TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, Ting-Li A1 - Cheng, Feng A1 - Xu, Zhen A1 - Chen, Zhong-Zheng A1 - Yu, Lei A1 - Ban, Qian A1 - Li, Chun-Lin A1 - Pan, Tao A1 - Zhang, Bao-Wei T1 - Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of the genus Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae) JF - Zoological research : ZR = Dongwuxue-yanjiu : jikan / published by Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguo Kexueyuan Kunming Dongwu Yanjiusuo zhuban, Dongwuxue-yanjiu Bianji Weiyuanhui bianji N2 - In this study, we reassessed the taxonomic position of Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae) from Huangshan, Anhui, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Results suggested that Typhlomys is comprised of up to six species, including four currently recognized species ( Typhlomys cinereus, T. chapensis, T. daloushanensis, and T. nanus), one unconfirmed candidate species, and one new species ( Typhlomys huangshanensis sp. nov.). Morphological analyses further supported the designation of the Huangshan specimens found at mid-elevations in the southern Huangshan Mountains (600 m to 1 200 m a.s.l.) as a new species. KW - Morphology KW - Phylogenetics KW - Species delimitation KW - Taxonomy Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.132 SN - 2095-8137 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 100 EP - 107 PB - Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe CY - Kunming ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warrington, Nicole A1 - Beaumont, Robin A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Day, Felix R. A1 - Helgeland, Øyvind A1 - Laurin, Charles A1 - Bacelis, Jonas A1 - Peng, Shouneng A1 - Hao, Ke A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Wood, Andrew R. A1 - Mahajan, Anubha A1 - Tyrrell, Jessica A1 - Robertson, Neil R. A1 - Rayner, N. William A1 - Qiao, Zhen A1 - Moen, Gunn-Helen A1 - Vaudel, Marc A1 - Marsit, Carmen A1 - Chen, Jia A1 - Nodzenski, Michael A1 - Schnurr, Theresia M. A1 - Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P. A1 - Grarup, Niels A1 - Kooijman, Marjolein N. A1 - Li-Gao, Ruifang A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Rueedi, Rico A1 - Huikari, Ville A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Cavadino, Alana A1 - Metrustry, Sarah A1 - Cousminer, Diana L. A1 - Wu, Ying A1 - Thiering, Elisabeth Paula A1 - Wang, Carol A. A1 - Have, Christian Theil A1 - Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia A1 - Joshi, Peter K. A1 - Painter, Jodie N. A1 - Ntalla, Ioanna A1 - Myhre, Ronny A1 - Pitkänen, Niina A1 - van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. A1 - Joro, Raimo A1 - Lagou, Vasiliki A1 - Richmond, Rebecca C. A1 - Espinosa, Ana A1 - Barton, Sheila J. A1 - Inskip, Hazel M. A1 - Holloway, John W. A1 - Santa-Marina, Loreto A1 - Estivill, Xavier A1 - Ang, Wei A1 - Marsh, Julie A. A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Marullo, Letizia A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L. A1 - Murabito, Joanne M. A1 - Relton, Caroline L. A1 - Kogevinas, Manolis A1 - Chatzi, Leda A1 - Allard, Catherine A1 - Bouchard, Luigi A1 - Hivert, Marie-France A1 - Zhang, Ge A1 - Muglia, Louis J. A1 - Heikkinen, Jani A1 - Morgen, Camilla S. A1 - van Kampen, Antoine H. C. A1 - van Schaik, Barbera D. C. A1 - Mentch, Frank D. A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Scott, Robert A. A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - Hemani, Gibran A1 - Ring, Susan M. A1 - Bennett, Amanda J. A1 - Gaulton, Kyle J. A1 - Fernandez-Tajes, Juan A1 - van Zuydam, Natalie R. A1 - Medina-Gomez, Carolina A1 - de Haan, Hugoline G. A1 - Rosendaal, Frits R. A1 - Kutalik, Zoltán A1 - Marques-Vidal, Pedro A1 - Das, Shikta A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Mbarek, Hamdi A1 - Müller-Nurasyid, Martina A1 - Standl, Marie A1 - Appel, Emil V. R. A1 - Fonvig, Cilius Esmann A1 - Trier, Caecilie A1 - van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. A1 - Murcia, Mario A1 - Bustamante, Mariona A1 - Bonàs-Guarch, Sílvia A1 - Hougaard, David M. A1 - Mercader, Josep M. A1 - Linneberg, Allan A1 - Schraut, Katharina E. A1 - Lind, Penelope A. A1 - Medland, Sarah Elizabeth A1 - Shields, Beverley M. A1 - Knight, Bridget A. A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope A1 - Bartels, Meike A1 - Sánchez, Friman A1 - Stokholm, Jakob A1 - Torrents, David A1 - Vinding, Rebecca K. A1 - Willems, Sara M. A1 - Atalay, Mustafa A1 - Chawes, Bo L. A1 - Kovacs, Peter A1 - Prokopenko, Inga A1 - Tuke, Marcus A. A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh A1 - Ruth, Katherine S. A1 - Jones, Samuel E. A1 - Loh, Po-Ru A1 - Murray, Anna A1 - Weedon, Michael N. A1 - Tönjes, Anke A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer A1 - Eloranta, Aino-Maija A1 - Lakka, Timo A. A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M. A1 - Kiess, Wieland A1 - Koerner, Antje A1 - Niinikoski, Harri A1 - Pahkala, Katja A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Jacobsson, Bo A1 - Zeggini, Eleftheria A1 - Dedoussis, George V. A1 - Teo, Yik-Ying A1 - Saw, Seang-Mei A1 - Montgomery, Grant W. A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Wilson, James F. A1 - Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. A1 - Vrijheid, Martine A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. N. A1 - Hayes, M. Geoffrey A1 - Kadarmideen, Haja N. A1 - Holm, Jens-Christian A1 - Beilin, Lawrence J. A1 - Pennell, Craig E. A1 - Heinrich, Joachim A1 - Adair, Linda S. A1 - Borja, Judith B. A1 - Mohlke, Karen L. A1 - Eriksson, Johan G. A1 - Widen, Elisabeth E. A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T. A1 - Spector, Tim D. A1 - Kaehoenen, Mika A1 - Viikari, Jorma S. A1 - Lehtimaeki, Terho A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I. A1 - Sebert, Sylvain A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Bonnelykke, Klaus A1 - Murray, Jeffrey C. A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - Nohr, Ellen A. A1 - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Felix, Janine F. A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. A1 - Hansen, Torben A1 - Pisinger, Charlotta A1 - Vaag, Allan A. A1 - Pedersen, Oluf A1 - Uitterlinden, Andre G. A1 - Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Power, Christine A1 - Hypponen, Elina A1 - Scholtens, Denise M. A1 - Lowe, William L. A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J. A1 - Morris, Andrew P. A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon A1 - Grant, Struan F. A. A1 - Frayling, Timothy M. A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A. A1 - Njolstad, Pal R. A1 - Johansson, Stefan A1 - Ong, Ken K. A1 - McCarthy, Mark I. A1 - Perry, John R. B. A1 - Evans, David M. A1 - Freathy, Rachel M. T1 - Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors JF - Nature genetics N2 - Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming. Y1 - 2019 SN - 1061-4036 SN - 1546-1718 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 804 EP - + PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Honghua A1 - Cheng, Lu A1 - Wang, Zhen A1 - Zhang, Tianqi A1 - Lu, Yanwu A1 - Zhao, Junxiang A1 - Li, Youli A1 - Zheng, Xiangmin T1 - Latest Quaternary rapid river incision across an inactive fold in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - This work focuses on the incision process over the Tuostai anticline, a fold of the proximal structure Belt I in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland, where the Sikeshu River has incised deeply into the alluvial gravels and the fold's underlying bedrock strata. Field investigation and geomorphic mapping define five terraces of the Sikeshu River (designated as T1 to T5 from oldest to youngest) preserved within the Tuostai anticline. 10Be surface exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating constrain stabilization of the highest three terrace surfaces at about 80 ka (T1), 16 ka (T2), and 15 ka (T3), respectively. Around 16 ka, the calculated river incision rates significantly increase from <2 mm/yr to >6 mm/yr. Undeformed longitudinal profiles of terraces T2, T3 and T4 over the Tuostai anticline suggest that this structure may have been tectonically inactive since stabilization of these three terraces. We thus think that the observed rapid river incision over the Tuostai anticline has not been largely forced by tectonic uplift. Instead, the progressively warmer and wetter palaeoclimatic condition within the Tian Shan range and its surrounding area during the period of ∼20–10 ka may have enhanced river incision across the Tuostai anticline. A reduced sediment/water ratio might have lowered the gradient of the Sikeshu River. KW - River incision KW - Fluvial terrace KW - Palaeoclimate KW - Late Quaternary KW - Tian Shan Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.017 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 179 SP - 167 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Li, Zhen T1 - Formation of Sub-Permafrost Methane Hydrate Reproduced by Numerical Modeling BT - Insights from LArge-scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) to Mallik Site, Canadian Arctic N2 - Natural gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline compounds containing water cavities that trap natural gas molecules like methane (CH4), which is a potent greenhouse gas with high energy density. The Mallik site at the Mackenzie Delta in the Canadian Arctic contains a large volume of technically recoverable CH4 hydrate beneath the base of the permafrost. Understanding how the sub-permafrost hydrate is distributed can aid in searching for the ideal locations for deploying CH4 production wells to develop the hydrate as a cleaner alternative to crude oil or coal. Globally, atmospheric warming driving permafrost thaw results in sub-permafrost hydrate dissociation, releasing CH4 into the atmosphere to intensify global warming. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the potential risk of hydrate dissociation due to permafrost degradation. To quantitatively predict hydrate distribution and volume in complex sub-permafrost environments, a numerical framework was developed to simulate sub-permafrost hydrate formation by coupling the equilibrium CH4-hydrate formation approach with a fluid flow and transport simulator (TRANSPORTSE). In addition, integrating the equations of state describing ice melting and forming with TRANSPORTSE enabled this framework to simulate the permafrost evolution during the sub-permafrost hydrate formation. A modified sub-permafrost hydrate formation mechanism for the Mallik site is presented in this study. According to this mechanism, the CH4-rich fluids have been vertically transported since the Late Pleistocene from deep overpressurized zones via geologic fault networks to form the observed hydrate deposits in the Kugmallit–Mackenzie Bay Sequences. The established numerical framework was verified by a benchmark of hydrate formation via dissolved methane. Model calibration was performed based on laboratory data measured during a multi-stage hydrate formation experiment undertaken in the LArge scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS). As the temporal and spatial evolution of simulated and observed hydrate saturation matched well, the LARS model was therefore validated. This laboratory-scale model was then upscaled to a field-scale 2D model generated from a seismic transect across the Mallik site. The simulation confirmed the feasibility of the introduced sub-permafrost hydrate formation mechanism by demonstrating consistency with field observations. The 2D model was extended to the first 3D model of the Mallik site by using well-logs and seismic profiles, to investigate the geologic controls on the spatial hydrate distribution. An assessment of this simulation revealed the hydraulic contribution of each geological element, including relevant fault networks and sedimentary sequences. Based on the simulation results, the observed heterogeneous distribution of sub-permafrost hydrate resulted from the combined factors of the source-gas generation rate, subsurface temperature, and the permeability of geologic elements. Analysis of the results revealed that the Mallik permafrost was heated by 0.8–1.3 °C, induced by the global temperature increase of 0.44 °C and accelerated by Arctic amplification from the early 1970s to the mid-2000s. This study presents a numerical framework that can be applied to study the formation of the permafrost-hydrate system from laboratory to field scales, across timescales ranging from hours to millions of years. Overall, these simulations deepen the knowledge about the dominant factors controlling the spatial hydrate distribution in sub-permafrost environments with heterogeneous geologic elements. The framework can support improving the design of hydrate formation experiments and provide valuable contributions to future industrial hydrate exploration and exploitation activities. N2 - Gashydrate sind eisähnliche kristalline Verbindungen, die Moleküle wie Methan (CH4) in Hohlräumen einschließen. Die Mallik-Lagerstätte im Mackenzie-Delta in der kanadischen Arktis enthält ein großes Volumen an technisch förderbarem CH4-Hydrat unter dem Permafrostboden. Das Verständnis, wie die Hydrate verteilt sind, kann bei der Suche nach idealen Standorten für Förderbohrungen zu ihrer Erschließung als saubere Alternative zu Erdöl oder Kohle helfen. Weltweit führt die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre zum Auftauen des Permafrosts und zur Zersetzung der Hydrate, wodurch CH4 in die Atmosphäre freigesetzt und die globale Erwärmung verstärkt wird. Es ist also entscheidend, das potenzielle Risiko der Hydratauflösung aufgrund der Permafrostdegradation zu bewerten. Um die Verteilung und das Volumen von Hydraten in komplexen Sub-Permafrost Umgebungen quantitativ vorherzusagen, wurde ein numerischer Ansatz zur Simulation entwickelt. Hierzu wurde der Gleichgewichtsansatz für die CH4-Hydratbildung mit einem Strömungs- und Transportsimulator (TRANSPORTSE) kombiniert. Die zusätzliche Integrierung der Zustandsgleichungen, die das Schmelzen und die Bildung von Eis beschreiben, ermöglichte die Simulation der Permafrostentwicklung während der Hydratbildung. Für den Standort Mallik wird ein modifizierter Bildungsmechanismus in dieser Studie beschrieben. Demzufolge wurden die CH4-reichen Fluide seit dem späten Pleistozän aus tiefen Überdruckszonen vertikal über geologische Verwerfungssysteme transportiert, und haben die Hydratvorkommen gebildet. Der numerische Ansatz wurde anhand eines Benchmarks zur Hydratbildung verifiziert. Messdaten eines mehrstufigen Hydratbildungsexperiments im LArge scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) dienten zur Kalibrierung. Basierend auf der guten Übereinstimmung zwischen der simulierten und beobachteten Hydratsättigung, wurde das LARS-Modell validiert. Im Anschluss erfolgte die Übertragung auf ein 2D-Modell im Feldmaßstab, das mithilfe einer seismischen Transekte durch den Mallik-Standort erstellt wurde. Die Übereinstimmung mit den Feldbeobachtungen bestätigte den beschriebenen Mechanismus zur Hydratbildung unterhalb des Permafrosts. Das 2D-Modell wurde basierend auf Bohrlochprotokollen und seismischen Profilen zum ersten 3D-Modell des Mallik-Standorts erweitert, um die geologischen Einflüsse auf die Hydratverteilung zu untersuchen. Die Auswertung verdeutlichte den Beitrag jedes geologischen Elements zum hydraulischen System, einschließlich relevanter Verwerfungssysteme und sedimentärer Abfolgen. Die beobachtete heterogene räumliche Verteilung der Hydrate ist auf die Gasproduktionsrate der Quelle, die Untergrundtemperatur und die Durchlässigkeit der geologischen Einheiten zurückzuführen. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse ergab, dass der Mallik-Permafrost um 0,8–1,3 °C erwärmt wurde, was durch den globalen Temperaturanstieg von 0,44 °C verursacht und durch die sogenannte polare Verstärkung seit Anfang der 1970er bis Mitte der 2000er Jahre beschleunigt wurde. Der in dieser Studie entwickelte numerische Ansatz zur Bildung von Permafrost-Hydrat-Systemen kann vom Labor- bis zum Feldmaßstab und über Zeitskalen von Stunden bis zu Millionen von Jahren angewendet werden. Mit den Simulationen konnten die dominierenden Faktoren identifiziert werden, welche die räumliche Hydratverteilung in Umgebungen mit heterogenen geologischen Strukturen steuern. Der Ansatz kann die Planung von Hydratbildungsexperimenten verbessern und einen wertvollen Beitrag für zukünftige industrielle Hydraterkundungen- und -erschließungen leisten. T2 - Bildung von Sub-Permafrost-Methanhydraten dargestellt durch numerische Modellierung: Erkenntnisse aus dem LArge-sclae Reservoir Simulator (LARS), angewandt auf den Mallik-Standort, Kanadische Arktis KW - methane hydrate KW - geologic fault KW - numerical simulation KW - hydrate formation KW - climate change KW - Mackenzie Delta KW - Mackenzie-Delta KW - Klimawandel KW - geologische Verwerfung KW - Hydratbildung KW - Methanhydrat KW - numerische Simulation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-603302 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Zhen A1 - Spangenberg, Erik A1 - Schicks, Judith Maria A1 - Kempka, Thomas T1 - Numerical simulation of hydrate formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) JF - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management N2 - The LArge-scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) has been previously developed to study hydrate dissociation in hydrate-bearing systems under in-situ conditions. In the present study, a numerical framework of equations of state describing hydrate formation at equilibrium conditions has been elaborated and integrated with a numerical flow and transport simulator to investigate a multi-stage hydrate formation experiment undertaken in LARS. A verification of the implemented modeling framework has been carried out by benchmarking it against another established numerical code. Three-dimensional (3D) model calibration has been performed based on laboratory data available from temperature sensors, fluid sampling, and electrical resistivity tomography. The simulation results demonstrate that temperature profiles, spatial hydrate distribution, and bulk hydrate saturation are consistent with the observations. Furthermore, our numerical framework can be applied to calibrate geophysical measurements, optimize post-processing workflows for monitoring data, improve the design of hydrate formation experiments, and investigate the temporal evolution of sub-permafrost methane hydrate reservoirs. KW - methane hydrate KW - temperature sensor KW - electrical resistivity tomography KW - hydrate formation KW - numerical simulation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15061974 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 15 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Zhen A1 - Spangenberg, Erik A1 - Schicks, Judith Maria A1 - Kempka, Thomas T1 - Numerical Simulation of Coastal Sub-Permafrost Gas Hydrate Formation in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic JF - Energies N2 - The Mackenzie Delta (MD) is a permafrost-bearing region along the coasts of the Canadian Arctic which exhibits high sub-permafrost gas hydrate (GH) reserves. The GH occurring at the Mallik site in the MD is dominated by thermogenic methane (CH4), which migrated from deep conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, very likely through the present fault systems. Therefore, it is assumed that fluid flow transports dissolved CH4 upward and out of the deeper overpressurized reservoirs via the existing polygonal fault system and then forms the GH accumulations in the Kugmallit-Mackenzie Bay Sequences. We investigate the feasibility of this mechanism with a thermo-hydraulic-chemical numerical model, representing a cross section of the Mallik site. We present the first simulations that consider permafrost formation and thawing, as well as the formation of GH accumulations sourced from the upward migrating CH4-rich formation fluid. The simulation results show that temperature distribution, as well as the thickness and base of the ice-bearing permafrost are consistent with corresponding field observations. The primary driver for the spatial GH distribution is the permeability of the host sediments. Thus, the hypothesis on GH formation by dissolved CH4 originating from deeper geological reservoirs is successfully validated. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the permafrost has been substantially heated to 0.8-1.3 degrees C, triggered by the global temperature increase of about 0.44 degrees C and further enhanced by the Arctic Amplification effect at the Mallik site from the early 1970s to the mid-2000s. KW - gas hydrate KW - permafrost KW - methane KW - faults KW - climate change KW - Mallik KW - numerical simulations Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15144986 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 15 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Zhen A1 - Wang, Yongbo A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Zhao, Yan T1 - Pollen-based biome reconstruction on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the past 15,000 years JF - Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences N2 - Reconstruction of past vegetation change is critical for better understanding the potential impact of future global change on the fragile alpine ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this paper, pollen assemblages comprising 58 records from the QTP, spanning the past 15 kyrs, were collected to reconstruct biome compositions using a standard approach. Six forest biomes were identified mainly on the southeastern plateau, exhibiting a pattern of gradual expansion along the eastern margin during early to mid-Holocene times. The alpine meadow biome was separately identified based on an updated scheme, and showed notable westward expansions towards lower latitudes and higher altitudes during early Holocene times. Consistent patterns of migration could also be identified for the alpine steppe biome, which moved eastward during the late Holocene after 4 ka. As the dominant biome type, temperate steppe was distributed widely over the QTP with minor migration patterns, except for a progressive expansion to lower altitudes in the late Holocene times. The desert biome was inferred mainly as covering the northwestern plateau and the Qaidam Basin, in relatively restricted areas. The spatial distribution of the reconstructed biomes represent the large-scale vegetation gradient on the QTP. Monsoonal precipitation expressed predominant controls on the development of alpine ecosystems, while the variations in desert vegetation responded to regional moisture brought by the mid-latitude Westerlies. Temperature changes played relatively minor roles in the variations of alpine vegetation, but exerted more significant impacts on the forest biomes. KW - biomization KW - pollen KW - vegetation migration KW - Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau KW - holocene Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111190 SN - 0031-0182 SN - 1872-616X VL - 604 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -