TY - JOUR A1 - Holzmeier, Fabian A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gienger, Christian A1 - Wagner, Isabella A1 - Bozek, J. A1 - Nandi, S. A1 - Nicolas, C. A1 - Fischer, Ingo A1 - Gühr, Markus A1 - Fink, Reinhold F. T1 - Normal and resonant Auger spectroscopy of isocyanic acid, HNCO JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - In this paper, we investigate HNCO by resonant and nonresonant Auger electron spectroscopy at the K-edges of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, employing soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. In comparison with the isosteric but linear CO2 molecule, spectra of the bent HNCO molecule are similar but more complex due to its reduced symmetry, wherein the degeneracy of the π-orbitals is lifted. Resonant Auger electron spectra are presented at different photon energies over the first core-excited 1s → 10a′ resonance. All Auger electron spectra are assigned based on ab initio configuration interaction computations combined with the one-center approximation for Auger intensities and moment theory to consider vibrational motion. The calculated spectra were scaled by a newly introduced energy scaling factor, and generally, good agreement is found between experiment and theory for normal as well as resonant Auger electron spectra. A comparison of resonant Auger spectra with nonresonant Auger structures shows a slight broadening as well as a shift of the former spectra between −8 and −9 eV due to the spectating electron. Since HNCO is a small molecule and contains the four most abundant atoms of organic molecules, the reported Auger electron decay spectra will provide a benchmark for further theoretical approaches in the computation of core electron spectra. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030621 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 149 IS - 3 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perring, Michael P. A1 - Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus A1 - Baeten, Lander A1 - Midolo, Gabriele A1 - Blondeel, Haben A1 - Depauw, Leen A1 - Landuyt, Dries A1 - Maes, Sybryn L. A1 - De Lombaerde, Emiel A1 - Caron, Maria Mercedes A1 - Vellend, Mark A1 - Brunet, Joerg A1 - Chudomelova, Marketa A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - Diekmann, Martin A1 - Dirnboeck, Thomas A1 - Doerfler, Inken A1 - Durak, Tomasz A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Gilliam, Frank S. A1 - Hedl, Radim A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hommel, Patrick A1 - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan A1 - Kirby, Keith J. A1 - Kopecky, Martin A1 - Lenoir, Jonathan A1 - Li, Daijiang A1 - Malis, Frantisek A1 - Mitchell, Fraser J. G. A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Newman, Miles A1 - Petrik, Petr A1 - Reczynska, Kamila A1 - Schmidt, Wolfgang A1 - Standovar, Tibor A1 - Swierkosz, Krzysztof A1 - Van Calster, Hans A1 - Vild, Ondrej A1 - Wagner, Eva Rosa A1 - Wulf, Monika A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies JF - Global change biology N2 - The contemporary state of functional traits and species richness in plant communities depends on legacy effects of past disturbances. Whether temporal responses of community properties to current environmental changes are altered by such legacies is, however, unknown. We expect global environmental changes to interact with land-use legacies given different community trajectories initiated by prior management, and subsequent responses to altered resources and conditions. We tested this expectation for species richness and functional traits using 1814 survey-resurvey plot pairs of understorey communities from 40 European temperate forest datasets, syntheses of management transitions since the year 1800, and a trait database. We also examined how plant community indicators of resources and conditions changed in response to management legacies and environmental change. Community trajectories were clearly influenced by interactions between management legacies from over 200 years ago and environmental change. Importantly, higher rates of nitrogen deposition led to increased species richness and plant height in forests managed less intensively in 1800 (i.e., high forests), and to decreases in forests with a more intensive historical management in 1800 (i.e., coppiced forests). There was evidence that these declines in community variables in formerly coppiced forests were ameliorated by increased rates of temperature change between surveys. Responses were generally apparent regardless of sites’ contemporary management classifications, although sometimes the management transition itself, rather than historic or contemporary management types, better explained understorey responses. Main effects of environmental change were rare, although higher rates of precipitation change increased plant height, accompanied by increases in fertility indicator values. Analysis of indicator values suggested the importance of directly characterising resources and conditions to better understand legacy and environmental change effects. Accounting for legacies of past disturbance can reconcile contradictory literature results and appears crucial to anticipating future responses to global environmental change. KW - biodiversity change KW - climate change KW - disturbance regime KW - forestREplot KW - herbaceous layer KW - management intensity KW - nitrogen deposition KW - plant functional traits KW - time lag KW - vegetation resurvey Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14030 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 1722 EP - 1740 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tobie, G. A1 - Teanby, N. A. A1 - Coustenis, A. A1 - Jaumann, Ralf A1 - Raulin, E. A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Carrasco, N. A1 - Coates, Andrew J. A1 - Cordier, D. A1 - De Kok, R. A1 - Geppert, W. D. A1 - Lebreton, J. -P. A1 - Lefevre, A. A1 - Livengood, T. A. A1 - Mandt, K. E. A1 - Mitri, G. A1 - Nimmo, F. A1 - Nixon, C. A. A1 - Norman, L. A1 - Pappalardo, R. T. A1 - Postberg, F. A1 - Rodriguez, S. A1 - SchuizeMakuch, D. A1 - Soderblom, J. M. A1 - Solomonidou, A. A1 - Stephan, K. A1 - Stofan, E. R. A1 - Turtle, E. P. A1 - Wagner, R. J. A1 - West, R. A. A1 - Westlake, J. H. T1 - Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus JF - Planetary and space science KW - Titan KW - Enceladus KW - Atmosphere KW - Surface KW - Ocean KW - Interior KW - Missions Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.10.002 SN - 0032-0633 VL - 104 SP - 59 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wagner, Markus A1 - Pywell, Richard F. A1 - Knopp, Tatjana A1 - Bullock, James M. A1 - Heard, Matthew S. T1 - The germination niches of grassland species targeted for restoration BT - effects of seed pre-treatments T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Restoration of semi-natural grassland communities involves a combination of (1) sward disturbance to create a temporal window for establishment, and (2) target species introduction, the latter usually by seed sowing. With great regularity, particular species establish only poorly. More reliable establishment could improve outcome of restoration projects and increase cost-effectiveness. We investigated the abiotic germination niche of ten poorly establishing calcareous grassland species by simultaneously exploring the effects of moisture and light availability and temperature fluctuation on percentage germina- tion and speed of germination. We also investigated the effects of three different pre-treatments used to enhance seed germination – cold-stratification, osmo- tic priming and priming in combination with gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) – and how these affected abiotic germination niches. Species varied markedly in width of abiotic germination niche, ranging from Carex flacca with very strict abiotic requirements, to several species reliably germinating across the whole range of abiotic conditions. Our results suggest pronounced differ- ences between species in gap requirements for establishment. Germination was improved in most species by at least one pre-treatment. Evidence for positive effects of adding GA 3 to seed priming solutions was limited. In several species, pre-treated seeds germinated under a wider range of abiotic conditions than untreated seeds. Improved knowledge of species-specific germination niches and the effects of seed pre-treatments may help to improve species establishment by sowing, and to identify species for which sowing at a later stage of restoration or introduction as small plants may represent a more viable strategy. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 675 KW - abiotic germination niche KW - calcareous grassland species KW - cold-stratification KW - osmotic seed priming KW - seed sowing KW - temperature fluctuation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413438 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 675 SP - 117 EP - 131 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Vera, Jean-Pierre Paul A1 - Böttger, Ute A1 - de la Torre Nötzel, Rosa A1 - Sanchez, Francisco J. A1 - Grunow, Dana A1 - Schmitz, Nicole A1 - Lange, Caroline A1 - Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm A1 - Billi, Daniela A1 - Baque, Mickael A1 - Rettberg, Petra A1 - Rabbow, Elke A1 - Reitz, Günther A1 - Berger, Thomas A1 - Möller, Ralf A1 - Bohmeier, Maria A1 - Horneck, Gerda A1 - Westall, Frances A1 - Jänchen, Jochen A1 - Fritz, Jörg A1 - Meyer, Cornelia A1 - Onofri, Silvano A1 - Selbmann, Laura A1 - Zucconi, Laura A1 - Kozyrovska, Natalia A1 - Leya, Thomas A1 - Foing, Bernard A1 - Demets, Rene A1 - Cockell, Charles S. A1 - Bryce, Casey A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Serrano, Paloma A1 - Edwards, Howell G. M. A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Huwe, Björn A1 - Ehrenfreund, Pascale A1 - Elsaesser, Andreas A1 - Ott, Sieglinde A1 - Meessen, Joachim A1 - Feyh, Nina A1 - Szewzyk, Ulrich A1 - Jaumann, Ralf A1 - Spohn, Tilman T1 - Supporting Mars exploration BIOMEX in Low Earth Orbit and further astrobiological studies on the Moon using Raman and PanCam technology JF - Planetary and space science N2 - The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) experiment Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) is an interdisciplinary and international space research project selected by ESA. The experiment will be accommodated on the space exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 on the International Space Station (ISS) and is foreseen to be launched in 2013. The prime objective of BIOMEX is to measure to what extent biomolecules, such as pigments and cellular components, are resistant to and able to maintain their stability under space and Mars-like conditions. The results of BIOMEX will be relevant for space proven biosignature definition and for building a biosignature data base (e.g. the proposed creation of an international Raman library). The library will be highly relevant for future space missions such as the search for life on Mars. The secondary scientific objective is to analyze to what extent terrestrial extremophiles are able to survive in space and to determine which interactions between biological samples and selected minerals (including terrestrial, Moon- and Mars analogs) can be observed under space and Mars-like conditions. In this context, the Moon will be an additional platform for performing similar experiments