TY - JOUR A1 - Thulin, Mirjam A1 - Krah, Markus A1 - Gausemeier, Bernd A1 - Mecklenburg, Frank A1 - Oehme, Annegret A1 - Tamás, Máté A1 - Gerlach, Lisa A1 - Gräbe, Viktoria A1 - Wermke, Michael A1 - Oleshkevich, Ekaterina A1 - Arnold, Rafael D. A1 - Wendehorst, Stephan A1 - Talabardon, Susanne A1 - Mays, Devi A1 - Müller, Judith A1 - Herskovitz, Yaakov A1 - Garloff, Katja A1 - Kellenbach, Katharina von A1 - Held, Marcus A1 - Grözinger, Karl Erich ED - Thulin, Mirjam ED - Krah, Markus ED - Pick, Bianca T1 - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany = Jewish Families and Kinship in the Early Modern and Modern Eras T2 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien T2 - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany N2 - The Jewish family has been the subject of much admiration and analysis, criticism and myth-making, not just but especially in modern times. As a field of inquiry, its place is at the intersection – or in the shadow – of the great topics in Jewish Studies and its contributing disciplines. Among them are the modernization and privatization of Judaism and Jewish life; integration and distinctiveness of Jews as individuals and as a group; gender roles and education. These and related questions have been the focus of modern Jewish family research, which took shape as a discipline in the 1910s. This issue of PaRDeS traces the origins of academic Jewish family research and takes stock of its development over a century, with its ruptures that have added to the importance of familial roots and continuities. A special section retrieves the founder of the field, Arthur Czellitzer (1871–1943), his biography and work from oblivion and places him in the context of early 20th-century science and Jewish life. The articles on current questions of Jewish family history reflect the topic’s potential for shedding new light on key questions in Jewish Studies past and present. Their thematic range – from 13th-century Yiddish Arthurian romances via family-based business practices in 19th-century Hungary and Germany, to concepts of Jewish parenthood in Imperial Russia – illustrates the broad interest in Jewish family research as a paradigm for early modern and modern Jewish Studies. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 26 KW - Modern Jewish history KW - family history KW - early modern history KW - Jewish Studies KW - genealogy KW - Moderne Jüdische Geschichte KW - Familiengeschichte KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Jüdische Studien KW - Genealogie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473654 SN - 978-3-86956-493-7 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 26 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauer, Daniela A1 - Stein, Christine A1 - Glatzel, Stephan A1 - Kühn, Jürgen A1 - Zarei, Mehdi A1 - Stahr, Karl T1 - Duricrusts in soils of the Alentejo (southern Portugal)-types, distribution, genesis and time of their formation JF - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation N2 - This paper reports on extremely thick and massive duricrusts in soils of two basins in the Alentejo (southern Portugal). Since different types of duricrusts (calcretes, silcretes and palycretes) have been reported from other regions in the Mediterranean, the purpose of this study was to identify the cementing agents in the duricrusts and to compare their composition in the two basins. Moreover, the study aimed at identifying the processes involved in duricrust formation, and especially the role of topography and lateral water and element transport in the landscape, and drawing conclusions about environmental conditions and time of duricrust formation. After studying an extensive number of road cuts in the field and mapping soil patterns in parts of the two basins by manual augering, ten pedons were selected for detailed description and sampling. Thin sections were analysed under a petrographic microscope, focusing on the micromorphology and optical properties of the cementing materials. Selected samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to reconfirm the optical identification. The laboratory analyses included pH, carbonate contents, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The duricrusts in the eastern Sado basin are indurated by silica. Combination of XRD and thin section analysis allowed to identify opal-CT as a major component, while opal-A is present to a lesser extent, and chalcedony is very rare. The cementing materials of the duricrusts in the Oriola basin are palygorskite and calcite, which may occur alone or in combination within a soil profile. The thick duricrusts formed in the basins through precipitation of calcite, palygorskite and silica from lateral water flows, which ran from the Serra de Portel into the basins, during short moist seasons in a generally warm, semi-arid climate with strong evapotranspiration. Lithology of the upper catchment areas (element sources) and topography control the spatial distribution of the different duricrusts. Their formation took place mainly during the Pliocene. Palygorskite transformation to smectite in the upper parts of the palycretes indicates that palygorskite is unstable in the present (more humid, typical Mediterranean) climate. This study demonstrates the potential role of lateral water and element transport in landscapes that need to be considered in pedological studies and concepts, and the use of mineral indicators of past climates such as palygorskite and the ageing stage of silica precipitations as tools for reconstructing environmental conditions and possible time of duricrust formation. KW - Duricrusts KW - Opal-A KW - Opal-CT KW - Palygorskite KW - Portugal KW - Silica Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1066-x SN - 1439-0108 SN - 1614-7480 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 1437 EP - 1453 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melchers, Peter A1 - Floß, Stephan A1 - Brandt, Ingeborg A1 - Eßer, Karl-Joseph A1 - Grimm, H. A1 - Lehmkuhl, Gerd A1 - Rauh, Hellgard A1 - Sticker, Elisabeth T1 - Entwicklungsneurologische und entwicklungspsychologische Ergänzung der Vorsorgeuntersuchungen U4 bis U9 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weyrich, Alexandra A1 - Benz, Stephanie A1 - Karl, Stephan A1 - Jeschek, Marie A1 - Jewgenow, Katarina A1 - Fickel, Jörns T1 - Paternal heat exposure causes DNA methylation and gene expression changes of Stat3 in Wild guinea pig sons JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Epigenetic mechanisms convey environmental information through generations and can regulate gene expression. Epigenetic studies in wild mammals are rare, but enable understanding adaptation processes as they may occur in nature. In most wild mammal species, males are the dispersing sex and thus often have to cope with differing habitats and thermal changes more rapidly than the often philopatric females. As temperature is a major environmental selection factor, we investigated whether genetically heterogeneous Wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) males adapt epigenetically to an increase in temperature, whether that response will be transmitted to the next generation(s), and whether it regulates mRNA expression. Five (F0) adult male guinea pigs were exposed to an increased ambient temperature for 2 months, corresponding to the duration of the species' spermatogenesis. To study the effect of heat, we focused on the main thermoregulatory organ, the liver. We analyzed CpG-methylation changes of male offspring (F1) sired before and after the fathers' heat treatment (as has recently been described in Weyrich et al. [Mol. Ecol., 2015]). Transcription analysis was performed for the three genes with the highest number of differentially methylated changes detected: the thermoregulation gene Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3), the proteolytic peptidase gene Cathepsin Z (Ctsz), and Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) with function in epigenetic regulation. Stat3 gene expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), which indicated a close link between CpG-methylation and expression levels for this gene. The two other genes did not show gene expression changes. Our results indicate the presence of a paternal transgenerational epigenetic effect. Quick adaptation to climatic changes may become increasingly relevant for the survival of wildlife species as global temperatures are rising. KW - Adaptation KW - DNA methylation KW - nonmodel species KW - Paternal effects KW - thermoregulation KW - transgenerational epigenetic inheritance Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1993 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 6 SP - 2657 EP - 2666 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER -