TY  - JOUR
A1  - Davidsen, Joern
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Charalampidou, Elli-Maria
A1  - Goebel, Thomas
A1  - Stanchits, Sergei
A1  - Rueck, Marc
A1  - Dresen, Georg
T1  - Triggering Processes in Rock Fracture
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - We study triggering processes in triaxial compression experiments under a constant displacement rate on sandstone and granite samples using spatially located acoustic emission events and their focal mechanisms. We present strong evidence that event-event triggering plays an important role in the presence of large-scale or macrocopic imperfections, while such triggering is basically absent if no significant imperfections are present. In the former case, we recover all established empirical relations of aftershock seismicity including the Gutenberg-Richter relation, a modified version of the Omori-Utsu relation and the productivity relation-despite the fact that the activity is dominated by compaction-type events and triggering cascades have a swarmlike topology. For the Gutenberg-Richter relations, we find that the b value is smaller for triggered events compared to background events. Moreover, we show that triggered acoustic emission events have a focal mechanism much more similar to their associated trigger than expected by chance.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.068501
SN  - 0031-9007
SN  - 1079-7114
VL  - 119
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dresen, Georg
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Goebel, Thomas
A1  - Ben-Zion, Yehuda
T1  - Seismic and aseismic preparatory processes before large stick-slip failure
JF  - Pure and applied geophysics
N2  - Natural earthquakes often have very few observable foreshocks which significantly complicates tracking potential preparatory processes. To better characterize expected preparatory processes before failures, we study stick-slip events in a series of triaxial compression tests on faulted Westerly granite samples. We focus on the influence of fault roughness on the duration and magnitude of recordable precursors before large stick-slip failure. Rupture preparation in the experiments is detectable over long time scales and involves acoustic emission (AE) and aseismic deformation events. Preparatory fault slip is found to be accelerating during the entire pre-failure loading period, and is accompanied by increasing AE rates punctuated by distinct activity spikes associated with large slip events. Damage evolution across the fault zones and surrounding wall rocks is manifested by precursory decrease of seismic b-values and spatial correlation dimensions. Peaks in spatial event correlation suggest that large slip initiation occurs by failure of multiple asperities. Shear strain estimated from AE data represents only a small fraction (< 1%) of total shear strain accumulated during the preparation phase, implying that most precursory deformation is aseismic. The relative contribution of aseismic deformation is amplified by larger fault roughness. Similarly, seismic coupling is larger for smooth saw-cut faults compared to rough faults. The laboratory observations point towards a long-lasting and continuous preparation process leading to failure and large seismic events. The strain partitioning between aseismic and observable seismic signatures depends on fault structure and instrument resolution.
KW  - Earthquakes
KW  - rupture
KW  - stick–slip tests
KW  - seismic
KW  - aseismic
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02605-x
SN  - 0033-4553
SN  - 1420-9136
VL  - 177
IS  - 12
SP  - 5741
EP  - 5760
PB  - Springer
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Adriaans, Jule
A1  - Griese, Florian
A1  - Auspurg, Katrin
A1  - Bledow, Nona
A1  - Bohmann, Sandra
A1  - Busemeyer, Marius R.
A1  - Delhey, Jan
A1  - Goebel, Jan
A1  - Groh-Samberg, Olaf
A1  - Heckhausen, Jutta
A1  - Hinz, Thomas
A1  - Kroh, Martin
A1  - Lengfeld, Holger
A1  - Lersch, Philipp M.
A1  - Liebig, Stefan
A1  - Richter, David
A1  - Sachweh, Patrick
A1  - Schupp, Jürgen
A1  - Schwerdt, Guido
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
T1  - Dokumentation zum Entwicklungsprozess des Moduls Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit im SOEP (v38)
T2  - SOEP survey papers, series B - survey reports (Methodenberichte)
N2  - Im Rahmen eines einjährigen Entwicklungsprozesses wurde das Fragebogenmodul "Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit" unter der Leitung der Infrastruktureinrichtung SOEP entwickelt und in der 38. Welle der Haupterhebung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels erstmalig erhoben. Das finale Fragebogenmodul umfasst 43 Items zu den Themenbereichen Soziale Vergleiche, Soziale Mobilität, Sozialstaat und Nicht-materielle Ungleichheit. In der Tradition des SOEP als forschungsbasierte Infrastruktureinrichtung erfolgte die Fragebogenentwicklung in enger Zusammenarbeit mit externen Forschenden aus dem Bereich der Einstellungs- und Ungleichheitsforschung. Neben der etablierten Nutzung des SOEP Innovation Samples (SOEP-IS) für quantitative Pretests neu entwickelter Fragen kam erstmals ein kognitiver Pretest zum Einsatz. Der vorliegende Bericht dokumentiert den Entwicklungsprozess von der Konzeption bis zum finalen Fragebogen.
KW  - Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit
KW  - Fragebogenentwicklung
KW  - Pretest
KW  - SOEP
KW  - SOEP-IS
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.829765.de/diw_ssp1071.pdf
SN  - 2193-5580
VL  - 1071
PB  - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
CY  - Berlin
ER  -