functional traits KW - solitary bees KW - spatially explicit Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8748 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley Online Library CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaunath, Vera A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Light Attraction in Carabid Beetles BT - Comparison Among Animals From the Inner City and a Dark Sky Reserve JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Artificial light at night (ALAN) is altering the behaviour of nocturnal animals in a manifold of ways. Nocturnal invertebrates are particularly affected, due to their fatal attraction to ALAN. This selective pressure has the potential to reduce the strength of the flight-to-light response in insects, as shown recently in a moth species. Here we investigated light attraction of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).We compared among animals (three genera) from a highly light polluted (HLP) grassland in the centre of Berlin and animals collected at a low-polluted area in a Dark Sky Reserve (DSR), captured using odour bait. In an arena setting tested at night time, HLP beetles (n = 75 across all genera) showed a reduced attraction towards ALAN. Tested during daytime, HLP beetles were less active in an open field test (measured as latency to start moving), compared to DSR (n = 143). However, we did not observe a reduced attraction towards ALAN within the species most common at both sides, Calathus fuscipes (HLP = 37, DSR = 118 individuals) indicating that not all species may be equally affected by ALAN. Reduced attraction to ALAN in urban beetles may either be a result of phenotypic selection in each generation removing HLP individuals that are attracted to light, or an indication for ongoing evolutionary differentiation among city and rural populations in their light response. Reduced attraction to light sources may directly enhance survival and reproductive success of urban individuals. However, decrease in mobility may negatively influence dispersal, reproduction and foraging success, highlighting the selective pressure that light pollution may have on fitness, by shaping and modifying the behaviour of insects. KW - light pollution KW - artificial light at night (ALAN) KW - Carabidae beetles KW - environmental change KW - Illuminance KW - solar powered light-emitting diode Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.751288 SN - 2296-701X N1 - VK and JE designed the experimental set up and research question. VK performed the animal trapping, experiments and hence, data collection, and organizing of the database. Both authors performed the statistical analyses and contributed to discussion, manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Michaela A1 - Brenne, Andreas T1 - Ästhetik - Normativität - Diversität BT - zum kunstpädagogischen Umgang mit Diversität JF - Individuelle Förderung - Heterogenität und Handlungsperspektiven in der Schule Y1 - 2022 UR - https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/book/10.36198/9783838559193 SN - 978-3-8385-5919-3 SN - 978-3-8252-5919-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.36198/9783838559193 SP - 249 EP - 259 PB - Waxmann CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebe, Thomas A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Kaufmann, Jörn A1 - Avetisyan, Araks A1 - Skalej, Martin A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - Investigation of the functional pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment by localisation-based locus coeruleus resting-state fMRI JF - Human Brain Mapping N2 - Dementia as one of the most prevalent diseases urges for a better understanding of the central mechanisms responsible for clinical symptoms, and necessitates improvement of actual diagnostic capabilities. The brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is a promising target for early diagnosis because of its early structural alterations and its relationship to the functional disturbances in the patients. In this study, we applied our improved method of localisation-based LC resting-state fMRI to investigate the differences in central sensory signal processing when comparing functional connectivity (fc) of a patient group with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 28) and an age-matched healthy control group (n = 29). MCI and control participants could be differentiated in their Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) scores (p < .001) and LC intensity ratio (p = .010). In the fMRI, LC fc to anterior cingulate cortex (FDR p < .001) and left anterior insula (FDR p = .012) was elevated, and LC fc to right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ, FDR p = .012) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, FDR p = .021) was decreased in the patient group. Importantly, LC to rTPJ connectivity was also positively correlated to MMSE scores in MCI patients (p = .017). Furthermore, we found a hyperactivation of the left-insula salience network in the MCI patients. Our results and our proposed disease model shed new light on the functional pathogenesis of MCI by directing to attentional network disturbances, which could aid new therapeutic strategies and provide a marker for diagnosis and prediction of disease progression. KW - attention KW - locus coeruleus KW - mild cognitive impairment KW - resting-state fMRI Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26039 SN - 1097-0193 VL - 43 SP - 5630 EP - 5642 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY, USA ET - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Agyapong, Wilson A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Vogel, Heike A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Schwarz, Maria A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - Obesity Hinders the Protective Effect of Selenite Supplementation on Insulin Signaling JF - Antioxidants N2 - The intake of high-fat diets (HFDs) containing large amounts of saturated long-chain fatty acids leads to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. The trace element selenium, as a crucial part of antioxidative selenoproteins, can protect against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) by increasing glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and insulin receptor (IR) expression. Whether selenite (Se) can attenuate insulin resistance in established lipotoxic and obese conditions is unclear. We confirm that GPX3 mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlates with BMI in humans. Cultivating 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in palmitate-containing medium followed by Se treatment attenuates insulin resistance with enhanced GPx3 and IR expression and adipocyte differentiation. However, feeding obese mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet (SRHFD) only resulted in a modest increase in overall selenoprotein gene expression in WAT in mice with unaltered body weight development, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. While Se supplementation improved adipocyte morphology, it did not alter WAT insulin sensitivity. However, mice fed a SRHFD exhibited increased insulin content in the pancreas. Overall, while selenite protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in vitro, obesity impedes the effect of selenite on insulin action and adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. KW - selenite KW - insulin KW - adipose tissue KW - obesity KW - insulin resistance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050862 SN - 2076-3921 VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Matthes, Daniel A1 - Marriott Haresign, Ira A1 - Bánki, Anna A1 - Michel, Christine A1 - Langeloh, Miriam A1 - Wass, Sam A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - DEEP: A dual EEG pipeline for developmental hyperscanning studies JF - Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience N2 - Cutting-edge hyperscanning methods led to a paradigm shift in social neuroscience. It allowed researchers to measure dynamic mutual alignment of neural processes between two or more individuals in naturalistic contexts. The ever-growing interest in hyperscanning research calls for the development of transparent and validated data analysis methods to further advance the field. We have developed and tested a dual electroencephalography (EEG) analysis pipeline, namely DEEP. Following the preprocessing of the data, DEEP allows users to calculate Phase Locking Values (PLVs) and cross-frequency PLVs as indices of inter-brain phase alignment of dyads as well as time-frequency responses and EEG power for each participant. The pipeline also includes scripts to control for spurious correlations. Our goal is to contribute to open and reproducible science practices by making DEEP publicly available together with an example mother-infant EEG hyperscanning dataset. KW - Developmental hyperscanning KW - Dual EEG analysis KW - Adult-child interaction KW - Phase Locking Value KW - PLV KW - Cross-frequency PLV KW - FieldTrip Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101104 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 54 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiedemann, Kim A1 - Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The Role of the Nucleotides in the Insertion of the bis-Molybdopterin Guanine Dinucleotide Cofactor into apo-Molybdoenzymes JF - Molecules N2 - The role of the GMP nucleotides of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor of the DMSO reductase family has long been a subject of discussion. The recent characterization of the bis-molybdopterin (bis-Mo-MPT) cofactor present in the E. coli YdhV protein, which differs from bis-MGD solely by the absence of the nucleotides, now enables studying the role of the nucleotides of bis-MGD and bis-MPT cofactors in Moco insertion and the activity of molybdoenzymes in direct comparison. Using the well-known E. coli TMAO reductase TorA as a model enzyme for cofactor insertion, we were able to show that the GMP nucleotides of bis-MGD are crucial for the insertion of the bis-MGD cofactor into apo-TorA. KW - bis-MGD KW - chaperone KW - molybdenum cofactor KW - TMAO reductase Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092993 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Bell, Elanor Margaret T1 - Complex Trophic Interactions in an Acidophilic Microbial Community JF - Microorganisms N2 - Extreme habitats often harbor specific communities that differ substantially from non-extreme habitats. In many cases, these communities are characterized by archaea, bacteria and protists, whereas the number of species of metazoa and higher plants is relatively low. In extremely acidic habitats, mostly prokaryotes and protists thrive, and only very few metazoa thrive, for example, rotifers. Since many studies have investigated the physiology and ecology of individual species, there is still a gap in research on direct, trophic interactions among extremophiles. To fill this gap, we experimentally studied the trophic interactions between a predatory protist (Actinophrys sol, Heliozoa) and its prey, the rotifers Elosa woralli and Cephalodella sp., the ciliate Urosomoida sp. and the mixotrophic protist Chlamydomonas acidophila (a green phytoflagellate, Chlorophyta). We found substantial predation pressure on all animal prey. High densities of Chlamydomonas acidophila reduced the predation impact on the rotifers by interfering with the feeding behaviour of A. sol. These trophic relations represent a natural case of intraguild predation, with Chlamydomonas acidophila being the common prey and the rotifers/ciliate and A. sol being the intraguild prey and predator, respectively. We further studied this intraguild predation along a resource gradient using Cephalodella sp. as the intraguild prey. The interactions among the three species led to an increase in relative rotifer abundance with increasing resource (Chlamydomonas) densities. By applying a series of laboratory experiments, we revealed the complexity of trophic interactions within a natural extremophilic community. KW - acid mine drainage KW - extremophiles KW - food web KW - heliozoa KW - intraguild predation KW - mining lakes KW - Rotifera Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071340 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Iversen, Pascal A1 - Lienhard, Matthias A1 - Thedinga, Kristina A1 - Herwig, Ralf A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Pre-Training on In Vitro and Fine-Tuning on Patient-Derived Data Improves Deep Neural Networks for Anti-Cancer Drug-Sensitivity Prediction JF - MDPI N2 - Large-scale databases that report the inhibitory capacities of many combinations of candidate drug compounds and cultivated cancer cell lines have driven the development of preclinical drug-sensitivity models based on machine learning. However, cultivated cell lines have devolved from human cancer cells over years or even decades under selective pressure in culture conditions. Moreover, models that have been trained on in vitro data cannot account for interactions with other types of cells. Drug-response data that are based on patient-derived cell cultures, xenografts, and organoids, on the other hand, are not available in the quantities that are needed to train high-capacity machine-learning models. We found that pre-training deep neural network models of drug sensitivity on in vitro drug-sensitivity databases before fine-tuning the model parameters on patient-derived data improves the models’ accuracy and improves the biological plausibility of the features, compared to training only on patient-derived data. From our experiments, we can conclude that pre-trained models outperform models that have been trained on the target domains in the vast majority of cases. KW - deep neural networks KW - drug-sensitivity prediction KW - anti-cancer drugs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163950 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitic, Kristina A1 - Grafe, Marianne A1 - Batsios, Petros A1 - Meyer, Irene T1 - Partial Disassembly of the Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins during Semi-Closed Mitosis in Dictyostelium discoideum JF - Cells N2 - Dictyostelium cells undergo a semi-closed mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope (NE) persists; however, free diffusion between the cytoplasm and the nucleus takes place. To permit the formation of the mitotic spindle, the nuclear envelope must be permeabilized in order to allow diffusion of tubulin dimers and spindle assembly factors into the nucleus. In Aspergillus, free diffusion of proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is achieved by a partial disassembly of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) prior to spindle assembly. In order to determine whether this is also the case in Dictyostelium, we analysed components of the NPC by immunofluorescence microscopy and live cell imaging and studied their behaviour during interphase and mitosis. We observed that the NPCs are absent from the contact area of the nucleoli and that some nucleoporins also localize to the centrosome and the spindle poles. In addition, we could show that, during mitosis, the central FG protein NUP62, two inner ring components and Gle1 depart from the NPCs, while all other tested NUPs remained at the NE. This leads to the conclusion that indeed a partial disassembly of the NPCs takes place, which contributes to permeabilisation of the NE during semi-closed mitosis. KW - nuclear pore complex KW - nucleoporins KW - semi-closed mitosis KW - centrosome KW - Dictyostelium Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030407 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 11 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mattis, Toni A1 - Beckmann, Tom A1 - Rein, Patrick A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - First-class concepts BT - Reified architectural knowledge beyond dominant decompositions JF - Journal of object technology : JOT / ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science N2 - Ideally, programs are partitioned into independently maintainable and understandable modules. As a system grows, its architecture gradually loses the capability to accommodate new concepts in a modular way. While refactoring is expensive and not always possible, and the programming language might lack dedicated primary language constructs to express certain cross-cutting concerns, programmers are still able to explain and delineate convoluted concepts through secondary means: code comments, use of whitespace and arrangement of code, documentation, or communicating tacit knowledge.
Secondary constructs are easy to change and provide high flexibility in communicating cross-cutting concerns and other concepts among programmers. However, such secondary constructs usually have no reified representation that can be explored and manipulated as first-class entities through the programming environment.
In this exploratory work, we discuss novel ways to express a wide range of concepts, including cross-cutting concerns, patterns, and lifecycle artifacts independently of the dominant decomposition imposed by an existing architecture. We propose the representation of concepts as first-class objects inside the programming environment that retain the capability to change as easily as code comments. We explore new tools that allow programmers to view, navigate, and change programs based on conceptual perspectives. In a small case study, we demonstrate how such views can be created and how the programming experience changes from draining programmers' attention by stretching it across multiple modules toward focusing it on cohesively presented concepts. Our designs are geared toward facilitating multiple secondary perspectives on a system to co-exist in symbiosis with the original architecture, hence making it easier to explore, understand, and explain complex contexts and narratives that are hard or impossible to express using primary modularity constructs. KW - software engineering KW - modularity KW - exploratory programming KW - program KW - comprehension KW - remodularization KW - architecture recovery Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2022.21.2.a6 SN - 1660-1769 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - ETH Zürich, Department of Computer Science CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Hölzer, Sonja A1 - Russo, Augusta A1 - García Alanis, José Carlos A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - The Role of the Precuneus in Human Spatial Updating in a Real Environment Setting—A cTBS Study JF - Life N2 - As we move through an environment, we update positions of our body relative to other objects, even when some objects temporarily or permanently leave our field of view—this ability is termed egocentric spatial updating and plays an important role in everyday life. Still, our knowledge about its representation in the brain is still scarce, with previous studies using virtual movements in virtual environments or patients with brain lesions suggesting that the precuneus might play an important role. However, whether this assumption is also true when healthy humans move in real environments where full body-based cues are available in addition to the visual cues typically used in many VR studies is unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the role of the precuneus in egocentric spatial updating in a real environment setting in 20 healthy young participants who underwent two conditions in a cross-over design: (a) stimulation, achieved through applying continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to inhibit the precuneus and (b) sham condition (activated coil turned upside down). In both conditions, participants had to walk back with blindfolded eyes to objects they had previously memorized while walking with open eyes. Simplified trials (without spatial updating) were used as control condition, to make sure the participants were not affected by factors such as walking blindfolded, vestibular or working memory deficits. A significant interaction was found, with participants performing better in the sham condition compared to real stimulation, showing smaller errors both in distance and angle. The results of our study reveal evidence of an important role of the precuneus in a real-environment egocentric spatial updating; studies on larger samples are necessary to confirm and further investigate this finding. KW - precuneus KW - spatial updating KW - TMS KW - cTBS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081239 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Marik A1 - Nedielkov, Ruslan A1 - Arndt, Katja M. T1 - Strategies for Enzymatic Inactivation of the Veterinary Antibiotic Florfenicol JF - Antibiotics N2 - Large quantities of the antibiotic florfenicol are used in animal farming and aquaculture, contaminating the ecosystem with antibiotic residues and promoting antimicrobial resistance, ultimately leading to untreatable multidrug-resistant pathogens. Florfenicol-resistant bacteria often activate export mechanisms that result in resistance to various structurally unrelated antibiotics. We devised novel strategies for the enzymatic inactivation of florfenicol in different media, such as saltwater or milk. Using a combinatorial approach and selection, we optimized a hydrolase (EstDL136) for florfenicol cleavage. Reaction kinetics were followed by time-resolved NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, the hydrolase remained active in different media, such as saltwater or cow milk. Various environmentally-friendly application strategies for florfenicol inactivation were developed using the optimized hydrolase. As a potential filter device for cost-effective treatment of waste milk or aquacultural wastewater, the hydrolase was immobilized on Ni-NTA agarose or silica as carrier materials. In two further application examples, the hydrolase was used as cell extract or encapsulated with a semi-permeable membrane. This facilitated, for example, florfenicol inactivation in whole milk, which can help to treat waste milk from medicated cows, to be fed to calves without the risk of inducing antibiotic resistance. Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, in general, enables therapeutic intervention without promoting antibiotic resistance. KW - aquaculture KW - antibiotic inactivation KW - enzyme optimization KW - enzymatic inactivation KW - florfenicol KW - immobilization KW - industrial farming Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040443 SN - 2079-6382 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex T1 - Catch the star! Spatial information activates the manual motor system JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Previous research demonstrated a close bidirectional relationship between spatial attention and the manual motor system. However, it is unclear whether an explicit hand movement is necessary for this relationship to appear. A novel method with high temporal resolution–bimanual grip force registration–sheds light on this issue. Participants held two grip force sensors while being presented with lateralized stimuli (exogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 1), left- or right-pointing central arrows (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 2), or the words "left" or "right" (endogenous attentional shifts, Experiment 3). There was an early interaction between the presentation side or arrow direction and grip force: lateralized objects and central arrows led to a larger increase of the ipsilateral force and a smaller increase of the contralateral force. Surprisingly, words led to the opposite pattern: larger force increase in the contralateral hand and smaller force increase in the ipsilateral hand. The effect was stronger and appeared earlier for lateralized objects (60 ms after stimulus presentation) than for arrows (100 ms) or words (250 ms). Thus, processing visuospatial information automatically activates the manual motor system, but the timing and direction of this effect vary depending on the type of stimulus. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262510 SN - 1932-6203 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphal, Andrea A1 - Kalinowski, Eva A1 - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha A1 - Vock, Miriam T1 - K−12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K−12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K−12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K−12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K−12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K−12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. KW - burnout KW - stress KW - COVID-19 KW - pandemic KW - K−12 teachers KW - remote teaching Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 29 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krah, Markus T1 - Ein transnationaler jüdischer Kanon als Verlagsprogramm BT - Salman Schockens Verlage in Berlin und New York T2 - Juden und ihre Nachbarn : die Wissenschaft des Judentums im Kontext von Diaspora und Migration N2 - Der Verleger, Kaufhausunternehmer und Mäzen Salman Schocken (1877– 1959)neigte nicht zu übertriebener Bescheidenheit. Als er 1945 in New York seinen amerikanischen Verlag ins Leben rief, kündigte er ihn mit folgenden Worten an: Schocken ignorierte damit die Arbeit der zahlreichen bestehenden amerikanisch-jüdischen Verlagshäuser, da diese seiner Meinung nach nicht die Aufgabe erfüllten, die ihm vorschwebte: die Rückführung traditionsferner und damit in ihrer Identität unsicherer Juden durch Auseinandersetzung mit ihrem kulturellen Erbe. Dieses Ziel hatte bereits das Programm des Berliner Schocken Verlags (1931– 1938) bestimmt, der die vom Gründer genannten „repräsentative[n] Kostproben des Judentums“ veröffentlicht und damit zur „jüdischen Kulturrenaissance“ der 1930er Jahre beigetragen hatte.