with negligible magnetic shielding and higher solar and galactic irradiation compared to LEO. Using the Moon as an additional astrobiological exposure platform to complement ongoing astrobiological LEO investigations could thus enhance the chances of detecting organic traces of life on Mars. We present a lunar lander mission with two related objectives: a lunar lander equipped with Raman and PanCam instruments which can analyze the lunar surface and survey an astrobiological exposure platform. This dual use of testing mission technology together with geo- and astrobiological analyses will significantly increase the science return, and support the human preparation objectives. It will provide knowledge about the Moon's surface itself and, in addition, monitor the stability of life-markers, such as cells, cell components and pigments, in an extraterrestrial environment with much closer radiation properties to the surface of Mars. The combination of a Raman data base of these data together with data from LEO and space simulation experiments, will lead to further progress on the analysis and interpretation of data that we will obtain from future Moon and Mars exploration missions. KW - Moon KW - Mars KW - Low Earth Orbit KW - Astrobiology KW - Instrumentation KW - Spectroscopy KW - Biosignature Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2012.06.010 SN - 0032-0633 VL - 74 IS - 1 SP - 103 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masyagina, Oxana. V. A1 - Evgrafova, S. Yu A1 - Bugaenko, T. N. A1 - Kholodilova, V. V. A1 - Krivobokov, L. A1 - Korets, M. A. A1 - Wagner, Dirk T1 - Permafrost landslides promote soil CO2 emission and hinder C accumulation JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Landslides arc common in high-latitude forest ecosystems that have developed on permafrost. The most vulnerable areas in the permafrost territories of Siberia occur on the south-facing slopes of northern rivers, where they arc observed on about 20% of the total area of river slopes. Landslide disturbances will likely increase with climate change especially due to increasing summer-autumn precipitation. These processes are the most destructive natural disturbance agent and lead to the complete removal of pre-slide forest ecosystems (vegetation cover and soil). To evaluate postsliding ecosystem succession, we undertook integrated ecological research at landslides of different age classes along the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River and the Kochechum River (Tura, Krasnoyarsk region, Russia). Just after the event (at the one-year-old site), we registered a drop in soil respiration, a threefold lower microbial respiration rate, and a fourfold smaller mineral soil carbon and nitrogen stock at bare soil (melkozem) plots at the middle location of the site as compared with the non affected control site. The recovery of disturbed areas began with the re-establishment of plant cover and the following accumulation of an organic soil layer. During the 35-year succession (L1972), the accumulated layer (0 layer)at the oldest site contained similar C- and N stocks to those found at the control sites. However, the mineral soil C- and N stocks and the microbial biomass even of the oldest landslide area- did not reach the value of these parameters in control plots. Later, the soil respiration level and the eco-physiological status of soil microbiota also recovered due to these changes. This study demonstrates that the recovery after landslides in permafrost forests takes several decades. In addition, the degradation of permafrost due to landslides clearly hinders the accumulation of soil organic matter in the mineral soil. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved. KW - Landslides KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Permafrost KW - Soil C- and N stocks KW - Boreal ecosystems KW - Soil respiration Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.468 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 657 SP - 351 EP - 364 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dallmeyer, A. A1 - Claussen, M. A1 - Fischer, N. A1 - Haberkorn, K. A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Pfeiffer, M. A1 - Jin, L. A1 - Khon, V. A1 - Wang, Y. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - The evolution of sub-monsoon systems in the Afro-Asian monsoon region during the Holocene - comparison of different transient climate model simulations JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - The recently proposed global monsoon hypothesis interprets monsoon systems as part of one global-scale atmospheric overturning circulation, implying a connection between the regional monsoon systems and an in-phase behaviour of all northern hemispheric monsoons on annual timescales (Trenberth et al., 2000). Whether this concept can be applied to past climates and variability on longer timescales is still under debate, because the monsoon systems exhibit different regional characteristics such as different seasonality (i. e. onset, peak and withdrawal). To investigate the interconnection of different monsoon systems during the pre-industrial Holocene, five transient global climate model simulations have been analysed with respect to the rainfall trend and variability in different sub-domains of the Afro-Asian monsoon region. Our analysis suggests that on millennial timescales with varying orbital forcing, the monsoons do not behave as a tightly connected global system. According to the models, the Indian and North African monsoons are coupled, showing similar rainfall trend and moderate correlation in centennial rainfall variability in all models. The East Asian monsoon changes independently during the Holocene. The dissimilarities in the seasonality of the monsoon sub-systems lead to a stronger response of the North African and Indian monsoon systems to the Holocene insolation forcing than of the East Asian monsoon and affect the seasonal distribution of Holocene rainfall variations. Within the Indian and North African monsoon domain, precipitation solely changes during the summer months, showing a decreasing Holocene precipitation trend. In the East Asian monsoon region, the precipitation signal is determined by an increasing precipitation trend during spring and a decreasing precipitation change during summer, partly balancing each other. A synthesis of reconstructions and the model results do not reveal an impact of the different seasonality on the timing of the Holocene rainfall optimum in the different sub-monsoon systems. Rather they indicate locally inhomogeneous rainfall changes and show that single palaeo-records should not be used to characterise the rainfall change and monsoon evolution for entire monsoon sub-systems. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-305-2015 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 305 EP - 326 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dallmeyer, Anne A1 - Claussen, M. A1 - Fischer, N. A1 - Haberkorn, K. A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Pfeiffer, M. A1 - Jin, L. A1 - Khon, Vyacheslav A1 - Wang, Y. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - The evolution of sub-monsoon systems in the Afro-Asian monsoon region during the Holocene BT - comparison of different transient climate model simulations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The recently proposed global monsoon hypothesis interprets monsoon systems as part of one global-scale atmospheric overturning circulation, implying a connection between the regional monsoon systems and an in-phase behaviour of all northern hemispheric monsoons on annual timescales (Trenberth et al., 2000). Whether this concept can be applied to past climates and variability on longer timescales is still under debate, because the monsoon systems exhibit different regional characteristics such as different seasonality (i. e. onset, peak and withdrawal). To investigate the interconnection of different monsoon systems during the pre-industrial Holocene, five transient global climate model simulations have been analysed with respect to the rainfall trend and variability in different sub-domains of the Afro-Asian monsoon region. Our analysis suggests that on millennial timescales with varying orbital forcing, the monsoons do not behave as a tightly connected global system. According to the models, the Indian and North African monsoons are coupled, showing similar rainfall trend and moderate correlation in centennial rainfall variability in all models. The East Asian monsoon changes independently during the Holocene. The dissimilarities in the seasonality of the monsoon sub-systems lead to a stronger response of the North African and Indian monsoon systems to the Holocene insolation forcing than of the East Asian monsoon and affect the seasonal distribution of Holocene rainfall variations. Within the Indian and North African monsoon domain, precipitation solely changes during the summer months, showing a decreasing Holocene precipitation trend. In the East Asian monsoon region, the precipitation signal is determined by an increasing precipitation trend during spring and a decreasing precipitation change during summer, partly balancing each other. A synthesis of reconstructions and the model results do not reveal an impact of the different seasonality on the timing of the Holocene rainfall optimum in the different sub-monsoon systems. Rather they indicate locally inhomogeneous rainfall changes and show that single palaeo-records should not be used to characterise the rainfall change and monsoon evolution for entire monsoon sub-systems. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 587 KW - summer monsoon KW - global monsoon KW - indian monsoon KW - high-resolution KW - cave records KW - variability KW - precipitation KW - circulation KW - insolation KW - rainfall Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409727 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 587 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Kounaves, Samuel P. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Devine, Kevin G. A1 - de Vera, Jean-Pierre A1 - Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Parro, Victor A1 - Kaupenjohann, Martin A1 - Galy, Albert A1 - Schneider, Beate A1 - Airo, Alessandro A1 - Froesler, Jan A1 - Davila, Alfonso F. A1 - Arens, Felix L. A1 - Caceres, Luis A1 - Cornejo, Francisco Solis A1 - Carrizo, Daniel A1 - Dartnell, Lewis A1 - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne A1 - Flury, Markus A1 - Ganzert, Lars A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Grathwohl, Peter A1 - Guan, Lisa A1 - Heinz, Jacob A1 - Hess, Matthias A1 - Keppler, Frank A1 - Maus, Deborah A1 - McKay, Christopher P. A1 - Meckenstock, Rainer U. A1 - Montgomery, Wren A1 - Oberlin, Elizabeth A. A1 - Probst, Alexander J. A1 - Saenz, Johan S. A1 - Sattler, Tobias A1 - Schirmack, Janosch A1 - Sephton, Mark A. A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Uhl, Jenny A1 - Valenzuela, Bernardita A1 - Vestergaard, Gisle A1 - Woermer, Lars A1 - Zamorano, Pedro T1 - Transitory microbial habitat in the hyperarid Atacama Desert JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America KW - habitat KW - aridity KW - microbial activity KW - biomarker KW - Mars Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714341115 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 115 IS - 11 SP - 2670 EP - 2675 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER -