TY - JOUR A1 - Warrington, Nicole A1 - Beaumont, Robin A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Day, Felix R. A1 - Helgeland, Øyvind A1 - Laurin, Charles A1 - Bacelis, Jonas A1 - Peng, Shouneng A1 - Hao, Ke A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Wood, Andrew R. A1 - Mahajan, Anubha A1 - Tyrrell, Jessica A1 - Robertson, Neil R. A1 - Rayner, N. William A1 - Qiao, Zhen A1 - Moen, Gunn-Helen A1 - Vaudel, Marc A1 - Marsit, Carmen A1 - Chen, Jia A1 - Nodzenski, Michael A1 - Schnurr, Theresia M. A1 - Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P. A1 - Grarup, Niels A1 - Kooijman, Marjolein N. A1 - Li-Gao, Ruifang A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Rueedi, Rico A1 - Huikari, Ville A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Cavadino, Alana A1 - Metrustry, Sarah A1 - Cousminer, Diana L. A1 - Wu, Ying A1 - Thiering, Elisabeth Paula A1 - Wang, Carol A. A1 - Have, Christian Theil A1 - Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia A1 - Joshi, Peter K. A1 - Painter, Jodie N. A1 - Ntalla, Ioanna A1 - Myhre, Ronny A1 - Pitkänen, Niina A1 - van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. A1 - Joro, Raimo A1 - Lagou, Vasiliki A1 - Richmond, Rebecca C. A1 - Espinosa, Ana A1 - Barton, Sheila J. A1 - Inskip, Hazel M. A1 - Holloway, John W. A1 - Santa-Marina, Loreto A1 - Estivill, Xavier A1 - Ang, Wei A1 - Marsh, Julie A. A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Marullo, Letizia A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L. A1 - Murabito, Joanne M. A1 - Relton, Caroline L. A1 - Kogevinas, Manolis A1 - Chatzi, Leda A1 - Allard, Catherine A1 - Bouchard, Luigi A1 - Hivert, Marie-France A1 - Zhang, Ge A1 - Muglia, Louis J. A1 - Heikkinen, Jani A1 - Morgen, Camilla S. A1 - van Kampen, Antoine H. C. A1 - van Schaik, Barbera D. C. A1 - Mentch, Frank D. A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Scott, Robert A. A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - Hemani, Gibran A1 - Ring, Susan M. A1 - Bennett, Amanda J. A1 - Gaulton, Kyle J. A1 - Fernandez-Tajes, Juan A1 - van Zuydam, Natalie R. A1 - Medina-Gomez, Carolina A1 - de Haan, Hugoline G. A1 - Rosendaal, Frits R. A1 - Kutalik, Zoltán A1 - Marques-Vidal, Pedro A1 - Das, Shikta A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Mbarek, Hamdi A1 - Müller-Nurasyid, Martina A1 - Standl, Marie A1 - Appel, Emil V. R. A1 - Fonvig, Cilius Esmann A1 - Trier, Caecilie A1 - van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. A1 - Murcia, Mario A1 - Bustamante, Mariona A1 - Bonàs-Guarch, Sílvia A1 - Hougaard, David M. A1 - Mercader, Josep M. A1 - Linneberg, Allan A1 - Schraut, Katharina E. A1 - Lind, Penelope A. A1 - Medland, Sarah Elizabeth A1 - Shields, Beverley M. A1 - Knight, Bridget A. A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope A1 - Bartels, Meike A1 - Sánchez, Friman A1 - Stokholm, Jakob A1 - Torrents, David A1 - Vinding, Rebecca K. A1 - Willems, Sara M. A1 - Atalay, Mustafa A1 - Chawes, Bo L. A1 - Kovacs, Peter A1 - Prokopenko, Inga A1 - Tuke, Marcus A. A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh A1 - Ruth, Katherine S. A1 - Jones, Samuel E. A1 - Loh, Po-Ru A1 - Murray, Anna A1 - Weedon, Michael N. A1 - Tönjes, Anke A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer A1 - Eloranta, Aino-Maija A1 - Lakka, Timo A. A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M. A1 - Kiess, Wieland A1 - Koerner, Antje A1 - Niinikoski, Harri A1 - Pahkala, Katja A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Jacobsson, Bo A1 - Zeggini, Eleftheria A1 - Dedoussis, George V. A1 - Teo, Yik-Ying A1 - Saw, Seang-Mei A1 - Montgomery, Grant W. A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Wilson, James F. A1 - Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. A1 - Vrijheid, Martine A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. N. A1 - Hayes, M. Geoffrey A1 - Kadarmideen, Haja N. A1 - Holm, Jens-Christian A1 - Beilin, Lawrence J. A1 - Pennell, Craig E. A1 - Heinrich, Joachim A1 - Adair, Linda S. A1 - Borja, Judith B. A1 - Mohlke, Karen L. A1 - Eriksson, Johan G. A1 - Widen, Elisabeth E. A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T. A1 - Spector, Tim D. A1 - Kaehoenen, Mika A1 - Viikari, Jorma S. A1 - Lehtimaeki, Terho A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I. A1 - Sebert, Sylvain A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Bonnelykke, Klaus A1 - Murray, Jeffrey C. A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - Nohr, Ellen A. A1 - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Felix, Janine F. A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. A1 - Hansen, Torben A1 - Pisinger, Charlotta A1 - Vaag, Allan A. A1 - Pedersen, Oluf A1 - Uitterlinden, Andre G. A1 - Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Power, Christine A1 - Hypponen, Elina A1 - Scholtens, Denise M. A1 - Lowe, William L. A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J. A1 - Morris, Andrew P. A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon A1 - Grant, Struan F. A. A1 - Frayling, Timothy M. A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A. A1 - Njolstad, Pal R. A1 - Johansson, Stefan A1 - Ong, Ken K. A1 - McCarthy, Mark I. A1 - Perry, John R. B. A1 - Evans, David M. A1 - Freathy, Rachel M. T1 - Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors JF - Nature genetics N2 - Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming. Y1 - 2019 SN - 1061-4036 SN - 1546-1718 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 804 EP - + PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh A1 - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. A1 - Sovio, Ulla A1 - Taal, H. Rob A1 - Hennig, Branwen J. A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P. A1 - St Pourcain, Beate A1 - Evans, David M. A1 - Charoen, Pimphen A1 - Kaakinen, Marika A1 - Cousminer, Diana L. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Kreiner-Moller, Eskil A1 - Warrington, Nicole M. A1 - Bustamante, Mariona A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Berry, Diane J. A1 - Thiering, Elisabeth A1 - Pfab, Thiemo A1 - Barton, Sheila J. A1 - Shields, Beverley M. A1 - Kerkhof, Marjan A1 - van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. A1 - Fulford, Anthony J. A1 - Kutalik, Zoltan A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - den Hoed, Marcel A1 - Mahajan, Anubha A1 - Lindi, Virpi A1 - Goh, Liang-Kee A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Wu, Ying A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Harder, Marie N. A1 - Meirhaeghe, Aline A1 - Ntalla, Ioanna A1 - Salem, Rany M. A1 - Jameson, Karen A. A1 - Zhou, Kaixin A1 - Monies, Dorota M. A1 - Lagou, Vasiliki A1 - Kirin, Mirna A1 - Heikkinen, Jani A1 - Adair, Linda S. A1 - Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A1 - Al-Odaib, Ali A1 - Amouyel, Philippe A1 - Andersson, Ehm Astrid A1 - Bennett, Amanda J. A1 - Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. A1 - Buxton, Jessica L. A1 - Dallongeville, Jean A1 - Das, Shikta A1 - de Geus, Eco J. C. A1 - Estivill, Xavier A1 - Flexeder, Claudia A1 - Froguel, Philippe A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Godfrey, Keith M. A1 - Gottrand, Frederic A1 - Groves, Christopher J. A1 - Hansen, Torben A1 - Hirschhorn, Joel N. A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Hollegaard, Mads V. A1 - Hougaard, David M. A1 - Hyppoenen, Elina A1 - Inskip, Hazel M. A1 - Isaacs, Aaron A1 - Jorgensen, Torben A1 - Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina A1 - Kemp, John P. A1 - Kiess, Wieland A1 - Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. A1 - Klopp, Norman A1 - Knight, Bridget A. A1 - Kuzawa, Christopher W. A1 - McMahon, George A1 - Newnham, John P. A1 - Niinikoski, Harri A1 - Oostra, Ben A. A1 - Pedersen, Louise A1 - Postma, Dirkje S. A1 - Ring, Susan M. A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Robertson, Neil R. A1 - Sebert, Sylvain A1 - Simell, Olli A1 - Slowinski, Torsten A1 - Tiesler, Carla M. T. A1 - Toenjes, Anke A1 - Vaag, Allan A1 - Viikari, Jorma S. A1 - Vink, Jacqueline M. A1 - Vissing, Nadja Hawwa A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Witte, Daniel R. A1 - Zhang, Haitao A1 - Zhao, Jianhua A1 - Wilson, James F. A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Prentice, Andrew M. A1 - Meyer, Brian F. A1 - Pearson, Ewan R. A1 - Boreham, Colin A. G. A1 - Cooper, Cyrus A1 - Gillman, Matthew W. A1 - Dedoussis, George V. A1 - Moreno, Luis A. A1 - Pedersen, Oluf A1 - Saarinen, Maiju A1 - Mohlke, Karen L. A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I. A1 - Saw, Seang-Mei A1 - Lakka, Timo A. A1 - Koerner, Antje A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Ong, Ken K. A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M. A1 - Koppelman, Gerard H. A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T. A1 - Holloway, John W. A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Heinrich, Joachim A1 - Power, Chris A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - Guxens, Monica A1 - Pennell, Craig E. A1 - Bonnelykke, Klaus A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Eriksson, Johan G. A1 - Widen, Elisabeth A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon A1 - Uitterlinden, Andre G. A1 - Pouta, Anneli A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A. A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Frayling, Timothy M. A1 - McCarthy, Mark I. A1 - Grant, Struan F. A. A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. A1 - Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J. A1 - Prokopenko, Inga A1 - Freathy, Rachel M. T1 - New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism JF - Nature genetics N2 - Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2477 SN - 1061-4036 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - U115 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Leeuwen, Peter Jan A1 - Kunsch, Hans R. A1 - Nerger, Lars A1 - Potthast, Roland A1 - Reich, Sebastian T1 - Particle filters for high-dimensional geoscience applications: A review JF - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society N2 - Particle filters contain the promise of fully nonlinear data assimilation. They have been applied in numerous science areas, including the geosciences, but their application to high-dimensional geoscience systems has been limited due to their inefficiency in high-dimensional systems in standard settings. However, huge progress has been made, and this limitation is disappearing fast due to recent developments in proposal densities, the use of ideas from (optimal) transportation, the use of localization and intelligent adaptive resampling strategies. Furthermore, powerful hybrids between particle filters and ensemble Kalman filters and variational methods have been developed. We present a state-of-the-art discussion of present efforts of developing particle filters for high-dimensional nonlinear geoscience state-estimation problems, with an emphasis on atmospheric and oceanic applications, including many new ideas, derivations and unifications, highlighting hidden connections, including pseudo-code, and generating a valuable tool and guide for the community. Initial experiments show that particle filters can be competitive with present-day methods for numerical weather prediction, suggesting that they will become mainstream soon. KW - hybrids KW - localization KW - nonlinear data assimilation KW - particle filters KW - proposal densities Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3551 SN - 0035-9009 SN - 1477-870X VL - 145 IS - 723 SP - 2335 EP - 2365 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Van Leeuwen, Peter Jan A1 - Cheng, Yuan A1 - Reich, Sebastian T1 - Nonlinear data assimilation T3 - Frontiers in applied dynamical systems: reviews and tutorials ; 2 N2 - This book contains two review articles on nonlinear data assimilation that deal with closely related topics but were written and can be read independently. Both contributions focus on so-called particle filters. The first contribution by Jan van Leeuwen focuses on the potential of proposal densities. It discusses the issues with present-day particle filters and explorers new ideas for proposal densities to solve them, converging to particle filters that work well in systems of any dimension, closing the contribution with a high-dimensional example. The second contribution by Cheng and Reich discusses a unified framework for ensemble-transform particle filters. This allows one to bridge successful ensemble Kalman filters with fully nonlinear particle filters, and allows a proper introduction of localization in particle filters, which has been lacking up to now. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-319-18346-6 SN - 978-3-319-18347-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18347-3 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pathiraja, Sahani Darschika A1 - Leeuwen, Peter Jan van T1 - Multiplicative Non-Gaussian model error estimation in data assimilation JF - Journal of advances in modeling earth systems : JAMES N2 - Model uncertainty quantification is an essential component of effective data assimilation. Model errors associated with sub-grid scale processes are often represented through stochastic parameterizations of the unresolved process. Many existing Stochastic Parameterization schemes are only applicable when knowledge of the true sub-grid scale process or full observations of the coarse scale process are available, which is typically not the case in real applications. We present a methodology for estimating the statistics of sub-grid scale processes for the more realistic case that only partial observations of the coarse scale process are available. Model error realizations are estimated over a training period by minimizing their conditional sum of squared deviations given some informative covariates (e.g., state of the system), constrained by available observations and assuming that the observation errors are smaller than the model errors. From these realizations a conditional probability distribution of additive model errors given these covariates is obtained, allowing for complex non-Gaussian error structures. Random draws from this density are then used in actual ensemble data assimilation experiments. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach through numerical experiments with the multi-scale Lorenz 96 system using both small and large time scale separations between slow (coarse scale) and fast (fine scale) variables. The resulting error estimates and forecasts obtained with this new method are superior to those from two existing methods. KW - model uncertainty KW - non-Gaussian KW - data-driven KW - uncertainty KW - quantification KW - Lorenz 96 KW - sub-grid scale Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002564 SN - 1942-2466 VL - 14 IS - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedl, Maik A1 - van Leeuwen, Peter Jan A1 - Suhrbier, Alexander A1 - Malberg, Hagen A1 - Groenemeyer, Dietrich A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Wessel, Niels T1 - Testing foetal-maternal heart rate synchronization via model-based analyses N2 - The investigation of foetal reaction to internal and external conditions and stimuli is an important tool in the characterization of the developing neural integration of the foetus. An interesting example of this is the study of the interrelationship between the foetal and the maternal heart rate. Recent studies have shown a certain likelihood of occasional heart rate synchronization between mother and foetus. In the case of respiratory-induced heart rate changes, the comparison with maternal surrogates suggests that the evidence for detected synchronization is largely statistical and does not result from physiological interaction. Rather, they simply reflect a stochastic, temporary stability of two independent oscillators with time-variant frequencies. We reanalysed three datasets from that study for a more local consideration. Epochs of assumed synchronization associated with short-term regulation of the foetal heart rate were selected and compared with synchronization resulting from white noise instead of the foetal signal. Using data-driven modelling analysis, it was possible to identify the consistent influence of the heartbeat duration of maternal beats preceding the foetal beats during epochs of synchronization. These maternal beats occurred approximately one maternal respiratory cycle prior to the affected foetal beat. A similar effect could not be found in the epochs without synchronization. Simulations based on the fitted models led to a higher likelihood of synchronization in the data segments with assumed foetal-maternal interaction than in the segment without such assumed interaction. We conclude that the data-driven model-based analysis can be a useful tool for the identification of synchronization. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0277 SN - 1364-503X ER -