TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Miller, Jeff
T1  - Response time models of delta plots with negative-going slopes
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Delta plots (DPs) graphically compare reaction time (RT) quantiles obtained under two experimental conditions. In some research areas (e.g., Simon effects), decreasing delta plots (nDPs) have consistently been found, indicating that the experimental effect is largest at low quantiles and decreases for higher quantiles. nDPs are unusual and intriguing: They imply that RT in the faster condition is more variable, a pattern predicted by few standard RT models. We describe and analyze five classes of well-established latency mechanisms that are consistent with nDPs-exhaustive processing models, correlated stage models, mixture models, cascade models, and parallel channels models-and discuss the implications of our analyses for the interpretation of DPs. DPs generally do not imply any specific processing model; therefore, it is more fruitful to start from a specific quantitative model and to compare the DP it predicts with empirical data.
KW  - Delta plot
KW  - RT models
KW  - Simon effect
KW  - Activation suppression model
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0254-6
SN  - 1069-9384
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
SP  - 555
EP  - 574
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schiefele, Ulrich
A1  - Schaffner, Ellen
A1  - Möller, Jens
A1  - Wigfield, Allan
T1  - Dimensions of reading motivation and their relation to reading behavior and competence
JF  - Reading research quarterly
N2  - This review of research examines the constructs of reading motivation and synthesizes research findings of the past 20 years on the relationship between reading motivation and reading behavior (amount, strategies, and preferences), and the relationship between reading motivation and reading competence (reading skills and comprehension). In addition, evidence relating to the causal role of motivational factors and to the role of reading behavior as a mediator of the effects of motivation on reading competence is examined. We identify seven genuine dimensions of reading motivation: curiosity, involvement, competition, recognition, grades, compliance, and work avoidance. Evidence for these dimensions comes from both quantitative and qualitative research. Moreover, evidence from previous studies confirms the positive contribution of intrinsic reading motivation, and the relatively small or negative contribution of extrinsic reading motivation, to reading behavior and reading competence. The positive contribution of intrinsic motivation is particularly evident in relation to amount of reading for enjoyment and reading competence and holds even when accounting for relevant control variables. However, the causal role of reading motivation and the mediating role of reading behavior remain largely unresolved issues.
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Motivation
KW  - engagement
KW  - To learners in which of the following categories does your work apply
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Early adolescence
KW  - Adolescence
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/RRQ.030
SN  - 0034-0553
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
SP  - 427
EP  - 463
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -