TY - JOUR A1 - Koenig, Julian A1 - Abler, Birgit A1 - Agartz, Ingrid A1 - akerstedt, Torbjorn A1 - Andreassen, Ole A. A1 - Anthony, Mia A1 - Baer, Karl-Juergen A1 - Bertsch, Katja A1 - Brown, Rebecca C. A1 - Brunner, Romuald A1 - Carnevali, Luca A1 - Critchley, Hugo D. A1 - Cullen, Kathryn R. A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. A1 - de la Cruz, Feliberto A1 - Dziobek, Isabel A1 - Ferger, Marc D. A1 - Fischer, Hakan A1 - Flor, Herta A1 - Gaebler, Michael A1 - Gianaros, Peter J. A1 - Giummarra, Melita J. A1 - Greening, Steven G. A1 - Guendelman, Simon A1 - Heathers, James A. J. A1 - Herpertz, Sabine C. A1 - Hu, Mandy X. A1 - Jentschke, Sebastian A1 - Kaess, Michael A1 - Kaufmann, Tobias A1 - Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie A1 - Koelsch, Stefan A1 - Krauch, Marlene A1 - Kumral, Deniz A1 - Lamers, Femke A1 - Lee, Tae-Ho A1 - Lekander, Mats A1 - Lin, Feng A1 - Lotze, Martin A1 - Makovac, Elena A1 - Mancini, Matteo A1 - Mancke, Falk A1 - Mansson, Kristoffer N. T. A1 - Manuck, Stephen B. A1 - Mather, Mara A1 - Meeten, Frances A1 - Min, Jungwon A1 - Mueller, Bryon A1 - Muench, Vera A1 - Nees, Frauke A1 - Nga, Lin A1 - Nilsonne, Gustav A1 - Ordonez Acuna, Daniela A1 - Osnes, Berge A1 - Ottaviani, Cristina A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Ponzio, Allison A1 - Poudel, Govinda R. A1 - Reinelt, Janis A1 - Ren, Ping A1 - Sakaki, Michiko A1 - Schumann, Andy A1 - Sorensen, Lin A1 - Specht, Karsten A1 - Straub, Joana A1 - Tamm, Sandra A1 - Thai, Michelle A1 - Thayer, Julian F. A1 - Ubani, Benjamin A1 - van Der Mee, Denise J. A1 - van Velzen, Laura S. A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Villringer, Arno A1 - Watson, David R. A1 - Wei, Luqing A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Schreiner, Melinda Westlund A1 - Westlye, Lars T. A1 - Weymar, Mathias A1 - Winkelmann, Tobias A1 - Wu, Guo-Rong A1 - Yoo, Hyun Joo A1 - Quintana, Daniel S. T1 - Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan BT - a cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis JF - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research N2 - Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS-or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research. KW - aging KW - autonomic nervous system KW - cortical thickness KW - heart rate KW - heart KW - rate variability KW - sex Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13688 SN - 0048-5772 SN - 1469-8986 VL - 58 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beerenwinkel, Niko A1 - Sing, Tobias A1 - Lengauer, Thomas A1 - Rahnenfuhrer, Joerg A1 - Roomp, Kirsten A1 - Savenkov, Igor A1 - Fischer, Roman A1 - Hoffmann, Daniel A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Korn, Klaus A1 - Walter, Hauke A1 - Berg, Thomas A1 - Braun, Patrick A1 - Faetkenheuer, Gerd A1 - Oette, Mark A1 - Rockstroh, Juergen A1 - Kupfer, Bernd A1 - Kaiser, Rolf A1 - Daeumer, Martin T1 - Computational methods for the design of effective therapies against drug resistant HIV strains N2 - The development of drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of HIV infection. The extraordinary replication dynamics of HIV facilitates its escape from selective pressure exerted by the human immune system and by combination drug therapy. We have developed several computational methods whose combined use can support the design of optimal antiretroviral therapies based on viral genomic data Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Sebastian Tobias A1 - Ptacnik, Robert A1 - Hillebrand, Helmut A1 - Bessler, Holger A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Ebeling, Anne A1 - Eisenhauer, Nico A1 - Engels, Christof A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Halle, Stefan A1 - Klein, Alexandra-Maria A1 - Oelmann, Yvonne A1 - Roscher, Christiane A1 - Rottstock, Tanja A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Scheu, Stefan A1 - Schmid, Bernhard A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Temperton, Vicky M. A1 - Tscharntke, Teja A1 - Voigt, Winfried A1 - Weigelt, Alexandra A1 - Wilcke, Wolfgang A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships depend on identity and number of measured functions JF - Nature Ecology & Evolution N2 - Biodiversity ensures ecosystem functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services, but it remains unclear how biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships depend on the identity and number of functions considered. Here, we demonstrate that ecosystem multifunctionality, based on 82 indicator variables of ecosystem functions in a grassland biodiversity experiment, increases strongly with increasing biodiversity. Analysing subsets of functions showed that the effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality were stronger when more functions were included and that the strength of the biodiversity effects depended on the identity of the functions included. Limits to multifunctionality arose from negative correlations among functions and functions that were not correlated with biodiversity. Our findings underline that the management of ecosystems for the protection of biodiversity cannot be replaced by managing for particular ecosystem functions or services and emphasize the need for specific management to protect biodiversity. More plant species from the experimental pool of 60 species contributed to functioning when more functions were considered. An individual contribution to multifunctionality could be demonstrated for only a fraction of the species. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0391-4 SN - 2397-334X VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 49 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shilon, I. A1 - Kraus, M. A1 - Büchele, M. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Fischer, Tobias A1 - Holch, Tim Lukas A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Schwanke, U. A1 - Steppa, Constantin Beverly A1 - Funk, Stefan T1 - Application of deep learning methods to analysis of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes data JF - Astroparticle physics N2 - Ground based gamma-ray observations with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) play a significant role in the discovery of very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters. The analysis of IACT data demands a highly efficient background rejection technique, as well as methods to accurately determine the position of its source in the sky and the energy of the recorded gamma-ray. We present results for background rejection and signal direction reconstruction from first studies of a novel data analysis scheme for IACT measurements. The new analysis is based on a set of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) applied to images from the four H.E.S.S. phase-I telescopes. As the H.E.S.S. cameras pixels are arranged in a hexagonal array, we demonstrate two ways to use such image data to train CNNs: by resampling the images to a square grid and by applying modified convolution kernels that conserve the hexagonal grid properties. The networks were trained on sets of Monte-Carlo simulated events and tested on both simulations and measured data from the H.E.S.S. array. A comparison between the CNN analysis to current state-of-the-art algorithms reveals a clear improvement in background rejection performance. When applied to H.E.S.S. observation data, the CNN direction reconstruction performs at a similar level as traditional methods. These results serve as a proof-of-concept for the application of CNNs to the analysis of events recorded by IACTs. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. KW - Gamma-ray astronomy KW - IACT KW - Analysis technique KW - Deep learning KW - Convolutional neural networks KW - Recurrent neural networks Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.10.003 SN - 0927-6505 SN - 1873-2852 VL - 105 SP - 44 EP - 53 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guiet, Amandine A1 - Goebel, Caren A1 - Klingan, Katharina A1 - Lublow, Michael A1 - Reier, Tobias A1 - Vainio, Ulla A1 - Kraehnert, Ralph A1 - Schlaad, Helmut A1 - Strasser, Peter A1 - Zaharieva, Ivelina A1 - Dau, Holger A1 - Driess, Matthias A1 - Polte, Joerg A1 - Fischer, Anna T1 - Hydrophobic Nanoreactor Soft-Templating: A Supramolecular Approach to Yolk@Shell Materials JF - Advanced functional materials N2 - Due to their unique morphology-related properties, yolk@shell materials are promising materials for catalysis, drug delivery, energy conversion, and storage. Despite their proven potential, large-scale applications are however limited due to demanding synthesis protocols. Overcoming these limitations, a simple soft-templated approach for the one-pot synthesis of yolk@shell nanocomposites and in particular of multicore metal nanoparticle@metal oxide nanostructures (M-NP@MOx) is introduced. The approach here, as demonstrated for Au-NP@ITOTR (ITOTR standing for tin-rich ITO), relies on polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) inverse micelles as two compartment nanoreactor templates. While the hydrophilic P4VP core incorporates the hydrophilic metal precursor, the hydrophobic PS corona takes up the hydrophobic metal oxide precursor. As a result, interfacial reactions between the precursors can take place, leading to the formation of yolk@shell structures in solution. Once calcined these micelles yield Au-NP@ITOTR nanostructures, composed of multiple 6 nm sized Au NPs strongly anchored onto the inner surface of porous 35 nm sized ITOTR hollow spheres. Although of multicore nature, only limited sintering of the metal nanoparticles is observed at high temperatures (700 degrees C). In addition, the as-synthesized yolk@shell structures exhibit high and stable activity toward CO electrooxidation, thus demonstrating the applicability of our approach for the design of functional yolk@shell nanocatalysts. KW - inverse micelles KW - nanoreactor KW - polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) KW - soft-templating KW - tin-rich ITO KW - yolk@shell materials Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201502388 SN - 1616-301X SN - 1616-3028 VL - 25 IS - 39 SP - 6228 EP - 6240 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guiet, Amandine A1 - Unmüssig, Tobias A1 - Göbel, Caren A1 - Vainio, Ulla A1 - Wollgarten, Markus A1 - Driess, Matthias A1 - Schlaad, Helmut A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Fischer, Anna T1 - Yolk@Shell Nanoarchitectures with Bimetallic Nanocores - Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications JF - Earth & planetary science letters KW - AgAu alloy nanoparticles KW - tin-rich ITO KW - yolk@shell materials KW - nanoreactor KW - soft-templating KW - inverse micelles KW - polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06595 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 8 SP - 28019 EP - 28029 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ast, Sandra A1 - Fischer, Tobias A1 - Müller, Holger A1 - Mickler, Wulfhard A1 - Schwichtenberg, Mathias A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Integration of the 1,2,3-Triazole "Click" Motif as a potent signalling element in metal ion responsive fluorescent probes JF - Chemistry - a European journal N2 - In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donoracceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative -linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na+ and K+ ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K+/Na+-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 35, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores. KW - charge transfer KW - click chemistry KW - electron transfer KW - fluorescent probes KW - metal ions Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201201575 SN - 0947-6539 VL - 19 IS - 9 SP - 2990 EP - 3005 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagen, Sven A1 - Baumann, Tobias A1 - Wagner, Hanna J. A1 - Morath, Volker A1 - Kaufmann, Beate A1 - Fischer, Adrian A1 - Bergmann, Stefan A1 - Schindler, Patrick A1 - Arndt, Katja Maren A1 - Mueller, Kristian M. T1 - Modular adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors used for cellular virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy JF - Scientific reports N2 - The pre-clinical and clinical development of viral vehicles for gene transfer increased in recent years, and a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) drug took center stage upon approval in the European Union. However, lack of standardization, inefficient purification methods and complicated retargeting limit general usability. We address these obstacles by fusing rAAV-2 capsids with two modular targeting molecules (DARPin or Affibody) specific for a cancer cell-surface marker (EGFR) while simultaneously including an affinity tag (His-tag) in a surface-exposed loop. Equipping these particles with genes coding for prodrug converting enzymes (thymidine kinase or cytosine deaminase) we demonstrate tumor marker specific transduction and prodrug-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells. Coding terminal and loop modifications in one gene enabled specific and scalable purification. Our genetic parts for viral production adhere to a standardized cloning strategy facilitating rapid prototyping of virus directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT). Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03759 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 4 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Boessenkool, Berry A1 - Fischer, Madlen A1 - Hahn, Irene A1 - Köhn, Lisei A1 - Laudan, Jonas A1 - Moran, Thomas A1 - Öztürk, Ugur A1 - Riemer, Adrian A1 - Rözer, Viktor A1 - Sieg, Tobias A1 - Vogel, Kristin A1 - Wendi, Dadiyorto A1 - Bronstert, Axel A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Die Sturzflut in Braunsbach, Mai 2016 T1 - The flash flood of Braunsbach, May 2006 BT - eine Bestandsaufnahme und Ereignisbeschreibung BT - a hydrological survey and event analysis N2 - Im Graduiertenkolleg NatRiskChange der Universität Potsdam und anderen Forschungseinrichtungen werden beobachtete sowie zukünftig mögliche Veränderungen von Naturgefahren untersucht. Teil des strukturierten Doktorandenprogramms sind sogenannte Task-Force-Einsätze, bei denen die Promovierende zeitlich begrenzt ein aktuelles Ereignis auswerten. Im Zuge dieser Aktivität wurde die Sturzflut vom 29.05.2016 in Braunsbach (Baden-Württemberg) untersucht. In diesem Bericht werden erste Auswertungen zur Einordnung der Niederschläge, zu den hydrologischen und geomorphologischen Prozessen im Einzugsgebiet des Orlacher Bachs sowie zu den verursachten Schäden beleuchtet. Die Region war Zentrum extremer Regenfälle in der Größenordnung von 100 mm innerhalb von 2 Stunden. Das 6 km² kleine Einzugsgebiet hat eine sehr schnelle Reaktionszeit, zumal bei vorgesättigtem Boden. Im steilen Bachtal haben mehrere kleinere und größere Hangrutschungen über 8000 m³ Geröll, Schutt und Schwemmholz in das Gewässer eingetragen und möglicherweise kurzzeitige Aufstauungen und Durchbrüche verursacht. Neben den großen Wassermengen mit einer Abflussspitze in einer Größenordnung von 100 m³/s hat gerade die Geschiebefracht zu großen Schäden an den Gebäuden entlang des Bachlaufs in Braunsbach geführt. N2 - The DFG graduate school “Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World” (NatRiskChange), which is located at the University of Potsdam and its partner institutions, studies previous as well as ongoing and potential future changes in the risk posed by natural hazards. The education program includes so-called task force activities, where the PhD students conduct a rapid event assessment directly after the occurrence of a hazardous natural event. Within this context the flash flood that hit the village Braunsbach (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) at May 29th, 2016 was investigated. This report summarizes first results describing the rainfall amount and intensities as well as hydrological and geomorphological processes in the corresponding catchment area of the Orlacher Bach. Further, the damages caused in Braunsbach are investigated. Rainfall intensity measures documented extreme precipitation in the area of Braunsbach with a cumulative amount of about 100 mm within 2 hours. The small catchment area, with a size of 6 km², has a small response time, especially under pre-saturated soil conditions. Several landslides, that occurred at the steep slopes of the river valley, transported more than 8000 m³ of gravel, debris and organic material into the water runoff. They may have caused temporal blockades, that collapsed after a certain amount of water accumulated. In addition to the high discharge, with peak values in the order of 100 m³/s, the high sediment content of the flash flood is mainly responsible for the large damages caused to the buildings in Braunsbach. KW - Sturzflut KW - Naturgefahren KW - Extremniederschlag KW - Schadensabschätzung KW - Hangrutschungen KW - flash flood KW - natural hazards KW - extreme precipitation KW - damage assessment KW - landslides Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394881 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerlach, Marius A1 - Preitschopf, Tobias A1 - Karaev, Emil A1 - Quitian-Lara, Heidy Mayerly A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Bozek, John A1 - Fischer, Ingo A1 - Fink, Reinhold F. T1 - Auger electron spectroscopy of fulminic acid, HCNO BT - an experimental and theoretical study JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - HCNO is a molecule of considerable astrochemical interest as a precursor to prebiotic molecules. It is synthesized by preparative pyrolysis and is unstable at room temperature. Here, we investigate its spectroscopy in the soft X-ray regime at the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s edges. All 1s ionization energies are reported and X-ray absorption spectra reveal the transitions from the 1s to the pi* state. Resonant and normal Auger electron spectra for the decay of the core hole states are recorded in a hemispherical analyzer. An assignment of the experimental spectra is provided with the aid of theoretical counterparts. The latter are using a valence configuration interaction representation of the intermediate and final state energies and wavefunctions, the one-center approximation for transition rates and band shapes according to the moment theory. The computed spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental data and most of the relevant bands are assigned. Additionally, we present a simple approach to estimate relative Auger transition rates on the basis of a minimal basis representation of the molecular orbitals. We demonstrate that this provides a qualitatively good and reliable estimate for several signals in the normal and resonant Auger electron spectra which have significantly different intensities in the decay of the three core holes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp02104h SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 24 IS - 25 SP - 15217 EP - 15229 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER -