TY - JOUR A1 - Schütt, Christine T1 - Identification of differentially expressed genes JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - With the jABC it is possible to realize workflows for numerous questions in different fields. The goal of this project was to create a workflow for the identification of differentially expressed genes. This is of special interest in biology, for it gives the opportunity to get a better insight in cellular changes due to exogenous stress, diseases and so on. With the knowledge that can be derived from the differentially expressed genes in diseased tissues, it becomes possible to find new targets for treatment. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 127 EP - 139 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Abedjan, Ziawasch T1 - Improving RDF data with data mining T1 - Verbessern von RDF Daten durch Data-Mining N2 - Linked Open Data (LOD) comprises very many and often large public data sets and knowledge bases. Those datasets are mostly presented in the RDF triple structure of subject, predicate, and object, where each triple represents a statement or fact. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of available open data requires significant integration steps before it can be used in applications. Meta information, such as ontological definitions and exact range definitions of predicates, are desirable and ideally provided by an ontology. However in the context of LOD, ontologies are often incomplete or simply not available. Thus, it is useful to automatically generate meta information, such as ontological dependencies, range definitions, and topical classifications. Association rule mining, which was originally applied for sales analysis on transactional databases, is a promising and novel technique to explore such data. We designed an adaptation of this technique for min-ing Rdf data and introduce the concept of “mining configurations”, which allows us to mine RDF data sets in various ways. Different configurations enable us to identify schema and value dependencies that in combination result in interesting use cases. To this end, we present rule-based approaches for auto-completion, data enrichment, ontology improvement, and query relaxation. Auto-completion remedies the problem of inconsistent ontology usage, providing an editing user with a sorted list of commonly used predicates. A combination of different configurations step extends this approach to create completely new facts for a knowledge base. We present two approaches for fact generation, a user-based approach where a user selects the entity to be amended with new facts and a data-driven approach where an algorithm discovers entities that have to be amended with missing facts. As knowledge bases constantly grow and evolve, another approach to improve the usage of RDF data is to improve existing ontologies. Here, we present an association rule based approach to reconcile ontology and data. Interlacing different mining configurations, we infer an algorithm to discover synonymously used predicates. Those predicates can be used to expand query results and to support users during query formulation. We provide a wide range of experiments on real world datasets for each use case. The experiments and evaluations show the added value of association rule mining for the integration and usability of RDF data and confirm the appropriateness of our mining configuration methodology. N2 - Linked Open Data (LOD) umfasst viele und oft sehr große öffentlichen Datensätze und Wissensbanken, die hauptsächlich in der RDF Triplestruktur bestehend aus Subjekt, Prädikat und Objekt vorkommen. Dabei repräsentiert jedes Triple einen Fakt. Unglücklicherweise erfordert die Heterogenität der verfügbaren öffentlichen Daten signifikante Integrationsschritte bevor die Daten in Anwendungen genutzt werden können. Meta-Daten wie ontologische Strukturen und Bereichsdefinitionen von Prädikaten sind zwar wünschenswert und idealerweise durch eine Wissensbank verfügbar. Jedoch sind Wissensbanken im Kontext von LOD oft unvollständig oder einfach nicht verfügbar. Deshalb ist es nützlich automatisch Meta-Informationen, wie ontologische Abhängigkeiten, Bereichs-und Domänendefinitionen und thematische Assoziationen von Ressourcen generieren zu können. Eine neue und vielversprechende Technik um solche Daten zu untersuchen basiert auf das entdecken von Assoziationsregeln, welche ursprünglich für Verkaufsanalysen in transaktionalen Datenbanken angewendet wurde. Wir haben eine Adaptierung dieser Technik auf RDF Daten entworfen und stellen das Konzept der Mining Konfigurationen vor, welches uns befähigt in RDF Daten auf unterschiedlichen Weisen Muster zu erkennen. Verschiedene Konfigurationen erlauben uns Schema- und Wertbeziehungen zu erkennen, die für interessante Anwendungen genutzt werden können. In dem Sinne, stellen wir assoziationsbasierte Verfahren für eine Prädikatvorschlagsverfahren, Datenvervollständigung, Ontologieverbesserung und Anfrageerleichterung vor. Das Vorschlagen von Prädikaten behandelt das Problem der inkonsistenten Verwendung von Ontologien, indem einem Benutzer, der einen neuen Fakt einem Rdf-Datensatz hinzufügen will, eine sortierte Liste von passenden Prädikaten vorgeschlagen wird. Eine Kombinierung von verschiedenen Konfigurationen erweitert dieses Verfahren sodass automatisch komplett neue Fakten für eine Wissensbank generiert werden. Hierbei stellen wir zwei Verfahren vor, einen nutzergesteuertenVerfahren, bei dem ein Nutzer die Entität aussucht die erweitert werden soll und einen datengesteuerten Ansatz, bei dem ein Algorithmus selbst die Entitäten aussucht, die mit fehlenden Fakten erweitert werden. Da Wissensbanken stetig wachsen und sich verändern, ist ein anderer Ansatz um die Verwendung von RDF Daten zu erleichtern die Verbesserung von Ontologien. Hierbei präsentieren wir ein Assoziationsregeln-basiertes Verfahren, der Daten und zugrundeliegende Ontologien zusammenführt. Durch die Verflechtung von unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen leiten wir einen neuen Algorithmus her, der gleichbedeutende Prädikate entdeckt. Diese Prädikate können benutzt werden um Ergebnisse einer Anfrage zu erweitern oder einen Nutzer während einer Anfrage zu unterstützen. Für jeden unserer vorgestellten Anwendungen präsentieren wir eine große Auswahl an Experimenten auf Realweltdatensätzen. Die Experimente und Evaluierungen zeigen den Mehrwert von Assoziationsregeln-Generierung für die Integration und Nutzbarkeit von RDF Daten und bestätigen die Angemessenheit unserer konfigurationsbasierten Methodologie um solche Regeln herzuleiten. KW - Assoziationsregeln KW - RDF KW - LOD KW - Mustererkennung KW - Synonyme KW - association rule mining KW - RDF KW - LOD KW - knowledge discovery KW - synonym discovery Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71334 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schacht, Alexander T1 - Konzepte und Strategien mobiler Plattformen zur Erfassung und Anlayse von Vitalparametern in heterogenen Telemonotoring-Systemen Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Lessons Learned JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter summarizes the experience and the lessons we learned concerning the application of the jABC as a framework for design and execution of scientific workflows. It reports experiences from the domain modeling (especially service integration) and workflow design phases and evaluates the resulting models statistically with respect to the SIB library and hierarchy levels. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheele, Lasse T1 - Location analysis for placing artificial reefs JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - Location analyses are among the most common tasks while working with spatial data and geographic information systems. Automating the most frequently used procedures is therefore an important aspect of improving their usability. In this context, this project aims to design and implement a workflow, providing some basic tools for a location analysis. For the implementation with jABC, the workflow was applied to the problem of finding a suitable location for placing an artificial reef. For this analysis three parameters (bathymetry, slope and grain size of the ground material) were taken into account, processed, and visualized with the The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which were integrated into the workflow as jETI-SIBs. The implemented workflow thereby showed that the approach to combine jABC with GMT resulted in an user-centric yet user-friendly tool with high-quality cartographic outputs. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 216 EP - 228 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ehrig, Hartmut A1 - Golas, Ulrike A1 - Habel, Annegret A1 - Lambers, Leen A1 - Orejas, Fernando T1 - M-adhesive transformation systems with nested application conditions BT - Part 1: parallelism, concurrency and amalgamation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Digital Engineering Reihe N2 - Nested application conditions generalise the well-known negative application conditions and are important for several application domains. In this paper, we present Local Church-Rosser, Parallelism, Concurrency and Amalgamation Theorems for rules with nested application conditions in the framework of M-adhesive categories, where M-adhesive categories are slightly more general than weak adhesive high-level replacement categories. Most of the proofs are based on the corresponding statements for rules without application conditions and two shift lemmas stating that nested application conditions can be shifted over morphisms and rules. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät - 1 KW - level-replacement systems KW - graph-transformations KW - distributed systems KW - synchronization KW - confluence KW - categories KW - programs KW - grammars KW - model Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415651 IS - 001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana A1 - Steffen, Bernhard ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Modeling and Execution of Scientific Workflows with the jABC Framework JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - We summarize here the main characteristics and features of the jABC framework, used in the case studies as a graphical tool for modeling scientific processes and workflows. As a comprehensive environment for service-oriented modeling and design according to the XMDD (eXtreme Model-Driven Design) paradigm, the jABC offers much more than the pure modeling capability. Associated technologies and plugins provide in fact means for a rich variety of supporting functionality, such as remote service integration, taxonomical service classification, model execution, model verification, model synthesis, and model compilation. We describe here in short both the essential jABC features and the service integration philosophy followed in the environment. In our work over the last years we have seen that this kind of service definition and provisioning platform has the potential to become a core technology in interdisciplinary service orchestration and technology transfer: Domain experts, like scientists not specially trained in computer science, directly define complex service orchestrations as process models and use efficient and complex domain-specific tools in a simple and intuitive way. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 14 EP - 29 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Willems, Christian T1 - openHPI : 哈索•普拉特纳研究院的 MOOC（大规模公开在线课）计划 T1 - openHPI : the MOOC offer at Hasso Plattner Institute N2 - 摘要。哈索•普拉特纳研究院 (HPI) 的新型互动在线教育平台 openHPI (https://openHPI.de) 可以为从事信息技术和信息学领域内容的工作和感兴趣的学员提供可自由访问的、免费的在线课程。与斯坦福大学于 2011 年首推，之后也在美国其他精英大学提供的“网络公开群众课”（简称 MOOC）一样，openHPI 同样在互联网中提供学习视频和阅读材料，其中综合了支持学习的自我测试、家庭作业和社交讨论论坛，并刺激对促进学习的虚拟学习团队的培训。与“传统的”讲座平台，比如 tele-TASK 平台 (http://www.tele-task.de) 不同（在该平台中，可调用以多媒体方式记录的和已准备好的讲座），openHPI 提供的是按教学法准备的在线课程。这些课程的开始时间固定，之后在连续六个课程周稳定的提供以多媒体方式准备的、尽可能可以互动的学习材料。每周讲解课程主题的一章。为此在该周开始前会准备一系列学习视频、文字、自我测试和家庭作业材料，课程学员在该周将精力用于处理这些内容。这些计划与一个社交讨论平台相结合，学员在该平台上可以与课程导师和其他学员交换意见、解答问题和讨论更多主题。当然，学员可以自己决定学习活动的类型和范围。他们可以为课程作出自己的贡献，比如在论坛中引用博文或推文。之后其他学员可以评论、讨论或自己扩展这些博文或推文。这样学员、教师和提供的学习内容就在一个虚拟的团体中与社交学习网络相互结合起来。 N2 - Abstract. The new interactive online educational platform openHPI, (https://openHPI.de) from Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI), offers freely accessible courses at no charge for all who are interested in subjects in the field of information technology and computer science. Since 2011, “Massive Open Online Courses,” called MOOCs for short, have been offered, first at Stanford University and then later at other U.S. elite universities. Following suit, openHPI provides instructional videos on the Internet and further reading material, combined with learning-supportive self-tests, homework and a social discussion forum. Education is further stimulated by the support of a virtual learning community. In contrast to “traditional” lecture platforms, such as the tele-TASK portal (http://www.tele-task.de) where multimedia recorded lectures are available on demand, openHPI offers didactic online courses. The courses have a fixed start date and offer a balanced schedule of six consecutive weeks presented in multimedia and, whenever possible, interactive learning material. Each week, one chapter of the course subject is treated. In addition, a series of learning videos, texts, self-tests and homework exercises are provided to course participants at the beginning of the week. The course offering is combined with a social discussion platform where participants have the opportunity to enter into an exchange with course instructors and fellow participants. Here, for example, they can get answers to questions and discuss the topics in depth. The participants naturally decide themselves about the type and range of their learning activities. They can make personal contributions to the course, for example, in blog posts or tweets, which they can refer to in the forum. In turn, other participants have the chance to comment on, discuss or expand on what has been said. In this way, the learners become the teachers and the subject matter offered to a virtual community is linked to a social learning network. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 89 KW - Online-Lernen KW - E-Learning KW - MOOCs KW - Onlinekurs KW - openHPI KW - tele-TASK KW - Tele-Lab KW - Tele-Teaching KW - online-learning KW - e-learning KW - MOOCs KW - online course KW - openHPI KW - tele-TASK KW - tele-lab KW - tele-teaching Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70380 SN - 978-3-86956-291-9 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 89 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Ahmad, Nadeem T1 - People centered HMI’s for deaf and functionally illiterate users T1 - Menschen zentrierte Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen für Schwerhörige und ungeschulte Anwender N2 - The objective and motivation behind this research is to provide applications with easy-to-use interfaces to communities of deaf and functionally illiterate users, which enables them to work without any human assistance. Although recent years have witnessed technological advancements, the availability of technology does not ensure accessibility to information and communication technologies (ICT). Extensive use of text from menus to document contents means that deaf or functionally illiterate can not access services implemented on most computer software. Consequently, most existing computer applications pose an accessibility barrier to those who are unable to read fluently. Online technologies intended for such groups should be developed in continuous partnership with primary users and include a thorough investigation into their limitations, requirements and usability barriers. In this research, I investigated existing tools in voice, web and other multimedia technologies to identify learning gaps and explored ways to enhance the information literacy for deaf and functionally illiterate users. I worked on the development of user-centered interfaces to increase the capabilities of deaf and low literacy users by enhancing lexical resources and by evaluating several multimedia interfaces for them. The interface of the platform-independent Italian Sign Language (LIS) Dictionary has been developed to enhance the lexical resources for deaf users. The Sign Language Dictionary accepts Italian lemmas as input and provides their representation in the Italian Sign Language as output. The Sign Language dictionary has 3082 signs as set of Avatar animations in which each sign is linked to a corresponding Italian lemma. I integrated the LIS lexical resources with MultiWordNet (MWN) database to form the first LIS MultiWordNet(LMWN). LMWN contains information about lexical relations between words, semantic relations between lexical concepts (synsets), correspondences between Italian and sign language lexical concepts and semantic fields (domains). The approach enhances