TY  - THES
A1  - Narayanan Madabossi, Srinivasan
T1  - Engineering hyaluronic acid / poly-L-lysine films as a platform for controlling cell behaviour
Y1  - 2012
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Husain, Samar
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Srinivasan, Narayanan
T1  - Strong expectations cancel locality effects: Evidence from Hindi
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb' is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100986
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Husain, Samar
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Srinivasan, Narayanan
T1  - Integration and prediction difficulty in Hindi sentence comprehension: Evidence from an eye-tracking corpus
JF  - Journal of Eye Movement Research
N2  - This is the first attempt at characterizing reading difficulty in Hindi using naturally occurring sentences. We created the Potsdam-Allahabad Hindi Eyetracking Corpus by recording eye-movement data from 30 participants at the University of Allahabad, India. The target stimuli were 153 sentences selected from the beta version of the Hindi-Urdu treebank. We find that word- or low-level predictors (syllable length, unigram and bigram frequency) affect first-pass reading times, regression path duration, total reading time, and outgoing saccade length. An increase in syllable length results in longer fixations, and an increase in word unigram and bigram frequency leads to shorter fixations. Longer syllable length and higher frequency lead to longer outgoing saccades. We also find that two predictors of sentence comprehension difficulty, integration and storage cost, have an effect on reading difficulty. Integration cost (Gibson, 2000) was approximated by calculating the distance (in words) between a dependent and head; and storage cost (Gibson, 2000), which measures difficulty of maintaining predictions, was estimated by counting the number of predicted heads at each point in the sentence. We find that integration cost mainly affects outgoing saccade length, and storage cost affects total reading times and outgoing saccade length. Thus, word-level predictors have an effect in both early and late measures of reading time, while predictors of sentence comprehension difficulty tend to affect later measures. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration using eye-tracking that both integration and storage cost influence reading difficulty.
KW  - reading
KW  - Hindi
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - sentence comprehension
KW  - integration cost
KW  - storage cost
Y1  - 2015
SN  - 1995-8692
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - International Group for Eye Movement Research
CY  - Bern
ER  -