TY  - JOUR
A1  - Quirico, E.
A1  - Moroz, Liubov V.
A1  - Schmitt, B.
A1  - Arnold, Gabriele
A1  - Faure, M.
A1  - Beck, P.
A1  - Bonal, L.
A1  - Ciarniello, M.
A1  - Capaccioni, F.
A1  - Filacchione, G.
A1  - Erard, S.
A1  - Leyrat, C.
A1  - Bockelee-Morvan, D.
A1  - Zinzi, A.
A1  - Palomba, E.
A1  - Drossart, P.
A1  - Tosi, F.
A1  - Capria, M. T.
A1  - De Sanctis, M. C.
A1  - Raponi, A.
A1  - Fonti, S.
A1  - Mancarella, F.
A1  - Orofino, V.
A1  - Barucci, A.
A1  - Blecka, M. I.
A1  - Carlson, R.
A1  - Despan, D.
A1  - Faure, A.
A1  - Fornasier, S.
A1  - Gudipati, M. S.
A1  - Longobardo, A.
A1  - Markus, K.
A1  - Mennella, V.
A1  - Merlin, F.
A1  - Piccioni, G.
A1  - Rousseau, B.
A1  - Taylor, F.
T1  - Refractory and semi-volatile organics at the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Insights from the VIRTIS/Rosetta imaging spectrometer
JF  - Icarus : international journal of solar system studies
N2  - The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument aboard the Rosetta spacecraft has performed extensive spectral mapping of the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in the range 0.3-5 mu m. The reflectance spectra collected across the surface display a low reflectance factor over the whole spectral range, two spectral slopes in the visible and near-infrared ranges and a broad absorption band centered at 3.2 mu m. The first two of these characteristics are typical of dark small bodies of the Solar System and are difficult to interpret in terms of composition. Moreover, solar wind irradiation may modify the structure and composition of surface materials and there is no unequivocal interpretation of these spectra devoid of vibrational bands. To circumvent these problems, we consider the composition of cometary grains analyzed in the laboratory to constrain the nature of the cometary materials and consider results on surface rejuvenation and solar wind processing provided by the OSIRIS and ROSINA instruments, respectively. Our results lead to five main conclusions: (i) The low albedo of comet 67P/CG is accounted for by a dark refractory polyaromatic carbonaceous component mixed with opaque minerals. VIRTIS data do not provide direct insights into the nature of these opaque minerals. However, according to the composition of cometary grains analyzed in the laboratory, we infer that they consist of Fe-Ni alloys and FeS sulfides. (ii) A semi-volatile component, consisting of a complex mix of low weight molecular species not volatilized at T similar to 220 K, is likely a major carrier of the 3.2 p.m band. Water ice contributes significantly to this feature in the neck region but not in other regions of the comet. COOH in carboxylic acids is the only chemical group that encompasses the broad width of this feature. It appears as a highly plausible candidate along with the NH4+ ion. (iii) Photolytic/thermal residues, produced in the laboratory from interstellar ice analogs, are potentially good spectral analogs. (iv) No hydrated minerals were identified and our data support the lack of genetic links with the CI, CR and CM primitive chondrites. This concerns in particular the Orgueil chondrite, previously suspected to have been of cometary origin. (v) The comparison between fresh and aged terrains revealed no effect of solar wind irradiation on the 3.2 mu m band. This is consistent with the presence of efficient resurfacing processes such as dust transport from the interior to the surface, as revealed by the OSIRIS camera. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Comets
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Spectrophotometry
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.028
SN  - 0019-1035
SN  - 1090-2643
VL  - 272
SP  - 32
EP  - 47
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rousseau, Batiste
A1  - Erard, Stéphane
A1  - Beck, P.
A1  - Quirico, Eric
A1  - Schmitt, B.
A1  - Brissaud, O.
A1  - Montes-Hernandez, G.
A1  - Capaccioni, F.
A1  - Filacchione, Gianrico
A1  - Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique
A1  - Leyrat, C.
A1  - Ciarniello, M.
A1  - Raponi, Andrea
A1  - Kappel, David
A1  - Arnold, G.
A1  - Moroz, L. V.
A1  - Palomba, Ernesto
A1  - Tosi, Federico
T1  - Laboratory simulations of the Vis-NIR spectra of comet 67P using sub-mu m sized cosmochemical analogues
JF  - Icarus : international journal of solar system studies
N2  - Laboratory spectral measurements of relevant analogue materials were performed in the framework of the Rosetta mission in order to explain the surface spectral properties of comet 67P. Fine powders of coal, iron sulphides, silicates and their mixtures were prepared and their spectra measured in the Vis-IR range. These spectra are compared to a reference spectrum of 67P nucleus obtained with the VIRTIS/Rosetta instrument up to 2.7 mu m, excluding the organics band centred at 3.2 mu m. The species used are known to be chemical analogues for cometary materials which could be present at the surface of 67P. Grain sizes of the powders range from tens of nanometres to hundreds of micrometres. Some of the mixtures studied here actually reach the very low reflectance level observed by VIRTIS on 67P. The best match is provided by a mixture of sub-micron coal, pyrrhotite, and silicates. Grain sizes are in agreement with the sizes of the dust particles detected by the GIADA, MIDAS and COSIMA instruments on board Rosetta. The coal used in the experiment is responsible for the spectral slope in the visible and infrared ranges. Pyrrhotite, which is strongly absorbing, is responsible for the low albedo observed in the NIR. The darkest components dominate the spectra, especially within intimate mixtures. Depending on sample preparation, pyrrhotite can coat the coal and silicate aggregates. Such coating effects can affect the spectra as much as particle size. In contrast, silicates seem to play a minor role. (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Comets
KW  - Comets nucleus
KW  - Comets composition
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Experimental techniques
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.015
SN  - 0019-1035
SN  - 1090-2643
VL  - 306
SP  - 306
EP  - 318
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yuan, X. H
A1  - Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir
A1  - Kind, Rainer
A1  - Oncken, Onno
A1  - Bock, Günter
A1  - Asch, Günter
A1  - Schurr, B.
A1  - Gräber, F.
A1  - Rudloff, Alexander
A1  - Hanka, W.
A1  - Wylegalla, Kurt
A1  - Tibi, R.
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Rietbrock, Andreas
A1  - Giese, Peter
A1  - Wigger, Peter
A1  - Rower, P.
A1  - Zandt, G.
A1  - Beck, S.
A1  - Wallace, T.
A1  - Pardo, M.
A1  - Comte, D.
T1  - Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes constrained by converted seismic phases
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seitz, Aaron P.
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Baker, Jennifer
A1  - Soddemann, Matthias
A1  - Wilker, Barbara
A1  - Caldwell, Charles C.
A1  - Gobble, Ryan M.
A1  - Kamler, Markus
A1  - Becker, Katrin Anne
A1  - Beck, Sascha
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Edwards, Michael J.
A1  - Gulbins, Erich
T1  - Sphingosine-coating of plastic surfaces prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia
JF  - Journal of molecular medicine
N2  - Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Here, we employed the broad antibacterial effects of sphingosine to prevent VAP by developing a novel method of coating surfaces of endotracheal tubes with sphingosine and sphingosine analogs. Sphingosine and phytosphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes prevent adherence and mediate killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, even in biofilms. Most importantly, sphingosine-coating of endotracheal tubes also prevented P. aeruginosa and S. aureus pneumonia in vivo. Coating of the tubes with sphingosine was stable, without obvious side effects on tracheal epithelial cells and did not induce inflammation. In summary, we describe a novel method to coat plastic surfaces and provide evidence for the application of sphingosine and phytosphingosine as novel antimicrobial coatings to prevent bacterial adherence and induce killing of pathogens on the surface of endotracheal tubes with potential to prevent biofilm formation and VAP.Key messagesNovel dip-coating method to coat plastic surfaces with lipids.Sphingosine and phytosphingosine as novel antimicrobial coatings on plastic surface.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes prevent bacterial adherence and biofilms.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes induce killing of pathogens.Sphingosine coatings of endotracheal tubes ventilator-associated pneumonia.
KW  - Coating
KW  - Plastic surfaces
KW  - Sphingosine
KW  - Ventilation
KW  - Acinetobacter baumannii
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-019-01800-1
SN  - 0946-2716
SN  - 1432-1440
VL  - 97
IS  - 8
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1211
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Cohen, Abby
A1  - Campisano, Christopher
A1  - Arrowsmith, J. Ramon
A1  - Asrat, Asfawossen
A1  - Behrensmeyer, A. K.
A1  - Deino, A.
A1  - Feibel, C.
A1  - Hill, A.
A1  - Johnson, R.
A1  - Kingston, J.
A1  - Lamb, Henry F.
A1  - Lowenstein, T.
A1  - Noren, A.
A1  - Olago, D.
A1  - Owen, Richard Bernhart
A1  - Potts, R.
A1  - Reed, Kate
A1  - Renaut, R.
A1  - Schäbitz, Frank
A1  - Tiercelin, J.-J.
A1  - Trauth, Martin  H.
A1  - Wynn, J.
A1  - Ivory, S.
A1  - Brady, K.
A1  - O’Grady, R.
A1  - Rodysill, J.
A1  - Githiri, J.
A1  - Russell, Joellen
A1  - Foerster, Verena
A1  - Dommain, René
A1  - Rucina, J. S.
A1  - Deocampo, D.
A1  - Russell, J.
A1  - Billingsley, A.
A1  - Beck, C.
A1  - Dorenbeck, G.
A1  - Dullo, L.
A1  - Feary, D.
A1  - Garello, D.
A1  - Gromig, R.
A1  - Johnson, T.
A1  - Junginger, Annett
A1  - Karanja, M.
A1  - Kimburi, E.
A1  - Mbuthia, A.
A1  - McCartney, Tannis
A1  - McNulty, E.
A1  - Muiruri, V.
A1  - Nambiro, E.
A1  - Negash, E. W.
A1  - Njagi, D.
A1  - Wilson, J. N.
A1  - Rabideaux, N.
A1  - Raub, Timothy
A1  - Sier, Mark Jan
A1  - Smith, P.
A1  - Urban, J.
A1  - Warren, M.
A1  - Yadeta, M.
A1  - Yost, Chad
A1  - Zinaye, B.
T1  - The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project
BT  - inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The role that climate and environmental history may have played in influencing human evolution has been the focus of considerable interest and controversy among paleoanthropologists for decades. Prior attempts to understand the environmental history side of this equation have centered around the study of outcrop sediments and fossils adjacent to where fossil hominins (ancestors or close relatives of modern humans) are found, or from the study of deep sea drill cores. However, outcrop sediments are often highly weathered and thus are unsuitable for some types of paleoclimatic records, and deep sea core records come from long distances away from the actual fossil and stone tool remains. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) was developed to address these issues. The project has focused its efforts on the eastern African Rift Valley, where much of the evidence for early hominins has been recovered. We have collected about 2 km of sediment drill core from six basins in Kenya and Ethiopia, in lake deposits immediately adjacent to important fossil hominin and archaeological sites. Collectively these cores cover in time many of the key transitions and critical intervals in human evolutionary history over the last 4 Ma, such as the earliest stone tools, the origin of our own genus Homo, and the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Here we document the initial field, physical property, and core description results of the 2012-2014 HSPDP coring campaign.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 611 
KW  - Turkana-Basin
KW  - Adar formation
KW  - climate-change
KW  - olorgesailie formation
KW  - Southern Ethiopia
KW  - global climate
KW  - Kenya Rift
KW  - Pleistocene
KW  - variability
KW  - patterns
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412498
IS  - 611
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cohen, Andrew
A1  - Campisano, C.
A1  - Arrowsmith, J. Ramón
A1  - Asrat, Asfawossen
A1  - Behrensmeyer, A. K.
A1  - Deino, A.
A1  - Feibel, C.
A1  - Hill, A.
A1  - Johnson, R.
A1  - Kingston, J.
A1  - Lamb, Henry F.
A1  - Lowenstein, T.
A1  - Noren, A.
A1  - Olago, D.
A1  - Owen, R. B.
A1  - Potts, R.
A1  - Reed, Kate
A1  - Renaut, R.
A1  - Schäbitz, Frank
A1  - Tiercelin, J. -J.
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Wynn, J.
A1  - Ivory, S.
A1  - Brady, K.
A1  - Rodysill, J.
A1  - Githiri, J.
A1  - Russell, J.
A1  - Förster, Verena
A1  - Dommain, René
A1  - Rucina, S.
A1  - Deocampo, D.
A1  - Russell, J.
A1  - Billingsley, A.
A1  - Beck, C.
A1  - Dorenbeck, G.
A1  - Dullo, L.
A1  - Feary, D.
A1  - Garello, D.
A1  - Gromig, R.
A1  - Johnson, T.
A1  - Junginger, A.
A1  - Karanja, M.
A1  - Kimburi, E.
A1  - Mbuthia, A.
A1  - McCartney, T.
A1  - McNulty, E.
A1  - Muiruri, V.
A1  - Nambiro, E.
A1  - Negash, E. W.
A1  - Njagi, D.
A1  - Wilson, J. N.
A1  - Rabideaux, N.
A1  - Raub, T.
A1  - Sier, M. J.
A1  - Smith, P.
A1  - Urban, J.
A1  - Warren, M.
A1  - Yadeta, M.
A1  - Yost, C.
A1  - Zinaye, B.
T1  - The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits
JF  - Scientific Drilling
N2  - The role that climate and environmental history may have played in influencing human evolution has been the focus of considerable interest and controversy among paleoanthropologists for decades. Prior attempts to understand the environmental history side of this equation have centered around the study of outcrop sediments and fossils adjacent to where fossil hominins (ancestors or close relatives of modern humans) are found, or from the study of deep sea drill cores. However, outcrop sediments are often highly weathered and thus are unsuitable for some types of paleoclimatic records, and deep sea core records come from long distances away from the actual fossil and stone tool remains. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) was developed to address these issues. The project has focused its efforts on the eastern African Rift Valley, where much of the evidence for early hominins has been recovered. We have collected about 2 km of sediment drill core from six basins in Kenya and Ethiopia, in lake deposits immediately adjacent to important fossil hominin and archaeological sites. Collectively these cores cover in time many of the key transitions and critical intervals in human evolutionary history over the last 4 Ma, such as the earliest stone tools, the origin of our own genus Homo, and the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Here we document the initial field, physical property, and core description results of the 2012-2014 HSPDP coring campaign.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-1-2016
SN  - 1816-8957
SN  - 1816-3459
VL  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  -