TY  - CHAP
A1  - Lobel, A.
T1  - Modeling DACs in UV lines of massive hot stars
N2  - We apply the 3-dimensional radiative transport codeWind3D to 3D hydrodynamic models of Corotating Interaction Regions to fit the detailed variability of Discrete Absorption Components observed in Si iv UV resonance lines of HD 64760 (B0.5 Ib). We discuss important effects of the hydrodynamic input parameters on these large-scale equatorial wind structures that determine the detailed morphology of the DACs computed with 3D transfer. The best fit model reveals that the CIR in HD 64760 is produced by a source at the base of the wind that lags behind the stellar surface rotation. The non-corotating coherent wind structure is an extended density wave produced by a local increase of only 0.6% in the smooth symmetric wind mass-loss rate.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17856
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Thomas, Kavita E.
T1  - Modelling Correction Signalled by "But" in Dialogue
N2  - Claiming that cross-speaker "but" can signal correction in dialogue, we start by describing the types of corrections "but" can communicate by focusing on the Speech Act (SA) communicated in the previous turn and address the ways in which "but" can correct what is communicated. We address whether "but" corrects the proposition, the direct SA or the discourse relation communicated in the previous turn. We will also briefly address other relations signalled by cross-turn "but". After presenting a typology of the situations "but" can correct, we will address how these corrections can be modelled in the Information State model of dialogue, motivating this work by showing how it can be used to potentially avoid misunderstandings. We wrap up by showing how the model presented here updates beliefs in the Information State representation of the dialogue and can be used to facilitate response deliberation.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10308
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kholtygin, A. F.
T1  - Modelling the induced clumping stochastic line profile variability
N2  - We model the line profile variability (lpv) in spectra of clumped stellar atmospheres using the Stochastic Clump Model (SCM) of the winds of early-type stars. In this model the formation of dense inhomogeneities (clumps) in the line driven winds is considered as being a stochastic process. It is supposed that the emission due to clumps mainly contributes to the intensities of emission lines in the stellar spectra. It is shown that in the framework of the SCM it is possible to reproduce both the mean line profiles and a common pattern of the lpv.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18180
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Davies, B.
A1  - Vink, J. S.
A1  - Oudmaijer, R. D.
T1  - Modelling the polarimetric variability of hot stars
N2  - Many hot stars exhibit stochastic polarimetric variability, thought to arise from clumping low in the wind. Here we investigate the wind properties required to reproduce this variability using analytic models, with particular emphasis on Luminous Blue Variables. We find that the winds must be highly structured, consisting of a large number of optically-thin clumps; while we find that the overall level of polarization should scale with mass-loss rate – consistent with observations of LBVs. The models also predict variability on very short timescales, which is supported by the results of a recent polarimetric monitoring campaign.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17939
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Albrecht, O.
A1  - Cumming, W.
A1  - Kreuder, W.
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Ringsdorf, Helmut
T1  - Monolayers of rod-shaped and disc-shaped liquid crystalline compounds at the air-water interface
N2  - Calamitic (rod-shaped) and discotic (disc-shaped) thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) compounds were spread at the air-water interface, and their ability to form monolayers was studied. The calamitic LCs investigated were found to form monolayers which behave analogously to conventional amphiphiles such as fatty acids. The spreading of the discotic LCs produced monolayers as well, but with a behaviour different from classical amphiphiles. The areas occupied per molecule are too small to allow the contact of all hydrophilic groups with the water surface and the packing of all hydrophobic chains. Various molecular arrangements of the discotics at the water surface to fit the spreading data are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 079 
KW  - Monolayers
KW  - liquid crystals
KW  - discotics
Y1  - 1986
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17124
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weinmann, Franziska
T1  - Mothers of Seafaring
BT  - Henrietta Diamond and the Question of Female Representation in the Jewish Maritime Realm
JF  - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany
JF  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V.
N2  - The article aims to trace the contribution of Jewish women in the Yishuv’s maritime history. Taking the example of Henrietta Diamond, a founding member and chairperson of the Zebulun Seafaring Society, the article seeks to explore the representation and role of women in a growing Jewish maritime domain from the 1930s to the 1950s. It examines Zionist narratives on the ‘New Jew’ and the Jewish body and studies their relevance for the emerging field of maritime activities in the Yishuv. By contextualizing the work and depiction of Henrietta Diamond, the article sheds new light on the gendered notions that underlay the emergence of the Jewish maritime domain and illustrates the patterns of inclusion and exclusion in it.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585563
SN  - 978-3-86956-552-1
SN  - 1614-6492
SN  - 1862-7684
IS  - 28
SP  - 52
EP  - 67
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kubát, Jiří
A1  - Saad, S. M.
T1  - Moving absorption bumps in the spectra of Be stars
N2  - Several Be binaries exhibit an absorption bump moving across the blue wing of hydrogen emission lines towards the line center. This bump is demonstrated for the case of two bright Be stars, κ Dra and 4 Her. It is not clear what is the reason for this travelling bump.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17879
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Lücking, Andy
A1  - Rieser, Hannes
A1  - Staudacher, Marc
T1  - Multi-modal integration for gesture and speech
N2  - Demonstratives, in particular gestures that "only" accompany speech, are not a big issue in current theories of grammar. If we deal with gestures, fixing their function is one big problem, the other one is how to integrate the representations originating from different channels and, ultimately, how to determine their composite meanings. The growing interest in multi-modal settings, computer simulations, human-machine interfaces and VRapplications increases the need for theories ofmultimodal structures and events. In our workshopcontribution we focus on the integration of multimodal contents and investigate different approaches dealing with this problem such as Johnston et al. (1997) and Johnston (1998), Johnston and Bangalore (2000), Chierchia (1995), Asher (2005), and Rieser (2005).
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10393
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Votruba, V.
A1  - Feldmeier, Achim
A1  - Kubát, Jiří
A1  - Rätzel, D.
T1  - Multicomponent stellar wind of hot stars
N2  - We developed a time-dependent multicomponent hydrodynamical code for simulation of the stellar wind from hot stars and applied it to stars with high and low density winds.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17677
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Andreas
T1  - Multiple hierarchies
BT  - new aspects of an old solution
JF  - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632
N2  - In this paper, we present the Multiple Annotation approach, which solves two problems: the problem of annotating overlapping structures, and the problem that occurs when documents should be annotated according to different, possibly heterogeneous tag sets. This approach has many advantages: it is based on XML, the modeling of alternative annotations is possible, each level can be viewed separately, and new levels can be added at any time. The files can be regarded as an interrelated unit, with the text serving as the implicit link. Two representations of the information contained in the multiple files (one in Prolog and one in XML) are described. These representations serve as a base for several applications.
Y1  - 2005
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8657
SN  - 1866-4725
SN  - 1614-4708
IS  - 2
SP  - 55
EP  - 85
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1  - Beck, Michael
A1  - Hildebrandt, Niko
A1  - Schmälzlin, Elmar
A1  - van Dongen, Joost T.
T1  - New challenges in biophotonics : laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring
N2  - Two examples of our biophotonic research utilizing nanoparticles are presented, namely laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring. Results of the work include significantly enhanced sensitivity of a homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay and markedly improved spatial resolution of oxygen gradients in root nodules of a legume species.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 018 
KW  - Sauerstoff
KW  - Quantenpunkt
KW  - Lumineszenz
KW  - Immunoassay
KW  - Energietransfer
KW  - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer
KW  - Nanopartikel
KW  - Lanthanoide
KW  - Optode
KW  - Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer
KW  - Biophotonik
KW  - biophotonics
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - immunoassay
KW  - oxygen
KW  - optode
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10120
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Karttunen, Lauri
T1  - New features in PARC finite state toolkits (Abstract)
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27085
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
T1  - Observational overview of clumping in hot stellar winds
N2  - In the old days (pre ∼1990) hot stellar winds were assumed to be smooth, which made life fairly easy and bothered no one. Then after suspicious behaviour had been revealed, e.g. stochastic temporal variability in broadband polarimetry of single hot stars, it took the emerging CCD technology developed in the preceding decades (∼1970-80’s) to reveal that these winds were far from smooth. It was mainly high-S/N, time-dependent spectroscopy of strong optical recombination emission lines in WR, and also a few OB and other stars with strong hot winds, that indicated all hot stellar winds likely to be pervaded by thousands of multiscale (compressible supersonic turbulent?) structures, whose driver is probably some kind of radiative instability. Quantitative estimates of clumping-independent mass-loss rates came from various fronts, mainly dependent directly on density (e.g. electron-scattering wings of emission lines, UV spectroscopy of weak resonance lines, and binary-star properties including orbital-period changes, electron-scattering, and X-ray fluxes from colliding winds) rather than the more common, easier-to-obtain but clumping-dependent density-squared diagnostics (e.g. free-free emission in the IR/radio and recombination lines, of which the favourite has always been Hα). Many big questions still remain, such as: What do the clumps really look like? Do clumping properties change as one recedes from the mother star? Is clumping universal? Does the relative clumping correction depend on $\dot{M}$ itself?
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17633
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Nielsen, K. E.
T1  - On irregular line profiles in the optical spectrum of Eta Carinae
N2  - The optical spectrum of Eta Carinae (η Car) is prominent in H I, He i and Fe ii wind lines, all of which vary both in absorption and emission with phase. The phase dependance is a consequence of the interaction between the two objects in the η Car binary (η Car A & B). The binary system is enshrouded by ejecta from previous mass ejection events and consequently, η Car B is not directly observable. We have traced the He i lines over η Car’s spectroscopic period, using HST/STIS data obtained with medium spectral, but high angular, resolving power, and created a radial velocity curve for the system. The He I lines are formed in the core of the system, and appear to be a composite of multiple features formed in spatially separated regions. The sources of their irregular line profiles are still not fully understood, but can be attributed to emission/absorption near the wind-wind interface and/or a direct consequence of the η Car A’s, massive, clumpy wind. This paper will discuss the spectral variability, the narrow emission structure of the He i lines and how clumpiness of the winds may impede the construction of the reliable radial velocity curve, necessary for characterizations of especially η Car B.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18227
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Saléschus, Dirk
T1  - On resolving long distance dependencies in Russian verbs
N2  - Morphological analyses based on word syntax approaches can encounter difficulties with long distance dependencies. The reason is that in some cases an affix has to have access to the inner structure of the form with which it combines. One solution is the percolation of features from ther inner morphemes to the outer morphemes with some process of feature unification. However, the obstacle of percolation constraints or stipulated features has lead some linguists to argue in favour of other frameworks such as, e.g., realizational morphology or parallel approaches like optimality theory. This paper proposes a linguistic analysis of two long distance dependencies in the morphology of Russian verbs, namely secondary imperfectivization and deverbal nominalization.We show how these processes can be reanalysed as local dependencies. Although finitestate frameworks are not bound by such linguistically motivated considerations, we present an implementation of our analysis as proposed in [1] that does not complicate the grammar or enlarge the network unproportionally.
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27235
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hillier, D. J.
T1  - On the influence of clumping on O and Wolf-Rayet spectra
N2  - Overwhelming observational and theoretical evidence suggests that the winds of massive stars are highly clumped. We briefly discuss the influence of clumping on model diagnostics and the difficulties of allowing for the influence of clumping on model spectra. Because of its simplicity, and because of computational ease, most spectroscopic analyses incorporate clumping using the volume filling factor. The biases introduced by this approach are uncertain. To investigate alternative clumping models, and to help determine the validity of parameters derived using the volume filling factor method, we discuss results derived using an alternative model in which we assume that the wind is composed of optically thick shells.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17903
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Reich, Oliver
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1  - Schael, Frank
T1  - Optical sensing with photon density waves: investigation of model media
N2  - Investigations with frequency domain photon density waves allow elucidation of absorption and scattering properties of turbid media. The temporal and spatial propagation of intensity modulated light with frequencies up to more than 1 GHz can be described by the P1 approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. In this study, we establish requirements for the appropriate choice of turbid model media and characterize mixtures of isosulfan blue as absorber and polystyrene beads as scatterer. For these model media, the independent determination of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients over large absorber and scatterer concentration ranges is demonstrated with a frequency domain photon density wave spectrometer employing intensity and phase measurements at various modulation frequencies.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 026 
Y1  - 2003
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13147
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fiedler, Ines
A1  - Schwarz, Anne
T1  - Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa
JF  - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632
N2  - This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected non-focal sentence part in African tone languages. Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses. First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration. It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures.
KW  - ex-situ focus
KW  - focus marker
KW  - relative clause
KW  - conjunction
KW  - grammaticalization
Y1  - 2005
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8739
SN  - 1866-4725
SN  - 1614-4708
IS  - 3
SP  - 111
EP  - 142
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schrijvers, Tom
T1  - Overview of the monadic constraint programming framework
N2  - A constraint programming system combines two essential components: a constraint solver and a search engine. The constraint solver reasons about satisfiability of conjunctions of constraints, and the search engine controls the search for solutions by iteratively exploring a disjunctive search tree defined by the constraint program. The Monadic Constraint Programming framework gives a monadic definition of constraint programming where the solver is defined as a monad threaded through the monadic search tree. Search and search strategies can then be defined as firstclass objects that can themselves be built or extended by composable search transformers. Search transformers give a powerful and unifying approach to viewing search in constraint programming, and the resulting constraint programming system is first class and extremely flexible.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41411
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Ming, Yan
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
T1  - Parafoveal Load of Word N+1 Modulates Preprocessing Effectivenessof Word N+2 in Chinese Reading
N2  - Preview benefits (PBs) from two words to the right of the fixated one (i.e., word N+2)and associated parafoveal-on-foveal effects are critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. This experiment examined parafoveal processing during reading of Chinese sentences, using a boundary manipulation of N+2-word preview with low- and high-frequency words N+1. The main findings were (a) an identity PB for word N+2 that was (b) primarily observed when word N+1 was of high frequency (i.e., an interaction between frequency of word N+1 and PB for word N+2), and (c) a parafoveal-on-foveal frequency effect of word N+1 for fixation durations on word N. We discuss implications for theories of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
T2  - Ming Yan; Reinhold Kliegl; Hua Shu; Jinger Pan; Xiaolin Zhou
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 250 
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57103
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Angele, Bernhard
A1  - Slattery, Timothy J.
A1  - Yang, Jinmian
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Rayner, Keith
T1  - Parafoveal processing in reading: Manipulating n+1 and n+2 previews simultaneously
N2  - The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) with a novel preview manipulation was used to examine the extent of parafoveal processing of words to the right of fixation. Words n+1 and n+2 had either correct or incorrect previews prior to fixation (prior to crossing the boundary location). In addition, the manipulation utilized either a high or low frequency word in word n+1 location on the assumption that it would be more likely that n+2 preview effects could be obtained when word n+1 was high frequency. The primary findings were that there was no evidence for a preview benefit for word n+2 and no evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects when word n+1 is at least four letters long. We discuss implications for models of eye-movement control in reading.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 251 
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57128
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1  - Hale, John T.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty
N2  - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers’ eyefixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated, and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 252 
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57159
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1  - Hale, John
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Patil, Umesh
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Parsing costs as predictors of reading difficulty: An evaluation using the Potsdam Sentence Corpus
N2  - The surprisal of a word on a probabilistic grammar constitutes a promising complexity metric for human sentence comprehension difficulty. Using two different grammar types, surprisal is shown to have an effect on fixation durations and regression probabilities in a sample of German readers’ eye movements, the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the effect of surprisal while taking into account unigram and bigram frequency, word length, and empirically-derived word predictability; the so-called “early” and “late” measures of processing difficulty both showed an effect of surprisal. Surprisal is also shown to have a small but statistically non-significant effect on empirically-derived predictability itself. This work thus demonstrates the importance of including parsing costs as a predictor of comprehension difficulty in models of reading, and suggests that a simple identification of syntactic parsing costs with early measures and late measures with durations of post-syntactic events may be difficult to uphold.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 253 
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57139
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Daciuk, Jan
T1  - Perfect hashing tree automata
N2  - We present an algorithm that computes a function that assigns consecutive integers to trees recognized by a deterministic, acyclic, finite-state, bottom-up tree automaton. Such function is called minimal perfect hashing. It can be used to identify trees recognized by the automaton. Its value may be seen as an index in some other data structures. We also present an algorithm for inverted hashing.
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27163
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Betz, Hariolf
A1  - Raiser, Frank
A1  - Frühwirth, Thom
T1  - Persistent constraints in constraint handling rules
N2  - In the most abstract definition of its operational semantics, the declarative and concurrent programming language CHR is trivially non-terminating for a significant class of programs. Common refinements of this definition, in closing the gap to real-world implementations, compromise on declarativity and/or concurrency. Building on recent work and the notion of persistent constraints, we introduce an operational semantics avoiding trivial non-termination without compromising on its essential features.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41547
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Koch, Horst
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Ringsdorf, Helmut
A1  - Teng, Kang
T1  - Photodimerization and photopolymerization of amphiphilic cinnamic acid derivatives in oriented monolayers, vesicles and solution
N2  - Cinnamic acid moieties were incorporated into amphiphilic compounds containing one and two alkyl chains. These lipid-like compounds with photoreactive units undergo self-organization to form monolayers at the gas-water interface and bilayer structures (vesicles) in aqueous solutions. The photoreaction of the cinnamic acid moiety induced by 254 nm UV light was investigated in the crystalline state, in monolayers, in vesicles and in solution in organic solvents. The single-chain amphiphiles undergo dimerization to yield photoproducts with twice the molecular weight of the corresponding monomers in organized systems. The photoreaction of amphiphiles containing two cinnamic acid groups occurs via two mechanisms: The intramolecular dimerization produces bicycles, with retention of the molecular weight of the corresponding monomer. The intermolecular reaction leads to oligomeric and polymeric photoproducts. In contrast to the single-chain amphiphiles, photodimerization processes of lipoids containing two cinnamic acid moieties also occur in solution in organic solvents.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 078 
Y1  - 1986
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17111
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - González, Jorge
A1  - Casacuberta, Francisco
T1  - Phrase-based finite state models
N2  - In the last years, statistical machine translation has already demonstrated its usefulness within a wide variety of translation applications. In this line, phrase-based alignment models have become the reference to follow in order to build competitive systems. Finite state models are always an interesting framework because there are well-known efficient algorithms for their representation and manipulation. This document is a contribution to the evolution of finite state models towards a phrase-based approach. The inference of stochastic transducers that are based on bilingual phrases is carefully analysed from a finite state point of view. Indeed, the algorithmic phenomena that have to be taken into account in order to deal with such phrase-based finite state models when in decoding time are also in-depth detailed.
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27209
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cohen-Hattab, Kobi
T1  - Pioneers of Independent Jewish Shipping
BT  - The Emergence of Private Jewish Shipping Companies in Palestine, 1934 – 1939
JF  - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany
JF  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V.
N2  - The birth of the Yishuv’s national shipping company, ZIM was preceded by private enterprise; the sea had not traditionally been a focus of the Zionist movement. In the 1930s, a five-year span of private commercial shipping saw three companies in the Jewish community in Palestine – Palestine Shipping Company, Palestine Maritime Lloyd, and Atid – before shipping was cut short by the outbreak of the Second World War. Despite their brief lifespans and their negligible contribution to general shipping, these companies constituted an important milestone. Their existence helped shift the Yishuv leadership’s attitudes about shipping’s importance for the community and the need for it to be supported by national institutions.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585542
SN  - 978-3-86956-552-1
SN  - 1614-6492
SN  - 1862-7684
IS  - 28
SP  - 34
EP  - 50
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Busch, Jan Philip
A1  - Meißner, Tobias
A1  - Potthoff, Annegret
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
T1  - Plating of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) on activated carbon : a fast delivery method of iron for source remediation?
N2  - The use of nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) for environmental remediation is a promising new technique for in situ remediation. Due to its high surface area and high reactivity, nZVI is able to dechlorinate organic contaminants and render them harmless. Limited mobility, due to fast aggregation and sedimentation of nZVI, limits the capability for source and plume remediation. Carbo-Iron is a newly developed material consisting of activated carbon particles (d50 = 0,8 µm) that are plated with nZVI particles. These particles combine the mobility of activated carbon and the reactivity of nZVI. This paper presents the first results of the transport experiments.
N2  - Der Einsatz von elementarem Nanoeisen ist eine vielversprechende Technik zur Sanierung von Altlastenschadensfällen. Aufgrund der hohen Oberfläche und der hohen Reaktivität kannn ZVI chlororganische Schadstoffe dechlorieren und zu harmlosen Substanzen umwandeln. Der Einsatz von Nanoeisen zur Quellen- und Fahnensanierung wird jedoch durch mangelnde Mobilität im Boden im eingeschränkt. Carbo-Iron ist ein neu entwickeltes Material, das aus Aktivkohlepartikeln (d50 = 0,8 µm) und nZVI besteht. Diese Partikel kombinieren die Mobilit ät von Aktivkohle mit der Reaktivität von nZVI. Dieser Artikel beschreibt erste Ergebnisse von Transportuntersuchungen.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 165 
KW  - Carbo-Iron
KW  - Nanoeisen
KW  - nZVI
KW  - Grundwassersanierung
KW  - Carbo-Iron
KW  - nano zero-valent iron
KW  - nZVI
KW  - remediation
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53792
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Ringsdorf, H.
T1  - Polymerization of amphiphilic dienes in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers
N2  - Amphiphilic derivatives of octadiene and docosadiene were investigated in monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers, with respect to their self-organization and their polymerization behavior. All amphiphiles investigated form monolayers. However, only acid and alcohol derivatives were able to build up multilayers. Those multilayers are rapidly photopolymerized in the layers via a two-step process: Irradiation with long-wavelength UV light yields soluble polymers, whereas additional irradiation with sfiort-wavelength UV light produces insoluble and presumably cross-linked polymers. The reaction meclianism is discussed according to the polymer characterization by UV spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. All multilayers undergo structural changes during the polymerization; substantial changes result in defects in the polymerized layers as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to the acids and alcohols, the deposition of monolayers of the aldehyde derivatives did not yield well-ordered multilayers, but rather amorphous films. In this different film structure, the photopolymerization process differs from the one observed in multilayers.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 058 
Y1  - 1988
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17176
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Wacker, Alexander
A1  - von Elert, Eric
T1  - Polyunsaturated fatty acids : evidence for non-substitutable biochemical resources in Daphnia galeata
N2  - The factors that determine the efficiency of energy transfer in aquatic food webs have been investigated for many decades. The plant-animal interface is the most variable and least predictable of all levels in the food web. In order to study determinants of food quality in a large lake and to test the recently proposed central importance of the long-chained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the pelagic producer-grazer interface, we tested the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the pelagic producerconsumer interface by correlating sestonic food parameters with somatic growth rates of a clone of Daphnia galeata. Daphnia growth rates were obtained from standardized laboratory experiments spanning one season with Daphnia feeding on natural seston from Lake Constance, a large pre-alpine lake. Somatic growth rates were fitted to sestonic parameters by using a saturation function. A moderate amount of variation was explained when the model included the elemental parameters carbon (r2 = 0.6) and nitrogen (r2 = 0.71). A tighter fit was obtained when sestonic phosphorus was incorporated (r2 = 0.86). The nonlinear regression with EPA was relatively weak (r2 = 0.77), whereas the highest degree of variance was explained by three C18-PUFAs. The best (r2 = 0.95), and only significant, correlation of Daphnia's growth was found with the C18-PUFA α-linolenic acid (α-LA; C18:3n-3). This correlation was weakest in late August when C:P values increased to 300, suggesting that mineral and PUFA-limitation of Daphnia's growth changed seasonally. Sestonic phosphorus and some PUFAs showed not only tight correlations with growth, but also with sestonic α-LA content. We computed Monte Carlo simulations to test whether the observed effects of α-LA on growth could be accounted for by EPA, phosphorus, or one of the two C18-PUFAs, stearidonic acid (C18:4n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6). With >99 % probability, the correlation of growth with α-LA could not be explained by any of these parameters. In order to test for EPA limitation of Daphnia's growth, in parallel with experiments on pure seston, growth was determined on seston supplemented with chemostat-grown, P-limited Stephanodiscus hantzschii, which is rich in EPA. Although supplementation increased the EPA content 80-800x, no significant changes in the nonlinear regression of the growth rates with α-LA were found, indicating that growth of Daphnia on pure seston was not EPA limited. This indicates that the two fatty acids, EPA and α-LA, were not mutually substitutable biochemical resources and points to different physiological functions of these two PUFAs. These results support the PUFA-limitation hypothesis for sestonic C:P < 300 but are contrary to the hypothesis of a general importance of EPA, since no evidence for EPA limitation was found. It is suggested that the resource ratios of EPA and α-LA rather than the absolute concentrations determine which of the two resources is limiting growth.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 063 
KW  - alga
KW  - consumer
KW  - Daphnia
KW  - fatty acid
KW  - food quality
KW  - grazer
KW  - herbivore
KW  - Lake Constance
KW  - European Alps
KW  - PUFA
KW  - seston
Y1  - 2001
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17587
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Seipel, Dietmar
T1  - Practical Applications of Extended Deductive Databases in DATALOG*
N2  - A wide range of additional forward chaining applications could be realized with deductive databases, if their rule formalism, their immediate consequence operator, and their fixpoint iteration process would be more flexible. Deductive databases normally represent knowledge using stratified Datalog programs with default negation. But many practical applications of forward chaining require an extensible set of user–defined built–in predicates. Moreover, they often need function symbols for building complex data structures, and the stratified fixpoint iteration has to be extended by aggregation operations. We present an new language Datalog*, which extends Datalog by stratified meta–predicates (including default negation), function symbols, and user–defined built–in predicates, which are implemented and evaluated top–down in Prolog. All predicates are subject to the same backtracking mechanism. The bottom–up fixpoint iteration can aggregate the derived facts after each iteration based on user–defined Prolog predicates.
KW  - deductive databases
KW  - Prolog
KW  - forward / backward chaining
KW  - bottom–up
KW  - top– down
KW  - built–in predicates
KW  - stratification
KW  - function symbols
KW  - XM
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41457
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Geske, Ulrich
A1  - Wolf, Armin
T1  - Preface
N2  - The workshops on (constraint) logic programming (WLP) are the annual meeting of the Society of Logic Programming (GLP e.V.) and bring together researchers interested in logic programming, constraint programming, and related areas like databases, artificial intelligence and operations research. In this decade, previous workshops took place in Dresden (2008), Würzburg (2007), Vienna (2006), Ulm (2005), Potsdam (2004), Dresden (2002), Kiel (2001), and Würzburg (2000). Contributions to workshops deal with all theoretical, experimental, and application aspects of constraint programming (CP) and logic programming (LP), including foundations of constraint/ logic programming. Some of the special topics are constraint solving and optimization, extensions of functional logic programming, deductive databases, data mining, nonmonotonic reasoning, , interaction of CP/LP with other formalisms like agents, XML, JAVA, program analysis, program transformation, program verification, meta programming, parallelism and concurrency, answer set programming, implementation and software techniques (e.g., types, modularity, design patterns), applications (e.g., in production, environment, education, internet), constraint/logic programming for semantic web systems and applications, reasoning on the semantic web, data modelling for the web, semistructured data, and web query languages.
KW  - Logic Programming
KW  - Constraint Solving
KW  - Logics
KW  - Deduction
KW  - Planing
KW  - Optimization
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41401
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Watanabe, Yuji
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Gardemann, Andreas
A1  - Jungermann, Kurt
T1  - Presinusoidal and proximal intrasinusoidal confluence of hepatic artery and portal vein in rat liver : functional evidence by orthograde and retrograde bivascular perfusion
N2  - The site of confluence of the artery and the portal vein in the liver still appears to be controversial. Anatomical studies suggested a presinusoidal or an intrasinusoidal confluence in the first, second or even final third of the sinusoids. The objective of this investigation was to study the problem with functional biochemical techniques. Rat livers were perfused through the hepatic artery and simultaneously either in the orthograde direction from the portal vein to the hepatic vein or in the retrograde direction from the hepatic vein to the portal vein. Arterial how was linearly dependent on arterial pressure between 70 cm H2O and 120 cm H2O at a constant portal or hepatovenous pressure of 18 cm H2O. An arterial pressure of 100 cm H2O was required for the maintenance of a homogeneous orthograde perfusion of the whole parenchyma and of a physiologic ratio of arterial to portal how of about 1:3. Glucagon was infused either through the artery or the portal vein and hepatic vein, respectively, to a submaximally effective ''calculated'' sinusoidal concentration after mixing of 0.1 nmol/L. During orthograde perfusions, arterial and portal glucagon caused the same increases in glucose output. Yet during retrograde perfusions, hepatovenous glucagon elicited metabolic alterations equal to those in orthograde perfusions, whereas arterial glucagon effected changes strongly reduced to between 10% and 50%. Arterially infused trypan blue was distributed homogeneously in the parenchyma during orthograde perfusions, whereas it reached clearly smaller areas of parenchyma during retrograde perfusions. Finally, arterially applied acridine orange was taken up by all periportal hepatocytes in the proximal half of the acinus during orthograde perfusions but only by a much smaller portion of periportal cells in the proximal third of the acinus during retrograde perfusions. These findings suggest that in rat liver, the hepatic artery and the portal vein mix before and within the first third of the sinusoids, rather than in the middle or even last third.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 067 
KW  - Hepatic artery
KW  - Portal vein
KW  - Confluence
KW  - Rat
KW  - Animal
KW  - Experimental study
KW  - Anatomy
KW  - Biochemical analysis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Perfusion
KW  - Exploration
Y1  - 1994
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16702
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Walter, R.
A1  - Zurita-Heras, J.
A1  - Leyder, J.-C.
T1  - Probing clumpy stellar winds with a neutron star
N2  - INTEGRAL tripled the number of super-giant high-mass X-ray binaries (sgHMXB) known in the Galaxy by revealing absorbed and fast transient (SFXT) systems. Quantitative constraints on the wind clumping of massive stars can be obtained from the study of the hard X-ray variability of SFXT. A large fraction of the hard X-ray emission is emitted in the form of flares with a typical duration of 3 ksec, frequency of 7 days and luminosity of $10^{36}$ erg/s. Such flares are most probably emitted by the interaction of a compact object orbiting at $\sim10~R_*$ with wind clumps ($10^{22 ... 23}$ g) representing a large fraction of the stellar mass-loss rate. The density ratio between the clumps and the inter-clump medium is $10^{2 ... 4}$. The parameters of the clumps and of the inter-clump medium, derived from the SFXT flaring behavior, are in good agreement with macro-clumping scenario and line-driven instability simulations. SFXT are likely to have larger orbital radius than classical sgHMXB.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ragonis, Noa
T1  - Problem-solving strategies must be taught implicitly
JF  - Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID)
N2  - Problem solving is one of the central activities performed by computer scientists as well as by computer science learners. Whereas the teaching of algorithms and programming languages is usually well structured within a curriculum, the development of learners’ problem-solving skills is largely implicit and less structured. Students at all levels often face difficulties in problem analysis and solution construction. The basic assumption of the workshop is that without some formal instruction on effective strategies, even the most inventive learner may resort to unproductive trial-and-error problemsolving processes. Hence, it is important to teach problem-solving strategies and to guide teachers on how to teach their pupils this cognitive tool. Computer science educators should be aware of the difficulties and acquire appropriate pedagogical tools to help their learners gain and experience problem-solving skills.
KW  - Problem solving
KW  - Problem solving strategies
KW  - Teaching problem solving strategies
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64645
SN  - 1868-0844
SN  - 2191-1940
IS  - 6
SP  - 155
EP  - 157
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lindenmaier, Falk
A1  - Zehe, Erwin
A1  - Dittfurth, Angela
A1  - Ihringer, Jürgen
T1  - Process identification at a slow-moving landslide in the Vorarlberg Alps
N2  - A fine-grained slope that exhibits slow movement rates was investigated to understand how geohydrological processes contribute to a consecutive development of mass movements in the Vorarlberg Alps, Austria. For that purpose intensive hydrometeorological, hydrogeological and geotechnical observations as well as surveying of surface movement rates were conducted during 1998–2001. Subsurface water dynamics at the creeping slope turned out to be dominated by a three-dimensional pressure system. The pressure reaction is triggered by fast infiltration of surface water and subsequent lateral water flow in the south-western part of the hillslope. The related pressure signal was shown to propagate further downhill, causing fast reactions of the piezometric head at 5Ð5 m depth on a daily time scale. The observed pressure reactions might belong to a temporary hillslope water body that extends further downhill. The related buoyancy forces could be one of the driving forces for the mass movement. A physically based hydrological model was adopted to model simultaneously surface and subsurface water dynamics including evapotranspiration and runoff production. It was possible to reproduce surface runoff and observed pressure reactions in principle. However, as soil hydraulic functions were only estimated on pedotransfer functions, a quantitative comparison between observed and simulated subsurface dynamics is not feasible. Nevertheless, the results suggest that it is possible to reconstruct important spatial structures based on sparse observations in the field which allow reasonable simulations with a physically based hydrological model. Copyright  2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS rainfall-induced landslides; soil creep; hydrological modelling; Vorarlberg; Austria; pressure propagation
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60226
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oulare, Kabiné
A1  - Randhahn, Solveig
T1  - Quality Assurance in Guinean Higher Education Institutions
BT  - State of Play, Development and Perspectives
JF  - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung
N2  - Higher education institutions in Guinea face many challenges, including reporting responsibilities, globalisation, and massification. Institutional evaluations of higher education and research institutions in 2013 could not initiate the implementation of change processes within the institutions. Recently, however, various initiatives have been started to change this situation with the purpose to sensitise and raise awareness and capabilities for quality assurance structures in Guinean HEIs. So far, the emphasis has been put on quality enhancement in higher education, especially on teaching evaluation, curriculum development, as well as on establishing quality assurance structures. This article gives an overview of the state of play and takes stock of the activities that have been initiated to set up quality assurance mechanisms in higher education and research institutions, and presents perspectives for further development of the quality approach in Guinea. The project ‘Quality Assurance Multiplication 2017-2018’ serves as an example to describe approaches and activities in setting up stable quality assurance structures, and to strengthen and raise awareness for a ‘quality culture’.
KW  - quality assurance in Guinean higher education
KW  - national quality assurance agency in Guinea
KW  - quality assurance structures
KW  - quality evaluation
KW  - quality culture
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493917
SN  - 978-3-86956-496-8
SN  - 2192-1075
SN  - 2192-1083
IS  - 5
SP  - 187
EP  - 204
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Cohen, David H.
A1  - Leutenegger, M. A.
A1  - Townsend, R. H. D.
T1  - Quantitative analysis of resolved X-ray emission line profiles of O stars
N2  - By quantitatively fitting simple emission line profile models that include both atomic opacity and porosity to the Chandra X-ray spectrum of ζ Pup, we are able to explore the trade-offs between reduced mass-loss rates and wind porosity. We find that reducing the mass-loss rate of ζ Pup by roughly a factor of four, to 1.5 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1, enables simple non-porous wind models to provide good fits to the data. If, on the other hand, we take the literature mass-loss rate of 6×10−6 M⊙ yr−1, then to produce X-ray line profiles that fit the data, extreme porosity lengths – of h∞ ≈ 3 R∗ – are required. Moreover, these porous models do not provide better fits to the data than the non-porous, low optical depth models. Additionally, such huge porosity lengths do not seem realistic in light of 2-D numerical simulations of the wind instability.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18115
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hara, Yurie
T1  - Question intonation and lexicalized bias expression
N2  - This paper examines the interaction between different utterance types and the Japanese modal particle darou, and proposes that the decision-theoretic semantics accounts for the interaction among darou, sentence types and intonation.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10323
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kusterer, D.-J.
A1  - Nagel, T.
A1  - Werner, K.
A1  - Feldmeier, Achim
T1  - Radiative transfer in CV disk winds
N2  - Mass accretion onto compact objects through accretion disks is a common phenomenon in the universe. It is seen in all energy domains from active galactic nuclei through cataclysmic variables (CVs) to young stellar objects. Because CVs are fairly easy to observe, they provide an ideal opportunity to study accretion disks in great detail and thus help us to understand accretion also in other energy ranges. Mass accretion in these objects is often accompanied by mass outflow from the disks. This accretion disk wind, at least in CVs, is thought to be radiatively driven, similar to O star winds. WOMPAT, a 3-D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for accretion disk winds of CVs is presented.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17847
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Brass, Stefan
T1  - Range restriction for general formulas
N2  - Deductive databases need general formulas in rule bodies, not only conjuctions of literals. This is well known since the work of Lloyd and Topor about extended logic programming. Of course, formulas must be restricted in such a way that they can be effectively evaluated in finite time, and produce only a finite number of new tuples (in each iteration of the TP-operator: the fixpoint can still be infinite). It is also necessary to respect binding restrictions of built-in predicates: many of these predicates can be executed only when certain arguments are ground. Whereas for standard logic programming rules, questions of safety, allowedness, and range-restriction are relatively easy and well understood, the situation for general formulas is a bit more complicated. We give a syntactic analysis of formulas that guarantees the necessary properties.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41521
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Chené, A.-N.
A1  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
A1  - Crowther, P. A.
T1  - Rapidly accelerating clumps in the winds of the very hot WNE Stars
N2  - We study the time variability of emission lines in three WNE stars : WR 2 (WN2), WR 3 (WN3ha) and WR152 (WN3). While WR 2 shows no variability above the noise level, the other stars do show variation, which are like other WR stars in WR 152 but very fast in WR 3. From these motions, we deduce a value of β ∼1 for WR 3 that is like that seen in O stars and β ∼2–3 for WR 152, that is intermediate between other WR stars and WR 3.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18163
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Olsen, Richard K.
A1  - Davidson, Brian J.
T1  - Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes : comment on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory
N2  - Just and Carpenter (1980) presented a theory of reading based on eye fixations wherein their "psycholinguistic" variables accounted for 72% of the variance in word gaze durations. This comment raises some statistical and theoretical problems with their use of simultaneous regression analysis of gaze duration measures and with the resulting theory of reading. A major problem was the confounding of perceptual with psycholinguistic factors. New eye fixation data are presented to support these criticisms. Analysis of fixations within words revealed that most gaze duration variance was contributed by number of fixations rather than by fixation duration.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 042 
Y1  - 1982
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16857
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Köchy, Martin
A1  - Mathaj, Martin
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Malkinson, Dan
T1  - Resilience of stocking capacity to changing climate in arid to Mediterranean landscapes
N2  - Small livestock is an important resource for rural human populations in dry climates. How strongly will climate change affect the capacity of the rangeland? We used hierarchical modelling to scale quantitatively the growth of shrubs and annual plants, the main food of sheep and goats, to the landscape extent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Without grazing, productivity increased in a sigmoid way with mean annual precipitation. Grazing reduced productivity more strongly the drier the landscape. At a point just under the stocking capacity of the vegetation, productivity declined precipitously with more intense grazing due to a lack of seed production of annuals. We repeated simulations with precipitation patterns projected by two contrasting IPCC scenarios. Compared to results based on historic patterns, productivity and stocking capacity did not differ in most cases. Thus, grazing intensity remains the stronger impact on landscape productivity in this dry region even in the future.
N2  - Kleinvieh ist eine wichtige Lebensgrundlage für die Landbevölkerung in trockenen Regionen. Wie stark wird sich der Klimawandel auf die Tragfähigkeit der Weideflächen auswirken? Wir benutzten hierarchische Modellierung, um das Wachstum von Sträuchern und einjährigen Kräutern, das wichtigste Futter für Ziegen und Schafe, quantitativ auf die Fläche von Landschaften in der östlichen Mittelmeerregion zu dimensionieren. Die Produktivität ohne Beweidung stieg sigmoidal mit dem mittleren Jahresniederschlag. Je trockener die Landschaft, desto stärker verminderte Beweidung die Produktion. An einem Punkt knapp unter der Tragfähigkeit der Vegetation, sank die Produktion stark mit zunehmender Beweidung, weil die Samenproduktion der Kräuter zu gering war. Wir wiederholten die Simulationen mit Niederschlagsverteilungsmustern gemäß zweier gegensätzlicher IPCC-Szenarien. Zukünftige Produktivität und Tragfähigkeit unterschieden sich in den meisten Fällen nicht von Ergebnissen auf Grund von historischer Niederschlagsverteilung. Allerdings war die zukünftige Produktivität in trockenen Habitaten der semiariden und trocken-mediterranen Regionen niedriger. Somit hat auch in Zukunft die Besatzdichte die größere Auswirkung auf die Produktivität dieser trockenen Landschaft als das Klima. "This abstract is provided by the authors, and is for convenience of the users only. The author certifies that the translation faithfully represents the official version in the language of the journal, which is the published Abstract of record and is the only Abstract to be used for reference and citation."
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 066 
KW  - topography
KW  - spatially explicit model
KW  - climate change
KW  - Middle East
KW  - stocking capacity
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18720
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Leutenegger, M. A.
A1  - Cohen, David H.
A1  - Kahn, S. M.
A1  - Owocki, S. P.
A1  - Paerels, F. B. S.
T1  - Resonance scattering in the X-ray emission lines profiles of ζ Puppis
N2  - We present XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer observations of pairs of X-ray emission line profiles from the O star ζ Pup that originate from the same He-like ion. The two profiles in each pair have different shapes and cannot both be consistently fit by models assuming the same wind parameters. We show that the differences in profile shape can be accounted for in a model including the effects of resonance scattering, which affects the resonance line in the pair but not the intercombination line. This implies that resonance scattering is also important in single resonance lines, where its effect is difficult to distinguish from a low effective continuum optical depth in the wind. Thus, resonance scattering may help reconcile X-ray line profile shapes with literature mass-loss rates.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18085
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fullerton, A. W.
A1  - Massa, D. L.
A1  - Prinja, R. K.
T1  - Revised mass-loss rates for O stars from the Pv resonance line
N2  - The P v λλ1118, 1128 resonance doublet is an extraordinarily useful diagnostic of O-star winds, because it bypasses the traditional problems associated with determining mass-loss rates from UV resonance lines. We discuss critically the assumptions and uncertainties involved with using P v to diagnose mass-loss rates, and conclude that the large discrepancies between massloss rates determined from P v and the rates determined from “density squared” emission processes pose a significant challenge to the “standard model” of hot-star winds. The disparate measurements can be reconciled if the winds of O-type stars are strongly clumped on small spatial scales, which in turn implies that mass-loss rates based on Hα or radio emission are too large by up to an order of magnitude.
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17647
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Rossmanith, Eva
A1  - Blaum, Niels
A1  - Keil, Manfred
A1  - Langerwisch, F.
A1  - Meyer, Jork
A1  - Popp, Alexander
A1  - Schmidt, Michael
A1  - Schultz, Christoph
A1  - Schwager, Monika
A1  - Vogel, Melanie
A1  - Wasiolka, Bernd
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Scaling up local population dynamics to regional scales
BT  - an integrated approach
N2  - In semi-arid savannas, unsustainable land use can lead to degradation of entire landscapes, e.g. in the form of shrub encroachment. This leads to habitat loss and is assumed to reduce species diversity. In BIOTA phase 1, we investigated the effects of land use on population dynamics on farm scale. In phase 2 we scale up to consider the whole regional landscape consisting of a diverse mosaic of farms with different historic and present land use intensities. This mosaic creates a heterogeneous, dynamic pattern of structural diversity at a large spatial scale. Understanding how the region-wide dynamic land use pattern affects the abundance of animal and plant species requires the integration of processes on large as well as on small spatial scales. In our multidisciplinary approach, we integrate information from remote sensing, genetic and ecological field studies as well as small scale process models in a dynamic region-wide simulation tool.  <hr>  Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7320
N1  - [Poster]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - DeVault, David
A1  - Stone, Matthew
T1  - Scorekeeping in an uncertain language game
N2  - Received views of utterance context in pragmatic theory characterize the occurrent subjective states of interlocutors using notions like common knowledge or mutual belief. We argue that these views are not compatible with the uncertainty and robustness of context-dependence in human–human dialogue. We present an alternative characterization of utterance context as objective and normative. This view reconciles the need for uncertainty with received intuitions about coordination and meaning in context, and can directly inform computational approaches to dialogue.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10448
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Lücking, Andy
A1  - Rieser, Hannes
A1  - Staudacher, Marc
T1  - SDRT and multi-modal situated communication
N2  - Classical SDRT (Asher and Lascarides, 2003) discussed essential features of dialogue like adjacency pairs or corrections and up-dating. Recent work in SDRT (Asher, 2002, 2005) aims at the description of natural dialogue. We use this work to model situated communication, i.e. dialogue, in which sub-sentential utterances and gestures (pointing and grasping) are used as conventional modes of communication. We show that in addition to cognitive modelling in SDRT, capturing mental states and speech-act related goals, special postulates are needed to extract meaning out of contexts. Gestural meaning anchors Discourse Referents in contextually given domains. Both sorts of meaning are fused with the meaning of fragments to get at fully developed dialogue moves. This task accomplished, the standard SDRT machinery, tagged SDRSs, rhetorical relations, the up-date mechanism, and the Maximize Discourse Coherence constraint generate coherent structures. In sum, meanings from different verbal and non-verbal sources are assembled using extended SDRT to form coherent wholes.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10348
ER  -