the deaf users’ understanding of written Italian language and shows that a relatively small set of lexicon can cover a significant portion of MWN. Integration of LIS signs with MWN made it useful tool for computational linguistics and natural language processing. The rule-based translation process from written Italian text to LIS has been transformed into service-oriented system. The translation process is composed of various modules including parser, semantic interpreter, generator, and spatial allocation planner. This translation procedure has been implemented in the Java Application Building Center (jABC), which is a framework for extreme model driven design (XMDD). The XMDD approach focuses on bringing software development closer to conceptual design, so that the functionality of a software solution could be understood by someone who is unfamiliar with programming concepts. The transformation addresses the heterogeneity challenge and enhances the re-usability of the system. For enhancing the e-participation of functionally illiterate users, two detailed studies were conducted in the Republic of Rwanda. In the first study, the traditional (textual) interface was compared with the virtual character-based interactive interface. The study helped to identify usability barriers and users evaluated these interfaces according to three fundamental areas of usability, i.e. effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. In another study, we developed four different interfaces to analyze the usability and effects of online assistance (consistent help) for functionally illiterate users and compared different help modes including textual, vocal and virtual character on the performance of semi-literate users. In our newly designed interfaces the instructions were automatically translated in Swahili language. All the interfaces were evaluated on the basis of task accomplishment, time consumption, System Usability Scale (SUS) rating and number of times the help was acquired. The results show that the performance of semi-literate users improved significantly when using the online assistance. The dissertation thus introduces a new development approach in which virtual characters are used as additional support for barely literate or naturally challenged users. Such components enhanced the application utility by offering a variety of services like translating contents in local language, providing additional vocal information, and performing automatic translation from text to sign language. Obviously, there is no such thing as one design solution that fits for all in the underlying domain. Context sensitivity, literacy and mental abilities are key factors on which I concentrated and the results emphasize that computer interfaces must be based on a thoughtful definition of target groups, purposes and objectives. N2 - Das Ziel und die Motivation hinter dieser Forschungsarbeit ist es, Anwendungen mit benutzerfreundlichen Schnittstellen für Gehörlose und Analphabeten bereitzustellen, welche es ihnen ermöglichen ohne jede menschliche Unterstützung zu arbeiten. Obwohl es in den letzten Jahren technologische Fortschritte gab, garantiert allein die Verfügbarkeit von Technik nicht automatisch die Zugänglichkeit zu Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Umfangreiche Verwendung von Texten in Menüs bis hin zu Dokumenten führen dazu, dass Gehörlose und funktionale Analphabeten auf diese Dienste, die auf Computersystemen existieren, nicht zugreifen können. Folglich stellen die meisten bestehenden EDV-Anwendungen für diejenigen eine Hürde dar, die nicht fließend lesen können. Onlinetechnologien für solche Art von Gruppen sollten in kontinuierlichem Austausch mit den Hauptnutzern entwickelt werden und gründliche Untersuchung ihrer Einschränkungen, Anforderungen und Nutzungsbarrieren beinhalten. In dieser Forschungsarbeit untersuche ich vorhandene Tools im Bereich von Sprach-, Web- und anderen Multimedia-Technologien, um Lernlücken zu identifizieren und Wege zu erforschen, welche die Informationsalphabetisierung für Gehörlose und Analphabeten erweitert. Ich arbeitete an der Entwicklung einer nutzerzentrierten Schnittstelle, um die Fähigkeiten von Gehörlosen und Nutzern mit schlechter Alphabetisierung durch Verbesserung der lexikalischen Ressourcen und durch Auswertung mehrerer Multimediaschnittstellen zu erhöhen. Die Schnittstelle des plattformunabhängigen, italienischen Gebärdensprachen (LIS) Wörterbuches wurde entwickelt, um die lexikalischen Quellen für gehörlose Anwender zu verbessern. Ich integriere die LIS-lexikalischen Ressourcen mit der MultiWordNet (MWN)-Datenbank, um das erste LIS MultiWordNet (LMWN) zu bilden. LMWN enthält Informationen über lexikalische Beziehungen zwischen Wörtern, semantische Beziehungen zwischen lexikalischen Konzepten (Synsets), Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen italienischer und Gebärdensprache-lexikalischen Konzepten und semantischen Feldern (Domänen). Der Ansatz erhöht das Verständnis der tauben Nutzer geschriebene, italienischen Sprache zu verstehen und zeigt, dass ein relativ kleiner Satz an Lexika den wesentlichen Teil der MWN abdecken kann. Die Integration von LIS-Zeichen mit MWN machte es zu einem nützlichen Werkzeug für Linguistik und Sprachverarbeitung. Der regelbasierte Übersetzungsprozess von geschriebenem, italienischem Text zu LIS wurde in ein Service-orientiertes System überführt. Der Übersetzungsprozess besteht aus verschiedenen Modulen, einschließlich einem Parser, einem semantischen Interpreter, einem Generator und einem räumlichen Zuordnungs-Planer. Diese Übersetzungsprozedur wurde im Java Application Building Center (jABC) implementiert, welches ein Framework für das eXtrem Model Driven Design (XMDD) ist. Der XMDD-Ansatz konzentriert sich darauf die Softwareentwicklung näher zum konzeptionellen Design zu bringen, sodass die Funktionalität einer Softwarelösung von jemandem verstanden werden kann, der mit Programmierkonzepten unvertraut ist. Die Transformation richtet sich an die heterogene Herausforderung und verbessert die Wiederverwendbarkeit des Systems. Zur Verbesserung der E-Partizipation der funktionalen Analphabeten wurden zwei detaillierte Studien in der Republik Ruanda durchgeführt. In der ersten Studie wurde die traditionelle, textuelle Schnittstelle mit der virtuellen, charakterbasierten, interaktiven Schnittstelle verglichen. Diese Studie hat dazu beigetragen Barrieren der Benutzerfreundlichkeit zu identifizieren. Anwender evaluierten die Schnittstellen bezüglich drei grundlegender Bereiche der Benutzerfreundlichkeit: Effektivität, Effizienz und Zufriedenstellung bei der Problemlösung. In einer anderen Studie entwickelten wir vier verschiedene Schnittstellen, um die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und die Effekte der Online-Hilfe (konsequente Hilfe) für funktionale Analphabeten zu analysieren und verglichen verschiedene Hilfsmodi (einschließlich zusätzlicher Textinformationen, Audio-Unterstützung und mit Hilfe eines virtuellen Charakters) bezüglich der Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit von teilweisen Analphabeten, um ihre Zielstellung zu erreichen. In unseren neu gestalteten Schnittstellen wurden Anweisungen automatisch in die Swahili Sprache übersetzt. Alle Schnittstellen wurden auf der Grundlage der Aufgabenbewältigung, des Zeitaufwands, der System Usability Scale (SUS) Rate und der Anzahl der Hilfegesuche bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Leistungsfähigkeit der teilweisen Analphabeten bei Nutzung der Online-Hilfe signifikant verbessert wurde. Diese Dissertation stellt somit einen neuen Entwicklungsansatz dar, bei welchem virtuelle Charaktere als zusätzliche Unterstützung genutzt werden, um Nutzer, die kaum lesen können oder sonstig eingeschränkt sind, zu unterstützen. Solche Komponenten erweitern die Anwendungsnutzbarkeit indem sie eine Vielzahl von Diensten wie das Übersetzen von Inhalten in eine Landessprache, das Bereitstellen von zusätzlichen akustisch, gesprochenen Informationen und die Durchführung einer automatischen Übersetzung von Text in Gebärdensprache bereitstellen. Offensichtlich gibt ist keine One Design-Lösung, die für alle zugrundeliegenden Domänen passt. Kontextsensitivität, Alphabetisierung und geistigen Fähigkeiten sind Schlüsselfaktoren, auf welche ich mich konzentriere. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass Computerschnittstellen auf einer exakten Definition der Zielgruppen, dem Zweck und den Zielen basieren müssen. KW - Mensch-Computer-Interaktion KW - assistive Technologien KW - HCI KW - user interfaces KW - sign language KW - online assistance KW - assistive technologies Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70391 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rogge-Solti, Andreas T1 - Probabilistic Estimation of Unobserved Process Events T1 - Probabilistische Abschätzung Unbeobachteter Prozessereignisse N2 - Organizations try to gain competitive advantages, and to increase customer satisfaction. To ensure the quality and efficiency of their business processes, they perform business process management. An important part of process management that happens on the daily operational level is process controlling. A prerequisite of controlling is process monitoring, i.e., keeping track of the performed activities in running process instances. Only by process monitoring can business analysts detect delays and react to deviations from the expected or guaranteed performance of a process instance. To enable monitoring, process events need to be collected from the process environment. When a business process is orchestrated by a process execution engine, monitoring is available for all orchestrated process activities. Many business processes, however, do not lend themselves to automatic orchestration, e.g., because of required freedom of action. This situation is often encountered in hospitals, where most business processes are manually enacted. Hence, in practice it is often inefficient or infeasible to document and monitor every process activity. Additionally, manual process execution and documentation is prone to errors, e.g., documentation of activities can be forgotten. Thus, organizations face the challenge of process events that occur, but are not observed by the monitoring environment. These unobserved process events can serve as basis for operational process decisions, even without exact knowledge of when they happened or when they will happen. An exemplary decision is whether to invest more resources to manage timely completion of a case, anticipating that the process end event will occur too late. This thesis offers means to reason about unobserved process events in a probabilistic way. We address decisive questions of process managers (e.g., "when will the case be finished?", or "when did we perform the activity that we forgot to document?") in this thesis. As main contribution, we introduce an advanced probabilistic model to business process management that is based on a stochastic variant of Petri nets. We present a holistic approach to use the model effectively along the business process lifecycle. Therefore, we provide techniques to discover such models from historical observations, to predict the termination time of processes, and to ensure quality by missing data management. We propose mechanisms to optimize configuration for monitoring and prediction, i.e., to offer guidance in selecting important activities to monitor. An implementation is provided as a proof of concept. For evaluation, we compare the accuracy of the approach with that of state-of-the-art approaches using real process data of a hospital. Additionally, we show its more general applicability in other domains by applying the approach on process data from logistics and finance. N2 - Unternehmen versuchen Wettbewerbsvorteile zu gewinnen und die Kundenzufriedenheit zu erhöhen. Um die Qualität und die Effizienz ihrer Prozesse zu gewährleisten, wenden Unternehmen Geschäftsprozessmanagement an. Hierbei spielt die Prozesskontrolle im täglichen Betrieb eine wichtige Rolle. Prozesskontrolle wird durch Prozessmonitoring ermöglicht, d.h. durch die Überwachung des Prozessfortschritts laufender Prozessinstanzen. So können Verzögerungen entdeckt und es kann entsprechend reagiert werden, um Prozesse wie erwartet und termingerecht beenden zu können. Um Prozessmonitoring zu ermöglichen, müssen prozessrelevante Ereignisse aus der Prozessumgebung gesammelt und ausgewertet werden. Sofern eine Prozessausführungsengine die Orchestrierung von Geschäftsprozessen übernimmt, kann jede Prozessaktivität überwacht werden. Aber viele Geschäftsprozesse eignen sich nicht für automatisierte Orchestrierung, da sie z.B. besonders viel Handlungsfreiheit erfordern. Dies ist in Krankenhäusern der Fall, in denen Geschäftsprozesse oft manuell durchgeführt werden. Daher ist es meist umständlich oder unmöglich, jeden Prozessfortschritt zu erfassen. Zudem ist händische Prozessausführung und -dokumentation fehleranfällig, so wird z.B. manchmal vergessen zu dokumentieren. Eine Herausforderung für Unternehmen ist, dass manche Prozessereignisse nicht im Prozessmonitoring erfasst werden. Solch unbeobachtete Prozessereignisse können jedoch als Entscheidungsgrundlage dienen, selbst wenn kein exaktes Wissen über den Zeitpunkt ihres Auftretens vorliegt. Zum Beispiel ist bei der Prozesskontrolle zu entscheiden, ob zusätzliche Ressourcen eingesetzt werden sollen, wenn eine Verspätung angenommen wird. Diese Arbeit stellt einen probabilistischen Ansatz für den Umgang mit unbeobachteten Prozessereignissen vor. Dabei werden entscheidende Fragen von Prozessmanagern beantwortet (z.B. "Wann werden wir den Fall beenden?", oder "Wann wurde die Aktivität ausgeführt, die nicht dokumentiert wurde?"). Der Hauptbeitrag der Arbeit ist die Einführung eines erweiterten probabilistischen Modells ins Geschäftsprozessmanagement, das auf stochastischen Petri Netzen basiert. Dabei wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Unterstützung der einzelnen Phasen des Geschäftsprozesslebenszyklus verfolgt. Es werden Techniken zum Lernen des probabilistischen Modells, zum Vorhersagen des Zeitpunkts des Prozessendes, zum Qualitätsmanagement von Dokumentationen durch Erkennung fehlender Einträge, und zur Optimierung von Monitoringkonfigurationen bereitgestellt. Letztere dient zur Auswahl von relevanten Stellen im Prozess, die beobachtet werden sollten. Diese Techniken wurden in einer quelloffenen prototypischen Anwendung implementiert. Zur Evaluierung wird der Ansatz mit existierenden Alternativen an echten Prozessdaten eines Krankenhauses gemessen. Die generelle Anwendbarkeit in weiteren Domänen wird examplarisch an Prozessdaten aus der Logistik und dem Finanzwesen gezeigt. KW - Geschäftsprozessmanagement KW - stochastische Petri Netze KW - Bayessche Netze KW - Probabilistische Modelle KW - Vorhersage KW - Fehlende Daten KW - Process Mining KW - business process management KW - stochastic Petri nets KW - Bayesian networks KW - probabilistic models KW - prediction KW - missing data KW - process mining Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70426 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Plattner, Hasso A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich A1 - Weske, Mathias A1 - Polze, Andreas A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert A1 - Naumann, Felix A1 - Giese, Holger A1 - Baudisch, Patrick T1 - Proceedings of the 7th Ph.D. Retreat of the HPI Research School on Service-oriented Systems Engineering N2 - Design and Implementation of service-oriented architectures imposes a huge number of research questions from the fields of software engineering, system analysis and modeling, adaptability, and application integration. Component orientation and web services are two approaches for design and realization of complex web-based system. Both approaches allow for dynamic application adaptation as well as integration of enterprise application. Commonly used technologies, such as J2EE and .NET, form de facto standards for the realization of complex distributed systems. Evolution of component systems has lead to web services and service-based architectures. This has been manifested in a multitude of industry standards and initiatives such as XML, WSDL UDDI, SOAP, etc. All these achievements lead to a new and promising paradigm in IT systems engineering which proposes to design complex software solutions as collaboration of contractually defined software services. Service-Oriented Systems Engineering represents a symbiosis of best practices in object-orientation, component-based development, distributed computing, and business process management. It provides integration of business and IT concerns. The annual Ph.D. Retreat of the Research School provides each member the opportunity to present his/her current state of their research and to give an outline of a prospective Ph.D. thesis. Due to the interdisciplinary structure of the Research Scholl, this technical report covers a wide range of research topics. These include but are not limited to: Self-Adaptive Service-Oriented Systems, Operating System Support for Service-Oriented Systems, Architecture and Modeling of Service-Oriented Systems, Adaptive Process Management, Services Composition and Workflow Planning, Security Engineering of Service-Based IT Systems, Quantitative Analysis and Optimization of Service-Oriented Systems, Service-Oriented Systems in 3D Computer Graphics sowie Service-Oriented Geoinformatics. N2 - Der Entwurf und die Realisierung dienstbasierender Architekturen wirft eine Vielzahl von Forschungsfragestellungen aus den Gebieten der Softwaretechnik, der Systemmodellierung und -analyse, sowie der Adaptierbarkeit und Integration von Applikationen auf. Komponentenorientierung und WebServices sind zwei Ansätze für den effizienten Entwurf und die Realisierung komplexer Web-basierender Systeme. Sie ermöglichen die Reaktion auf wechselnde Anforderungen ebenso, wie die Integration großer komplexer Softwaresysteme. Heute übliche Technologien, wie J2EE und .NET, sind de facto Standards für die Entwicklung großer verteilter Systeme. Die Evolution solcher Komponentensysteme führt über WebServices zu dienstbasierenden Architekturen. Dies manifestiert sich in einer Vielzahl von Industriestandards und Initiativen wie XML, WSDL, UDDI, SOAP. All diese Schritte führen letztlich zu einem neuen, vielversprechenden Paradigma für IT Systeme, nach dem komplexe Softwarelösungen durch die Integration vertraglich vereinbarter Software-Dienste aufgebaut werden sollen. "Service-Oriented Systems Engineering" repräsentiert die Symbiose bewährter Praktiken aus den Gebieten der Objektorientierung, der Komponentenprogrammierung, des verteilten Rechnen sowie der Geschäftsprozesse und berücksichtigt auch die Integration von Geschäftsanliegen und Informationstechnologien. Die Klausurtagung des Forschungskollegs "Service-oriented Systems Engineering" findet einmal jährlich statt und bietet allen Kollegiaten die Möglichkeit den Stand ihrer aktuellen Forschung darzulegen. Bedingt durch die Querschnittstruktur des Kollegs deckt dieser Bericht ein große Bandbreite aktueller Forschungsthemen ab. Dazu zählen unter anderem Self-Adaptive Service-Oriented Systems, Operating System Support for Service-Oriented Systems, Architecture and Modeling of Service-Oriented Systems, Adaptive Process Management, Services Composition and Workflow Planning, Security Engineering of Service-Based IT Systems, Quantitative Analysis and Optimization of Service-Oriented Systems, Service-Oriented Systems in 3D Computer Graphics sowie Service-Oriented Geoinformatics. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 83 KW - Hasso-Plattner-Institut KW - Forschungskolleg KW - Klausurtagung KW - Service-oriented Systems Engineering KW - Hasso Plattner Institute KW - Research School KW - Ph.D. Retreat KW - Service-oriented Systems Engineering Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63490 SN - 978-3-86956-273-5 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tizian T1 - Process design for natural scientists BT - an agile model-driven approach T3 - Communications in computer and information science ; 500 N2 - This book presents an agile and model-driven approach to manage scientific workflows. The approach is based on the Extreme Model Driven Design (XMDD) paradigm and aims at simplifying and automating the complex data analysis processes carried out by scientists in their day-to-day work. Besides documenting the impact the workflow modeling might have on the work of natural scientists, this book serves three major purposes: 1. It acts as a primer for practitioners who are interested to learn how to think in terms of services and workflows when facing domain-specific scientific processes. 2. It provides interesting material for readers already familiar with this kind of tools, because it introduces systematically both the technologies used in each case study and the basic concepts behind them. 3. As the addressed thematic field becomes increasingly relevant for lectures in both computer science and experimental sciences, it also provides helpful material for teachers that plan similar courses. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reso, Judith ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Protein Classification Workflow JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - The protein classification workflow described in this report enables users to get information about a novel protein sequence automatically. The information is derived by different bioinformatic analysis tools which calculate or predict features of a protein sequence. Also, databases are used to compare the novel sequence with known proteins. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Videla, Santiago T1 - Reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks with answer set programming T1 - Modellierung Logischer Signalnetzwerke mittels Antwortmengenprogrammierung N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. N2 - Deciphering the functioning of biological networks is one of the central tasks in systems biology. In particular, signal transduction networks are crucial for the understanding of the cellular response to external and internal perturbations. Importantly, in order to cope with the complexity of these networks, mathematical and computational modeling is required. We propose a computational modeling framework in order to achieve more robust discoveries in the context of logical signaling networks. More precisely, we focus on modeling the response of logical signaling networks by means of automated reasoning using Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP provides a declarative language for modeling various knowledge representation and reasoning problems. Moreover, available ASP solvers provide several reasoning modes for assessing the multitude of answer sets. Therefore, leveraging its rich modeling language and its highly efficient solving capacities, we use ASP to address three challenging problems in the context of logical signaling networks: learning of (Boolean) logical networks, experimental design, and identification of intervention strategies. Overall, the contribution of this thesis is three-fold. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical framework for characterizing and reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. Secondly, we contribute to a growing list of successful applications of ASP in systems biology. Thirdly, we present a software providing a complete pipeline for automated reasoning on the response of logical signaling networks. KW - Systembiologie KW - logische Signalnetzwerke KW - Antwortmengenprogrammierung KW - systems biology KW - logical signaling networks KW - answer set programming Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71890 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Böckmann, Christine A1 - Osterloh, Lukas T1 - Runge-Kutta type regularization method for inversion of spheroidal particle distribution from limited optical data T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Runge-Kutta type regularization method was recently proposed as a potent tool for the iterative solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems. In this paper we analyze the applicability of this regularization method for solving inverse problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing, particularly for the retrieval of spheroidal particle distribution. Our numerical simulations reveal that the Runge-Kutta type regularization method is able to retrieve two-dimensional particle distributions using optical backscatter and extinction coefficient profiles, as well as depolarization information. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 907 KW - inverse ill-posed problem KW - integral equation KW - laser remote sensing KW - inverse scattering KW - aerosol size distribution KW - 65R32 KW - 47A52 KW - 65R20 KW - 78A46 KW - iterative regularization Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441200 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 907 SP - 150 EP - 165 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Scientific Workflows and XMDD JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - A major part of the scientific experiments that are carried out today requires thorough computational support. While database and algorithm providers face the problem of bundling resources to create and sustain powerful computation nodes, the users have to deal with combining sets of (remote) services into specific data analysis and transformation processes. Today’s attention to “big data” amplifies the issues of size, heterogeneity, and process-level diversity/integration. In the last decade, especially workflow-based approaches to deal with these processes have enjoyed great popularity. This book concerns a particularly agile and model-driven approach to manage scientific workflows that is based on the XMDD paradigm. In this chapter we explain the scope and purpose of the book, briefly describe the concepts and technologies of the XMDD paradigm, explain the principal differences to related approaches, and outline the structure of the book. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hibbe, Marcel ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Spotlocator - Guess Where the Photo Was Taken! JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - Spotlocator is a game wherein people have to guess the spots of where photos were taken. The photos of a defined area for each game are from panoramio.com. They are published at http://spotlocator. drupalgardens.com with an ID. Everyone can guess the photo spots by sending a special tweet via Twitter that contains the hashtag #spotlocator, the guessed coordinates and the ID of the photo. An evaluation is published for all tweets. The players are informed about the distance to the real photo spots and the positions are shown on a map. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 149 EP - 160 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Fudickar, Sebastian T1 - Sub Ghz transceiver for indoor localisation of smartphones BT - Optimising localisation accuracy and device runtimes Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - The Course's SIB Libraries JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter gives a detailed description of the service framework underlying all the example projects that form the foundation of this book. It describes the different SIB libraries that we made available for the course “Process modeling in the natural sciences” to provide the functionality that was required for the envisaged applications. The students used these SIB libraries to realize their projects. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 30 EP - 44 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuntzsch, Christian T1 - Visualization of data transfer paths JF - Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - A workflow for visualizing server connections using the Google Maps API was built in the jABC. It makes use of three basic services: An XML-based IP address geolocation web service, a command line tool and the Static Maps API. The result of the workflow is an URL leading to an image file of a map, showing server connections between a client and a target host. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 140 EP - 148 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER -