TY - JOUR A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Besio, Cristina A1 - Corsi, Giancarlo A1 - von Groddeck, Victoria A1 - Grothe-Hammer, Michael A1 - Tacke, Veronika T1 - Resurrecting organization without renouncing society BT - a response to Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl JF - European management journal N2 - In a recent article in this journal, Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl (2016) suggest a definition of organization as a ‘decided social order’ composed of five elements (membership, rules, hierarchies, monitoring, and sanctions) which rest on decisions. ‘Partial organization’ uses only one or a few of these decidable elements while ‘complete organization’ uses them all. Such decided orders may also occur outside formal organizations, as the authors observe. Although we appreciate the idea of improving our understanding of organization(s) in modern society, we believe that Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl's suggestion jeopardizes the concept of organization by blurring its specific meaning. As the authors already draw on the work of Niklas Luhmann, we propose taking this exploration a step further and the potential of systems theory more seriously. Organizational analysis would then be able to retain a distinctive notion of formal organization on the one hand while benefiting from an encompassing theory of modern society on the other. With this extended conceptual framework, we would expect to gain a deeper understanding of how organizations implement and shape different societal realms as well as mediate between their particular logics, and, not least, how they are related to non-organizational social forms (e.g. families). KW - Partial organization KW - Formal organization KW - Organization theory KW - Niklas KW - Luhmann KW - Functional differentiation KW - Organizations and society Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.01.002 SN - 0263-2373 SN - 1873-5681 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 8 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - How can we become more equal? BT - public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany JF - Journal of European social policy N2 - This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality. KW - work-family policies KW - parental leave KW - childcare KW - working time KW - regulations KW - parenthood KW - working hours KW - gender equality KW - preferences KW - capabilities framework Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035701 SN - 0958-9287 SN - 1461-7269 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies JF - Survey research methods N2 - This paper examines and discusses the biases and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions that are currently being used in many medical, epidemiological, and sociological studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the consistency of answers to retrospective questions provided by respondents who participated in the first two waves of a survey on the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, we illustrate the insights generated by a large body of survey research on the use of retrospective questions and recall accuracy. KW - COVID-19 KW - retrospective questions KW - recall accuracy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7741 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 113 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Konstanz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Sauermann, Armin T1 - Commentary zu: Schaurer, Ines; Weiß, Bernd: Investigating selection bias of online surveys on coronavirus-related behavioral outcomes JF - Survey research methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7751 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 108 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Effects of coordinating support policy changes on renewable power investor choices in Europe JF - Energy policy : the international journal of the political, economic, planning, environmental and social aspects of energy N2 - The economic context for renewable power in Europe is shifting: feed-in tariffs are replaced by auctioned premiums as the main support schemes. As renewables approach competitiveness, political pressure mounts to phase out support, whereas some other actors perceive a need for continued fixed-price support. We investigate how the phase-out of support or the reintroduction of feed-in tariffs would affect investors' choices for renewables through a conjoint analysis. In particular, we analyse the impact of coordination - the simultaneousness - of policy changes across countries and technologies. We find that investment choices are not strongly affected if policy changes are coordinated and returns unaffected. However, if policy changes are uncoordinated, investments shift to still supported - less mature and costlier - technologies or countries where support remains or is reintroduced. This shift is particularly strong for large investors and could potentially skew the European power mix towards an over-reliance on a single, less mature technology or specific generation region, resulting in a more expensive power system. If European countries want to change their renewable power support policies, and especially if they phase out support and expose renewables to market competition, it is important that they coordinate their actions. KW - Policy change KW - Policy coordination KW - Renewable energy KW - Investment KW - decision KW - Choice experiment KW - Adaptive conjoint analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111993 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 148 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Schmidt, Tobias S. A1 - Steffen, Bjarne T1 - Understanding and accounting for the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on global learning rates JF - Nature energy N2 - Learning rates are a central concept in energy system models and integrated assessment models, as they allow researchers to project the future costs of new technologies and to optimize energy system costs. Here we argue that exchange rate fluctuations are an important, but thus far overlooked, determinant of the learning-rate variance observed in the literature. We explore how empirically observed global learning rates depend on where technologies are installed and which currency is used to calculate the learning rate. Using global data of large-scale photovoltaic (>= 5 MW) plants, we show that the currency choice can result in learning-rate differences of up to 16 percentage points. We then introduce an adjustment factor to correct for the effect of exchange rate and market focus fluctuations and discuss the implications of our findings for innovation scholars, energy modellers and decision makers.
Learning rates are a measure of reduction in costs of energy from technologies such as solar photovoltaics. These are often estimated internationally with all monetary figures converted to a single currency, often US dollars. Lilliestam et al. show that such conversions can significantly affect the learning rate estimates. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0531-y SN - 2058-7546 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 78 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Friends or foes? BT - Political synergy or competition between renewable energy and energy efficiency policy JF - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management N2 - Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin-as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them. KW - energy efficiency KW - renewable energy KW - climate policy KW - policy cycle KW - EU KW - policy competition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236339 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Reichard, Christoph ED - Wollmann, Hellmut T1 - Best practice in central government modernization BT - in memoriam Frieder Naschold 1940 - 1999 JF - RIEP : Revista internacional de estudos politicos JF - International journal of political studies Y1 - 2001 SN - 1516-5973 VL - 2001 IS - Special 9 SP - 93 EP - 111 PB - NUSEG CY - Rio de Janeiro ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Röber, Manfred T1 - Verselbständigung, Auslagerung und Privatisierung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-531- 17546-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edeling, Thomas A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Richter, Peter A1 - Brandt, Steven T1 - Kommunale Betriebe in Deutschland : Ergebnisse einer empirischen Analyse der Beteiligungen deutscher Städte der GK1-4 JF - KGSt-Materialien Y1 - 2007 VL - 2/2004 PB - KGSt CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edeling, Thomas A1 - Richter, Peter A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Kommunale Betriebe in größeren Städten : Ergebnisse einer empirischen Analyse der Beteiligungen deutscher Städte über 50.000 Einwohner Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-89404-775-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Personalmanagement in öffentlichen Organisationen Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-89404-776-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Bals, Hansjürgen T1 - Resource-based accounting and output-budgeting as common patterns of public sector financial management reforms Y1 - 2002 SN - 3-7890-7920-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bals, Hansjürgen A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Das neue kommunale Haushalts- und Rechnungswesen Y1 - 2000 SN - 3-409-11580-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stölting, Erhard A1 - Edeling, Thomas A1 - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Privatisierung oder Entbürokratisierung : öffentliche Unternehmen zwischen Privatwirtschaft und öffentlicher Verwaltung Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Wollmann, Hellmut T1 - Thesen zu den künftigen Verwaltungsstrukturen eines gemeinsamen Bundeslandes Berlin-Brandenburg sowie der Metropole Berlin Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröter, Eckhard A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Öffentliche Aufgaben - ein Versuch über ihre Bestimmung, Entwicklung und Wahrnehmung Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8474-0090-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Röber, Manfred T1 - Ausbildung und Fortbildung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-531- 17546-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Personalmanagment Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-531- 17546-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichard, Christoph T1 - Qualifikaton der Ressource Personal Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8474-0090-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Proeller, Isabella A1 - Schedler, Kuno T1 - Verwaltung im Gewährleistungsstaat Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-531- 17546-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.908636 SN - 2624-909X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meer, Frans-Bauke van der A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Ringeling, Arthur T1 - Becoming a Student of Reform JF - Theory and practice of public sector reform Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-315-71414-1 SN - 978-1-317-50011-7 SN - 978-1-317-50012-4 VL - 27 SP - 265 EP - 283 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha T1 - Clubs of autocrats BT - regional organizations and authoritarian survival JF - The review of international organizations N2 - While scholars have argued that membership in Regional Organizations (ROs) can increase the likelihood of democratization, we see many autocratic regimes surviving in power albeit being members of several ROs. This article argues that this is the case because these regimes are often members in "Clubs of Autocrats" that supply material and ideational resources to strengthen domestic survival politics and shield members from external interference during moments of political turmoil. The argument is supported by survival analysis testing the effect of membership in autocratic ROs on regime survival between 1946 to 2010. It finds that membership in ROs composed of more autocratic member states does in fact raise the likelihood of regime survival by protecting incumbents against democratic challenges such as civil unrest or political dissent. However, autocratic RO membership does not help to prevent regime breakdown due to autocratic challenges like military coups, potentially because these types of threats are less likely to diffuse to other member states. The article thereby adds to our understanding of the limits of democratization and potential reverse effects of international cooperation, and contributes to the literature addressing interdependences of international and domestic politics in autocratic regimes. KW - regional organizations KW - authoritarian resilience KW - democratization KW - survival analysis KW - domestic politics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09428-y SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 485 EP - 511 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Pörschke, Alexander T1 - Australian bicameralism as semi-parliamentarism BT - patterns of majority formation in 29 democracies JF - Australian Journal of Political Science N2 - The article analyses the type of bicameralism we find in Australia as a distinct executive-legislative system – a hybrid between parliamentary and presidential government – which we call ‘semi-parliamentary government’. We argue that this hybrid presents an important and underappreciated alternative to pure parliamentary government as well as presidential forms of the power-separation, and that it can achieve a certain balance between competing models or visions of democracy. We specify theoretically how the semi-parliamentary separation of powers contributes to the balancing of democratic visions and propose a conceptual framework for comparing democratic visions. We use this framework to locate the Australian Commonwealth, all Australian states and 22 advanced democratic nation-states on a two-dimensional empirical map of democratic patterns for the period from 1995 to 2015. KW - Executive-legislative relations KW - bicameralism KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - visions of democracy Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2018.1451487 SN - 1036-1146 SN - 1363-030X VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 233 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rockström, Johan A1 - Kotzé, Louis A1 - Milutinović, Svetlana A1 - Biermann, Frank A1 - Brovkin, Victor A1 - Donges, Jonathan A1 - Ebbesson, Jonas A1 - French, Duncan A1 - Gupta, Joyeeta A1 - Kim, Rakhyun A1 - Lenton, Timothy A1 - Lenzi, Dominic A1 - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa A1 - Neumann, Barbara A1 - Schuppert, Fabian A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Bosselmann, Klaus A1 - Folke, Carl A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Schlosberg, David A1 - Richardson, Katherine A1 - Steffen, Will T1 - The planetary commons BT - a new paradigm for safeguarding earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no- analogue tra­jectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons frame­work by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice. KW - anthropocene KW - earth system governance KW - global commons KW - international law KW - planetary boundaries Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301531121 SN - 1091-6490 SN - 1877-2014 VL - 121 IS - 5 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Pörschke, Alexander T1 - Semi-parliamentary government in perspective BT - concepts, values, and designs JF - Australian Journal of Political Science N2 - The article responds to four commentaries on the concept of semi-parliamentary government and its application to Australian bicameralism. It highlights four main points: (1) Our preferred typology is not more ‘normative’ than existing approaches, but applies the criterion of ‘direct election’ equally to executive and legislature; (2) While the evolution of semi-parliamentary government had contingent elements, it plausibly also reflects the ‘equilibrium’ nature of certain institutional configurations; (3) The idea that a pure parliamentary system with pure proportional representation has absolute normative priority over ‘instrumentalist’ concerns about cabinet stability, identifiability and responsibility is questionable; and (4) The reforms we discuss may be unlikely to occur in Australia, but deserve consideration by scholars and institutional reformers in other democratic systems. KW - Executive-legislative relations KW - bicameralism KW - visions of democracy KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2018.1451488 SN - 1036-1146 SN - 1363-030X VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 264 EP - 269 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -