TY - JOUR
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Can simulated patient encounters appear authentic?
BT - development and pilot results of a rating instrument based on the portrayal of depressive patients
JF - Training and education in professional psychology
N2 - Public Significance Statement This study demonstrates that simulated patients (SPs) can authentically portray a depressive case. The results provide preliminary evidence of psychometrically sound properties of the rating scale that contributes to distinguishing between authentic and unauthentic SPs and may thus foster SPs' dissemination into evidence-based training.
For training purposes, simulated patients (SPs), that is, healthy people portraying a disorder, are disseminating more into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. In the current study, we developed an observer-based rating instrument for the evaluation of SP authenticity-namely, it not being possible to distinguish them from real patients-so as to foster their use in evidence-based training. We applied a multistep inductive approach to develop the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations (APD) scale. Ninety-seven independent psychotherapy trainees, 77.32% female, mean age of 31.49 (SD = 5.17) years, evaluated the authenticity of 2 independent SPs, each of whom portrayed a depressive patient. The APD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .83) and a strong correlation (r = .82) with an established tool for assessing SP performance in medical contexts. The APD scale distinguished significantly between an authentic and unauthentic SP (d = 2.35). Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the APD indicates that the APD could be a viable tool for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in detail.
KW - authenticity
KW - evidence-based training
KW - standardized patients
KW - role-play
KW - mental disorders
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000349
SN - 1931-3918
SN - 1931-3926
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 20
EP - 27
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Poltz, Nadine
A1 - Lorenz, Anna
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Live supervision in psychotherapy training
BT - a systematic review
JF - Training and education in professional psychology
N2 - There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59%), were categorized as nonempirical (55%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35%), and displayed positive views on LS (87%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78% of all comparisons, but only in 13% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed.
Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed.
KW - psychotherapy
KW - feedback
KW - bug-in-the-eye
KW - training
KW - therapist competence
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000390
SN - 1931-3918
SN - 1931-3926
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 130
EP - 142
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills
BT - Validation of a short scale
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry
N2 - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S).
Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts.
Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills).
Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument.
KW - standardized patient
KW - treatment integrity
KW - measurement
KW - therapist competence
KW - role-play
KW - psychotherapy process
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Hahn, Daniela
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Differences in psychotherapy preferences between psychotherapy trainees and laypeople
JF - Psychotherapy research : the official journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research
N2 - Objective: Despite increasing research on psychotherapy preferences, the preferences of psychotherapy trainees are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in preferences between trainees and their patients could (a) hinder symptom improvement and therapy success for patients and (b) represent significant obstacles in the early career and development of future therapists. Method: We compared the preferences of n = 466 psychotherapy trainees to those of n = 969 laypersons using the Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences. Moreover, we compared preferences between trainees in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic trainees. Results: We found significant differences between both samples in 13 of 18 items, and three of four subscales. Psychotherapy trainees preferred less therapist directiveness (d = 0.58), more emotional intensity (d = 0.74), as well as more focused challenge (d = 0.35) than laypeople. CBT trainees preferred more therapist directiveness (d = 2.00), less emotional intensity (d = 0.51), more present orientation (d = 0.76) and more focused challenge (d = 0.33) than trainees in psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy. Conclusion: Overall, the results underline the importance of implementing preference assessment and discussion during psychotherapy training. Moreover, therapists of different orientations seem to cover a large range of preferences for patients, in order to choose the right fit.
KW - psychotherapy process
KW - psychotherapy training
KW - activity preference;
KW - C-NIP
KW - assessment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2022.2098076
SN - 1050-3307
SN - 1468-4381
VL - 33
IS - 3
SP - 374
EP - 386
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Assessing patient preferences
BT - examination of the german cooper-norcross inventory of preferences
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.
KW - psychotherapy
KW - preference
KW - activity preference
KW - preference assessment
KW - validation study
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Assessing Patient Preferences
BT - Examination of the German Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
N2 - Despite the positive effects of including patients’ preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.
KW - psychotherapy
KW - preference
KW - activity preference
KW - preference assessment
KW - validation study
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hahn, Daniela
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Witthöft, Michael
A1 - Maiwald, Lisa Marie
A1 - Foral, Annika
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Wie erleben Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung ihre Selbsterfahrung?
BT - eine qualitative Untersuchung
BT - a qualitative analysis
JF - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
N2 - Background:
Self-experiential work is a central component of psychotherapy training. However, research on this matter has not received a lot of attention.
Objective:
This study explores the conditions and effects of helpful self-experiential work.
Method:
We interviewed 14 psychotherapists in training using a semistructured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015).
Results:
Different characteristics were associated with helpful self-experiential work: characteristics of the instructor (e. g., implementation skills), organization, willingness of the trainees to learn, topics and methods applied, and a sustainable working atmosphere. Among the positive effects reported was the promotion of the trainees' interpersonal competencies. Furthermore, we found some side effects and negative impact (e. g.. exhaustion).
Conclusions:
We were able to extract conditions that can guide the execution of helpful self-experiential work and the effects of self-experiential work from the perspective of the trainees.
N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund:
Selbsterfahrung ist zentraler Bestandteil der Psychotherapieausbildung. Gleichzeitig wurde Selbsterfahrung selten empirisch untersucht.
Fragestellung:
Ziel unserer Studie war es, Bedingungen und Effekte hilfreicher Selbsterfahrung zu explorieren.
Methode:
Vierzehn verhaltenstherapeutische Ausbildungskandidat_innen wurden anhand halbstrukturierter Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015).
Ergebnisse:
Verschiedene Bedingungen wurden mit hilfreich erlebter Selbsterfahrung in Zusammenhang gebracht: Merkmale der Selbsterfahrungsleitung (u. a. Durchführungskompetenz), der Organisation, der Teilnehmer_innen (Lernbereitschaft), die behandelten Themen und die eingesetzten Techniken, sowie eine tragfähige Arbeitsbeziehung. Berichtete positive Effekte waren u. a. die Förderung interpersoneller Kompetenzen. Zudem wurden Nebenwirkungen und negative Effekte formuliert (u. a. Erschöpfung).
Schlussfolgerungen:
Bedingungen zur Durchführung von als hilfreich erlebter Selbsterfahrung und Effekte von Selbsterfahrung wurden aus Sicht der Teilnehmer_innen extrahiert.
T2 - How do psychotherapists in training experience their own self-experiential work?
KW - personal practice
KW - psychotherapy training
KW - qualitative content analysis
KW - Selbsterfahrung
KW - Psychotherapeutische Ausbildung
KW - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000626
SN - 1616-3443
SN - 2190-6297
VL - 50
IS - 2
SP - 78
EP - 89
PB - Hogrefe
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Paunov, Tatjana
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder
BT - How suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?
JF - BMC psychiatry
N2 - Background
Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample.
Methods
In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being.
Results
Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52).
Conclusions
Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy.
KW - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW - Psychodiagnostics
KW - Psychometric properties
KW - Screening
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x
SN - 1471-244X
VL - 21
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Fauth, Henriette
A1 - Destina Sevde, Ay-Bryson
A1 - Visser, Leonie N.C.
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes
JF - Cancer Medicine
N2 - Background
Communicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.
Methods
Patients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.
Results
Regardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, η2partial = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, η2partial = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.14) from pre- to post-video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06).
Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.
KW - consultation
KW - mental health
KW - oncology
KW - psycho-oncology
KW - skills
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4396
SN - 2045-7634
VL - 10
SP - 9012
EP - 9021
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ET - 24
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Maaß, Ulrike
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Einsatz standardisierter Patienten im Psychologiestudium
BT - von der Forschung in die Praxis
JF - Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven
N2 - Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des reformierten Psychotherapeutengesetzes wird eine starkere Praxisorientierung in der klinisch-psychologischen Lehre und in der Prufung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen verankert. Hierbei sollen Studierende durch die Interaktion mit standardisierten Patient*innen (SP) therapeutische Kompetenzen erwerben und demonstrieren. Fragestellung: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine evidenzbasierte Umsetzung dieser neuen Lehr- und Prufungsformate zu unterstutzen, indem bisherige Forschungsbefunde zum Einsatz von SP dargestellt und Bereiche, in denen weitere Forschung notwendig ist, aufgezeigt werden. Ergebnisse: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass SP psychische Storungen authentisch darstellen konnen. Voraussetzung dafur sind beispielsweise die Auswahl geeigneter SP, detaillierte Rollenanleitungen, spezifisches Training, Feedback und Nachschulungen. Auch wenn einige Forschungsfragen, wie zur vergleichenden Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes von SP, noch unbeantwortet sind, lassen sich praktische Implikationen fur SP-Programme in Lehre, Prufung und Forschung ableiten, die in einem Ablaufschema dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz von SP bietet gro ss es Potenzial fur die klinisch-psychologische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung. Um den Einsatz von SP an anderen Standorten zu unterstutzen, werden Beispielmaterialien (z.B. Rollenanleitung) in den elektronischen Supplementen (siehe www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 fur alle Supplemente) zum Artikel zur Verfugung gestellt.
N2 - Background: Within the pending reformation of the German law of psychotherapy training, education in clinical psychology and the examination of psychotherapeutic competencies are established as more practice oriented. Students will acquire and demonstrate therapeutic skills through interactions with standardized patients (SPs). The aim of the current paper is to enhance evidence-based implementation of these new methods of education and examination by presenting the current evidence regarding the use of SPs and by pointing out areas for further research. Results: Results of recent studies demonstrate that SPs are able to present mental disorders authentically. Prerequisites are, among others, the selection of suitable SPs, detailed role scripts, specific training, feedback, and corrective training. Although some research questions, including the comparative effectiveness of SPs, remain unanswered, practice implications for using SPs in education, examination, and research can be drawn. These implications are illustrated schematically. Conclusions: The use of SPs has large potential for education in clinical psychology and for research on psychotherapy training. With a view to encouraging the widespread use of SPs, we provide exemplary materials (e.g., role script) within the online supplements (see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] for all online suppl. material).
T2 - Standardized patients in clinical psychology: from research to practice
KW - Training
KW - Ausbildung
KW - Psychotherapie
KW - Evidenzbasierte Versorgung
KW - training
KW - education
KW - psychotherapy
KW - evidence-based care
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000509249
SN - 1016-6262
SN - 1423-0402
VL - 31
IS - 2
SP - 152
EP - 160
PB - Karger
CY - Basel
ER -