² Auch nach seiner Emigration nach Palästina 1934 blieb Schocken einer deutsch-jüdischen Wissenskultur zeitlebens verhaftet. Mit seiner verlegerischen Arbeit in den USA wollte Schocken das Programm seines Berliner Verlags für das amerikanische Nachkriegsjudentum neu auflegen, da sich dieses – seiner Meinung nach – in einer ähnlichen geistigen Situation befand wie das deutsche Judentum der Weimarer Republik. Entsprechend verkündete er 1945 in einer Rede in Jerusalem: „Sie wissen, dass ich jetzt daran arbeite, den Schockenverlag in Amerika zu machen. Das ist eine Imitation des deutschen Verlages. [...] Entfernungen existieren nicht mehr und Einfluss von hier nach dort und dort nach hier ist nicht mehr zu übersehen.“³ In diesen Aussagen klingen bereits verschiedene Schlüsselthemen der Rolle von Schocken Books New York an, dessen Geschichte bisher nur ansatzweise erforscht ist: Der Bezug auf Schockens Erfahrungen in Deutschland und das davon geprägte kulturpolitische Programm, das Kontinuitäten zwischen zwei räumlich und zeitlich fundamental getrennten jüdischen Gemeinschaften postulierte und auf einen transnationalen Kanon jüdischen Wissens zielte. Schocken wirkte mit seinen Verlagen, die er in Deutschland, Palästina/Israel und den USA gründete, nicht nur an drei Schlüsselorten der jüdischen Moderne. Sein Verlagsprogramm stand zudem im Kontext eines Schlüsselprozesses jüdischer Modernisierung: der Transformation traditionell-religiösen Wissens in posttraditionell-kulturelle Formen. Dieser Beitrag stellt anhand von Quellen aus dem Verlagsarchiv, der Nachlässe von Schockens Lektoren in den USA und der Rezeption von Schocken Books in den USA den Verlagsgründer Salman Schocken und die beiden Verlage in Berlin und New York vor. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen die transnationale Verflechtung der Verlagshäuser und die Frage nach dem in den Publikationsprogrammen angestrebten transnationalen Kanon jüdischen Wissens in der Moderne. N2 - Salman Schocken (1877– 1959), department store magnate, cultural Zionist, and philanthropist, founded book publishing companies in Germany, Palestine/Israel, and the US. The Schocken Verlag in Berlin (1931– 1938) and Schocken Books in New York (founded in 1945) shared a mission: to culturally and spiritually fortify beleaguered Jewish communities, who were no longer anchored in the religious tradition. Despite the dramatic changes in the Jewish world, Schocken found that both German and American Jewry needed to be grounded in a positive sense of Jewishness. He sought to shape this new identity by offering texts from the religious tradition and the Jewish cultural heritage – and to make them relevant to post-traditional Jews by packaging them in new forms: Anthologies and (cultural) translations presented texts like prayers and mystical texts as cultural expressions; series of small, affordable, and attractive books – the Schocken Bücherei in Germany and the Schocken Library in the US – were meant as a new transnational canon of Jewish cultural knowledge. In reality, however, Schocken Books mostly imported and translated texts, which the Verlag had selected according to German-Jewish ideals of Bildung. The American company almost went bankrupt in the 1950s, before it connected with the specifically American cultural needs of its audience. While this experience calls into question the Schocken mission of a transnational Jewish cultural canon, it suggests that the formation of a new Jewish epistemology was a crucial process of Jewish modernization. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-077070-4 SN - 978-3-11-077249-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110772388-011 SP - 193 EP - 212 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Konrad, Markus T1 - Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? BT - cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers JF - Journal of family research N2 - Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men's and women's professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world's largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the crosscountry variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers' productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors - school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men's and women's productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average - but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement. KW - gender KW - Covid-19 KW - inequality KW - productivity KW - international comparison; KW - GitHub Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697 SN - 2699-2337 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 134 EP - 160 PB - University of Bamberg Press CY - Bamberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malabarba, Taiane A1 - Oliveira Mendes, Anna Carolina A1 - de Souza, Joseane T1 - Multimodal resolution of overlapping talk in video-mediated L2 instruction JF - Languages : open access journal N2 - This paper investigates a pervasive phenomenon in video-mediated interaction (VMI), namely, simultaneous start-ups, which happen when two speakers produce a turn beginning in overlap. Based on the theoretical and methodological tenets of conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, the present study offers a multimodal and sequential account of how simultaneous start-ups are oriented to and solved in the context of English as an additional language (L2) tutoring. The micro- and sequential analysis of ten hours of screen-recorded video-mediated data from tutoring sessions between an experienced tutor and an advanced-level tutee reveals that the typical overlap resolution trajectory results in the tutor withdrawing from the interactional floor. The same analysis uncovered a range of resources, such as lip pressing and the verbal utterance 'go ahead', employed in what we call enhanced explicitness, through which the withdrawal is done. The orchestration of these resources allows the tutor to exploit the specific features of the medium to resolve simultaneous start-ups while also supporting the continuation of student talk. We maintain that this practice is used in the service of securing the learner's interactional space, and consequently in fostering the use of the language being learned. The results of the study help advance current understandings of L2 instructors' specialized work of managing participation and creating learning opportunities. Being one of the first studies to detail the practices involved in overlap resolution in the micro-context of simultaneous talk on Zoom-based L2 instruction, this study also makes a significant contribution to research on video-mediated instruction and video-mediated interaction more generally. KW - video-mediated interaction (VMI) KW - English as an additional language KW - (L2) KW - teaching KW - turn-taking KW - overlap resolution KW - 'go ahead'; KW - multimodality KW - conversation analysis KW - interactional linguistics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020154 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Matthewes, Sönke Hendrik T1 - No evidence that strict educational tracking improves student performance through classroom homogeneity BT - a critical reanalysis of Esser and Seuring (2020) BT - eine kritische Reanalyse von Esser und Seuring (2020) JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - In a recent contribution to this journal, Esser and Seuring (2020) draw on data from the National Educational Panel Study to attack the widespread view that tracking in lower secondary education exacerbates inequalities in student outcomes without improving average student performance. Exploiting variation in the strictness of tracking across 13 of the 16 German federal states (e. g., whether teacher recommendations are binding), Esser and Seuring claim to demonstrate that stricter tracking after grade 4 results in better performance in grade 7 and that this can be attributed to the greater homogeneity of classrooms under strict tracking. We show these conclusions to be untenable: Esser and Seuring's measures of classroom composition are highly dubious because the number of observed students is very small for many classrooms. Even when we adopt their classroom composition measures, simple corrections and extensions of their analysis reveal that there is no meaningful evidence for a positive relationship between classroom homogeneity and student achievement - the channel supposed to mediate the alleged positive effect of strict tracking. We go on to show that students from more strictly tracking states perform better already at the start of tracking (grade 5), which casts further doubt on the alleged positive effect of strict tracking on learning progress and leaves selection or anticipation effects as more plausible explanations. On a conceptual level, we emphasize that Esser and Seuring's analysis is limited to states that implement different forms of early tracking and cannot inform us about the relative performance of comprehensive and tracked systems that is the focus of most prior research. N2 - In einem kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Artikel attackieren Esser und Seuring (2020) die verbreitete Auffassung, dass eine frühe Leistungsdifferenzierung in den ersten Jahren der Sekundarstufe Ungleichheiten zwischen Schüler*innen verstärkt, ohne sich positiv auf das durchschnittliche Leistungsniveau auszuwirken. Auf Basis einer Analyse von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels für 13 Bundesländer kommen die Autoren zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich eine strenge Leistungsdifferenzierung (z. B. durch bindende Grundschulempfehlungen) positiv auf das Leistungsniveau in Klasse 7 auswirkt und dass dies auf die homogenere Klassenzusammensetzung in strikt differenzierenden Ländern zurückgeführt werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Schlussfolgerungen nicht haltbar sind: Esser und Seurings Indikatoren für die Klassenzusammensetzung sind qualitativ fragwürdig, da die Anzahl gültiger Beobachtungen für viele Klassen sehr klein ist. Selbst bei Verwendung ihrer Indikatoren wird durch einfache Korrekturen und Ergänzungen ihrer Analyse schnell deutlich, dass es keine belastbaren empirischen Belege für den theoretisch zentralen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen homogener Klassenzusammensetzung und Leistungsniveau gibt. Zudem können wir zeigen, dass Schüler*innen in streng differenzierenden Ländern bereits zu Beginn der Sekundarstufe bessere Leistungen erzielen, ein weiteres Ergebnis, das gegen einen (kausalen) positiven Zusammenhang zwischen strenger Differenzierung und Lernfortschritt und für Alternativerklärungen wie Selektions- oder Antizipationseffekte spricht. In konzeptioneller Hinsicht heben wir hervor, dass sich die Analyse von Esser und Seuring auf verschiedene leistungsdifferenzierende Systeme beschränkt und insofern keine unmittelbaren Implikationen für den in der Literatur zentralen Vergleich zwischen differenzierenden und Gesamtschulsystemen (comprehensive systems) haben kann. T2 - Keine Belege für leistungsfördernde Effekte von strikter Leistungsdifferenzierung durch kognitive Homogenisierung KW - Ability Tracking KW - Secondary Education Systems KW - Peer Effects KW - Classroom KW - Composition KW - Mediation Analysis KW - Replication KW - Leistungsdifferenzierung KW - Sekundarbildungssysteme KW - Peer-Effekte KW - Klassenzusammensetzung KW - Mediationsanalyse KW - Replikation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0001 SN - 0340-1804 SN - 2366-0325 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 111 PB - de Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiebking, Christine A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study JF - Frontiers in Neurology, section Neurorehabilitation N2 - Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain. KW - chronic back pain KW - sensorimotor training intervention KW - multimodal intervention KW - MRI KW - neuroplasticity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.773813 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Bonaventura, Klaus A1 - Grahn, Patricia A1 - Bestgen, Felix A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Stress management in pre-and postoperative care amongst practitioners and patients in cardiac catheterization laboratory: a study protocol JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - Background: As the number of cardiac diseases continuously increases within the last years in modern society, so does cardiac treatment, especially cardiac catheterization. The procedure of a cardiac catheterization is challenging for both patients and practitioners. Several potential stressors of psychological or physical nature can occur during the procedure. The objective of the study is to develop and implement a stress management intervention for both practitioners and patients that aims to reduce the psychological and physical strain of a cardiac catheterization. Methods: The clinical study (DRKS00026624) includes two randomized controlled intervention trials with parallel groups, for patients with elective cardiac catheterization and practitioners at the catheterization lab, in two clinic sites of the Ernst-von-Bergmann clinic network in Brandenburg, Germany. Both groups received different interventions for stress management. The intervention for patients comprises a psychoeducational video with different stress management technics and additional a standardized medical information about the cardiac catheterization examination. The control condition includes the in hospitals practiced medical patient education before the examination (usual care). Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters and validated questionnaires, the day before (M1) and after (M2) the cardiac catheterization and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). It is expected that people with standardized information and psychoeducation show reduced complications during cardiac catheterization procedures, better pre- and post-operative wellbeing, regeneration, mood and lower stress levels over time. The intervention for practitioners includes a Mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) over 8 weeks supervised by an experienced MBSR practitioner directly at the clinic site and an operative guideline. It is expected that practitioners with intervention show improved perceived and chronic stress, occupational health, physical and mental function, higher effort-reward balance, regeneration and quality of life. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured by physiological parameters (heart rate variability, saliva cortisol) and validated questionnaires and will be assessed before (M1) and after (M2) the MBSR intervention and at a postal follow-up 6 months later (M3). Physiological biomarkers in practitioners will be assessed before (M1) and after intervention (M2) on two work days and a two days off. Intervention effects in both groups (practitioners and patients) will be evaluated separately using multivariate variance analysis. Discussion: This study evaluates the effectiveness of two stress management intervention programs for patients and practitioners within cardiac catheter laboratory. Study will disclose strains during a cardiac catheterization affecting both patients and practitioners. For practitioners it may contribute to improved working conditions and occupational safety, preservation of earning capacity, avoidance of participation restrictions and loss of performance. In both groups less anxiety, stress and complications before and during the procedures can be expected. The study may add knowledge how to eliminate stressful exposures and to contribute to more (psychological) security, less output losses and exhaustion during work. The evolved stress management guidelines, training manuals and the standardized patient education should be transferred into clinical routines KW - stress management KW - mindfulness-based stress reduction KW - psychoeducation KW - standardized patient information KW - stress intervention KW - distress KW - study protocol KW - cardiac catheterization (CC) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.830256 SN - 2297-055X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ellermann, Christin A1 - McDowell, Michelle A1 - Schirren, Clara O. A1 - Lindemann, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Koch, Severine A1 - Lohmann, Mark A1 - Jenny, Mirjam Annina T1 - Identifying content to improve risk assessment communications within the Risk Profile: Literature reviews and focus groups with expert and non-expert stakeholders JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objective To improve consumer decision making, the results of risk assessments on food, feed, consumer products or chemicals need to be communicated not only to experts but also to non-expert audiences. The present study draws on evidence from literature reviews and focus groups with diverse stakeholders to identify content to integrate into an existing risk assessment communication (Risk Profile). Methods A combination of rapid literature reviews and focus groups with experts (risk assessors (n = 15), risk managers (n = 8)), and non-experts (general public (n = 18)) were used to identify content and strategies for including information about risk assessment results in the “Risk Profile” from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. Feedback from initial focus groups was used to develop communication prototypes that informed subsequent feedback rounds in an iterative process. A final prototype was validated in usability tests with experts. Results Focus group feedback and suggestions from risk assessors were largely in line with findings from the literature. Risk managers and lay persons offered similar suggestions on how to improve the existing communication of risk assessment results (e.g., including more explanatory detail, reporting probabilities for individual health impairments, and specifying risks for subgroups in additional sections). Risk managers found information about quality of evidence important to communicate, whereas people from the general public found this information less relevant. Participants from lower educational backgrounds had difficulties understanding the purpose of risk assessments. User tests found that the final prototype was appropriate and feasible to implement by risk assessors. Conclusion An iterative and evidence-based process was used to develop content to improve the communication of risk assessments to the general public while being feasible to use by risk assessors. Remaining challenges include how to communicate dose-response relationships and standardise quality of evidence ratings across disciplines. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266800 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 17 PB - Public Library of Science (PLOS) CY - San Francisco, California, USA ET - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osei, Francis A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case–control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case–control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. KW - allostatic load KW - cortisol KW - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate KW - epinephrine KW - norepinephrine KW - metabolic syndrome KW - primary marker Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.946740 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seržant, Ilja A. A1 - Moroz, George A. T1 - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved JF - Humanities & Social Sciences Communications N2 - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency. KW - Duration KW - Explanations KW - Redundancy KW - Pronouns KW - Usage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0 SN - 2662-9992 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobs, Scarlett A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Lenkeit, Jenny A1 - Hartmann, Anne Therese A1 - Sporer, Nadine A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further. KW - classroom interactions KW - justice KW - special educational need KW - ratings KW - inclusion Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Daniel T1 - Revisiting the Cu-Zn disorder in kesterite type Cu2ZnSnSe4 employing a novel approach to hybrid functional calculations JF - Applied Sciences : open access journal N2 - In recent years, the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly materials to be employed in the next generation of thin film solar cell devices has seen a shift towards hybrid halide perovskites and chalcogenide materials crystallising in the kesterite crystal structure. Prime examples for the latter are Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, and their solid solution Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)(4), where actual devices already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies of about 13 %. However, in their naturally occurring kesterite crystal structure, the so-called Cu-Zn disorder plays an important role and impacts the structural, electronic, and optical properties. To understand the influence of Cu-Zn disorder, we perform first-principles calculations based on density functional theory combined with special quasirandom structures to accurately model the cation disorder. Since the electronic band gaps and derived optical properties are severely underestimated by (semi)local exchange and correlation functionals, supplementary hybrid functional calculations have been performed. Concerning the latter, we additionally employ a recently devised technique to speed up structural relaxations for hybrid functional calculations. Our calculations show that the Cu-Zn disorder leads to a slight increase in the unit cell volume compared to the conventional kesterite structure showing full cation order, and that the band gap gets reduced by about 0.2 eV, which is in very good agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical findings. Our detailed results on structural, electronic, and optical properties will be discussed with respect to available experimental data, and will provide further insights into the atomistic origin of the disorder-induced band gap lowering in these promising kesterite type materials. KW - Cu2ZnSnSe4 KW - CZTSe KW - chalcogenide KW - kesterite KW - Cu-Zn disorder KW - density KW - functional theory KW - hybrid functional KW - special quasirandom structure Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052576 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Haarmann, Esther A1 - Savaskan, Nicolai T1 - Experimental evidence on improving COVID-19 vaccine outreach among migrant communities on social media JF - Scientific reports N2 - Studies from several countries suggest that COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among migrants compared to the general population. Urgent calls have been made to improve vaccine outreach to migrants, however, there is limited evidence on effective approaches, especially using social media. We assessed a targeted, low-cost, Facebook campaign disseminating COVID-19 vaccine information among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany (N = 888,994). As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). Key outcomes included reach, click-through rates, conversion rates and cost-effectiveness. Within 29 days, the campaign reached 890 thousand Facebook users. On average, 2.3 individuals accessed the advertised COVID-19 vaccination appointment tool for every euro spent on the campaign. Migrants were 2.4 (Arabic), 1.8 (Russian) and 1.2 (Turkish) times more likely to click on advertisements translated to their native language compared to German-language advertisements. Furthermore, findings showed that government representatives can be more successful in engaging migrants online compared to other messengers, despite common claims of lower trust in government institutions among migrants. This study highlights the potential of tailored, and translated, vaccination campaigns on social media for reaching migrants who may be left out by traditional media campaigns. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20340-2 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keskin, Cem T1 - On the directionality of the Balkan Turkic verb phrase BT - Variationist and theoretical perspectives JF - Languages N2 - Balkan varieties of Turkic, particularly those on the periphery of the Turkic spread area in the region, such as Gagauz and West Rumelian Turkish, are commonly observed to have head-initial verb phrases. Based on a wide survey, this paper attempts a more precise description of the pattern of VP directionality across Balkan Turkic and shows that there is considerable variation in how prevalent VX order is, a pattern that turns out to be more complex than the previous descriptions suggest: Two spectrums of directionality can be discerned between XV and VX orders, contingent upon type of the dependent of the verb and dialect locale. The paper also explores the grammatical causes underlying this shift in constituent order. First, VX order seems to be dependent upon whether a clause is nominal or not. Nonfinite clauses of the nominal type have XV order across Balkan Turkic, while finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type show differing degrees of VX order depending on type of dependent and geographical location. Second, VX order appears to be an outcome of verb movement to the left of the dependent in finite clauses and nonfinite clauses of the converbial type, rather than head parameter shift. KW - Balkan Turkic KW - Rumelian Turkic KW - OV–VO KW - verb phrase KW - head directionality KW - nominalization KW - verb movement KW - head parameter KW - word order variation KW - microvariation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010002 SN - 2226-471X VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adreeva, Anna T1 - Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich der 1910er Jahre BT - Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe JF - Apparatus N2 - Im Artikel werden von Frauen verfasste Filmdrehbücher der 1910er Jahre im Russischen Kaiserreich chronologisch untersucht. Zunächst werden die ersten Drehbuchautorinnen Makarova und Tat’jana Suchotina-Tolstaja, die am Anfang der 1910er Jahre in Koautorschaft mit den bekannten Autoren (Makarova mit den Regisseur Vladimir Gončarov; Suchotina-Tolstaja mit ihrem Vater Leo Tolstoj) arbeiteten, und ihre Filme in Betracht gezogen. Dann wird der Film Ključi sčastʹja / Schlüssel zum Glück (Vladimir Gardin, Jakov Protazanov, 1913, Russisches Kaiserreich) nach dem Roman von Anastasija Verbickaja näher behandelt. Verbickajas Film demonstrierte, dass eine Drehbuchautorin eine selbständige Autorin sein kann und diente als Impuls für die Entwicklung der Frauenfilmdramaturgie im Russischen Kaiserreich, deren Aufschwung in der zweiten Hälfte der 1910er Jahre begann, und prägte bestimmte Erwartungen von auf weiblichen Drehbüchern basierenden Filmen. Maria Kallaš, die an den Drehbüchern zu den Verfilmungen des russischen literarischen Kanons 1913 arbeitete, kritisierte Verbickajas Text als pseudofeministisch und behauptete in ihrem Essay „Ženskie kabare“ („Frauenkabarett“), dass Frauenliteratur noch „keine eigene Sprache“ habe (1916). Anna Mar begann ihre Arbeit im Kino 1914, parallel zu Verbiсkajas Nachfolgerinnen, und konzentrierte sich in ihren Filmen auf die soziale Problematik – die Stellung moderner Frauen in der Gesellschaft. Damit eröffnete Mar eine neue Entwicklungsperspektive für das weibliche Drehbuchschreiben. N2 - This article provides a chronological examination of women’s screenwriting in the 1910s in the Russian Empire. The first women screenwriters, Makarova and Tat’iana Suchotina-Tolstaia, worked in the early 1910s as co-authors with popular men writers (Makarova with the director Vladimir Goncharov and Sukhotina-Tolstaia with her father Lev Tolstoi). The film Kliuchi schast’ia / The Keys to Happiness (Vladimir Gardin, Iakov Protazanov, 1913, Russian Empire), based on Anastasiia Verbitskaia’s novel of the same title, proved that a woman screenwriter could be an independent author, influencing the development of women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire, which took off in the second half of the 1910s, creating certain expectations for films written by women. Mariia Kallash, who worked on the screenplays for film adaptations of the Russian literary canon in 1913, criticised Verbitskaia’s text for its pseudo-feminism and claimed, in her essay “Women’s Cabaret”, that women’s literature still “did not have its own language” (1916). Anna Mar wrote for the screen in the second half of the 1910s, at the same time as Verbitskaia’s successors. In Mar’s screenplays, she focused on social problems and particularly on women’s position in modern society, suggesting a different perspective for women’s screenwriting in the Russian Empire. N2 - В настоящей статье речь пойдет о женской кинодраматургии 1910-х гг. в Российской империи. Сперва мы восстановим творческую судьбу первых сценаристок Макаровой и Татьяны Сухотиной-Толстой, которые работали в соавторстве с известными -авторами-мужчинами (Макарова – с режиссером Владимиром Гончаровым; Сухотина-Толстая – со своим отцом Львом Толстым) на рубеже 1910-х гг. Затем подробнее остановимся на фильме Ключи счастья (Владимир Гардин, Яков Протазанов, 1913, Российская империя) по одноименному роману Анастасии Вербицкой, которая считается автором сценария картины. Фильм Ключи счастья показал, что женщина может быть независимым автором, послужил толчком к развитию женской драматургии в Российской империи, подъем которой начался во второй половине 1910-х гг., и сформировал определенные ожидания от фильмов по сценариям, написанными авторами-женщинами. Мария Каллаш, автор экранизаций текстов русской литературы, раскритиковала роман Вербицкой за псевдофеминизм и в эссе «Женские кабаре» заявила, что женская литература до сих пор «не имеет своего собственного языка» (1916). Анна Мар пришла в кино в 1914 году одновременно с преемниками Вербицкой и сосредоточилась в своих фильмах на социальной проблематике, а именно – на положении современных женщин в обществе. Тем самым Мар предложила новую перспективу для развития женского киносценария. T2 - Women’s Screenwriting of the 1910s in the Russian Empire T2 - Женская кинодраматургия в Российской империи 1910-х годов KW - Anastasija Verbickaja KW - Maria Kallaš KW - Anna Mar KW - Rovdo KW - Antalek KW - Russisches K​a​iserreich KW - frühes russländisches Kino KW - Frauenfilmdramaturgie KW - Frauenliteratur KW - Feminismus KW - Drehbuch KW - Анастасия Вербицкая KW - Мария Каллаш KW - Анна Мар KW - Ровдо KW - Анталек KW - Российская империя KW - раннее российское кино KW - женская кинодраматургия KW - женская литература KW - феминизм KW - feminism KW - women’s literature KW - women’s screenwriting KW - early cinema in the Russian Empire KW - Russian Empire KW - Antalek KW - Rovdo KW - Anna Mar KW - Mariia Kallash KW - Anastasiia Verbitskaia KW - screenplays KW - scripts KW - сценарий Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17892/app.2022.00015.270 SN - 2365-7758 VL - 13 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al Laban, Firas A1 - Reger, Martin A1 - Lucke, Ulrike T1 - Closing the Policy Gap in the Academic Bridge JF - Education sciences N2 - The highly structured nature of the educational sector demands effective policy mechanisms close to the needs of the field. That is why evidence-based policy making, endorsed by the European Commission under Erasmus+ Key Action 3, aims to make an alignment between the domains of policy and practice. Against this background, this article addresses two issues: First, that there is a vertical gap in the translation of higher-level policies to local strategies and regulations. Second, that there is a horizontal gap between educational domains regarding the policy awareness of individual players. This was analyzed in quantitative and qualitative studies with domain experts from the fields of virtual mobility and teacher training. From our findings, we argue that the combination of both gaps puts the academic bridge from secondary to tertiary education at risk, including the associated knowledge proficiency levels. We discuss the role of digitalization in the academic bridge by asking the question: which value does the involved stakeholders expect from educational policies? As a theoretical basis, we rely on the model of value co-creation for and by stakeholders. We describe the used instruments along with the obtained results and proposed benefits. Moreover, we reflect on the methodology applied, and we finally derive recommendations for future academic bridge policies. KW - policy evaluation KW - higher education KW - virtual mobility KW - teacher training Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120930 SN - 2227-7102 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Jingdan A1 - Kim, Jae-Hyun A1 - Tuomainen, Outi A1 - Rattanasone, Nan Xu T1 - Bilingual Mandarin-English preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills and contributing factors BT - A remote online story-retell study JF - Frontiers in Psyhology N2 - This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills. KW - narrative skills KW - Mandarin-English bilinguals KW - preschoolers KW - macrostructure KW - microstructure Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797602 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orland, Andreas A1 - Padubrin, Max T1 - Is there a gender hiring gap in academic economics? Evidence from a network analysis JF - Royal Society Open Science N2 - We collect a network dataset of tenured economics faculty in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We rank the 100 institutions included with a minimum violation ranking. This ranking is positively and significantly correlated with the Times Higher Education ranking of economics institutions. According to the network ranking, individuals on average go down about 23 ranks from their doctoral institution to their employing institution. While the share of females in our dataset is only 15%, we do not observe a significant gender hiring gap (a difference in rank changes between male and female faculty). We conduct a robustness check with the Handelsblatt and the Times Higher Education ranking. According to these rankings, individuals on average go down only about two ranks. We do not observe a significant gender hiring gap using these two rankings (although the dataset underlying this analysis is small and these estimates are likely to be noisy). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the network ranking in our context. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210717 SN - 2054-5703 VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Royal Society of London CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Labott, Berit K. A1 - Grässler, Bernhard A1 - Halfpaap, Nicole A1 - Langhans, Corinna A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Ammar, Achraf A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Hökelmann, Anita A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls JF - Healthcare : open access journal N2 - Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption. KW - MCI KW - hippocampal-prefrontal network KW - handgrip strength KW - exercise cognition KW - aging KW - brain health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020230 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichmann, Erik A1 - Lewandowski, Heather J. A1 - Alemani, Micol T1 - Investigating students’ views of experimental physics in German laboratory classes JF - Physical Review Physics Education Research N2 - There is a large variety of goals instructors have for laboratory courses, with different courses focusing on different subsets of goals. An often implicit, but crucial, goal is to develop students’ attitudes, views, and expectations about experimental physics to align with practicing experimental physicists. The assessment of laboratory courses upon this one dimension of learning has been intensively studied in U.S. institutions using the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics (E-CLASS). However, there is no such an instrument available to use in Germany, and the influence of laboratory courses on students views about the nature of experimental physics is still unexplored at German-speaking institutions. Motivated by the lack of an assessment tool to investigate this goal in laboratory courses at German-speaking institutions, we present a translated version of the E-CLASS adapted to the context at German-speaking institutions. We call the German version of the E-CLASS, the GE-CLASS. We describe the translation process and the creation of an automated web-based system for instructors to assess their laboratory courses. We also present first results using GE-CLASS obtained at the University of Potsdam. A first comparison between E-CLASS and GE-CLASS results shows clear differences between University of Potsdam and U.S. students’ views and beliefs about experimental physics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.010135 SN - 1554-9178 VL - 18 SP - 010135-1 EP - 010135-17 PB - APS CY - College Park, Maryland, United States ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Quandte, Sabine A1 - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Aster, Michael von A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Taking a closer look: The relationship between pre-school domain general cognition and school mathematics achievement when controlling for intelligence JF - Journal of Intelligence N2 - Intelligence, as well as working memory and attention, affect the acquisition of mathematical competencies. This paper aimed to examine the influence of working memory and attention when taking different mathematical skills into account as a function of children’s intellectual ability. Overall, intelligence, working memory, attention and numerical skills were assessed twice in 1868 German pre-school children (t1, t2) and again at 2nd grade (t3). We defined three intellectual ability groups based on the results of intellectual assessment at t1 and t2. Group comparisons revealed significant differences between the three intellectual ability groups. Over time, children with low intellectual ability showed the lowest achievement in domain-general and numerical and mathematical skills compared to children of average intellectual ability. The highest achievement on the aforementioned variables was found for children of high intellectual ability. Additionally, path modelling revealed that, depending on the intellectual ability, different models of varying complexity could be generated. These models differed with regard to the relevance of the predictors (t2) and the future mathematical skills (t3). Causes and conclusions of these findings are discussed. KW - intellectual ability KW - intelligence KW - pre-school KW - mathematical development KW - school mathematics KW - longitudinal KW - numerical skills KW - working memory KW - attention Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10030070 SN - 2079-3200 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kath, Nadja Jeanette A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - van Velzen, Ellen T1 - The double-edged sword of inducible defences: costs and benefits of maladaptive switching from the individual to the community level JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Phenotypic plasticity can increase individual fitness when environmental conditions change over time. Inducible defences are a striking example, allowing species to react to fluctuating predation pressure by only expressing their costly defended phenotype under high predation risk. Previous theoretical investigations have focused on how this affects predator–prey dynamics, but the impact on competitive outcomes and broader community dynamics has received less attention. Here we use a small food web model, consisting of two competing plastic autotrophic species exploited by a shared consumer, to study how the speed of inducible defences across three trade-off constellations affects autotroph coexistence, biomasses across trophic levels, and temporal variability. Contrary to the intuitive idea that faster adaptation increases autotroph fitness, we found that higher switching rates reduced individual fitness as it consistently provoked more maladaptive switching towards undefended phenotypes under high predation pressure. This had an unexpected positive impact on the consumer, increasing consumer biomass and lowering total autotroph biomass. Additionally, maladaptive switching strongly reduced autotroph coexistence through an emerging source-sink dynamic between defended and undefended phenotypes. The striking impact of maladaptive switching on species and food web dynamics indicates that this mechanism may be of more critical importance than previously recognized. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13895-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Klaus-Peter T1 - In der Ruhmeshalle der deutschen Literatur BT - das Porträt des Autors und die Medien JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-031 SP - 533 EP - 574 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Ulrike T1 - Theodor Fontane innerhalb der deutsch-jüdischen Zeitschriftenlandschaft BT - Rezeptionslinien und -strategien JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-032 SP - 577 EP - 592 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trilcke, Peer T1 - Die Spatzen quirilierten auf den Telegraphendrähten BT - Vorwort JF - Fontanes Medien Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-11-073323-5 SN - 978-3-11-073810-0 SN - 978-3-11-073330-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110733235-001 SP - XI EP - XIII PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarabadani, Jalal A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Ala-Nissila, Tapio T1 - Driven polymer translocation into a channel: Isoflux tension propagation theory and Langevin dynamics simulations JF - Physical Review Research N2 - Isoflux tension propagation (IFTP) theory and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations are employed to study the dynamics of channel-driven polymer translocation in which a polymer translocates into a narrow channel and the monomers in the channel experience a driving force fc. In the high driving force limit, regardless of the channel width, IFTP theory predicts τ ∝ f βc for the translocation time, where β = −1 is the force scaling exponent. Moreover, LD data show that for a very narrow channel fitting only a single file of monomers, the entropic force due to the subchain inside the channel does not play a significant role in the translocation dynamics and the force exponent β = −1 regardless of the force magnitude. As the channel width increases the number of possible spatial configurations of the subchain inside the channel becomes significant and the resulting entropic force causes the force exponent to drop below unity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033003 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 4 SP - 033003-1 EP - 033003-14 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park, Maryland, USA ET - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voit, Paul A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales JF - NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences N2 - Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a “cross-scale weather extremity index” (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum. Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI. While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2791-2022 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 22 SP - 2791 EP - 2805 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ET - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auhagen, Christopher Patrick A1 - Uth, Melanie T1 - Variation of relative complementizers in Yucatecan Spanish BT - A comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers JF - Languages N2 - The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region. KW - relative complementation KW - variability KW - language contact KW - diachrony KW - Yucatecan Spanish Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040279 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sposini, Vittoria A1 - Krapf, Diego A1 - Marinari, Enzo A1 - Sunyer, Raimon A1 - Ritort, Felix A1 - Taheri, Fereydoon A1 - Selhuber-Unkel, Christine A1 - Benelli, Rebecca A1 - Weiss, Matthias A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Oshanin, Gleb T1 - Towards a robust criterion of anomalous diffusion JF - Communications Physics N2 - Anomalous-diffusion, the departure of the spreading dynamics of diffusing particles from the traditional law of Brownian-motion, is a signature feature of a large number of complex soft-matter and biological systems. Anomalous-diffusion emerges due to a variety of physical mechanisms, e.g., trapping interactions or the viscoelasticity of the environment. However, sometimes systems dynamics are erroneously claimed to be anomalous, despite the fact that the true motion is Brownian—or vice versa. This ambiguity in establishing whether the dynamics as normal or anomalous can have far-reaching consequences, e.g., in predictions for reaction- or relaxation-laws. Demonstrating that a system exhibits normal- or anomalous-diffusion is highly desirable for a vast host of applications. Here, we present a criterion for anomalous-diffusion based on the method of power-spectral analysis of single trajectories. The robustness of this criterion is studied for trajectories of fractional-Brownian-motion, a ubiquitous stochastic process for the description of anomalous-diffusion, in the presence of two types of measurement errors. In particular, we find that our criterion is very robust for subdiffusion. Various tests on surrogate data in absence or presence of additional positional noise demonstrate the efficacy of this method in practical contexts. Finally, we provide a proof-of-concept based on diverse experiments exhibiting both normal and anomalous-diffusion. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-01079-8 SN - 2399-3650 VL - 5 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Evans, Myfanwy E. A1 - Hyde, Stephen T. T1 - Symmetric Tangling of Honeycomb Networks JF - Symmetry N2 - Symmetric, elegantly entangled structures are a curious mathematical construction that has found their way into the heart of the chemistry lab and the toolbox of constructive geometry. Of particular interest are those structures—knots, links and weavings—which are composed locally of simple twisted strands and are globally symmetric. This paper considers the symmetric tangling of multiple 2-periodic honeycomb networks. We do this using a constructive methodology borrowing elements of graph theory, low-dimensional topology and geometry. The result is a wide-ranging enumeration of symmetric tangled honeycomb networks, providing a foundation for their exploration in both the chemistry lab and the geometers toolbox. KW - tangles KW - knots KW - networks KW - periodic entanglement KW - molecular weaving KW - graphs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091805 SN - 2073-8994 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naïr, Alexandra A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Translation and adaptation of the French version of the risk stratification index, a tool for stratified care in chronic low back pain BT - A pilot study JF - Medicina : monthly medical journal of Lithuanian Medical Association, Kaunas N2 - Background and Objectives: Low back pain is a worldwide health problem. An early diagnosis is required to develop personalized treatment strategies. The Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was developed to serve the purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to cross-culturally translate the RSI to a French version (RSI-F) and evaluate the test-retest reliability of RSI-F using a French active population. Materials and Methods: The RSI was translated from German to French (RSI-F) based on the guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. A total of 42 French recreational athletes (age 18–63 years) with non-specific low back pain were recruited and filled in the RSI-F twice. The test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Finally, 33 questionnaires were analyzed (14 males and 19 females, age 31 ± 10 years, 9.5 ± 3.2 h/week of training). The test-retest of RSI-F CPI and DISS were excellent (CPI: ICC1,2 = 0.989, p < 0.001; r = 0.989, p < 0.001; DISS: ICC1,2 = 0.991, p < 0.001; r = 0.991, p < 0.001), as well as Korff pain intensity (ICC1,2 = 0.995, p < 0.001; r = 0.995, p < 0.001) and disability (ICC1,2 = 0.998, p < 0.001; r = 0.998, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The RSI-F is linguistically accurate and reliable for use by a French-speaking active population with non-specific low back pain. The RSI-F is considered a tool to examine the evolution of psychosocial factors and therefore the risk of chronicity and the prognostic of pain. Further evaluations, such as internal, external validity, and responsiveness should be evaluated in a larger population. KW - RSI KW - translation-reliability KW - back-pain screening KW - yellow flags KW - psychosocial moderators Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58040469 SN - 1648-9144 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Kaunas Univ. of Medicine CY - Kaunas, Litauen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stuchtey, Fidelis Christin A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Osei, Francis A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Lipid Biomarkers in Depression: Does Antidepressant Therapy Have an Impact? JF - Healthcare : open access journal N2 - Studies have revealed mixed results on how antidepressant drugs affect lipid profiles of patients with major depression disorder (MDD). Even less is known about how patients respond to a switch of antidepressant medication with respect to their metabolic profile. For this, effects of a switch in antidepressants medication on lipid markers were studied in MDD patients. 15 participants (females = 86.67%; males = 13.33%; age: 49.45 ± 7.45 years) with MDD and a prescribed switch in their antidepressant medication were recruited at a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic. Participants were characterized (with questionnaires and blood samples) at admission to the rehabilitation clinic (baseline, T0) and followed up with a blood sample two weeks (T1) later. HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined (T0), and their change analyzed (Wilcoxon test) at follow up (T1). Decrements in HDL (p = 0.041), LDL (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p < 0.001) were observed two weeks after a switch in antidepressant medication. Triglycerides showed no difference (p = 0.699). Overall, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol are affected by a change in antidepressant drugs in patients with MDD. These observations are of clinical relevance for medical practitioners in the planning and management of treatment strategies for MDD patients. KW - major depressive disorder KW - antidepressants KW - high density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - HDL KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - LDL KW - cholesterol KW - triglycerides KW - lipids Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020333 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Dresen, Verena A1 - Pixner, Silvia A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Children's spatial language skills predict their verbal number skills BT - A longitudinal study JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The process of number symbolization is assumed to be critically influenced by the acquisition of so-called verbal number skills (e.g., verbally reciting the number chain and naming Arabic numerals). For the acquisition of these verbal number skills, verbal and visuospatial skills are discussed as contributing factors. In this context, children’s verbal number skills have been found to be associated with their concurrent spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind). In a longitudinal study with three measurement times (T1, T2, T3) at an interval of about 6 months, we evaluated the predictive role of preschool children’s (mean age at T1: 3 years and 10 months) spatial language skills for the acquisition of verbal number skills. Children’s spatial language skills at T2 significantly predicted their verbal number skills at T3, when controlling for influences of important covariates such as vocabulary knowledge. In addition, further analyses replicated previous results indicating that children’s spatial language skills at T2 were associated with their verbal number skills at T2. Exploratory analyses further revealed that children’s verbal number skills at T1 predict their spatial language at T2. Results suggests that better spatial language skills at the age of 4 years facilitate the future acquisition of verbal number skills. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277026 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 10 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuschäfer-Rube, Frank A1 - Pathe-Neuschäfer-Rube, Andrea A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul T1 - Discrimination of the activity of low-affinity wild-type and high-affinity mutant recombinant BoNT/B by a SIMA cell-based reporter release assay JF - Toxins N2 - Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used for the treatment of a number of ailments. The activity of the toxin that is isolated from bacterial cultures is frequently tested in the mouse lethality assay. Apart from the ethical concerns inherent to this assay, species-specific differences in the affinity for different BoNT serotypes give rise to activity results that differ from the activity in humans. Thus, BoNT/B is more active in mice than in humans. The current study shows that the stimulus-dependent release of a luciferase from a differentiated human neuroblastoma–based reporter cell line (SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc) was inhibited by clostridial and recombinant BoNT/A to the same extent, whereas both clostridial and recombinant BoNT/B inhibited the release to a lesser extent and only at much higher concentrations, reflecting the low activity of BoNT/B in humans. By contrast, the genetically modified BoNT/B-MY, which has increased affinity for human synaptotagmin, and the BoNT/B protein receptor inhibited luciferase release effectively and with an EC50 comparable to recombinant BoNT/A. This was due to an enhanced uptake into the reporter cells of BoNT/B-MY in comparison to the recombinant wild-type toxin. Thus, the SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc cell assay is a versatile tool to determine the activity of different BoNT serotypes providing human-relevant dose-response data. KW - cell-based assay KW - genetically modified BoNT KW - BoNT/B uptake Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010065 SN - 2072-6651 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion JF - Nature Communnications N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusionmodel and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a wellcalibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output. KW - random-walk KW - models Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Hammann, Angelika T1 - L’initiative « Universités Européennes » T1 - Europäische Hochschulallianzen T1 - The ‚european universities‘ initiative BT - l’héritage et les apports franco-allemands dans un nouveau modèle en construction BT - deutsch-französisches Erbe und Einflüsse in einem Modell im Aufbau BT - the French-German heritage and contributions N2 - Le Président de la République française, Emmanuel Macron, a prononcé le 26 septembre 2017 dans le grand auditorium de l’Université de la Sorbonne devant un public composé d’étudiants et de responsables politiques un ambitieux discours sur l’Europe. Parmi ses « initiatives pour l’Europe » figure la création d’universités européennes. L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en lumière l’héritage et les apports français et allemands dans ce nouveau modèle de partenariat européen en construction. Quel est le rôle joué par le niveau ministériel en France et en Allemagne dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de l’initiative ? Quel est le degré et quelle est la nature d’intervention des Agences nationales Erasmus dans chacun des deux pays ? Quel est le positionnement de l’Université franco-allemande par rapport à ces nouvelles alliances ainsi que sa contribution ? À partir de trois exemples, à savoir les alliances ECIU, EPICUR et FORTHM, nous illustrons comment la coopération franco-allemande ainsi que les relations transfrontalières développées au sein de réseaux préexistants alimentent ces « réseaux des réseaux ». Ce mémoire puise ses principales sources de 15 entretiens semi-directifs, menés entre août 2020 et janvier 2021 auprès d’acteurs allemands, français et européens. La richesse de leur expertise nourrit la conclusion dans laquelle nous tentons de mettre en exergue la dimension franco-allemande de cette initiative. Avec un regard franco-allemand, nous proposons un résumé des actuelles forces, opportunités, faiblesses et menaces qui favorisent ou entravent le développement de cette nouvelle initiative. Der Präsident der französischen Republik, Emmanuel Macron, hielt am 26. September 2017 im großen Hörsaal der Universität Sorbonne vor einem Publikum aus Studenten und Politikern eine ambitionierte Rede zu Europa. Zu seinen "Initiativen für Europa" gehört die Schaffung von Europäischen Hochschulnetzwerken. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, das deutsch-französische Erbe sowie die Beiträge beider Länder in diesen neuen Modellen zu untersuchen :.Welche Rolle spielt die ministerielle Ebene in Frankreich und Deutschland bei der Umsetzung der Initiative? In welchem Umfang und auf welche Art und Weise beteiligen sich die nationalen Erasmus-Agenturen in beiden Ländern ? Welche Position nimmt die Deutsch-Französische Hochschule in Bezug auf diese neuen Allianzen ein und welche Unterstützung bietet sie? Anhand von drei Beispielen, den Allianzen ECIU, EPICUR und FORTHM, wird beschrieben, welche Beiträge die deutsch-französische Zusammenarbeit sowie grenzüberschreitende Kooperationen leisten. Die Hauptquellen für diese Masterarbeit stellen 15 semidirektive Experteninterviews dar, die zwischen August 2020 und Januar 2021 mit deutschen, französischen und europäischen Akteuren geführt wurden. Der Reichtum ihrer Expertise fließt in die Schlussfolgerung ein, in der wir versuchen, die deutsch-französische Dimension dieser Initiative hervorzuheben. Mit einer deutsch-französischen Perspektive versuchen wir, die Stärken, Chancen, Schwächen und Bedrohungen zusammenzufassen, die die Entwicklung dieser neuen Initiative begünstigen oder behindern. The President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, gave an ambitious speech on Europe to an audience of students and politicians in the large lecture hall of the Sorbonne University on 26 September 2017. Among his "Initiatives for Europe" is the creation of European University Networks. The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine the Franco-German heritage and the contributions of both countries in these new models :.What is the role of the ministerial level in France and Germany in the implementation of the initiative? To what extent and in what way do the national Erasmus agencies in both countries participate ? What is the position of the Franco-German University in relation to these new alliances and what support does it offer? Using three examples, the ECIU, EPICUR and FORTHM alliances, the contributions of Franco-German cooperation and cross-border cooperation are described. The main sources for this Master's thesis are 15 semi-directive expert interviews conducted with German, French and European actors between August 2020 and January 2021. The wealth of their expertise feeds into the conclusion, in which we try to highlight the Franco-German dimension of this initiative. With a Franco-German perspective, we try to summarise the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that favour or hinder the development of this new initiative. N2 - Der Präsident der französischen Republik, Emmanuel Macron, hielt am 26. September 2017 im großen Hörsaal der Universität Sorbonne vor einem Publikum aus Studenten und Politikern eine ambitionierte Rede zu Europa. Zu seinen "Initiativen für Europa" gehört die Schaffung von Europäischen Hochschulnetzwerken. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, das deutsch-französische Erbe sowie die Beiträge beider Länder in diesen neuen Modellen zu untersuchen :.Welche Rolle spielt die ministerielle Ebene in Frankreich und Deutschland bei der Umsetzung der Initiative? In welchem Umfang und auf welche Art und Weise beteiligen sich die nationalen Erasmus-Agenturen in beiden Ländern ? Welche Position nimmt die Deutsch-Französische Hochschule in Bezug auf diese neuen Allianzen ein und welche Unterstützung bietet sie? Anhand von drei Beispielen, den Allianzen ECIU, EPICUR und FORTHM, wird beschrieben, welche Beiträge die deutsch-französische Zusammenarbeit sowie grenzüberschreitende Kooperationen leisten. Die Hauptquellen für diese Masterarbeit stellen 15 semidirektive Experteninterviews dar, die zwischen August 2020 und Januar 2021 mit deutschen, französischen und europäischen Akteuren geführt wurden. Der Reichtum ihrer Expertise fließt in die Schlussfolgerung ein, in der wir versuchen, die deutsch-französische Dimension dieser Initiative hervorzuheben. Mit einer deutsch-französischen Perspektive versuchen wir, die Stärken, Chancen, Schwächen und Bedrohungen zusammenzufassen, die die Entwicklung dieser neuen Initiative begünstigen oder behindern. N2 - The President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, gave an ambitious speech on Europe to an audience of students and politicians in the large lecture hall of the Sorbonne University on 26 September 2017. Among his "Initiatives for Europe" is the creation of European University Networks. The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine the Franco-German heritage and the contributions of both countries in these new models :.What is the role of the ministerial level in France and Germany in the implementation of the initiative? To what extent and in what way do the national Erasmus agencies in both countries participate ? What is the position of the Franco-German University in relation to these new alliances and what support does it offer? Using three examples, the ECIU, EPICUR and FORTHM alliances, the contributions of Franco-German cooperation and cross-border cooperation are described. The main sources for this Master's thesis are 15 semi-directive expert interviews conducted with German, French and European actors between August 2020 and January 2021. The wealth of their expertise feeds into the conclusion, in which we try to highlight the Franco-German dimension of this initiative. With a Franco-German perspective, we try to summarise the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that favour or hinder the development of this new initiative. T3 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 5 KW - initiative „universités européenne“ KW - Initiative „europäische Hochschulnetzwerke“ KW - initiative „European University Networks“ Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541681 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiß, Norman A1 - Lanzl, Theresa T1 - Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Mitgliedschaft Russlands im Europarat JF - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht N2 - Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat auch die Europäische Menschenrechtsarchitektur ins Wanken gebracht. Der Europarat reagierte schnell und beendete die Mitgliedschaft der Russischen Föderation. Aus diesem Anlass blickt der Beitrag zurück auf die wechselvolle Geschichte der Mitgliedschaft Russlands im Europarat. Seit dem Beitritt vor 26 Jahren haben Konfrontationen die – oftmals kurzen– Phasen der Kooperation überschattet. Das wirft die Frage auf, inwieweit die „Politik des Dialogs“ gegenüber der Russischen Föderation geeignet war, die Menschenrechtslage in Russland zu verbessern. Der Beitrag legt zudem die rechtlichen Grundlagen von Beitritt und Ende der Mitgliedschaft dar und untersucht, wie sich der Ausschluss auf die Anwendbarkeit der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) auswirkt. Der Ausschluss Russlands stellt einen Wendepunkt dar. Zwar wird damit ein potenziell gefährlicher Präzedenzfall geschaffen. Jedoch entsteht durch die geschlossene Reaktion der restlichen Mitgliedstaaten auch ein Momentum für Reformen und eine Rückbesinnung auf das Gründungsziel des Europarates – die kollektive Durchsetzung der Menschenrechte. N2 - The Russian war of aggression on Ukraine has also shaken the European human rights architecture. The Council of Europe reacted quickly and terminated the Russian Federation's membership. On this occasion, the article looks back at the chequered history of Russia's membership in the Council of Europe. Since its accession 26 years ago, confrontations have overshadowed the - often brief - phases of cooperation. This raises the question of the extent to which the "policy of dialogue" towards the Russian Federation was suitable for improving the human rights situation in Russia. The article also sets out the legal basis for accession and the end of membership and examines how the exclusion affects the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Russia's exclusion represents a turning point. To be sure, it sets a potentially dangerous precedent. However, the united response of the remaining member states also creates momentum for reform and a return to the founding purpose of the Council of Europe - the collective enforcement of human rights. KW - Europarat KW - Russische Föderation KW - Ende der Mitgliedschaft Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2022-4-801 SN - 0044-2348 SN - 0172-4770 VL - 82 IS - 4 SP - 801 EP - 829 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anders, Janet A1 - Sait, Connor R. J. A1 - Horsley, Simon A. R. T1 - Quantum Brownian motion for magnets JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - Spin precession in magnetic materials is commonly modelled with the classical phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. Based on a quantized three-dimensional spin + environment Hamiltonian, we here derive a spin operator equation of motion that describes precession and includes a general form of damping that consistently accounts for memory, coloured noise and quantum statistics. The LLG equation is recovered as its classical, Ohmic approximation. We further introduce resonant Lorentzian system-reservoir couplings that allow a systematic comparison of dynamics between Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes. Finally, we simulate the full non-Markovian dynamics of a spin in the semi-classical limit. At low temperatures, our numerical results demonstrate a characteristic reduction and flattening of the steady state spin alignment with an external field, caused by the quantum statistics of the environment. The results provide a powerful framework to explore general three-dimensional dissipation in quantum thermodynamics. KW - open quantum systems KW - coloured and quantum noise KW - memory effects KW - spin KW - dynamics KW - LLG equation KW - magnetisation KW - quantum thermodynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac4ef2 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 24 IS - 3 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reich, Karin ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Die Beziehungen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Hans Christian Ørsted BT - Treffen, Briefwechsel JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted gehörte zu den bedeutendsten Physikern seiner Zeit, er und Michael Faraday waren die Schöpfer des Elektromagnetismus. Ein erstes Treffen zwischen Alexander von Humboldt und Oersted fand im Frühjahr 1823 in Paris statt. Weitere Treffen folgten in Altona bzw. Hamburg im Jahr 1827, in Berlin 1828, in Berlin und Potsdam 1843 sowie in Kopenhagen 1845. Die erhaltenen Briefe – zwei Briefe von Humboldt an Ørsted sowie zwei Briefentwürfe von Oersted an Humboldt – gewähren weitere Einblicke in das gute Verhältnis, das diese beiden Wissenschaftler miteinander pflegten. Obwohl Ørsted eines der treuesten Mitglieder des Göttinger Magnetischen Vereins war und beste Beziehungen zu Gauß und Weber unterhielt, spielten im „Kosmos“ Ørsteds Beiträge zum Erdmagnetismus keine Rolle, hier wurden nur Ørsteds Beiträge zum Elektromagnetismus gewürdigt. N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted was one of the most famous physicists of his time, he and Michael Faraday founded the new discipline electromagnetism. A first meeting between Alexander von Humboldt and Ørsted took place in Paris in spring 1823. Several other meetings followed, 1827 in Altona respectively Hamburg, 1828 in Berlin, 1843 in Berlin and Potsdam and 1845 in Kopenhagen. The still existing four letters, two letters from Humboldt to Ørsted and two drafts from Ørsted to Humboldt, give an insight into the relationship, the two scientists were on good terms. Though Ørsted was one of the most important members of the Göttinger Magnetic Association and a real friend of Gauss and Weber, Ørsted’s contributions to terrestrial magnetism played no role in the „Kosmos“, there Humboldt admired only Ørsted’s contributions to electromagnetism. N2 - Hans Christian Ørsted était un des plus fameux physiciens de son temps. Lui est Michael Faraday ont établi la nouvelle discipline électromagnétisme. Au printemps de l’année 1823 Alexander von Humboldt et Ørsted se sont rencontrés pour la première fois à Paris. Plusieurs autres rencontres suivaient, à Altona ou à Hambourg en 1827, à Berlin en 1828, à Berlin ou Potsdam en 1843 et à Copenhague en 1845. Les quatre lettres conserves, deux lettres de Humboldt à Ørsted et deux esquisses de Oersted à Humboldt, illustrent la bonne relation entre les deux savants. Quoique Ørsted fût en des membres les plus importants de l’Association Magnétique de Gottingue“ et un ami étroit de Gauss et de Weber, ses contributions au magnétisme terrestre ne jouaient pas de role dans le „Cosmos“, Humboldt n’y admirait que les contributions de Ørsted à l’électromagnétisme. KW - Christian VIII. KW - Copley-Medaille KW - Elektromagnetismus KW - Erdmagnetismus KW - Friedrich Wilhelm IV. KW - Göttinger Magnetischer Verein KW - Humboldtscher Magnetischer Verein KW - Magnetisches Observatorium KW - Orden Pour le Mérite KW - Hans Christian Ørsted Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592381 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 73 EP - 96 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ángel Puig-Samper, Miguel ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Humboldt and his geographical album of New Spain JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - During his trip to New Spain in 1803, Alexander von Humboldt visited large tracts of New Spanish territory, which includes modern Mexico and part of the United States. This trip provided the data for his geographical Atlas of the region, as well as information about the ancient Mexican cultures that he would later include in the general Atlas and in other major works, such as Vues des Cordillères. Likewise, Humboldt’s Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain displayed a comprehensive physical, natural, economic, and social description of Mexico in the colonial period, which will also be analysed. With these works, Humboldt presented a new geographical and cultural image of New Spain to the European audiences. In addition to this, his work made important contributions to cartographic knowledge. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt en su viaje a Nueva España en 1803 tuvo la oportunidad de viajar por gran parte del territorio novohispano, que incluye Mexico y parte de del actual territorio de Estados Unidos. Este viaje le permitió preparar un Atlas geográfico de la región, además de obtener información sobre las antiguas culturas mexicanas que luego plasmará en el Atlas general del viaje y en algunas de sus principales obras como Vues des Cordillères. Asimismo, Humboldt hizo una excelente descripción física, natural, económica y social de México en la época colonial en su Ensayo político sobre el Reino de la Nueva España que también será analizado. Con estas obras Humboldt logró ofrecer una nueva imagen del territorio novohispano y sus riquezas al mundo europeo, así como un conocimiento cartográfico de gran importancia. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt, lors de son voyage en Nouvelle-Espagne en 1803, a eu l’occasion de parcourir une grande partie du territoire de la Nouvelle-Espagne, qui comprend le Mexique et une partie du territoire actuel des États-Unis. Ce voyage lui a permis de préparer un Atlas géographique de la région, ainsi que d’obtenir des informations sur les anciennes cultures mexicaines qu'il inclura plus tard dans l’Atlas général du voyage et dans certaines de ses œuvres principales comme Vues des Cordillères. Humboldt a également donné une excellente description physique, naturelle, économique et sociale du Mexique à l’époque coloniale dans son Essai Politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne, qui sera également analysé. Avec ces travaux, Humboldt a réussi à offrir au monde européen une nouvelle image du Nouveau territoire espagnol et de ses richesses, de même qu’une connaissance cartographique de grande importance. KW - New Spain KW - Mexico KW - geographical album Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592335 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 29 EP - 71 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt im Archiv BT - die Entstehung eines neuen Humboldt-Bildes aus dem mobilen Blick in vergangene Zukünfte JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Der Aufsatz erschließt die Anfänge, Ergebnisse und Erfolge der editionsphilologischen Arbeit im laufenden Projekt des BBAW-Langzeitvorhabens „Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen – Wissenschaft aus der Bewegung“ und gibt einen Überblick über die Zukünfte philologischen Arbeitens mit den Methoden der Digital Humanities. Dabei werden auch bibliophile Druckausgaben digitaler Publikationen und die kontinuierliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Figur Alexander von Humboldts in den Blick genommen, was durch zahlreiche Vernetzungen zwischen Institutionen international gefördert und durch kontinuierliche Kooperationen insbesondere durch das neu gegründete Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha erweitert wird. Diskutiert wird die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung der graphischen und visuellen Dimension des Humboldt’schen Archivs, die durch die digitale Aufbereitung des Materials Forscher:innen weltweit miteinander verbindet und neue Forschungskonzepte eröffnet. N2 - The article opens up the beginnings, results and successes of the philological work on the digital scholarly editions in the current project of the BBAW long-term project “Travelling Humboldt – Science on the Move” and gives an overview of the future of philological methods within the Digital Humanities. It focuses also on bibliophilic print editions of digital publications and the ongoing public relations work of Alexander von Humboldt’s figure, which is promoted internationally through numerous networks between institutions and expanded through ongoing collaborations, especially through the newly founded Humboldt Center for Transdisciplinary Studies (HCTS) in China/Changsha. The article discusses the scientific significance of the graphic and visual dimension of Humboldt’s archive, which connects researchers worldwide through the digital realization of the material and gives rise to new research concepts. N2 - El artículo expone los inicios, resultados y éxitos del trabajo filológico de edición en el proyecto actual de la BBAW “Humboldt Viajero – Ciencia en movimiento“. En ese contexto ofrece una visión general del futuro del trabajo filológico con los métodos de las Humanidades Digitales. También se prestará atención a las ediciones impresas bibliófilas de las publicaciones digitales y a las relaciones públicas de la figura de Alexander von Humboldt, que se promueve internacionalmente a través de numerosas redes entre instituciones y se amplía mediante colaboraciones continuas, especialmente a través del recién fundado Centro Humboldt de Estudios Transdisciplinarios (HCTS) en China/Changsha. Se debatirá la importancia académica de la dimensión gráfica y visual del archivo de Humboldt, que conecta a investigadores de todo el mundo a través del realización digital del material y abre nuevos conceptos de investigación. KW - edition humboldt digital KW - edition humboldt print Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592326 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 13 EP - 28 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biermann, Kurt-Reinhard ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Kurt-R. Biermann: Die Datierung der Briefe Alexander von Humboldts BT - dargestellt als Modellfall für die editorische Bearbeitung naturwissenschaftlicher Briefe und Dokumente (Mit einer einleitenden Bemerkung von Ingo Schwarz) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies KW - Kurt-R. Biermann KW - Briefeditionen KW - Geschichte der Alexander-von-Humboldt-Forschung KW - Datierung von Briefen Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592404 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 97 EP - 106 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Päßler, Ulrich A1 - Schwarz, Ingo ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Ein Brief Alexander von Humboldts an Charles-Guillaume Étienne JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Dieser Artikel skizziert erstmals Alexander von Humboldts Verbindung zu dem französischen Dramatiker, Parlamentarier und Miteigentümer der Tageszeitung „Le Constitutionnel“ Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). Wir veröffentlichen das einzige bislang bekannte Schreiben Humboldts an Étienne und stellen Erwähnungen Humboldts sowie seines gelehrten Netzwerkes in „Le Constitutionnel“ der Jahre 1821 bis 1826 zusammen. Die Dokumente machen deutlich, wie Humboldt Zeitungsberichte für seine wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit einsetzte. N2 - This article outlines for the first time Alexander von Humboldt’s connection to the French playwright, parliamentarian, and co-owner of the daily newspaper “Le Constitutionnel” Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). We publish the only letter from Humboldt to Étienne known to date and compile references to Humboldt as well as his scholarly network in “Le Constitutionnel” from 1821 to 1826. The documents illustrate how Humboldt made use of newspaper reports to manage his scientific public relations. N2 - Cet article expose pour la première fois les liens entre Alexander von Humboldt et l’auteur dramatique, parlementaire et copropriétaire du quotidien « Le Constitutionnel » Charles-Guillaume Étienne (1777–1845). Nous publions la seule lettre de Humboldt à Étienne actuellement connue et compilons les mentions à Humboldt ainsi qu’à son réseau savant dans « Le Constitutionnel » de 1821 à 1826. Les documents illustrent comment Humboldt a utilisé les articles de journaux pour sa communication scientifique. KW - Korrespondenz Alexander von Humboldts KW - Wissenschaftsförderung KW - Publizistik Le Costitutionnel Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592295 SN - 2568-3543 SN - 1617-5239 VL - XXIII IS - 45 SP - 5 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holl, Frank ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Hinweis zum Beitrag von Irene Prüfer Leske in HiN, Bd. 22, Nr. 43 (2021) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies KW - Aimé Bonpland KW - Irene Prüfer Leske KW - Avé-Lallemant KW - Stephen Bell Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-590028 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 173 EP - 173 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz-Lüpertz, Eberhard ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen BT - auf den Spuren eines Helgoland-Briefs JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Die beiden Forschungsreisenden Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen haben sich während der gemeinsamen Studienzeit in Göttingen kennengelernt und sich dort über ihre Arbeiten zur Naturkunde ausgetauscht. Später brach Seetzen, wie Humboldt, zu einer großen Expedition auf, die ihn als ersten Europäer durch das zentrale Afrika führen sollte. Seine Forschungen im Nahen Osten gelten bis heute als Pionierleistungen der Orientalistik. Das Unternehmen fand auf der arabischen Halbinsel ein vorzeitiges, tragisches Ende. Über die Beziehung der beiden Kommilitonen während ihrer Göttinger Zeit war bislang wenig bekannt. Ein kürzlich entdecktes Brieffragment ermöglicht neue Einblicke. Es erweist sich als eine Abschrift Seetzens aus einem bislang unbekannten Brief des einundzwanzigjährigen Humboldt über dessen Helgolandreise 1790. Im Zusammenhang mit weiteren Quellen kann diese Jugendfreundschaft nun besser bewertet werden. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt and the Frisian naturalist Ulrich Jasper Seetzen met in 1789 during their studies at the University of Göttingen. They shared common scientific interests in natural history. Later Seetzen, like Humboldt, conducted a multidisciplinary expedition which was meant to encompass the Middle East, Arabia and, as a final destination, central Africa which he intended to traverse as the first European traveller. The expedition came to an abrupt end in Yemen. This short description of Seetzen’s life and work focuses on his early relation to Humboldt. The paper centers around an investigation of a manuscript written by Seetzen which turns out to be an excerpt of a so far unknown letter by the 21-year-old Humboldt featuring a short observation abstract of his journey to the North Sea island Helgoland in 1790. N2 - Les deux voyageurs scientifiques Alexandre de Humboldt et Ulrich Jasper Seetzen se sont connus au cours de leurs études universitaires à Goettingen. Ce fut là qu’ils se sont échangés sur la connaissance de la nature. Comme Humboldt, Seetzen partit pour une grande expédition qui devait le conduire, en tant que premier Européen, à l’Afrique centrale. Ses recherches au Proche-Orient sont considérées, aujourd’hui même, comme des travaux pionniers de l’orientalisme. A la péninsule arabe, son entreprise échoua d’une façon tragique. Peu de chose est connu, jusqu’à présent, de leurs relations pendant leurs études à Goettingen. Le fragment d‘’une lettre récemment découverte nous permet d’en savoir plus. Il s’agit de la copie de la main de Seetzen d’une lettre, inconnue jusqu’à maintenant, du jeune Humboldt âgé de 21 anssur son voyagew à lîle de Helgoland en 1790. A l’aide d’autres sources en plus, l’amitié entre les deux jeunes peut être évalué d’une façon plus précise. KW - Ulrich Jasper Seetzen KW - Helgoland Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589870 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 95 EP - 130 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hülsenberg, Dagmar ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Anwendung naturwissenschaftlicher und kameralistischer Erkenntnisse auf die Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen durch den jungen Alexander von Humboldt JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Alexander von Humboldt gehört zu den ersten Fachleuten, die für die sichere Beherrschung technischer und ökonomischer Prozesse gleichzeitig naturwissenschaftliche und kameralistische Kenntnisse anwendeten und dabei weiterentwickelten. Durch die allseitige Betrachtung von Herstellungsvorgängen gelang es ihm, für seine Vorgesetzten gut durchdachte Vorschläge zur Gestaltung der Rohstoffverarbeitung zu formulieren. Nach einigen Fakten aus seinem kameralistischen und hüttenmännischen Studium wird das anhand von Beispielen belegt. Dazu gehören u. a. die Anlage von Gradierwerken, der Einsatz hochwertiger Rohstoffe in der Steingutfertigung, die Anwendung von Komplexrohstoffen zur Glasschmelze, die Auswahl effektiver Wasserräder, die Dimensionierung der Gaskanäle in Porzellanbrennöfen sowie der Einsatz von Flussmitteln für die Roheisenschmelze. Bei der Ausreichung eines königlichen Kredites für die Blaufarbenherstellung zeigte sich der Kameralist. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt was one of the first experts to apply simultaneously scientific and fiscal (cameralistic) knowledge for mastering and developing technological and economic processes. Based on thorough observations of manufacturing processes he wrote reports to his supervisors which included well-founded suggestions for improving the processing of raw materials. This paper provides some facts about Humboldt’s studies in fiscal accounting and metallurgy, and discusses examples which show how he used his expertise for developing technological processes. These examples refer for instance to the installation of walls made of branches and twigs that allow salt water to evaporate, the use of high-quality raw materials for pottery, complex raw materials for glass melting, the choice of the most efficient water wheels, porcelain furnaces with optimal gas channels and the use of fluxing agents for the melt of pig-iron. Similarly, Humboldt revealed his economic acumen by advising on loans from the Crown for cobalt blue manufacturing. N2 - Alexander von Humboldt fue uno de los primeros expertos en aplicar al mismo tiempo el conocimiento científico y fiscal (cameralismo) para dominar y desarrollar procesos tecnológicos y económicos. Sobre la base de observaciones exhaustivas de los procesos de fabricación, escribió informes a sus supervisores que incluían sugerencias bien fundamentadas para mejorar el procesamiento de las materias primas. Este artículo proporciona algunos datos sobre los estudios de Humboldt en contabilidad fiscal y metalurgia, y analiza ejemplos que muestran cómo utilizó su experiencia para desarrollar procesos tecnológicos. Estos ejemplos se refieren, por ejemplo, a la instalación de torres de graduación salina, el uso de materias primas de alta calidad en la producción cerámica, materias primas complejas para fundir vidrio, la elección de las ruedas hidráulicas más eficientes, el dimensionamiento de los conductos de gas en hornos de porcelana con canales de gas óptimos y el uso de agentes fundentes para la fundición de arrabio. Del mismo modo, Humboldt reveló su perspicacia económica al asesorar sobre préstamos de la Corona para la fabricación de azul cobalto. KW - Naturwissenschaft KW - Ökonomie KW - Rohstoffverarbeitung KW - Technologie KW - Komplexität Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589363 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 33 EP - 57 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stottmeister, Ulrich ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Der Mineraloge August Schmidt und die Entdeckung der Ural-Diamanten 1829 BT - Teil II: Schmidts wissenschaftlicher Diamanten-Beweis und sein weiteres Schicksal im Ural JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Aus Archivfunden und historischen Zeitungsberichten rekonstruiert der Artikel die Lebensspuren von August Schmidt (1802–1832) während seiner Tätigkeit im Ural als Mineraloge und Bergwerksverwalter. Ausführlich werden die von Schmidt angewendeten naturwissenschaftlichen Analysemethoden beschrieben, mit denen ihm der eindeutige Nachweis der ersten gefundenen Ural-Diamanten gelang. Schmidt überbrachte Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) einen der Diamanten als Geschenk seines Vorgesetzten, Adolphe Graf von Polier (1795–1830), und erhielt die Gelegenheit, Humboldt seine eigenen Ideen zur technischen Modernisierung und zur Energieeinsparung vorzustellen. Der frühe Tod von August Schmidt, der im Ural Fjodor Fjodorowitsch Schmidt genannt wurde, verhinderte weitgehend die Verwirklichung dieser Ideen und führte durch die Vornamensunterschiede zu gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzungen um seinen Nachlass. N2 - August Schmidt (1802–1832) during his time in the Urals as a mineralogist and mining administrator. The scientific analysis methods used by Schmidt with which he was able to clearly identify the first Ural diamonds found are described in detail. Schmidt presented Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) one of the diamonds as a gift from his superior, Adolphe Comte de Polier (1795–1830), and was given the opportunity to present Humboldt his own ideas for technical modernization and energy economy. The early death of August Schmidt, who was called Fyodor Fyodorovich Schmidt in the Urals, largely prevented the realization of these ideas and led to legal disputes over his estate due to the difference in first names. N2 - В статье на основе архивных материалов и исторических газетных сообщений реконструируется жизнь Августа Шмидта (1802–1832 гг.) во время его работы на Урале в качестве минералога и Управляющего рудником. Подробно описаны методы научного анализа, использованные Шмидтом, с помощью которых он смог однозначно идентифицировать первые найденные уральские алмазы. Шмидт передал Александру фон Гумбольдту (1769–1859) один из алмазов в качестве подарка от своего начальника, графа Адольфа Польера (1795–1830), и получил возможность представить Гумбольдту свои собственные идеи по технической модернизации и энергосбережению. Ранняя смерть Августа Шмидта, которого на Урале называли Фёдором Фёдоровичем Шмидтом, во многом помешала реализации этих идей и привела к судебным спорам по делам его наследствa из-за разного написания имени. KW - Diamanten-Identifikation KW - Gespräch mit Humboldt KW - August Schmidt KW - Mineralogie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589945 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 131 EP - 160 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Korneffel, Peter ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Alexander von Humboldt postfrisch BT - die Rezeption des deutschen Naturforschers in der weltweiten Philatelie JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Seit 1950 erschienen weltweit über hundert Briefmarken mit Alexander von Humboldt und/oder seinen grafischen Arbeiten als Motive. Peter Korneffel verarbeitete die komplette Sammlung der Marken aus über 25 Ländern zu dem Buch Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken sowie zu mehreren philatelistischen Ausstellungen und Vorträgen. Der Festvortrag vom 5.9.2019 in Berlin zum offiziellen Erscheinen der Sonderbriefmarke 250. Geburtstag Alexander von Humboldt bildet die Grundlage zu diesem Beitrag. Die Motive, ihre Gestaltung, ihre thematische Kontextualisierung, sowie die Herausgeber und die Zeitpunkte des Erscheinens der jeweiligen Briefmarken dokumentieren eine teils zufällige und teils überraschende Humboldt-Rezeption. Recherchierte Hintergründe zu den Ausgaben und Illustrationen vertiefen hierin eine bislang weitestgehend unbekannte Rezeptionsgeschichte. N2 - Desde 1950, han aparecido en todo el mundo más de 100 sellos con Alexander von Humboldt y/o sus obras gráficas como motivo. Peter Korneffel procesó la colección completa de sellos de más de 25 países en el libro Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken, así como para varias exposiciones filatélicas y conferencias. La conferencia conmemorativa del 5 de Septiembre 2019 en Berlín con motivo del lanzamiento oficial del sello de emisión especial 250 aniversario de Alexander von Humboldt. Los motivos, su diseño, su contextualización temática, así como los editores y las fechas de emisión de los respectivos sellos documentan una recepción de Humboldt en parte casual y en parte sorprendente. La información de fondo investigada sobre los temas y las ilustraciones proporcionan una mirada en profundidad a una historia hasta ahora muy desconocida de la recepción de Humboldt. N2 - Since 1950, more than 100 stamps with Alexander von Humboldt and/or his graphic works as motifs have appeared worldwide. Peter Korneffel processed the complete collection of stamps from over 25 countries into the book Alexander von Humboldt. Weltmarken as well as for several philatelic exhibitions and lectures. The commemorative lecture on 5 September 2019 in Berlin on the occasion of the official release of the special issue stamp 250th Birthday of Alexander von Humboldt. The motifs, their design, their thematic contextualisation, as well as the publishers and the dates of issue of the respective stamps document a partly coincidental and partly surprising Humboldt reception. Researched background information on the issues and illustrations provide an in-depth look at a hitherto largely unknown history of Humboldt's reception. KW - Philatelie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589433 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 59 EP - 82 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Jie-Oun ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Erzählstrategien eines transdisziplinären Naturforschers JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - In dieser vorliegenden Untersuchung habe ich versucht, mit den narratologischen Methoden die spezifische Erzählweise in Alexander von Humboldts Kosmos herauszufinden und sie auf ihre naturanschaulichen Implikationen hin zu deuten. Wir konnten im Kosmos einen Erzähler feststellen, den man in der Literaturwissenschaft als einen auktorialen Erzähler bezeichnen würde. Dieser Erzähler verwandelt sich im Laufe der Zeit in andere Erzählfiguren wie in die „denkende Betrachtung“, den „ordnenden Geist“ usw. Die Natur wird von ihrem Standpunkt aus erlebend beschrieben. In konkreten Textteilen tritt ein Textsubjekt auf, das sich mithilfe der „Analogien“, „Person als Authentizität“ und „modaler Werte“ als kompetentes Diskurs-Subjekt des jeweiligen naturwissenschaftlichen Bereichs konstituiert. Die erzählstrategischen oder epistemischen Stichworte im Kosmos sind naturwissenschaftliches Wissen, Experimente, Messen, Beobachten und die neuesten Messinstrumente. Neben ihnen sind Analogie, Authentizität und modale Werte wichtige erzählerische Episteme. N2 - In this study, I tried to use narratological methods to find out specific narrative characteristics in Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos and to point them out to their view of nature. We were able to identify a narrator in Kosmos who would be called an ‘omniscient narrator’ in literary studies. In the course of time, this narrator transforms into other narrative characters such as ‘thinking contemplation/denkende Betrachtung’, ‘organizing spirit/ordnenden Geist’ etc. Nature is described from its point of view. In concrete parts of the text, a text-subject appears which, with the help of ‘analogies’, ‘person as authenticity’ and ‘modal values’, constitutes itself as a competent discourse-subject of the respective scientific area. The narrative strategic or epistemic keywords in Kosmos are scientific knowledge, experiments, measurement, observation and the latest measuring instruments. Alongside them, analogy, authenticity, and modal values are important narrative episteme. N2 - Dans cette étude, j’ai essayé d’utiliser des méthodes narratives pour trouver des caractéristiques narratives spécifiques dans Kosmos et les mettre en évidence dans leur vision de la nature. Nous avons pu identifier un narrateur dans le Kosmos d’Alexander von Humboldt qui serait considéré comme « narrateur omniscient » dans les études littéraires. Au fil du temps, ce narrateur se transforme en d'autres personnages narratifs tels que « la contemplation de la pensée/denkende Betrachtung », « l’organisation de l’esprit/ordnenden Geist », etc. La nature est décrite de son point de vue. Dans les parties concrètes du texte, un sujet apparaît dans le texte et, à l’aide d’« analogies », de « personne comme authenticité » et de « valeurs modales », se constitue lui-même comme un sujet de discours compétent dans le domaine scientifique concerné. Les mots-clés narratifs stratégiques ou épistémiques dans Kosmos sont les connaissances scientifiques, les expériences, la mesure, l’observation et les derniers instruments de mesure. L’analogie, l’authenticité et les valeurs modales y sont aussi des épisodes narratifs importants. KW - Kosmos KW - Erzählweise KW - Humboldtian Writing Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589836 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 83 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Petra ED - Ette, Ottmar ED - Knobloch, Eberhard T1 - Ernste Kunst kann nicht gedeihen ohne Gunst BT - Mäzene und Unterstützer des Malers Albert Berg (1825–1884) JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) was the first director of the Silesian Art Museum in Breslau. He was supported by a network of sponsors, who advised him on planning his trips and bought paintings (or arranged purchases). A particularly important mentor beginning in 1849 was Alexander von Humboldt, also the singer Amalie Joachim. Berg made a number of important contacts with fellow students during his law studies in Bonn. He formed a particularly close relationship with Friedrich Franz II von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who, in 1844, invited Berg to a journey. This expedition marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Friedrich Franz II bought numerous paintings from Berg and worked behind the scenes to organize Berg's career. N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) fue el director del nuevo Museo Silesio de Arte de Breslau. Una red de protectores le apoyó materiel y moralmente. Un mentor particularmente importante fue, desde 1849, Alexander von Humboldt. Hay que mencionar como protectora a la cantante Amalie Joachim. Durante sus estudios de Derecho en Bonn, Albert Berg trabó relaciones estrechas con compañeros de estudios. Una relación especialmente estrecha le unió a Friedrich Franz II. de Mecklemburgo-Schwerin, a quien también había conocido en Bonn y quien en 1844 le invitó a un viaje. Esta expedición de varios meses marcó a Albert Berg no solamente como artista – como lo haría, más tarde, su expedición por América del Sur. También fue el comienzo de una amistad para toda la vida. Además de intercambiar opiniones sobre cuestiones artísticas, Friedrich Franz II. apoyó al pintor. No sólo adquirió cuadros suyos, sino que además intercedió por Albert Berg. N2 - Albert Berg (1825–1884) był od 1880 r. aż do śmierci dyrektorem Śląskiego Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych we Wrocławiu. Materialnie i moralnie wspierała go sieć mecenasów, którzy doradzali mu w planowaniu podróży, kupowali obrazy, organizowali zakupy. Szczególnie ważnym mentorem był od 1849 r. Alexander von Humboldt. Kolejnym zwolennikiem była śpiewaczka Amalie Joachim przyjęła tymczasowo malarza do swojego domu. Podczas studiów prawniczych w Bonn Albert Berg nawiązał kilka ważnych kontaktów z kolegami, m.in. z synem ministra kultury A. von Bethmann-Hollweg Felixem. Szczególnie bliskie stosunki łączyły Alberta Berga z Fryderykiem Franciszkiem II Meklemburgii i Schwerina, którego poznał również w Bonn i który zaprosił go w 1844 r. na wspólną podróż do Włoch i na Wschód. Ta kilkumiesięczna wyprawa była dla Alberta Berga nie tylko artystycznie formująca – podobnie jak późniejsza wyprawa do Ameryki Południowej – ale także dała początek przyjaźni na całe życie. Oprócz wymiany w sprawach artystycznych, Fryderyk Franciszek II pomagał malarzowi. Nie tylko kupował od niego liczne obrazy, ale także prowadził na jego rzecz zakulisową kampanię, pomagając m.in. w zorganizowaniu jego udziału w wyprawie Prusów do Azji Wschodniej. KW - Chimära KW - Mecklenburg-Schwerin KW - Netzwerk KW - adeliges Pflanzendarstellungen in Südamerika KW - Reisebilder Italien KW - Lykien KW - Rhodos KW - Reiserouten auf Humboldts Spuren KW - Ostasienexpedition KW - preußische Universitäten Berlin und Bonn KW - Verlust von Kunstwerken aus deutschen Museen KW - Mäzenatentum in der Kunst Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589975 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XXIII IS - 44 SP - 161 EP - 171 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Lorenz, Theo T1 - Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Umsetzung des SAMR-Modells im Geographieunterricht BT - Wie lässt sich das SAMR-Modell im Geographieunterricht zielführend umsetzen? T2 - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis N2 - Die Gesellschaft befindet sich längst in einem digitalen Transformationsprozess. Alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche verändern sich. Man spricht von einer Kultur der Digitalität, die den Leitmedienwechsel vom gedruckten Buch hin zum vernetzten digitalen Endgerät beschreibt. Auch die Institution „Schule“ muss sich diesem Wandel öffnen. Einen wesentlichen Schritt stellt das Strategiepapier der Kultusministerkonferenz „Bildung in der digitalen Welt“ aus dem Jahr 2017 dar. Darin legt sie die wesentlichen Handlungsfelder zu einem digitalen Wandel fest und erweitert den Bildungsauftrag um die „Kompetenzen in der digitalen Welt“. Das sog. SAMR-Modell stellt dabei ein geeignetes Umsetzungs- und Reflektionswerkzeug für den Einsatz digitaler Medien dar. Es strukturiert den Einsatz auf vier Stufen. Die beiden unteren Stufen (Substitution und Augmentation) schreiben der Art und Weise, wie die digitalen Medien genutzt werden, eine Ersatz- oder Verbesserungsfunktion des analogen Lernwerkzeuges zu. Ziel des Modells ist es aber, mithilfe hinzugewonnener digitaler Möglichkeiten, Lernen neu zu gestalten. Da das Modell aus den USA stammt, weist es weder direkten Bezüge zum Strategiepapier der Kultusministerkonferenz noch zu den Bildungsstandards der Geographie auf. Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit stellt diese Bezüge her. Ziel ist es, auf der Grundlage des SAMR-Modells ein Handlungskonzept für Geographielehrkräfte zu entwickeln. Es zeigt auf, wie sie sowohl fachliche Kompetenzen als auch Kompetenzen in der digitalen Welt systematisch bei den Lernenden fördern können. N2 - The society is situated in a digital transformation process. Every social domain changes. There is a digital culture which describes the shift from a printed book towards the connected digital terminal device. Even the institution “school” has to be open towards this change. One major step appears to be the strategic paper “Bildung in der digitalen Welt” from the Kultusministerkonferenz 2017. Within the paper the major fields of action towards a digital change are determined and the educational challenge is extended by the “Kompetenzen in der digitalen Welt”. The so called SAMR-Model represents an appropriate implementation- and reflectiontool for the utilization of digital media. This utilization can be structured into four levels. The two lower segments (substitution and augmentation) assign an alternative or improving function to the analog learning tool, how digital media can be used. The main goal of the model is to redesign learning with newly acquired digital possibilities. Since the model was invented in the US, no direct references towards the strategic paper of the Kultusministerkonferenz nor towards the educational standards of geography can be made. This academic paper connects those references. The main goal is, based on the foundation of the SAMR-Model, to develop a concept of action for geography teachers. This reveals not only how to support digital competences for learners but also how to support competences regarding the digital world. T3 - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis - 17 KW - digitale Bildung KW - Medienbildung KW - Geographiedidaktik KW - Geographieunterricht KW - digital education KW - media education KW - geography education KW - geography lessons Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-538462 SN - 978-3-86956-540-8 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Sójka, Pia T1 - Writing travel, writing life T1 - Reisen schreiben Leben T1 - Écriture, le voyage ou la vie BT - Ars Vivendi and the travelling narrations of Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach and Nicolas Bouvier BT - Ars Vivendi und die reisenden Erzählungen von Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach und Nicolas Bouvier BT - Ars Vivendi et les narrations itinérantes d'Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach et Nicolas Bouvier N2 - The book compares the texts of three Swiss authors: Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach and Nicolas Bouvier. The focus is on their trip from Genève to Kabul that Ella Maillart and Annemarie Schwarzenbach made together in 1939/1940 and Nicolas Bouvier 1953/1954 with the artist Thierry Vernet. The comparison shows the strong connection between the journey and life and between ars vivendi and travel literature. This book also gives an overview of and organises the numerous terms, genres, and categories that already exist to describe various travel texts and proposes the new term travelling narration. The travelling narration looks at the text from a narratological perspective that distinguishes the author, narrator, and protagonist within the narration. In the examination, ten motifs could be found to characterise the travelling narration: Culture, Crossing Borders, Freedom, Time and Space, the Aesthetics of Landscapes, Writing and Reading, the Self and/as the Other, Home, Religion and Spirituality as well as the Journey. The importance of each individual motif does not only apply in the 1930s or 1950s but also transmits important findings for living together today and in the future. N2 - Das Buch vergleicht die Texte von drei Schweizer Autoren: Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach und Nicolas Bouvier. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Reise von Genève nach Kabul, die Ella Maillart gemeinsam mit Annemarie Schwarzenbach 1939/1940 und Nicolas Bouvier 1953/1954 mit dem Künstler Thierry Vernet unternahmen. Der Vergleich zeigt die enge Verbindung zwischen der Reise und dem Leben sowie zwischen ars vivendi und Reiseliteratur. Das Buch gibt einen Überblick über die zahlreichen Begriffe, Gattungen und Kategorien, die bereits zur Beschreibung verschiedener Reisetexte existieren, und schlägt den neuen Begriff der reisenden Erzählung „travelling narration“ vor. Die reisende Erzählung betrachtet den Text aus einer narratologischen Perspektive, die den Autor, Erzähler und Protagonisten innerhalb der Erzählung unterscheidet. In der Untersuchung konnten zehn Motive gefunden werden, die die reisende Erzählung charakterisieren: Kultur, Grenzüberschreitung, Freiheit, Zeit und Raum, Ästhetik der Landschaft, Schreiben und Lesen, das Selbst und / oder der Andere, Heimat, Religion und Spiritualität sowie die Reise. Die Bedeutung jedes einzelnen Motivs gilt nicht nur für die 1930er oder 1950er Jahre, sondern vermittelt auch wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Zusammenleben heute und in der Zukunft. N2 - Le livre compare les textes de trois auteurs suisses : Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach et Nicolas Bouvier. L'accent est mis sur le voyage de Genève à Kaboul qu'Ella Maillart et Annemarie Schwarzenbach ont effectué ensemble en 1939/1940 et Nicolas Bouvier 1953/1954 avec l'artiste Thierry Vernet. La comparaison montre le lien fort entre le voyage et la vie et entre l'ars vivendi et la littérature de voyage. Ce livre donne également un aperçu et organise les nombreux termes, genres et catégories qui existent déjà pour décrire les différents textes de voyage et propose le nouveau terme narration itinérante „travelling literature“. La narration itinérante examine le texte dans une perspective narratologique qui distingue l'auteur, le narrateur et le protagoniste au sein de la narration. Au cours de l'examen, dix motifs ont été trouvés pour caractériser le récit de voyage : La culture, la traversée des frontières, la liberté, le temps et l'espace, l'esthétique des paysages, l'écriture et la lecture, le soi et l'autre, la maison, la religion et la spiritualité ainsi que le voyage. L'importance de chaque motif individuel ne s'applique pas seulement aux années 1930 ou 1950, mais transmet également des conclusions importantes pour le vivre ensemble aujourd'hui et à l'avenir. T3 - Potsdamer Bibliothek der WeltRegionen (PoWeR) - 5 KW - travel literature KW - récit de voyage KW - Reiseliteratur KW - Ella Maillart KW - Ella Maillart KW - Ella Maillart KW - Nicolas Bouvier KW - Nicolas Bouvier KW - Nicolas Bouvier KW - Annemarie Schwarzenbach KW - Annemarie Schwarzenbach KW - Annemarie Schwarzenbach KW - art of life KW - Lebenskunst KW - savoir vivre Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558799 SN - 978-3-86956-537-8 SN - 2629-2548 SN - 2629-253X PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Villamizar, Natalia T1 - Heimat BT - mímesis y movimiento en las series autoficcionales de Thomas Bernhard y Fernando Vallejo N2 - Esta investigación propone un estudio transareal de las series autoficcionales del escritor austriaco Thomas Bernhard y el colombiano Fernando Vallejo, dos autores cuya obra se caracteriza por una dura crítica a sus países de origen, a sus Heimaten, pero también por un complejo arraigamiento. Los análisis interpretativos demuestran que en Die Autobiographie y El río del tiempo la Heimat se presenta como un constructo que abarca no solamente elementos dichosos, sino que presenta también elementos negativos, disolutivos, destructivos, con lo cual ambos autores de distancian de una concepción tradicional de Heimat como territorio necesariamente armónico al que el sujeto se siente positivamente vinculado. En cambio, ella se concibe como un conjunto disímil, frente al cual el sujeto se relaciona, necesariamente, de modo ambivalente y problemático. En ambos autores la narración literaria se configura como un acto en el que no simplemente se representa esa ambivalencia, sino en el que, sobre todo, se impugnan las formas de hostilidad que le confieren a la Heimat su carácter inhóspito. Para ello, ambos autores recurren a la implementación de dos recursos fundamentales: la mímesis y el movimiento. La investigación muestra de qué manera las obras estudiadas la Heimat se presenta como un espacio de continuos movimientos, intercambios e interacciones, en el que actúan mecanismos de opresión, pero también dispositivos de oposición, prácticas de apertura intersubjetiva y aspiraciones de integración comunitaria. N2 - This research presents a transareal study of the autofictional series of the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard and the Colombian Fernando Vallejo, two authors whose work is marked by a fierce critique of their homelands, their Heimaten, but also by a complex rootedness. The interpretative analyses show that in Die Autobiographie and El río del tiempo the Heimat is presented as a construct that encompasses not only blissful but also negative, dissolutive, destructive elements, thus distancing both authors from a traditional conception of Heimat as a necessarily harmonic territory to which the subject feels positively attached. Instead, it is conceived as a dissimilar set, to which the subject relates, necessarily, in an ambivalent and problematic way. In both authors, literary narration is configured as an act in which this ambivalence is not simply represented, but in which, above all, the forms of hostility that give the Heimat its inhospitable character are contested. To this end, the authors resort to the implementation of two fundamental resources: mimesis and movement. The research demonstrates how their literary works present the Heimat as a space of continuous movements, exchanges and interactions, in which structures of oppression are at work, but also opposition mechanisms, practices of intersubjective openness and aspirations of community integration. T3 - Potsdamer Bibliothek der WeltRegionen (PoWeR) - 4 KW - patria KW - Heimat KW - Fernando Vallejo KW - Thomas Bernhard KW - mímesis KW - giro espacial KW - estudios transareales KW - literatura comparada KW - Heimat KW - homeland KW - Fernando Vallejo KW - Thomas Bernhard KW - mimesis KW - spatial turn KW - transarea studies KW - comparative literature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541086 SN - 978-3-86956-530-9 SN - 2629-2548 SN - 2629-253X IS - 4 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Herrmann, Tanja T1 - Die Loi Blanquer – eine Chance für die deutsch-französische Lehramtsausbildung im Sekundarbereich II? BT - eine Reflexion am Beispiel der Kooperation Mainz-Dijon T2 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe N2 - „Europäische Bildung beginnt in der Schule.“ Gerade in Zeiten einer Renaissance von Nationalismen und einem spürbaren Rechtsruck in Europa scheint diese Maxime wichtiger denn je zu sein. Die umfassendste Möglichkeit, mittel- und langfristig eine europäische Dimension in den Schulen der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten zu verankern, stellt eine binationale oder sogar internationale Lehramtsausbildung dar. Die Einrichtung derartiger Ausbildungen ist jedoch mit hohen Hürden verbunden. Ihre Anzahl ist überschaubar und allein im deutsch-französischen Kontext vorhanden. Hintergrund hierfür sind erstens die nur schwer zu überwindbaren Hindernisse, die sich aus den stark divergierenden Studien-, Rekrutierungs- und Ausbildungssystemen ergeben. Zweitens ist der Lehramtsbereich besonders stark durch Reformen geprägt. Eine Nutzen-Kosten-Analyse der häufig benötigten und ressourcenintensiven Anpassungen von Programmen auf der einen Seite und der geringen Anzahl der Absolventinnen und Absolventen auf der anderen Seite fällt demnach an vielen Universitäten negativ aus. Ein Rückblick auf die seit 2000 bestehenden Bemühungen der Kooperation Mainz-Dijon hinterlässt eine durchmischte Bilanz. Die Gelegenheit, die lehramtsbezogene binationale Ausbildung dieser Kooperation integrierter zu gestalten, bietet die sich derzeit auf französischer Seite vollziehende Neustrukturierung der französischen Lehramtsausbildung. Die Loi Blanquer vom 26. Juli 2019 führt zu einer Annäherung der beiden Systeme und ermöglicht – auch dank bereits bestehender juristischer Instrumente – eine Verkürzung der Ausbildungszeit sowie eine verbesserte Anerkennungspraxis. N2 - « L'éducation européenne commence à l'école. » Cette maxime semble plus importante que jamais, surtout en cette période de renouveau des nationalismes et de virage à droite en Europe. La manière la plus aboutie d'ancrer à moyen et long terme une dimension européenne dans les écoles des États membres de l'UE est la formation binationale, voire internationale, des enseignants. Cependant, la mise en place de ces programmes rencontre des obstacles importants. Ces formations sont peu nombreuses et n’existent que dans le contexte franco-allemand. Cela est dû premièrement aux nombreux obstacles, difficiles à surmonter, résultant de la forte divergence entre les systèmes d’études, de recrutement et de formation. Deuxièmement, la formation des enseignants est un domaine particulièrement touché par les réformes. Par conséquent, les programmes doivent être fréquemment ajustés, ce qui demande beaucoup de ressources, et ne concernent qu’un faible nombre de diplômés. Une analyse coûts-avantages s’avère donc négative dans de nombreuses universités. Un retour sur les efforts de la coopération Mayence-Dijon, réalisés depuis 2000, conduit à un bilan mitigé. La restructuration de la formation des enseignants, qui se déroule actuellement du côté français, offre l'opportunité de rendre cette formation plus intégrée. La Loi Blanquer du 26 juillet 2019 conduit à un rapprochement des deux systèmes et permet – également grâce à des instruments juridiques déjà existants – de raccourcir la période de formation ainsi que d'améliorer la reconnaissance des crédits ECTS. N2 - "European education starts at school". This motto seems more important than ever, especially in times of renewed nationalism and a shift to the right in Europe. The most successful way of anchoring a European dimension in the schools of the EU member states in the mid and long term is through bi-national or even international teacher training. However, there are significant obstacles to the establishment of such programmes. They are few in number and exist only in the Franco-German context. This is due, firstly, to the many obstacles, which are difficult to overcome, resulting from the strong divergence between studies, recruitment and training systems. Secondly, teacher education is an area particularly affected by reforms. Consequently, a benefit-cost analysis of the frequently required and resource-intensive adjustments to programmes on the one hand and the low number of graduates on the other, is negative at many universities. A review of the Mainz-Dijon cooperation efforts since 2000 leads to a mixed picture. The reorganisation of teacher training, which is currently taking place on the French side, offers an opportunity to make teacher training more integrated. The Loi Blanquer of 26 July 2019 brings the two systems closer together and makes it possible – also through already existing legal instruments – to shorten the training period and improve recognition practices. T3 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 8 KW - internationale Kooperation KW - Lehramtsausbildung KW - deutsch-französische Zusammenarbeit KW - Franco-German cooperation KW - teacher training KW - international cooperation KW - coopération franco-allemande KW - formation des enseignants KW - coopération internationale Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-559423 SN - 2701-391X IS - 8 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous diffusion JF - Nature Communications N2 - Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of diffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in living-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical mechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed systems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for decoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in addition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a Bayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is used to train models for both the classification of the diffusion model and the regression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories. Evaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a well-calibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In the analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to properties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the learning process of the machine and the relevance of the output.
Diffusive motions in complex environments such as living biological cells or soft matter systems can be analyzed with single-particle-tracking approaches, where accuracy of output may vary. The authors involve a machine-learning technique for decoding anomalous-diffusion data and provide an uncertainty estimate together with predicted output. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34305-6 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature portfolio CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Hannes-Vincent A1 - Große Deters, Fenne A1 - Baumann, Annika A1 - Krasnova, Hanna T1 - Active social media use and its impact on well-being BT - an experimental study on the effects of posting pictures on Instagram JF - Journal of computer-mediated communication : a journal of the International Communication Association N2 - Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established hypothesis is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with considerable heterogeneity among existing studies on the hypothesis and causal evidence still limited, a final verdict on its robustness is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long randomized control trial with N = 381 adult Instagram users recruited via Prolific. Specifically, we tested how active SNS use, operationalized as picture postings on Instagram, affects different dimensions of well-being. The results depicted a positive effect on users' positive affect but null findings for other well-being outcomes. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs.
Lay Summary Active use of social networking sites (SNSs) has long been assumed to benefit users' well-being. However, this established assumption is increasingly being challenged, with scholars criticizing its lack of empirical support and the imprecise conceptualization of active use. Nevertheless, with great diversity among conducted studies on the hypothesis and a lack of causal evidence, a final verdict on its viability is still pending. To contribute to this ongoing debate, we conducted a week-long experimental investigation with 381 adult Instagram users. Specifically, we tested how posting pictures on Instagram affects different aspects of well-being. The results of this study depicted a positive effect of posting Instagram pictures on users' experienced positive emotions but no effects on other aspects of well-being. The findings broadly align with the recent criticism against the active use hypothesis and support the call for a more nuanced view on the impact of SNSs on users. KW - social networking sites KW - social media KW - Instagram KW - well-being KW - experiment KW - randomized control trial Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac037 SN - 1083-6101 VL - 28 IS - 1 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Carolin A1 - Voigt, Christian C. T1 - Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions JF - Conservation science and practice N2 - Agricultural practice has led to landscape simplification and biodiversity decline, yet recently, energy-producing infrastructures, such as wind turbines, have been added to these simplified agroecosystems, turning them into multi-functional energy-agroecosystems. Here, we studied the trophic interactions of bats killed at wind turbines using a DNA metabarcoding approach to shed light on how turbine-related bat fatalities may possibly affect local habitats. Specifically, we identified insect DNA in the stomachs of common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines in Germany to infer in which habitats these bats hunted. Common noctule bats consumed a wide variety of insects from different habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, farmland, forests, and grasslands). Agricultural and silvicultural pest insects made up about 20% of insect species consumed by the studied bats. Our study suggests that the potential damage of wind energy production goes beyond the loss of bats and the decline of bat populations. Bat fatalities at wind turbines may lead to the loss of trophic interactions and ecosystem services provided by bats, which may add to the functional simplification and impaired crop production, respectively, in multi-functional ecosystems. KW - bat fatalities KW - biodiversity decline KW - food web KW - green-green dilemma KW - renewable energy KW - wind energy production KW - wind energy-biodiversity conflict Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12744 SN - 2578-4854 VL - 4 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Kabaali, Daphne T1 - Die Rolle von Street-Level Bureaucrats bei der Erbringung von öffentlichen Leistungen – eine empirische Untersuchung T1 - The role of street-level bureaucrats in the delivery of public services - an empirical study N2 - Die Transformation der öffentlichen Verantwortung im Bereich der sozialen Wohlfahrt führte in den letzten Jahren zu einem gestiegenen Forschungsinteresse an Mitarbeiten-den, die sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen öffentlicher Verwaltung und direktem Kontakt zu Klient*innen befinden. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht am Beispiel der Schulsozialarbeit an Potsdamer Grundschulen der Frage nach, inwieweit Vertrauen in Klient*innen die Nutzung von Ermessensspielräumen durch Schulsozialarbeiter*innen beeinflusst. Das Street-Level Bureaucracy Framework nach Michael Lipsky spannt dabei den theoretischen Rahmen, während qualitative Interviews mit Schulsozialarbei-ter*innen die Basis für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage darstellen. Die Ergebnis-se zeigen, dass ein geringeres Maß an Vertrauen in Klient*innen dafür sorgt, dass Schulsozialarbeiter*innen durch Bewältigungsstrategien wie der Rationierung von Res-sourcen und dem gedanklichen Rückzug von Klient*innen versuchen, ihre Arbeitslast zu verringern. Ein höheres Maß an Vertrauen in Klient*innen sorgt hingegen dafür, dass sie ihre Ermessensspielräume zu Gunsten dieser Klient*innen nutzen, zum Beispiel durch das Umgehen von Datenschutzregeln zur effektiveren Fallbearbeitung. N2 - In recent years, the transformation of public accountability in the field of social welfare has led to an increased research interest in employees who, as decision-makers about the allocation of services, find themselves at the interface between public administration and direct contact with clients. Using the example of school social work at Potsdam's elementary schools, this paper examines the extent to which trust in clients influences the use of discretionary powers by school social workers. The street-level bureaucracy framework according to Michael Lipsky provides the theoretical framework, while qualita-tive interviews with school social workers form the basis for answering the research question. The results show that a lower level of trust in clients ensures that school social workers attempt to reduce their workload through coping strategies such as rationing resources and mentally withdrawing from clients. A higher level of trust in clients, on the other hand, ensures that they use their discretionary powers in favor of these clients, for example by circumventing data protection rules for a more effective case processing. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 32 KW - Street-level bureaucrats KW - Vertrauen KW - öffentliche Leistungen KW - Ermessen KW - street-Level bureaucrats KW - trust KW - public services KW - discretion Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563555 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beel, Leon T1 - Teilen von Wissen im Offboarding in der öffentlichen Verwaltung Deutschlands T1 - Knowledge sharing during offboarding in German public administration N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern extrapersonale Einflussfaktoren das Verhalten der Wissensteilung im Offboarding in der öffentlichen Verwaltung Deutschlands beeinflussen. Hier besteht eine Forschungslücke, die es insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund einer nahenden Pensionierungswelle und der daraus resultierenden Gefahr eines massiven Wissensverlusts zu schließen gilt. Zu diesem Zweck werden unterschiedliche Analyseebenen verknüpft, Einflussfaktoren aus der Literatur herausgearbeitet und in die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens eingebunden. Anschließend werden Hypothesen formuliert, wie extrapersonale Einflussfaktoren, die sich aus der Verwaltung als organisationalen Kontext und dem Prozess des Offboarding ergeben, das Verhalten der Wissensteilung fördern oder hemmen. Die Testung der Hypothesen erfolgt durch die Erhebung und Auswertung qualitativer Interviewdaten. Daraus resultierende Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass die anstehende Pensionierungswelle in der deutschen Verwaltung eine stärkere Ausrichtung des organisationalen Wissensmanagements auf den Prozess des Offboarding und dessen Gestaltung erfordert, um Wissensverluste zu reduzieren. N2 - This bachelor thesis examines the extent to which extra-personal influencing factors shape the behavior of knowledge sharing in offboarding processes in German public administration. There is a research gap here that needs to be closed urgently, especially given the approaching wave of retirements and the resulting risk of a massive loss of knowledge. For this purpose, different levels of analysis are linked, influencing factors are identified and integrated into the Theory of Planned Behavior. Hypotheses are then formulated as to how extra-personal influencing factors resulting from administration as an organizational context and the process of offboarding promote or inhibit knowledge sharing behavior. The hypotheses are tested by collecting and analyzing qualitative interview data. The findings make it clear that the upcoming wave of retirements in the German public administration requires a stronger orientation of organizational knowledge management towards the process of offboarding and its design in order to reduce knowledge losses. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 29 KW - Wissensmanagement KW - knowledge management KW - Teilen von Wissen/Wissensteilung KW - knowledge sharing Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562108 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - THES A1 - König, Alexander T1 - Change-Prozesse in der öffentlichen Verwaltung – Der Einfluss von direkten Vorgesetzten auf die Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden T1 - Change processes in public administration - The influence of direct supervisors on the attitudes of employees BT - eine Literaturanalyse hinsichtlich des Einflusses des Supports durch direkte Vorgesetzte auf die Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden BT - a literature review regarding the influence of direct supervisor support on the attitudes of employees N2 - Die öffentliche Verwaltung wird in den nächsten Jahrzehnten große Reformen durchlaufen müssen. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor für das Gelingen von geplanten organisatorischen Veränderungen ist auch im Verwaltungskontext die Einstellung von Mitarbeiter*innen gegenüber diesem Wandel. Hier existieren gerade bei Mitarbeiter*innen ohne Führungsverantwortlichkeit häufig negative Einstellungen gegenüber Veränderungen. Dies wird auch mit dem hohen Stress in diesen Situationen in Verbindung gebracht. Besonders direkte Führungskräfte sind hier eine wichtige Einflussgröße auf die Einstellungen. Die folgende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich dementsprechend mit diesen Einfluss und konzentriert sich dabei auf den Effekt der sozialen Unterstützung dieser Führungskräfte auf die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen, da soziale Unterstützung einen nachgewiesenen mildernden Effekt auf den wahrgenommenen Stress besitzt. Soziale Unterstützung wird nach der Social-Support-Theorie in die dort identifizierten vier Unter-arten differenziert, namentlich Appraisal, Emotional, Informational und Instrumental Support. Im Rahmen einer Literaturanalyse konnte für zwei der vier Supportarten (Emotional, Informational) ein Einfluss nachgewiesen werden. Auch für die anderen Supportarten bestehen Hinweise auf einen positiven Effekt. Dies weist darauf hin, dass direkte Führungskräfte während Reformen der öffentlichen Verwaltung als Quellen der Unterstützung fungieren und mittels dieser die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen gegenüber Wandel positiv beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus können die Unterschiede der Ergebnisse nach Supportart darauf hinweisen, dass situationsspezifisch ver-schiedene Unterstützung mehr oder weniger relevant ist. Für Führungskräfte in diesem Kontext verweisen die Ergebnisse der Arbeit darauf, dass der unterstützende Kontakt mit direkt Untergebenen in Phasen des Wandels wichtig und die Anforderungen breiter als die reine Anweisung dieser Untergebenen sind. N2 - Public administration will have to implement major reforms in the coming decades. An important factor influencing the success of planned organizational changes in the administrative context is the attitude of employees towards these changes. Especially employees without management responsibility often have negative attitudes towards change, which can be associated with the high stress in these situations. Direct managers in particular are an important factor influencing these attitudes. The following bachelor thesis deals with this influence and focuses on the effect of the social support of these leaders on employee attitudes regarding change, as social support has a proven mitigating effect on the perceived stress. According to the social support theory, social support is differentiated into the four subtypes: appraisal, emotional, informational and instrumental support. Within the framework of a literature analysis, an influence could be proven for two out of the four types of support (emotional, informational). There are also indications of a positive effect for the other types of support. This sug-gests that direct managers act as sources of support during public administration reforms and use these to positively influence employees' attitudes towards change. Furthermore, the differences in results by support type may indicate that different types of support are more or less relevant de-pending on the situation. For managers in this context, the resulting research points to the im-portance of supportive contact with direct subordinates in phases of change and that the requirements placed on them are broader than simply instructing these subordinates. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 30 KW - Direct Supervisors KW - Social Support KW - Change Leadership KW - Attitudes towards Change KW - Public Administration KW - Direkte Vorgesetzte KW - Sozialer Support KW - Change Management KW - Einstellung gegenüber Wandel KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565713 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Püschel, Gerhard A1 - Klauder, Julia A1 - Henkel-Oberländer, Janin T1 - Macrophages, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia BT - A mutual ambiguous relationship in the development of metabolic diseases JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal N2 - Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver. KW - NAFLD/MAFLD KW - type 2 diabetes KW - obesity KW - vicious cycle KW - TLR signaling KW - M1/M2 differentiation KW - Akt pathway Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154358 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 15 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - THES A1 - Hörty, Markus T1 - In dubio pro reo BT - Römisches Recht im Lateinunterricht T2 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht N2 - Die Kultur der Antike beeinflusst auch heute noch viele unserer Lebensbereiche. Während manche Themen seit jeher größere Beachtung finden – man denke etwa an die Einflüsse der antiken Mythologie auf Motive der modernen Kunst und Literatur –, befinden sich andere unter dem ‚Radar‘ der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung. Eines dieser Gebiete ist die Rechtswissenschaft, deren Wurzeln auf die im antiken Rom gewachsene Jurisprudenz zurückgehen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie man dieses antike Erbe für den Lateinunterricht fruchtbar machen kann. Mit dem beigefügten Arbeitsheft können Schüler die Entwicklung des römischen Rechts von seinen ersten Ansätzen bis hin zu seiner vollen Entfaltung nachvollziehen. Zudem lesen sie von authentischen Fällen, in denen es um Immobilienschwindel, Ehebruch oder Magie ging, und erkennen Parallelen wie auch Abweichungen von unserem modernen Rechtsverständnis. T3 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht - 5 KW - Lateinunterricht KW - römisches Recht KW - Unterrichtsmaterial KW - Arbeitsheft Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558936 SN - 2748-6621 IS - 5 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Halboth, Sonja A1 - Hoffmann, Tobias T1 - Wir bauen ein Lichtmorsegerät! – Projektbasierter Unterricht im Fach WAT BT - eine reflektierte Anleitung mit Methoden, Spielen und Arbeitsblättern T2 - Lern dich glücklich - Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen N2 - Für projektorientierten Unterricht im Schulfach Wirtschaft, Arbeit, Technik ist die Auswahl an praxisorientierten Materialien übersichtlich. Umso erfreulicher ist es, dass Frau Sonja Halboth und Herr Tobias Hoffmann mit Schüler*innen ein Lichtmorsegerät im Rahmen projektorientierten Unterrichts angefertigt haben. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt sowohl einen guten Überblick in die Möglichkeiten projektorientierten Unterrichts und dessen Bewertung als auch eine Menge praktischer Tipps & Materialien, um projektorientierten Unterricht durchzuführen. T3 - Lern dich glücklich - Arbeiten zum prozessorientierten Lehren und Lernen - 4 KW - projektorientierter Unterricht KW - Praxismaterialien KW - Reflexion Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-551465 SN - 2568-4515 IS - 4 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Meyer, André A1 - Richter, Eric A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Abschlussbericht zur wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der Werkstatt "Schule leiten" N2 - Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht umfasst die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“. Bei dieser Werkstatt handelt es sich um ein 18-monatiges Fortbildungsangebot für Schulleitungen, das durch die Deutsche Schulakademie konzipiert und in Kooperation mit dem saarländischen Kultusministerium für Bildung und Kultur sowie dem saarländischen Landesinstitut für Pädagogik und Medien durchgeführt wurde. Im Zeitraum 2016–2020 absolvierten jeweils zwei Personen des Schulleitungsteams allgemeinbildender Schulen erstmalig in insgesamt drei Durchgängen verschiedene Angebote der Werkstatt. Weiterhin erhielten die Teilnehmenden die Aufgaben, im Zuge ihres Fortbildungsbesuches ein individuelles Schulentwicklungsprojekt zu planen, zu entwickeln und unter Anleitung der Werkstatt in der Schule zu implementieren. Zur Überprüfung der wahrgenommenen Qualität sowie der Wirksamkeit des Fortbildungsangebotes wurde die Universität Potsdam, Arbeitsbereich Prof. Dr. Dirk Richter, beauftragt. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert die Evaluationsergebnisse der Durchgänge 2 und 3. Im Zentrum der Evaluation stehen die folgenden Forschungsfragen: (1) Wie beurteilen die Teilnehmenden die Qualität der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“? (2) Inwiefern hat die Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ dazu beigetragen, die Leitungskompetenzen (u.a. Einstellungen und Führungshandeln) der Teilnehmenden zu stärken? sowie (3) Wie haben sich schulische Strukturen und Prozesse zur Förderung von Schulentwicklung in den teilnehmenden Schulen durch die Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ verändert? Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen wurden eine Reihe schriftlicher Befragungen mit den teilnehmenden Schulleitungen sowie den Lehrkräften der teilnehmenden Schulen durchgeführt. Diese Befragungen erfolgten sowohl begleitend zum Fortbildungsprogramm (nach Absolvieren der einzelnen Angebote) sowie in einem Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen Begleitstudie verschiedene Personen (Schulleitung, Mitglieder des Schulleitungsteams, Lehrkräfte) von insgesamt fünf Schulen über drei Zeitpunkte dazu befragt, wie die Planung, Entwicklung und Implementation der Schulentwicklungsprojekte erfolgten. Die Befunde der Evaluation deuten insgesamt darauf hin, dass die Qualität der Werkstatt „Schule leiten“ als Gesamtprogramm sowie die einzelnen Angebote der Werkstatt sehr positiv bewertet werden. Dabei nehmen die Teilnehmenden von Durchgang 2 die Werkstatt in einer Reihe von Merkmalen positiver wahr als die Teilnehmenden von Durchgang 3. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass sich bestimmte Facetten des Führungshandelns der Teilnehmenden im zeitlichen Verlauf positiv verändert haben. Hierfür existieren Hinweise sowohl aus Perspektive der Teilnehmenden selbst als auch aus Perspektive der Lehrkräfte ihrer Schulen. Motivationale Merkmale der Teilnehmenden sowie Aspekte des Führungshandelns, die sich auf Tätigkeiten zur Unterstützung der innerschulischen Kooperation beziehen, bleiben aus Perspektive der Teilnehmenden hingegen weitestgehend konstant. Hinsichtlich der Veränderungen schulischer Strukturen zur Schulentwicklung deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine positive Entwicklung der wahrgenommenen Offenheit gegenüber Kooperation im Kollegium aus Perspektive der Lehrkräfte hin. Die Befunde der qualitativen Begleitstudie liefern weitere Informationen über die wahrgenommene Qualität der Werkstatt sowie über Veränderungen aufseiten der Teilnehmenden und der schulischen Strukturen. KW - Schulleitungen KW - Forbildung KW - Evaluation KW - Schulentwicklung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548869 ER - TY - THES A1 - Liebsch, Emilia T1 - Einfluss von Digitalisierung auf die öffentliche Verwaltung T1 - Influence of digitization on public administration BT - am Untersuchungsmerkmal von organisationalen Routinen BT - by the study feature of organizational routines N2 - Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Digitalisierung auf die öffentliche Verwaltung in Deutschland. Den konkreten Untersuchungsschwerpunkt bilden organisationale Routinen. Die Arbeit gibt einen konzeptionellen Überblick über die Begriffe Digitalisierung und organisationale Routinen und leitet daraus Arbeitsdefinitionen ab. Der theoretisch dargelegte Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Phänomenen wird im Rahmen von drei teilstrukturierten Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden aus unterschiedlichen öffentlichen Verwaltungen untersucht. Die herausgearbeiteten Definitionen wurden den Interviewten vorgestellt und durch ein Repertoire an Fragen die Wahrnehmung des Digitalisierungsstandes i.V.m. Routinen abgefragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass digitaler Wandel und Routinen in jedem der interviewten Fachbereiche zumindest unterbewusst wahrgenommen wird. Digitalisierung und organisationale Routinen stehen in Wechselwirkung zueinander, da die wiederholte routinierte Ausführung von Tätigkeiten die Implementierung von Digitalisierung begünstigt. Darüber hinaus führt digitaler Wandel zur Veränderung von Routinen, welche mit einem anfänglichen Mehraufwand verbunden ist. Störungen bei der Implementierung von Digitalisierung bringen eine Starrheit von Routinen mit sich u.A. durch eine fehlende Bereitschaft der Mitarbeitenden. Die grundlegend bestehende Wechselwirkung ist ausschlaggebend für die Schnittstellen zwischen Digitalisierung und organisationalen Routinen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung. N2 - This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of digitization on public administration in Germany, the focus being on organizational routines. The thesis provides a conceptual overview of digitization and organizational routines and conveys working definitions from them. The theoretically presented connection between the two phenomena is examined in the context of three semi-structured interviews with employees from different public administrations. The elaborated definitions were presented to the interviewees and through a repertoire of questions the perception of the state of digitization in connection with routines was queried. The results show that digital change and routines are perceived at least subconsciously in each of the interviewed departments. Digitization and organizational routines interact with each other, as the repeated routine execution of activities favours the implementation of digitization. In addition, digital change leads to changes in routines, which are associated with an initial increase in effort. Disruptions in the implementation of digitization lead to a rigidity of routines due to a lack of willingness on the part of employees, among other things. This fundamental interaction is crucial for the interfaces between digitization and organizational routines in public administration. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 27 KW - öffentliche Verwaltung KW - Digitalisierung KW - organisationale Routine KW - digitaler Wandel KW - public administration KW - digitization KW - organizational routine KW - digital change Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541536 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Korn, Cindy T1 - Konzeption einer Unterrichtssequenz zur Erzähltechnik in Caesars Bellum Gallicum T2 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht N2 - In der hier vorgestellten Unterrichtssequenz wird eine ausgewählte Textpassage aus Caesars Bellum Gallicum unter Einbeziehung möglichst vieler Textteile aus dem Original analysiert. Das Konzept der Fokalisierung bereitet die Schüler auf die Einnahme einer distanzierten und differenzierten Perspektive vor und fordert sie zu einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Text auf. Mittels der Übernahme verschiedener »Rollen« werden sie motiviert, individuelle Aufgaben zu erfüllen, sich in die Lage anderer Akteure hineinzuversetzen, aber auch Kommunikationsabläufe und -barrieren zu berücksichtigen, die für den Umgang mit dem Text von Bedeutung sind. T3 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht - 3 KW - Unterrichtsmaterial KW - Erzähltechnik KW - Caesar KW - Lateinunterricht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-540119 IS - 3 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Diel-Gligor, Katharina T1 - Der Amicus Curiae im deutsch-französischen Vergleich – eine Untersuchung der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit T2 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe N2 - In den vergangenen Jahren hat der im anglo-amerikanischen Rechtsraum wurzelnde Amicus Curiae, wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung, Eingang in die Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeiten in Deutschland und Frankreich gefunden. Dabei erweist sich die französische Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht als progressiv, da das Verfahrensinstrument hier – im Gegensatz zur deutschen Rechtslage – bereits positiv-rechtlich normiert ist. Diese Fortschrittlichkeit hat sich bisher jedoch nicht merklich auf die Drittinterventionspraxis niedergeschlagen, besitzen Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen doch in beiden Ländern und über alle verwaltungsgerichtlichen Instanzen hinweg noch immer Seltenheitswert. Da mithin keine Generalisierungen zur dieser Rechtspraxis erlaubt sind, kann sich eine Analyse der möglichen funktionalen Rolle derartiger Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen nur auf theoretische Überlegungen stützen. Danach ist eine Informationsfunktion gegenüber dem Gericht in Bezug auf Tatsachen- und Rechtsfragen klar zu bejahen. Auch dürfte der Verfahrensmechanismus ein zusätzliches – wenngleich nicht demokratisches – Legitimationspotential für gerichtliche Entscheidungen besitzen: Indem dieser gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und damit gleichzeitig die Einbettung verwaltungsgerichtlicher Verfahren in den jeweiligen sozialen Kontext ermöglicht, kann er zur Steigerung der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der zunehmend unter Rechtsfertigungsdruck geratenden Richtermacht beitragen. N2 - Ces dernières années, le concept de l’amicus curiae, qui puise ses racines dans le droit anglo-américain, a fait son entrée dans la juridiction administrative tant en Allemagne qu’en France, bien que sous des formes différentes. Du point de vue du droit comparé, le système judiciaire administratif français est relativement progressif à cet égard, car cet instrument procédural y est déjà codifié – contrairement à la situation juridique allemande. Toutefois, cette progressivité n'a pas eu jusqu'à présent d'effet notable sur la pratique procédurale, car l’application du concept d’amicus curiae demeure relativement rare dans l’ensemble des instances des juridictions administratives des deux pays. En conséquence, dans la mesure où une généralisation par rapport à cette pratique juridique n'est donc pas possible, la question de savoir quel est le rôle fonctionnel potentiel d’amici curiae ne peut être analysée que sur le plan théorique. Sur cette base, on peut affirmer clairement un rôle d'information vis-à-vis du tribunal par rapport aux questions de fait et de droit. En outre, ce mécanisme procédural semble avoir une capacité de légitimation supplémentaire du pouvoir judiciaire, bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas d’une légitimation démocratique : en permettant une participation sociale, et en reliant ainsi les procédures devant les juridictions administratives à leur contexte social respectif, l’amicus curiae contribue à augmenter l’adhésion sociale au pouvoir judiciaire, qui est de plus en plus contraint de s’auto-justifier vis-à-vis des justiciables. N2 - In recent years, the amicus curiae, which has its roots in Anglo-American law, has found its way into the administrative court systems in Germany and France, albeit in different forms. From a comparative law perspective, the French administrative court system proves to be progressive, since the procedural instrument of amicus curiae is already legally standardized here - in contrast to the German legal situation. However, this progressiveness has not yet had a noticeable impact on third-party intervention practice, given that amicus curiae briefs are still a rarity across all administrative court instances in both countries. Since no generalizations about this legal practice are hence permitted, an analysis of the possible functional role of such amicus curiae briefs can only be based on theoretical considerations. According to these considerations, an informational function vis-à-vis the court with respect to questions of fact and law can clearly be affirmed. The procedural mechanism of amicus curiae intervention is also likely to have an additional - albeit non-democratic - legitimizing potential for judicial decisions: By enabling social participation and thus at the same time embedding administrative court proceedings in the respective social context, it can contribute to enhanced social acceptance of the power of judges, which is under increasing pressure to justify itself. T3 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 6 KW - Amicus Curiae KW - Verwaltungsgerichte KW - Verwaltungsgerichtsverfahren KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich KW - Rechtsvergleich KW - juridiction administrative KW - Allemagne KW - France KW - étude de droit comparé KW - administrative courts KW - Germany KW - France KW - comparative law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-540620 SN - 2701-391X IS - 6 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Ryndin, Thilo T1 - Lateinische Deklamationen BT - eine Unterrichtssequenz für die Oberstufe T2 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht N2 - Die vorliegende Publikation bietet einen Überblick über die lateinische Deklamatorik mit einer Unterrichtsreihe für die Oberstufe im Umfang von 13 Unterrichtsstunden. Deklamationen waren im antiken Rom Übungs- und Konzertreden und bildeten Gegenstand und Ziel der höheren Bildung. Dass sie im heutigen Lateinunterricht und auch im Lateinstudium kaum behandelt werden, steht in einem deutlichen Missverhältnis zu ihrer damaligen Bedeutung. Diese Lücke zu schließen ist das Anliegen der vorliegenden Masterarbeit mit dem darin enthaltenen Schülermaterial. Bei dessen Bearbeitung werden die Schüler die thematische Vielfalt der Deklamationen kennenlernen, aber auch bemerkenswerte Parallelen zum gegenwärtigen Populismus feststellen und das Macht- und Verführungspotential von Rhetorik selbst erfahren. Das Material wurde auf der Basis der aktuellen fachwissenschaftlichen Diskussion erstellt. Der Anhang enthält zwei tabellarische Übersichten zu den Deklamationsthemen. Diese sind für eigene Fortentwicklungen der Reihe gedacht. T3 - Copia – Potsdamer Anregungen für den Lateinunterricht - 2 KW - Lateinunterricht KW - Deklamation KW - Rhetorik Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-527723 SN - 2748-6621 IS - 2 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Hagen, Anne Julia T1 - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and cross-cultural competence T1 - Die Nordatlantische Vertragsorganisation und Cross-Cultural Kompetenz BT - A wolf in sheep's clothing? Cross-cultural competence in NATO and its missions BT - Ein Wolf im Schafspelz? Cross-Cultural Kompetenz in der NATO und ihren Missionen N2 - This paper examines the function that cross-cultural competence (3C) has for NATO in a military context while focusing on two member states and their armed forces: the United States and Germany. Three dimensions were established to analyze 3C internally and externally: dimension A, dealing with 3C within the military organization; dimension B, focusing on 3C in a coalition environment/multicultural NATO contingent, for example while on a mission/training exercise abroad; and dimension C, covering 3C and NATO missions abroad with regard to interaction with the local population. When developing the research design, the cultural studies-based theory of hegemony constructed by Antonio Gramsci was applied to a comprehensive document analysis of 3C coursework and regulations as well as official documents in order to establish a typification for cross-cultural competence. As the result, 3C could be categorized as Type I – Ethical 3C, Type II – Hegemonic 3C, and Type III – Dominant 3C. Attributes were assigned according to each type. To validate the established typification, qualitative surveys were conducted with NATO (ACT), the U.S. Armed Forces (USCENTCOM), and the German Armed Forces (BMVg). These interviews validated the typification and revealed a varied approach to 3C in the established dimensions. It became evident that dimensions A and B indicated a prevalence of Type III, which greatly impacts the work atmosphere and effectiveness for NATO (ACT). In contrast, dimension C revealed the use of postcolonial mechanisms by NATO forces, such as applying one’s value systems to other cultures and having the appearance of an occupying force when 3C is not applied (Type I-II). In general, the function of each 3C type in the various dimensions could be determined. In addition, a comparative study of the document analysis and the qualitative surveys resulted in a canon for culture-general skills. Regarding the determined lack of coherence in 3C correlating with a demonstrably negative impact on effectiveness and efficiency as well as interoperability, a NATO standard in the form of a standardization agreement (STANAG) was suggested based on the aforementioned findings, with a focus on: empathy, cross-cultural awareness, communication skills (including active listening), flexibility and adaptability, and interest. Moreover, tolerance of ambiguity and teachability, patience, observation skills, and perspective-taking could be considered significant. Suspending judgment and respect are also relevant skills here. At the same time, the document analysis also revealed a lack of coherency and consistency in 3C education and interorganizational alignment. In particular, the documents examined for the U.S. Forces indicated divergent approaches. Furthermore, the interview analysis disclosed a large discrepancy in part between doctrine and actual implementation with regard to the NATO Forces. N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Funktion von Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) in der NATO in einem militärischen Kontext, wobei der Fokus auf zwei Mitgliedsstaaten und den jeweiligen Streitkräften liegt: Den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Drei Dimensionen wurden definiert, um 3C intern und extern zu analysieren: Dimension A – 3C innerhalb der militärischen Organisation, Dimension B – 3C in multikulturellen NATO-Kontingenten während einer Übung oder Mission und auf Koalitionsebene sowie Dimension C – 3C in Umgang und Interaktion mit der lokalen Bevölkerung eines Einsatzlandes. Bei der Konzipierung des Forschungsdesigns wurde die kulturwissenschaftliche Theorie der Hegemonie von Antonio Gramsci herangezogen und auf eine umfangreiche Dokumentenanalyse von 3C Unterrichtsmaterialien, Dienstvorschriften sowie anderen offiziellen Dokumenten angewendet, mit dem Ziel eine Typisierung für 3C abzuleiten. Daraus ließ sich Cross-Cultural Competence in ein dreiteiliges Konstrukt mit seinen jeweiligen Typen gliedern: Typ I – Ethisch, Typ II – Hegemonial und Typ III – Dominant. Ersterer wird hierbei als Teil der sozialen Kompetenz verstanden, während Typ II und III als militärisches Instrument definiert werden. Diesen Typen wurden entsprechende Attribute zugeordnet. Um die Typisierung zu validieren, wurden qualitative Studien mit militärischem Personal der NATO (ACT), den U.S. Streitkräften (USCENTCOM) und der Bundeswehr (BMVg) durchgeführt. Die Interviews bestätigten die deduzierte Typisierung und enthüllten ein variierendes Verständnis sowie eine variierende Anwendung von 3C in den festgelegten Dimensionen. Hierbei wurde eine Prävalenz von Typ III in Dimension A und B deutlich, die sich auf die Arbeitsatmosphäre und Effektivität in der NATO (ACT) auswirkt. Im Gegensatz hierzu konnte in Dimension C die Anwendung von postkolonialen Mechanismen von NATO Streitkräften konstatiert werden, wie die Anwendung des eigenen Wertesystems auf „andere“ Kulturen und das Auftreten einer Okkupationsmacht, wenn 3C Typ I-II nicht angewendet wird. Letztlich konnte die Funktion jedes 3C Typen in den jeweiligen Dimensionen bestimmt werden. Darüber hinaus wurde mittels des komparativen Vergleichs der Dokumentenanalyse und der qualitativen Studie ein Kanon für Kultur-allgemeine Fähigkeiten generiert. Bezüglich der festzustellenden mangelnden Kohärenz in 3C Verständnis und Anwendung, die mit der demonstrativ negativen Auswirkung auf Effektivität, Effizienz und Interoperabilität korreliert, wurde ein NATO Standard in Form eines Standardization Agreements (STANAG) vorgeschlagen, der auf den zuvor genannten Ergebnissen basiert und sich aus folgenden Kultur-allgemeinen Fähigkeiten zusammensetzt: Empathie, Cross-Cultural Bewusstsein, Kommunikationsfähigkeiten, ebenso wie aktives Zuhören, Flexibilität, Anpassungsfähigkeit und Interesse. Des Weiteren wurden Toleranz, Lernfähigkeit/Bereitschaft, Geduld, Observierungsfähigkeiten und Perspektivenwechsel als signifikant herausgestellt, ebenso wie das Zurückhalten und die Reflexion von Vorurteilen, und Respekt. Im gleichen Zuge konnte die Dokumentenanalyse die Inkongruenz in 3C Ausbildung und interorganisationeller Übereinstimmung hervorheben. Insbesondere die Dokumente der U.S. Streitkräfte wiesen divergierende Ansätze auf. Schließlich zeigte die Interviewanalyse eine Diskrepanz zwischen Doktrin und tatsächlicher Implementierung von 3C für die NATO Streitkräfte auf. KW - cross-cultural competence KW - interkulturelle Kompetenz KW - culture-general skills KW - leadership KW - hegemony KW - 3C KW - function of cross-cultural competence KW - standardization (STANAG) KW - interoperability KW - Bundeswehr KW - U.S. Armed Forces KW - NATO KW - qualitative research KW - multinational oganizations KW - intercultural communication Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-534463 SN - 978-3-86956-527-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Eigelshoven, Felix A1 - Renz, André T1 - Data mining of scientific research on artificial intelligence in teaching and administration in higher education institutions BT - a bibliometrics analysis and recommendation for future research JF - Discover artificial intelligence N2 - Teaching and learning as well as administrative processes are still experiencing intensive changes with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and its diverse application opportunities in the context of higher education. Therewith, the scientific interest in the topic in general, but also specific focal points rose as well. However, there is no structured overview on AI in teaching and administration processes in higher education institutions that allows to identify major research topics and trends, and concretizing peculiarities and develops recommendations for further action. To overcome this gap, this study seeks to systematize the current scientific discourse on AI in teaching and administration in higher education institutions. This study identified an (1) imbalance in research on AI in educational and administrative contexts, (2) an imbalance in disciplines and lack of interdisciplinary research, (3) inequalities in cross-national research activities, as well as (4) neglected research topics and paths. In this way, a comparative analysis between AI usage in administration and teaching and learning processes, a systematization of the state of research, an identification of research gaps as well as further research path on AI in higher education institutions are contributed to research. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-022-00031-7 SN - 2731-0809 VL - 2 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Kohl, Caroline ED - Egbert, Björn ED - Erdmann, Julius T1 - Gefährdungsbeurteilung und Erste Hilfe BT - Eine Lehrhandreichung zur Arbeit in Schulwerkstätten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Holztechnik T2 - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Innovation des Sachunterrichts N2 - Als Folge der sicherheitstechnischen Entwicklung haben sich die Arbeitsbedingungen für Lehrkräfte in den allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen sehr gewandelt. Immer komplexere Arbeitsabläufe im Unterricht machen es erforderlich, die begleitenden Vorsorgemaßnahmen zur Sicherheitserziehung und Unfallverhütung weiterzuentwickeln. Lehrkräfte sind in der umfassenden Verantwortung, den Gesundheitsschutz gegenüber den ihnen anvertrauten Schülerinnen und Schülern sicherzustellen. Dies betrifft insbesondere Unterricht, bei dem technische Hilfsmittel, Handwerkzeuge, Maschinen und Apparate zum Einsatz kommen, also sogenannte Werkstattkontexte auftreten, etwa in den Fächern Sachunterricht, Kunst und Wirtschaft-Arbeit-Technik. Der Klassenraum fungiert dabei einerseits als Bildungsstätte, andererseits ist er auch der Arbeitsplatz von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern und unterliegt damit Arbeitsschutzvorschriften. Um für beide Zielgruppen die Gefahr einer Verletzung durch die zugrundeliegenden Tätigkeiten zu minimieren, hat der Gesetzgeber über das Arbeitsschutzgesetz Normen und Verantwortlichkeiten erlassen, welche den Gesundheitsschutz von Schülerinnen und Schülern und von Lehrkräften sicherstellen sollen. Als zentrales Mittel dient dazu die sogenannte Gefährdungsbeurteilung. Dieser praxisorientierte Band richtet sich an alle Lehrkräfte, um sie bei der Durchführung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung zu unterstützen. Dazu werden die Grundlagen der Gefährdungsbeurteilung als zentrales Instrument der vorbeugenden Gefahrenabwehr und die Mitbestimmungspflichten der Lehrkräfte abgebildet. Am Beispiel der Holzwerkstatt erfolgt eine exemplarische Anwendung und Umsetzung der Methode der Gefährdungsbeurteilung. Überdies erhalten die Lesenden in der Kombination von Gefährdungsbeurteilung und Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen einen vollständigen Überblick über den Verantwortungsbereich des Arbeitsschutzes als umfassenden Schutz der Gesundheit im Werkstattkontext an Schulen. T3 - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Innovation des Sachunterrichts - 1 KW - Arbeitssicherheit KW - Erste Hilfe KW - Sachunterricht KW - Werkunterricht KW - Gefährdungsbeurteilung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550535 SN - 978-3-86956-538-5 SN - 2939-9890 SN - 2939-9904 IS - 1 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moreno, Eduardo A1 - Großmann, Robert A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Alonso, Sergio T1 - From single to collective motion of social amoebae BT - a computational study of interacting cells JF - Frontiers in physics N2 - The coupling of the internal mechanisms of cell polarization to cell shape deformations and subsequent cell crawling poses many interdisciplinary scientific challenges. Several mathematical approaches have been proposed to model the coupling of both processes, where one of the most successful methods relies on a phase field that encodes the morphology of the cell, together with the integration of partial differential equations that account for the polarization mechanism inside the cell domain as defined by the phase field. This approach has been previously employed to model the motion of single cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a widely used model organism to study actin-driven motility and chemotaxis of eukaryotic cells. Besides single cell motility, Dictyostelium discoideum is also well-known for its collective behavior. Here, we extend the previously introduced model for single cell motility to describe the collective motion of large populations of interacting amoebae by including repulsive interactions between the cells. We performed numerical simulations of this model, first characterizing the motion of single cells in terms of their polarity and velocity vectors. We then systematically studied the collisions between two cells that provided the basic interaction scenarios also observed in larger ensembles of interacting amoebae. Finally, the relevance of the cell density was analyzed, revealing a systematic decrease of the motility with density, associated with the formation of transient cell clusters that emerge in this system even though our model does not include any attractive interactions between cells. This model is a prototypical active matter system for the investigation of the emergent collective dynamics of deformable, self-driven cells with a highly complex, nonlinear coupling of cell shape deformations, self-propulsion and repulsive cell-cell interactions. Understanding these self-organization processes of cells like their autonomous aggregation is of high relevance as collective amoeboid motility is part of wound healing, embryonic morphogenesis or pathological processes like the spreading of metastatic cancer cells. KW - cell motility KW - cell polarity KW - reaction-diffusion models KW - cell-cell KW - interactions KW - phase field model KW - collective motion KW - active matter Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.750187 SN - 2296-424X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agne, Stefanie A1 - Preick, Michaela A1 - Straube, Nicolas A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Simultaneous Barcode Sequencing of Diverse Museum Collection Specimens Using a Mixed RNA Bait Set JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - A growing number of publications presenting results from sequencing natural history collection specimens reflect the importance of DNA sequence information from such samples. Ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods in combination with target gene capture are a way of unlocking archival DNA, including from formalin-fixed wet-collection material. Here we report on an experiment, in which we used an RNA bait set containing baits from a wide taxonomic range of species for DNA hybridisation capture of nuclear and mitochondrial targets for analysing natural history collection specimens. The bait set used consists of 2,492 mitochondrial and 530 nuclear RNA baits and comprises specific barcode loci of diverse animal groups including both invertebrates and vertebrates. The baits allowed to capture DNA sequence information of target barcode loci from 84% of the 37 samples tested, with nuclear markers being captured more frequently and consensus sequences of these being more complete compared to mitochondrial markers. Samples from dry material had a higher rate of success than wet-collection specimens, although target sequence information could be captured from 50% of formalin-fixed samples. Our study illustrates how efforts to obtain barcode sequence information from natural history collection specimens may be combined and are a way of implementing barcoding inventories of scientific collection material. KW - target capture KW - type specimens KW - molecular species identification KW - museum specimens KW - cross-species capture Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.909846 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills BT - Validation of a short scale JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S). Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts. Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills). Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument. KW - standardized patient KW - treatment integrity KW - measurement KW - therapist competence KW - role-play KW - psychotherapy process Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Assessing patient preferences BT - examination of the german cooper-norcross inventory of preferences JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP. KW - psychotherapy KW - preference KW - activity preference KW - preference assessment KW - validation study Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orland, Andreas A1 - Padubrin, Max T1 - Is there a gender hiring gap in academic economics? BT - evidence from a network analysis JF - Royal Society Open Science N2 - We collect a network dataset of tenured economics faculty in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We rank the 100 institutions included with a minimum violation ranking. This ranking is positively and significantly correlated with the Times Higher Education ranking of economics institutions. According to the network ranking, individuals on average go down about 23 ranks from their doctoral institution to their employing institution. While the share of females in our dataset is only 15%, we do not observe a significant gender hiring gap (a difference in rank changes between male and female faculty). We conduct a robustness check with the Handelsblatt and the Times Higher Education ranking. According to these rankings, individuals on average go down only about two ranks. We do not observe a significant gender hiring gap using these two rankings (although the dataset underlying this analysis is small and these estimates are likely to be noisy). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the network ranking in our context. KW - gender KW - networks KW - academia Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210717 SN - 2054-5703 VL - 9 IS - 2 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphal, Andrea A1 - Kalinowski, Eva A1 - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha A1 - Vock, Miriam T1 - K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic BT - a systematic review JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K-12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K-12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K-12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K-12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. KW - burnout KW - stress KW - COVID-19 KW - pandemic KW - K-12 teachers KW - remote teaching Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Assessing Patient Preferences BT - Examination of the German Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients’ preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP. KW - psychotherapy KW - preference KW - activity preference KW - preference assessment KW - validation study Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha A1 - Ajambang, Walter T1 - Transcriptomic dataset for early inflorescence stages of oil palm in response to defoliation stress JF - Data in Brief N2 - Oil palm breeding and seed development have been hindered due to the male parent's incapacity to produce male inflorescence as a source of pollen under normal conditions. On the other hand, a young oil palm plantation has a low pollination rate due to a lack of male flowers. These are the common problem of sex ratio in the oil palm industry. Nevertheless, the regulation of sex ratio in oil palm plants is a complex mechanism and remains an open question until now. Researchers have previously used complete defoliation to induce male inflorescences, but the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying this morphological change have yet to be discovered. Here, we present an RNA-seq dataset from three early stages of an oil palm inflorescence under normal conditions and complete defoliation stress. This transcriptomic dataset is a valuable resource to improve our understanding of sex determination mechanisms in oil palm inflorescence. KW - Complete defoliation KW - Flower development KW - Leaf axil KW - NGS KW - RNA-seq KW - Sex KW - determination Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.107914 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 41 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parry, Victor A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Behavioural Responses of Defended and Undefended Prey to Their Predator BT - A Case Study of Rotifera JF - Biology N2 - Predation is a strong species interaction causing severe harm or death to prey. Thus, prey species have evolved various defence strategies to minimize predation risk, which may be immediate (e.g., a change in behaviour) or transgenerational (morphological defence structures). We studied the behaviour of two strains of a rotiferan prey (Brachionus calyciflorus) that differ in their ability to develop morphological defences in response to their predator Asplanchna brightwellii. Using video analysis, we tested: (a) if two strains differ in their response to predator presence and predator cues when both are undefended; (b) whether defended individuals respond to live predators or their cues; and (c) if the morphological defence (large spines) per se has an effect on the swimming behaviour. We found a clear increase in swimming speed for both undefended strains in predator presence. However, the defended specimens responded neither to the predator presence nor to their cues, showing that they behave indifferently to their predator when they are defended. We did not detect an effect of the spines on the swimming behaviour. Our study demonstrates a complex plastic behaviour of the prey, not only in the presence of their predator, but also with respect to their defence status. KW - animal behaviour KW - transgenerational response KW - Brachionus calyciflorus KW - Asplanchna brightwellii KW - video analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081217 SN - 2079-7737 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER -