TY - JOUR A1 - Rein, Patrick A1 - Ramson, Stefan A1 - Lincke, Jens A1 - Felgentreff, Tim A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - Group-Based Behavior Adaptation Mechanisms in Object-Oriented Systems JF - IEEE software N2 - Dynamic and distributed systems require behavior adaptations for groups of objects. Group-based behavior adaptation mechanisms scope adaptations to objects matching conditions beyond class membership. The specification of groups can be explicit or implicit. KW - group-based behavior adaptation KW - lively groups KW - ContextErlang KW - entity-component-system KW - predicated generic functions KW - active layers KW - reactive object queries KW - context groups KW - implied methods KW - object-oriented languages KW - software engineering KW - software development KW - contextual-variability modeling Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2017.4121224 SN - 0740-7459 SN - 1937-4194 VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 78 EP - 82 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleifuss, Tobias A1 - Bornemann, Leon A1 - Johnson, Theodore A1 - Kalashnikov, Dmitri A1 - Naumann, Felix A1 - Srivastava, Divesh T1 - Exploring Change BT - a new dimension of data analytics JF - Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment N2 - Data and metadata in datasets experience many different kinds of change. Values axe inserted, deleted or updated; rows appear and disappear; columns are added or repurposed, etc. In such a dynamic situation, users might have many questions related to changes in the dataset, for instance which parts of the data are trustworthy and which are not? Users will wonder: How many changes have there been in the recent minutes, days or years? What kind of changes were made at which points of time? How dirty is the data? Is data cleansing required? The fact that data changed can hint at different hidden processes or agendas: a frequently crowd-updated city name may be controversial; a person whose name has been recently changed may be the target of vandalism; and so on. We show various use cases that benefit from recognizing and exploring such change. We envision a system and methods to interactively explore such change, addressing the variability dimension of big data challenges. To this end, we propose a model to capture change and the process of exploring dynamic data to identify salient changes. We provide exploration primitives along with motivational examples and measures for the volatility of data. We identify technical challenges that need to be addressed to make our vision a reality, and propose directions of future work for the data management community. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14778/3282495.3282496 SN - 2150-8097 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 85 EP - 98 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maximova, Maria A1 - Giese, Holger A1 - Krause, Christian T1 - Probabilistic timed graph transformation systems JF - Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming N2 - Today, software has become an intrinsic part of complex distributed embedded real-time systems. The next generation of embedded real-time systems will interconnect the today unconnected systems via complex software parts and the service-oriented paradigm. Due to these interconnections, the architecture of systems can be subject to changes at run-time, e.g. when dynamic binding of service end-points is employed or complex collaborations are established dynamically. However, suitable formalisms and techniques that allow for modeling and analysis of timed and probabilistic behavior of such systems as well as of their structure dynamics do not exist so far. To fill the identified gap, we propose Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems (PTGTSs) as a high-level description language that supports all the necessary aspects of structure dynamics, timed behavior, and probabilistic behavior. We introduce the formal model of PTGTSs in this paper as well as present and formally verify a mapping of models with finite state spaces to probabilistic timed automata (PTA) that allows to use the PRISM model checker to analyze PTGTS models with respect to PTCTL properties. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Graph transformations KW - Probabilistic timed automata KW - PTCTL KW - PRISM model checker KW - HENSHIN Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2018.09.003 SN - 2352-2208 VL - 101 SP - 110 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert A1 - Kawarnura, Katsuya T1 - Dynamic service adaptation JF - Software : practice & experience N2 - Change can be observed in our environment and in the technology we build. While changes in the environment happen continuously and implicitly, our technology has to be kept in sync with the changing world around it. Although we can prepare for some of the changes for most of them we cannot. This is especially true for next-generation mobile communication systems that are expected to support the creation of a ubiquitous society where virtually everything is connected and made available within an organic information network. Resources will frequently join or leave the network, new types of media or new combinations of existing types will be used to interact and cooperate, and services will be tailored to preferences and needs of individual customers to better meet their needs. This paper outlines our research in the area of dynamic service adaptation to provide concepts and technologies allowing for such environments. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - dynamic service adaptation KW - DSA KW - aspect-oriented programming KW - dynamic AOP Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.766 SN - 0038-0644 SN - 1097-024X VL - 36 IS - 11-12 SP - 1115 EP - 1131 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dyck, Johannes A1 - Giese, Holger A1 - Lambers, Leen T1 - Automatic verification of behavior preservation at the transformation level for relational model transformation JF - Software and systems modeling N2 - The correctness of model transformations is a crucial element for model-driven engineering of high-quality software. In particular, behavior preservation is an important correctness property avoiding the introduction of semantic errors during the model-driven engineering process. Behavior preservation verification techniques show some kind of behavioral equivalence or refinement between source and target model of the transformation. Automatic tool support is available for verifying behavior preservation at the instance level, i.e., for a given source and target model specified by the model transformation. However, until now there is no sound and automatic verification approach available at the transformation level, i.e., for all source and target models. In this article, we extend our results presented in earlier work (Giese and Lambers, in: Ehrig et al (eds) Graph transformations, Springer, Berlin, 2012) and outline a new transformation-level approach for the sound and automatic verification of behavior preservation captured by bisimulation resp.simulation for outplace model transformations specified by triple graph grammars and semantic definitions given by graph transformation rules. In particular, we first show how behavior preservation can be modeled in a symbolic manner at the transformation level and then describe that transformation-level verification of behavior preservation can be reduced to invariant checking of suitable conditions for graph transformations. We demonstrate that the resulting checking problem can be addressed by our own invariant checker for an example of a transformation between sequence charts and communicating automata. KW - Relational model transformation KW - Formal verification of behavior preservation KW - Behavioral equivalence and refinement KW - Bisimulation and simulation KW - Graph transformation KW - Triple graph grammars KW - Invariant checking Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-018-00706-9 SN - 1619-1366 SN - 1619-1374 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 2937 EP - 2972 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hölzle, Katharina A1 - Björk, Jennie A1 - Visscher, Klaasjan T1 - Editorial T2 - Creativity and innovation management N2 - The new year starts and many of us have right away been burdened with conference datelines, grant proposal datelines, teaching obligations, paper revisions and many other things. While being more or less successful in fulfilling To‐Do lists and ticking of urgent (and sometimes even important) things, we often feel that our ability to be truly creative or innovative is rather restrained by this (external pressure). With this, we are not alone. Many studies have shown that stress does influence overall work performance and satisfaction. Furthermore, more and more students and entry‐levels look for work‐life balance and search for employers that offer a surrounding and organization considering these needs. High‐Tech and start‐up companies praise themselves for their “Feel‐Good managers” or Yoga programs. But is this really helpful? Is there indeed a relationship between stress, adverse work environment and creativity or innovation? What are the supporting factors in a work environment that lets employees be more creative? What kind of leadership do we need for innovative behaviour and to what extent can an organization create support structures that reduce the stress we feel? The first issue of Creativity and Innovation Management in 2019 gives some first answers to these questions and hopefully some food for thought. The first paper written by Dirk De Clercq, and Imanol Belausteguigoitia starts with the question which impact work overload has on creative behaviour. The authors look at how employees' perceptions of work overload reduces their creative behaviour. While they find empirical proof for this relationship, they can also show that the effect is weaker with higher levels of passion for work, emotion sharing, and organizational commitment. The buffering effects of emotion sharing and organizational commitment are particularly strong when they are combined with high levels of passion for work. Their findings give first empirical proof that organizations can and should take an active role in helping their employees reducing the effects of adverse work conditions in order to become or stay creative. However, not only work overload is harming creative behaviour, also the fear of losing one's job has detrimental effects on innovative work behaviour. Anahi van Hootegem, Wendy Niesen and Hans de Witte verify that stress and adverse environmental conditions shape our perception of work. Using threat rigidity theory and an empirical study of 394 employees, they show that the threat of job loss impairs employees' innovativeness through increased irritation and decreased concentration. Organizations can help their employees coping better with this insecurity by communicating more openly and providing different support structures. Support often comes from leadership and the support of the supervisor can clearly shape an employee's motivation to show creative behaviour. Wenjing Cai, Evgenia Lysova, Bart A. G. Bossink, Svetlana N. Khapova and Weidong Wang report empirical findings from a large‐scale survey in China where they find that supervisor support for creativity and job characteristics effectively activate individual psychological capital associated with employee creativity. On a slight different notion, Gisela Bäcklander looks at agile practices in a very well‐known High Tech firm. In “Doing Complexity Leadership Theory: How agile coaches at Spotify practice enabling leadership”, she researches the role of agile coaches and how they practice enabling leadership, a key balancing force in complexity leadership. She finds that the active involvement of coaches in observing group dynamics, surfacing conflict and facilitating and encouraging constructive dialogue leads to a positive working environment and the well‐being of employees. Quotes from the interviews suggest that the flexible structure provided by the coaches may prove a fruitful way to navigate and balance autonomy and alignment in organizations. The fifth paper of Frederik Anseel, Michael Vandamme, Wouter Duyck and Eric Rietzchel goes a little further down this road and researches how groups can be motivated better to select truly creative ideas. We know from former studies that groups often perform rather poorly when it comes to selecting creative ideas for implementation. The authors find in an extensive field experiment that under conditions of high epistemic motivation, proself motivated groups select significantly more creative and original ideas than prosocial groups. They conclude however, that more research is needed to understand better why these differences occur. The prosocial behaviour of groups is also the theme of Karin Moser, Jeremy F. Dawson and Michael A. West's paper on “Antecedents of team innovation in health care teams”. They look at team‐level motivation and how a prosocial team environment, indicated by the level of helping behaviour and information‐sharing, may foster innovation. Their results support the hypotheses of both information‐sharing and helping behaviour on team innovation. They suggest that both factors may actually act as buffer against constraints in team work, such as large team size or high occupational diversity in cross‐functional health care teams, and potentially turn these into resources supporting team innovation rather than acting as barriers. Away from teams and onto designing favourable work environments, the seventh paper of Ferney Osorio, Laurent Dupont, Mauricio Camargo, Pedro Palominos, Jose Ismael Pena and Miguel Alfaro looks into innovation laboratories. Although several studies have tackled the problem of design, development and sustainability of these spaces for innovation, there is still a gap in understanding how the capabilities and performance of these environments are affected by the strategic intentions at the early stages of their design and functioning. The authors analyse and compare eight existing frameworks from literature and propose a new framework for researchers and practitioners aiming to assess or to adapt innovation laboratories. They test their framework in an exploratory study with fifteen laboratories from five different countries and give recommendations for the future design of these laboratories. From design to design thinking goes our last paper from Rama Krishna Reddy Kummitha on “Design Thinking in Social Organisations: Understanding the role of user engagement” where she studies how users persuade social organisations to adopt design thinking. Looking at four social organisations in India during 2008 to 2013, she finds that the designer roles are blurred when social organisations adopt design thinking, while users in the form of interconnecting agencies reduce the gap between designers and communities. The last two articles were developed from papers presented at the 17th International CINet conference organized in Turin in 2016 by Paolo Neirotti and his colleagues. In the first article, Fábio Gama, Johan Frishammar and Vinit Parida focus on ideation and open innovation in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises. They investigate the relationship between systematic idea generation and performance and the moderating role of market‐based partnerships. Based on a survey among manufacturing SMEs, they conclude that higher levels of performance are reached and that collaboration with customers and suppliers pays off most when idea generation is done in a highly systematic way. The second article, by Anna Holmquist, Mats Magnusson and Mona Livholts, resonates the theme of the CINet conference ‘Innovation and Tradition; combining the old and the new’. They explore how tradition is used in craft‐based design practices to create new meaning. Applying a narrative ‘research through design’ approach they uncover important design elements, and tensions between them. Please enjoy this first issue of CIM in 2019 and we wish you creativity and innovation without too much stress in the months to come. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12307 SN - 0963-1690 SN - 1467-8691 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 4 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Björk, Jennie A1 - Hölzle, Katharina T1 - Editorial T2 - Creativity and innovation management N2 - "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has. - Margaret Mead." With the last issue of this year we want to point out directions towards what will come and what challenges and opportunities lie ahead of us. More needed than ever are joint creative efforts to find ways to collaborate and innovate in order to secure the wellbeing of our earth for the next generation to come. We have found ourselves puzzled that we could assemble a sustainability issue without having a call for papers or a special issue. In fact, many of the submissions we currently receive, deal with sustainable, ecological or novel approaches to management and organizations. As creativity and innovation are undisputable necessary ingredients for reaching the sustainable development goals, empirical proof and research in this area are still in their infancy. While the role of design and design thinking has been highlighted before for solving wicked societal problems, a lot more research is needed which creative and innovative ways organisations and societies can take to find solutions to climate change, poverty, hunger and education. We would therefore like to call to you, our readers and writers to tackle these problems with your research. The first article in this issue addresses one of the above named challenges - the role of innovation for achieving the transition to a low-carbon energy world. In “Innovating for low-carbon energy through hydropower: Enabling a conservation charity's transition to a low-carbon community”, the authors John Gallagher, Paul Coughlan, A. Prysor Williams and Aonghus McNabola look at how an eco-design approach has supported a community transition to low-carbon. They highlight the importance of effective management as well as external collaboration and how the key for success lay in fostering an open environment for creativity and idea sharing. The second article addresses another of the grand challenges, the future of mobility and uses a design-driven approach to develop scenarios for mobility in cities. In “Designing radical innovations of meanings for society: envisioning new scenarios for smart mobility”, the authors Claudio Dell'Era, Naiara Altuna and Roberto Verganti investigate how new meanings can be designed and proposed to society rather than to individuals in the particular context of smart mobility. Through two case studies the authors argue for a multi-level perspective, taking the perspective of the society to solve societal challenges while considering the needs of the individual. The latter is needed because we will not change if our needs are not addressed. Furthermore, the authors find that both, meaning and technology need to be considered to create radical innovation for society. The role of meaning continues in the third article in this issue. The authors Marta Gasparin and William Green show in their article “Reconstructing meaning without redesigning products: The case of the Serie7 chair” how meaning changes over time even though the product remains the same. Through an in-depth retrospective study of the Serie 7 chair the authors investigate the relationship between meaning and the materiality of the object, and show the importance of materiality in constructing product meaning over long periods. Translating this meaning over the course of the innovation process is an important task of management in order to gain buy-in from all involved stakeholders. In the following article “A systematic approach for new technology development by using a biomimicry-based TRIZ contradiction matrix” the authors Byungun Yoon, Chaeguk Lim, Inchae Park and Dooseob Yoon develop a systematic process combining biomimicry and technology-based TRIZ in order to solve technological problems or develop new technologies based on completely new sources or combinations from technology and biology. In the fifth article in this issue “Innovating via Building Absorptive Capacity: Interactive Effects of Top Management Support of Learning, Employee Learning Orientation, and Decentralization Structure” the authors Li-Yun Sun, Chenwei Li and Yuntao Dong examine the effect of learning-related personal and contextual factors on organizational absorptive capability and subsequent innovative performance. The authors find positive effects as well as a moderation influence of decentralized organizational decision-making structures. In the sixth article “Creativity within boundaries: social identity and the development of new ideas in franchise systems” the authors Fanny Simon, Catherine Allix-Desfautaux, Nabil Khelil and Anne-Laure Le Nadant address the paradox of balancing novelty and conformity for creativity in a franchise system. This research is one of the first we know to explicitly address creativity and innovation in such a rigid and pre-determined system. Using a social identity perspective, they can show that social control, which may be exerted by manipulating group identity, is an efficient lever to increase both the creation and the diffusion of the idea. Furthermore, they show that franchisees who do not conform to the norm of the group are stigmatized and must face pressure from the group to adapt their behaviors. This has important implications for future research. In the following article “Exploring employee interactions and quality of contributions in intra-organisational innovation platforms” the authors Dimitra Chasanidou, Njål Sivertstol and Jarle Hildrum examine the user interactions in an intra-organisational innovation platform, and also address the influence of user interactions for idea development. The authors find that employees communicate through the innovation platform with different interaction, contribution and collaboration types and propose three types of contribution qualities—passive, efficient and balanced contribution. In the eighth article “Ready for Take-off”: How Open Innovation influences startup success” Cristina Marullo, Elena Casprini, Alberto di Minin and Andrea Piccaluga seek to predict new venture success based on factors that can be observed in the pre-startup phase. The authors introduce different variables of founding teams and how these relate to startup success. Building on large-scale dataset of submitted business plans at UC Berkeley, they can show that teams with high skills diversity and past joint experience are a lot better able to prevent the risk of business failure at entry and to adapt the internal resources to market conditions. Furthermore, it is crucial for the team to integrate many external knowledge sources into their process (openness) in order to be successful. The crucial role of knowledge and how it is communicated and shared is the focal point of Natalya Sergeeva's and Anna Trifilova's article on “The role of storytelling in the innovation process”. They authors can show how storytelling has an important role to play when it comes to motivating employees to innovate and promoting innovation success stories inside and outside the organization. The deep human desire to hear and experience stories is also addressed in the last article in this issue “Gamification Approaches to the Early Stage of Innovation” by Rui Patricio, Antonio Moreira and Francesco Zurlo. Using gamification approaches at the early stage of innovation promises to create better team coherence, let employees experience fun and engagement, improve communication and foster knowledge exchange. Using an analytical framework, the authors analyze 15 articles that have looked at gamification in the context of innovation management before. They find that gamification indeed supports firms in becoming better at performing complex innovation tasks and managing innovation challenges. Furthermore, gamification in innovation creates a space for inspiration, improves creativity and the generation of high potential ideas. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12298 SN - 0963-1690 SN - 1467-8691 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 373 EP - 374 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orejas, Fernando A1 - Pino, Elvira A1 - Navarro, Marisa A1 - Lambers, Leen T1 - Institutions for navigational logics for graphical structures JF - Theoretical computer science N2 - We show that a Navigational Logic, i.e., a logic to express properties about graphs and about paths in graphs is a semi-exact institution. In this way, we can use a number of operations to structure and modularize our specifications. Moreover, using the properties of our institution, we also show how to structure single formulas, which in our formalism could be quite complex. KW - Institutions KW - Graph logics KW - Navigational logics Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2018.02.031 SN - 0304-3975 SN - 1879-2294 VL - 741 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richly, Keven A1 - Brauer, Janos A1 - Schlosser, Rainer T1 - Predicting location probabilities of drivers to improved dispatch decisions of transportation network companies based on trajectory data JF - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems - ICORES N2 - The demand for peer-to-peer ridesharing services increased over the last years rapidly. To cost-efficiently dispatch orders and communicate accurate pick-up times is challenging as the current location of each available driver is not exactly known since observed locations can be outdated for several seconds. The developed trajectory visualization tool enables transportation network companies to analyze dispatch processes and determine the causes of unexpected delays. As dispatching algorithms are based on the accuracy of arrival time predictions, we account for factors like noise, sample rate, technical and economic limitations as well as the duration of the entire process as they have an impact on the accuracy of spatio-temporal data. To improve dispatching strategies, we propose a prediction approach that provides a probability distribution for a driver’s future locations based on patterns observed in past trajectories. We demonstrate the capabilities of our prediction results to ( i) avoid critical delays, (ii) to estimate waiting times with higher confidence, and (iii) to enable risk considerations in dispatching strategies. KW - trajectory data KW - location prediction algorithm KW - Peer-to-Peer ridesharing KW - transport network companies KW - risk-aware dispatching Y1 - 2020 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söchting, Maximilian A1 - Trapp, Matthias T1 - Controlling image-stylization techniques using eye tracking JF - Science and Technology Publications N2 - With the spread of smart phones capable of taking high-resolution photos and the development of high-speed mobile data infrastructure, digital visual media is becoming one of the most important forms of modern communication. With this development, however, also comes a devaluation of images as a media form with the focus becoming the frequency at which visual content is generated instead of the quality of the content. In this work, an interactive system using image-abstraction techniques and an eye tracking sensor is presented, which allows users to experience diverting and dynamic artworks that react to their eye movement. The underlying modular architecture enables a variety of different interaction techniques that share common design principles, making the interface as intuitive as possible. The resulting experience allows users to experience a game-like interaction in which they aim for a reward, the artwork, while being held under constraints, e.g., not blinking. The co nscious eye movements that are required by some interaction techniques hint an interesting, possible future extension for this work into the field of relaxation exercises and concentration training. KW - Eye-tracking KW - Image Abstraction KW - Image Processing KW - Artistic Image Stylization KW - Interactive Media Y1 - 2020 SN - 2184-4321 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berti-Equille, Laure A1 - Harmouch, Nazar A1 - Naumann, Felix A1 - Novelli, Noel A1 - Saravanan, Thirumuruganathan T1 - Discovery of genuine functional dependencies from relational data with missing values JF - Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment N2 - Functional dependencies (FDs) play an important role in maintaining data quality. They can be used to enforce data consistency and to guide repairs over a database. In this work, we investigate the problem of missing values and its impact on FD discovery. When using existing FD discovery algorithms, some genuine FDs could not be detected precisely due to missing values or some non-genuine FDs can be discovered even though they are caused by missing values with a certain NULL semantics. We define a notion of genuineness and propose algorithms to compute the genuineness score of a discovered FD. This can be used to identify the genuine FDs among the set of all valid dependencies that hold on the data. We evaluate the quality of our method over various real-world and semi-synthetic datasets with extensive experiments. The results show that our method performs well for relatively large FD sets and is able to accurately capture genuine FDs. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14778/3204028.3204032 SN - 2150-8097 VL - 11 IS - 8 SP - 880 EP - 892 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alviano, Mario A1 - Romero Davila, Javier A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - Preference Relations by Approximation T2 - Sixteenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning N2 - Declarative languages for knowledge representation and reasoning provide constructs to define preference relations over the set of possible interpretations, so that preferred models represent optimal solutions of the encoded problem. We introduce the notion of approximation for replacing preference relations with stronger preference relations, that is, relations comparing more pairs of interpretations. Our aim is to accelerate the computation of a non-empty subset of the optimal solutions by means of highly specialized algorithms. We implement our approach in Answer Set Programming (ASP), where problems involving quantitative and qualitative preference relations can be addressed by ASPRIN, implementing a generic optimization algorithm. Unlike this, chains of approximations allow us to reduce several preference relations to the preference relations associated with ASP’s native weak constraints and heuristic directives. In this way, ASPRIN can now take advantage of several highly optimized algorithms implemented by ASP solvers for computing optimal solutions Y1 - 2018 SP - 2 EP - 11 PB - AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - GEN A1 - Risch, Julian A1 - Krestel, Ralf T1 - My Approach = Your Apparatus? BT - Entropy-Based Topic Modeling on Multiple Domain-Specific Text Collections T2 - Libraries N2 - Comparative text mining extends from genre analysis and political bias detection to the revelation of cultural and geographic differences, through to the search for prior art across patents and scientific papers. These applications use cross-collection topic modeling for the exploration, clustering, and comparison of large sets of documents, such as digital libraries. However, topic modeling on documents from different collections is challenging because of domain-specific vocabulary. We present a cross-collection topic model combined with automatic domain term extraction and phrase segmentation. This model distinguishes collection-specific and collection-independent words based on information entropy and reveals commonalities and differences of multiple text collections. We evaluate our model on patents, scientific papers, newspaper articles, forum posts, and Wikipedia articles. In comparison to state-of-the-art cross-collection topic modeling, our model achieves up to 13% higher topic coherence, up to 4% lower perplexity, and up to 31% higher document classification accuracy. More importantly, our approach is the first topic model that ensures disjunct general and specific word distributions, resulting in clear-cut topic representations. KW - Topic modeling KW - Automatic domain term extraction KW - Entropy Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-4503-5178-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3197026.3197038 SN - 2575-7865 SN - 2575-8152 SP - 283 EP - 292 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Nikaj, Adriatik T1 - Restful choreographies T1 - REST-Choreografien N2 - Business process management has become a key instrument to organize work as many companies represent their operations in business process models. Recently, business process choreography diagrams have been introduced as part of the Business Process Model and Notation standard to represent interactions between business processes, run by different partners. When it comes to the interactions between services on the Web, Representational State Transfer (REST) is one of the primary architectural styles employed by web services today. Ideally, the RESTful interactions between participants should implement the interactions defined at the business choreography level. The problem, however, is the conceptual gap between the business process choreography diagrams and RESTful interactions. Choreography diagrams, on the one hand, are modeled from business domain experts with the purpose of capturing, communicating and, ideally, driving the business interactions. RESTful interactions, on the other hand, depend on RESTful interfaces that are designed by web engineers with the purpose of facilitating the interaction between participants on the internet. In most cases however, business domain experts are unaware of the technology behind web service interfaces and web engineers tend to overlook the overall business goals of web services. While there is considerable work on using process models during process implementation, there is little work on using choreography models to implement interactions between business processes. This thesis addresses this research gap by raising the following research question: How to close the conceptual gap between business process choreographies and RESTful interactions? This thesis offers several research contributions that jointly answer the research question. The main research contribution is the design of a language that captures RESTful interactions between participants---RESTful choreography modeling language. Formal completeness properties (with respect to REST) are introduced to validate its instances, called RESTful choreographies. A systematic semi-automatic method for deriving RESTful choreographies from business process choreographies is proposed. The method employs natural language processing techniques to translate business interactions into RESTful interactions. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by developing a prototypical tool that evaluates the derivation method over a large number of choreography models. In addition, the thesis proposes solutions towards implementing RESTful choreographies. In particular, two RESTful service specifications are introduced for aiding, respectively, the execution of choreographies' exclusive gateways and the guidance of RESTful interactions. N2 - Das Prozessmanagement hat sich zu einer wichtigen Methode zur Organisation von Arbeitsabläufen entwickelt, sodass viele Unternehmen ihre Tätigkeiten mittlerweile in Prozessmodellen darstellen. Unlängst wurden zudem im Kontext der Business Process Model and Notation Choreographiediagramme eingeführt, um Interaktionen zwischen Prozessen verschiedener Partner zu beschreiben. Im Web nutzen interagierende Dienste heutzutage den Representational State Transfer (REST) als primären Architekturstil. Idealerweise implementieren die REST-Interaktionen der Dienste also die Interaktionen, die im Choreographiediagramm definiert wurden. Allerdings besteht zwischen Choreographiediagrammen und RESTInteraktionen eine konzeptuelle Diskrepanz. Auf der einen Seite werden Choreographiediagramme von Domänenexperten mit dem Ziel modelliert, die Interaktionen zu erfassen, zu kommunizieren und, idealerweise, voranzutreiben. Auf der anderen Seite sind REST-Interaktionen abhängig von REST-Schnittstellen, welche von Web-Entwicklern mit dem Ziel entworfen werden, Interaktionen zwischen Diensten im Internet zu erleichtern. In den meisten Fällen sind sich Domänenexperten jedoch der Technologien, die Web-Schnittstellen zu Grunde liegen, nicht bewusst, wohingegenWeb-Entwickler die Unternehmensziele der Web-Dienste nicht kennen. Während es umfangreiche Arbeiten zur Implementierung von Prozessmodellen gibt, existieren nur wenige Untersuchungen zur Implementierung von interagierenden Prozessen auf Basis von Choreographiemodellen. Die vorliegende Dissertation adressiert diese Forschungslücke, indem sie die folgende Forschungsfrage aufwirft: Wie kann die konzeptuelle Diskrepanz zwischen Choreographiediagrammen und REST-Interaktionen beseitigt werden? Somit enthält diese Arbeit mehrere Forschungsbeiträge, um diese Frage zu adressieren. Der primäre Beitrag besteht in dem Design einer Modellierungssprache, um REST-Interaktionen zwischen Diensten zu erfassen—der RESTful Choreography Modeling Language. Formale Vollständigkeitseigenschaften (in Bezug auf REST) werden eingeführt, um Instanzen dieser Modelle, sogennante REST-Choreographien, zu validieren. Ferner wird eine systematische, halb-automatische Methode vorgestellt, um RESTChoreographien von Choreographiediagrammen abzuleiten. Diese Methode setzt Techniken des Natural Language Processing ein, um Interaktionen in REST-Interaktionen zu übersetzen. Die Wirksamkeit des Ansatzes wird durch die Entwicklung eines prototypischen Werkzeugs demonstriert, welches die Ableitungsmethode anhand einer großen Anzahl von Choreographiediagrammen evaluiert. Darüber hinaus stellt diese Arbeit Lösungen zur Implementierung von REST-Choreographien bereit. Insbesondere werden zwei REST-Dienstspezifikationen vorgestellt, welche die korrekte Ausführung von exklusiven Gateways eines Choreographiediagramms und die Führung der REST-Interaktionen unterstützen. KW - business process choreographies KW - RESTful interactions KW - Geschäftsprozess-Choreografien KW - REST-Interaktionen Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438903 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Hout, Cristopher V. A1 - Tachmazidou, Ioanna A1 - Backman, Joshua D. A1 - Hoffman, Joshua D. A1 - Liu, Daren A1 - Pandey, Ashutosh K. A1 - Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia A1 - Khalid, Shareef A1 - Ye, Bin A1 - Banerjee, Nilanjana A1 - Li, Alexander H. A1 - O'Dushlaine, Colm A1 - Marcketta, Anthony A1 - Staples, Jeffrey A1 - Schurmann, Claudia A1 - Hawes, Alicia A1 - Maxwell, Evan A1 - Barnard, Leland A1 - Lopez, Alexander A1 - Penn, John A1 - Habegger, Lukas A1 - Blumenfeld, Andrew L. A1 - Bai, Xiaodong A1 - O'Keeffe, Sean A1 - Yadav, Ashish A1 - Praveen, Kavita A1 - Jones, Marcus A1 - Salerno, William J. A1 - Chung, Wendy K. A1 - Surakka, Ida A1 - Willer, Cristen J. A1 - Hveem, Kristian A1 - Leader, Joseph B. A1 - Carey, David J. A1 - Ledbetter, David H. A1 - Cardon, Lon A1 - Yancopoulos, George D. A1 - Economides, Aris A1 - Coppola, Giovanni A1 - Shuldiner, Alan R. A1 - Balasubramanian, Suganthi A1 - Cantor, Michael A1 - Nelson, Matthew R. A1 - Whittaker, John A1 - Reid, Jeffrey G. A1 - Marchini, Jonathan A1 - Overton, John D. A1 - Scott, Robert A. A1 - Abecasis, Goncalo R. A1 - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. A1 - Baras, Aris T1 - Exome sequencing and characterization of 49,960 individuals in the UK Biobank JF - Nature : the international weekly journal of science N2 - The UK Biobank is a prospective study of 502,543 individuals, combining extensive phenotypic and genotypic data with streamlined access for researchers around the world(1). Here we describe the release of exome-sequence data for the first 49,960 study participants, revealing approximately 4 million coding variants (of which around 98.6% have a frequency of less than 1%). The data include 198,269 autosomal predicted loss-of-function (LOF) variants, a more than 14-fold increase compared to the imputed sequence. Nearly all genes (more than 97%) had at least one carrier with a LOF variant, and most genes (more than 69%) had at least ten carriers with a LOF variant. We illustrate the power of characterizing LOF variants in this population through association analyses across 1,730 phenotypes. In addition to replicating established associations, we found novel LOF variants with large effects on disease traits, includingPIEZO1on varicose veins,COL6A1on corneal resistance,MEPEon bone density, andIQGAP2andGMPRon blood cell traits. We further demonstrate the value of exome sequencing by surveying the prevalence of pathogenic variants of clinical importance, and show that 2% of this population has a medically actionable variant. Furthermore, we characterize the penetrance of cancer in carriers of pathogenicBRCA1andBRCA2variants. Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community.
Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants in the UK Biobank highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community. KW - clinical exome KW - breast-cancer KW - mutations KW - recommendations KW - gene KW - metaanalysis KW - variants, KW - BRCA1 KW - risk KW - susceptibility Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2853-0 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 VL - 586 IS - 7831 SP - 749 EP - 756 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schlosser, Rainer A1 - Kossmann, Jan A1 - Boissier, Martin T1 - Efficient Scalable Multi-Attribute Index Selection Using Recursive Strategies T2 - 2019 IEEE 35th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) N2 - An efficient selection of indexes is indispensable for database performance. For large problem instances with hundreds of tables, existing approaches are not suitable: They either exhibit prohibitive runtimes or yield far from optimal index configurations by strongly limiting the set of index candidates or not handling index interaction explicitly. We introduce a novel recursive strategy that does not exclude index candidates in advance and effectively accounts for index interaction. Using large real-world workloads, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach. Further, we evaluate our solution end to end with a commercial database system using a reproducible setup. We show that our solutions are near-optimal for small index selection problems. For larger problems, our strategy outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both scalability and solution quality. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-5386-7474-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE.2019.00113 SN - 1084-4627 SP - 1238 EP - 1249 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christopher Ashwood, Wout Bittremieux A1 - Bittremieux, Wout A1 - Deutsch, Eric W. A1 - Doncheva, Nadezhda T. A1 - Dorfer, Viktoria A1 - Gabriels, Ralf A1 - Gorshkov, Vladimir A1 - Gupta, Surya A1 - Jones, Andrew R. A1 - Käll, Lukas A1 - Kopczynski, Dominik A1 - Lane, Lydie A1 - Lautenbacher, Ludwig A1 - Legeay, Marc A1 - Locard-Paulet, Marie A1 - Mesuere, Bart A1 - Sachsenberg, Timo A1 - Salz, Renee A1 - Samaras, Patroklos A1 - Schiebenhoefer, Henning A1 - Schmidt, Tobias A1 - Schwämmle, Veit A1 - Soggiu, Alessio A1 - Uszkoreit, Julian A1 - Van Den Bossche, Tim A1 - Van Puyvelde, Bart A1 - Van Strien, Joeri A1 - Verschaffelt, Pieter A1 - Webel, Henry A1 - Willems, Sander A1 - Perez-Riverolab, Yasset A1 - Netz, Eugen A1 - Pfeuffer, Julianus T1 - Proceedings of the EuBIC-MS 2020 Developers’ Meeting JF - EuPA Open Proteomics N2 - The 2020 European Bioinformatics Community for Mass Spectrometry (EuBIC-MS) Developers’ meeting was held from January 13th to January 17th 2020 in Nyborg, Denmark. Among the participants were scientists as well as developers working in the field of computational mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics. The 4-day program was split between introductory keynote lectures and parallel hackathon sessions. During the latter, the participants developed bioinformatics tools and resources addressing outstanding needs in the community. The hackathons allowed less experienced participants to learn from more advanced computational MS experts, and to actively contribute to highly relevant research projects. We successfully produced several new tools that will be useful to the proteomics community by improving data analysis as well as facilitating future research. All keynote recordings are available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890181. KW - computational mass spectrometry KW - proteomics KW - bioinformatics KW - spectrum clustering KW - phosphoproteomics KW - XIC extraction KW - proteomics graph networks KW - predicted spectra Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euprot.2020.11.001 SN - 2212-9685 VL - 24 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stojanovic, Vladeta A1 - Trapp, Matthias A1 - Richter, Rico A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Service-oriented semantic enrichment of indoor point clouds using octree-based multiview classification JF - Graphical Models N2 - The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Facility Management (FM) in the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) stages of the building life-cycle is intended to bridge the gap between operations and digital data, but lacks the functionality of assessing the state of the built environment due to non-automated generation of associated semantics. 3D point clouds can be used to capture the physical state of the built environment, but also lack these associated semantics. A prototypical implementation of a service-oriented architecture for classification of indoor point cloud scenes of office environments is presented, using multiview classification. The multiview classification approach is tested using a retrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model - Inception V3. The presented approach for classifying common office furniture objects (chairs, sofas and desks), contained in 3D point cloud scans, is tested and evaluated. The results show that the presented approach can classify common office furniture up to an acceptable degree of accuracy, and is suitable for quick and robust semantics approximation - based on RGB (red, green and blue color channel) cubemap images of the octree partitioned areas of the 3D point cloud scan. Additional methods for web-based 3D visualization, editing and annotation of point clouds are also discussed. Using the described approach, captured scans of indoor environments can be semantically enriched using object annotations derived from multiview classification results. Furthermore, the presented approach is suited for semantic enrichment of lower resolution indoor point clouds acquired using commodity mobile devices. KW - Semantic enrichment KW - 3D point clouds KW - Multiview classification KW - Service-oriented KW - Indoor environments Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2019.101039 SN - 1524-0703 SN - 1524-0711 VL - 105 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fricke, Andreas A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich A1 - Asche, Hartmut T1 - Servicification - Trend or Paradigm Shift in Geospatial Data Processing? T2 - Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2018, PT III N2 - Currently we are witnessing profound changes in the geospatial domain. Driven by recent ICT developments, such as web services, serviceoriented computing or open-source software, an explosion of geodata and geospatial applications or rapidly growing communities of non-specialist users, the crucial issue is the provision and integration of geospatial intelligence in these rapidly changing, heterogeneous developments. This paper introduces the concept of Servicification into geospatial data processing. Its core idea is the provision of expertise through a flexible number of web-based software service modules. Selection and linkage of these services to user profiles, application tasks, data resources, or additional software allow for the compilation of flexible, time-sensitive geospatial data handling processes. Encapsulated in a string of discrete services, the approach presented here aims to provide non-specialist users with geospatial expertise required for the effective, professional solution of a defined application problem. Providing users with geospatial intelligence in the form of web-based, modular services, is a completely different approach to geospatial data processing. This novel concept puts geospatial intelligence, made available through services encapsulating rule bases and algorithms, in the centre and at the disposal of the users, regardless of their expertise. KW - Servicification KW - Geospatial intelligence KW - Spatial data handling systems Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-95168-3 SN - 978-3-319-95167-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95168-3_23 SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 VL - 10962 SP - 339 EP - 350 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reimann, Max A1 - Klingbeil, Mandy A1 - Pasewaldt, Sebastian A1 - Semmo, Amir A1 - Trapp, Matthias A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich ED - Sourin, A Sourina T1 - MaeSTrO: A Mobile App for Style Transfer Orchestration using Neural Networks T2 - International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW) N2 - Mobile expressive rendering gained increasing popularity among users seeking casual creativity by image stylization and supports the development of mobile artists as a new user group. In particular, neural style transfer has advanced as a core technology to emulate characteristics of manifold artistic styles. However, when it comes to creative expression, the technology still faces inherent limitations in providing low-level controls for localized image stylization. This work enhances state-of-the-art neural style transfer techniques by a generalized user interface with interactive tools to facilitate a creative and localized editing process. Thereby, we first propose a problem characterization representing trade-offs between visual quality, run-time performance, and user control. We then present MaeSTrO, a mobile app for orchestration of neural style transfer techniques using iterative, multi-style generative and adaptive neural networks that can be locally controlled by on-screen painting metaphors. At this, first user tests indicate different levels of satisfaction for the implemented techniques and interaction design. KW - non-photorealistic rendering KW - style transfer Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-7315-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CW.2018.00016 SP - 9 EP - 16 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER -