TY - JOUR A1 - Barlow, S. M. A1 - Greig, J. B. A1 - Bridges, J. W. A1 - Carere, A. A1 - Carpy, A. J. A1 - Galli, Corrado L. A1 - Kleiner, J. A1 - Knudsen, I. A1 - Koeter, H. B. A1 - Levy, L. S. A1 - Madsen, C. A1 - Mayer, S. A1 - Narbonne, J. F. A1 - Pfannkuch, F. A1 - Prodanchuk, M. G. A1 - Smith, Mason R. A1 - Steinberg, Pablo T1 - Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaffenroth, Veronika A1 - Barlow, Brad N. A1 - Geier, Stephan A1 - Vuckovic, Maja A1 - Kilkenny, D. A1 - Wolz, M. A1 - Kupfer, Thomas A1 - Heber, Ulrich A1 - Drechsel, H. A1 - Kimeswenger, S. A1 - Marsh, T. A1 - Wolf, M. A1 - Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos A1 - Freudenthal, Joseph A1 - Dreizler, S. A1 - Kreuzer, S. A1 - Ziegerer, E. T1 - The EREBOS project: Investigating the effect of substellar and low-mass stellar companions on late stellar evolution Survey, target selection, and atmospheric parameters JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Eclipsing post-common-envelope binaries are highly important for resolving the poorly understood, very short-lived common-envelope phase of stellar evolution. Most hot subdwarfs (sdO/Bs) are the bare helium-burning cores of red giants that have lost almost all of their hydrogen envelope. This mass loss is often triggered by common-envelope interactions with close stellar or even substellar companions. Cool companions to hot subdwarf stars such as late-type stars and brown dwarfs are detectable from characteristic light-curve variations - reflection effects and often eclipses. In the recently published catalog of eclipsing binaries in the Galactic Bulge and in the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey, we discovered 125 new eclipsing systems showing a reflection effect seen by visual inspection of the light curves and using a machine-learning algorithm, in addition to the 36 systems previously discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lesing Experiment (OGLE) team. The Eclipsing Reflection Effect Binaries from Optical Surveys (EREBOS) project aims at analyzing all newly discovered eclipsing binaries of the HW Vir type (hot subdwarf + close, cool companion) based on a spectroscopic and photometric follow up to derive the mass distribution of the companions, constrain the fraction of substellar companions, and determine the minimum mass needed to strip off the red-giant envelope. To constrain the nature of the primary we derived the absolute magnitude and the reduced proper motion of all our targets with the help of the parallaxes and proper motions measured by the Gaia mission and compared those to the Gaia white-dwarf candidate catalog. It was possible to derive the nature of a subset of our targets, for which observed spectra are available, by measuring the atmospheric parameter of the primary, confirming that less than 10% of our systems are not sdO/Bs with cool companions but are white dwarfs or central stars of planetary nebula. This large sample of eclipsing hot subdwarfs with cool companions allowed us to derive a significant period distribution for hot subdwarfs with cool companions for the first time showing that the period distribution is much broader than previously thought and is ideally suited to finding the lowest-mass companions to hot subdwarf stars. The comparison with related binary populations shows that the period distribution of HW Vir systems is very similar to WD+dM systems and central stars of planetary nebula with cool companions. In the future, several new photometric surveys will be carried out, which will further increase the sample of this project, providing the potential to test many aspects of common-envelope theory and binary evolution. KW - binaries: eclipsing KW - brown dwarfs KW - binaries: spectroscopic KW - binaries: close KW - subdwarfs KW - surveys Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936019 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 630 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ratzloff, Jeffrey K. A1 - Barlow, Brad N. A1 - Kupfer, Thomas A1 - Corcoran, Kyle A. A1 - Geier, Stephan A1 - Bauer, Evan A1 - Corbett, Henry T. A1 - Howard, Ward S. A1 - Glazier, Amy A1 - Law, Nicholas M. T1 - EVR-CB-001: An Evolving, Progenitor, White Dwarf Compact Binary Discovered with the Evryscope JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We present EVR-CB-001, the discovery of a compact binary with an extremely low-mass (0.21 +/- 0.05M(circle dot)) helium core white dwarf progenitor (pre-He WD) and an unseen low-mass (0.32 +/- 0.06M(circle dot)) helium white dwarf (He WD) companion. He WDs are thought to evolve from the remnant helium-rich core of a main-sequence star stripped during the giant phase by a close companion. Low-mass He WDs are exotic objects (only about 0.2% of WDs are thought to be less than 0.3 M-circle dot), and are expected to be found in compact binaries. Pre-He WDs are even rarer, and occupy the intermediate phase after the core is stripped, but before the star becomes a fully degenerate WD and with a larger radius (approximate to 0.2R(circle dot)) than a typical WD. The primary component of EVR-CB-001 (the pre-He WD) was originally thought to be a hot subdwarf (sdB) star from its blue color and under-luminous magnitude, characteristic of sdBs. The mass, temperature (T-eff = 18,500 +/- 500 K), and surface gravity (log(g) = 4.96 +/- 0.04) solutions from this work are lower than values for typical hot subdwarfs. The primary is likely to be a post-red-giant branch, pre-He WD contracting into a He WD, and at a stage that places it nearest to sdBs on color-magnitude and T-eff-log(g) diagrams. EVR-CB-001 is expected to evolve into a fully double degenerate, compact system that should spin down and potentially evolve into a single hot subdwarf star. Single hot subdwarfs are observed, but progenitor systems have been elusive. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3727 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 883 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esmaeilishirazifard, Elham A1 - Usher, Louise A1 - Trim, Carol A1 - Denise, Hubert A1 - Sangal, Vartul A1 - Tyson, Gregory H. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Redway, Keith F. A1 - Taylor, John D. A1 - Kremyda-Vlachou, Myrto A1 - Davies, Sam A1 - Loftus, Teresa D. A1 - Lock, Mikaella M. G. A1 - Wright, Kstir A1 - Dalby, Andrew A1 - Snyder, Lori A. S. A1 - Wuster, Wolfgang A1 - Trim, Steve A1 - Moschos, Sterghios A. T1 - Bacterial adaptation to venom in snakes and arachnida JF - Microbiology spectrum N2 - Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal species and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom sterility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of venomous animal bite wounds. IMPORTANCE Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Here, we provide evidence on venom microbiota across snakes and arachnida and report on the convergent evolution mechanisms that can facilitate adaptation to black-necked cobra venom in two independent E. faecalis strains, easily misidentified by biochemical diagnostics. Therefore, since inoculation with viable and virulence gene-harboring bacteria can occur during envenomation, acute infection risk management following envenomation is warranted, particularly for immunocompromised and malnourished victims in resource-limited settings. These results shed light on how bacteria evolve for survival in one of the most extreme environments on Earth and how venomous bites must be also treated for infections. KW - drug resistance evolution KW - extremophiles KW - genome analysis KW - microbiome KW - multidrug resistance KW - venom Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02408-21 SN - 2165-0497 VL - 10 IS - 3 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Birmingham, Ala. ER -