TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Yao
A1  - Wang, Guang
A1  - Wang, Xiao-yu
A1  - Ma, Zheng-lai
A1  - Chen, You-peng
A1  - Chuai, Manli
A1  - von Websky, Karoline
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Yang, Xuesong
T1  - Effects of high salt-exposure on the development of retina and lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo
JF  - Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology
N2  - Background/Aims: Excess maternal salt intake during pregnancy may alter fetal development. However; our knowledge on how an increased salt intake during pregnancy influences fetal eye development is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of high salt treatment on the developing eyes in chick embryos, especially focusing on the development of the retina and the lens. Methods: 5.5 day chick embryos were exposed to 280mosm/l (n=17), or 300mosm/l (n=16) NaCl. The treated embryos were then incubated for 96 hours before they were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for H&E staining, whole mount embryo immunostaining and TUNEL staining. BrdU and PH3 incorporation experiments were performed on the chick embryos after high salt treatment. RT-PCR analyses were conducted from chick retina tissues. Results: We demonstrated that high-salt treatment altered the size of eyes in chick embryos, induced malformation of the eyes and impaired the development of the lens and the retina. We found an impaired expression of Paired box 6 (PAX6) and neuronal cells in the developing retina as revealed by neurofilament immunofluorescent staining. There was a reduction in the number of BrdU-positive cells and PH3-positive cells in the retina, indicating an impaired cell proliferation with high salt treatment. High salt treatment also resulted in an increased number of TUNEL-positive cells in the retina, indicating a higher amount of cell death. RT-PCR data displayed that the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule nerve growth factor (NGF) in chick retina was increased and CyclinD1 was reduced with high-salt treatment. The size of the lens was reduced and Pax6 expression in the lens was significantly inhibited. High salt treatment was detrimental to the migration of neural crest cells. Conclusion: Taken together; our study demonstrated that high salt exposure of 5.5 day chick embryos led to an impairment of retina and lens development, possibly through interfering with Pax6 expression.
KW  - Chick embryos
KW  - High osmolarity
KW  - Retina
KW  - Lens
KW  - Pax6
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000363044
SN  - 1015-8987
SN  - 1421-9778
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 804
EP  - 817
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Xiaomin
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Cao, Shuyan
A1  - Lu, Yao
A1  - Liu, Caixia
A1  - Hirata, Hiroshi
A1  - Watanabe, Naoharu
T1  - Developmental patterns of emission of scent compounds and related gene expression in roses of the cultivar Rosa x hybrida cv. 'Yves Piaget'
JF  - Plant physiology and biochemistry : an official journal of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology
N2  - 2-Phenylethanol (2PE) and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT) are characteristic scent compounds in specific roses such as Rosa x hybrida cv. 'Yves Piaget'. We analyzed the endogenous concentrations and emission of 2PE and DMT during the unfurling process in different floral organs, as well as changes in transcript levels of the two key genes, PAR and OOMT2.
 The emission of both 2PE and DMT increased during floral development to reach peaks at the fully unfurled stage. The relative transcripts of PAR and OOMT2 also increased during floral development. Whereas the maximum for OOMT2 was found at the fully unfurled stage (stage 4), similar expression levels of PAR were detected at stage 4 and the senescence stage (stage 6). The results demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression levels of PAR and OOMT2 and the emission of 2PE and DMT. In addition, endogenous volatiles and relative transcripts showed tissue- and development-specific patterns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
KW  - 2-Phenylethanol
KW  - 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene
KW  - Floral scent compound
KW  - Rosa x level
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.12.016
SN  - 0981-9428
VL  - 87
SP  - 109
EP  - 114
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Paris
ER  -