TY - JOUR A1 - Mortensen, Alicja A1 - Kulling, Sabine E. A1 - Schwartz, Heidi A1 - Rowland, Ian A1 - Ruefer, Corinna E. A1 - Rimbach, Gerald A1 - Cassidy, Aedin A1 - Magee, Pamela A1 - Millar, Julie A1 - Hall, Wendy L. A1 - Kramer Birkved, Franziska A1 - Sorensen, Ilona K. A1 - Sontag, Gerhard T1 - Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects N2 - This paper provides an overview of analytical techniques used to determine isoflavones (IFs) in foods and biological fluids with main emphasis on sample preparation methods. Factors influencing the content of IFs in food including processing and natural variability are summarized and an insight into IF databases is given. Comparisons of dietary intake of IFs in Asian and Western populations, in special subgroups like vegetarians, vegans, and infants are made and our knowledge on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the human body is presented. The influences of the gut microflora, age, gender, background diet, food matrix, and the chemical nature of the IFs on the metabolism of IFs are described. Potential mechanisms by which IFs may exert their actions are reviewed, and genetic polymorphism as determinants of biological response to soy IFs is discussed. The effects of IFs on a range of health outcomes including atherosclerosis, breast, intestinal, and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cognition are reviewed on the basis of the available in vitro, in vivo animal and human data. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/109582333 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800478 SN - 1613-4125 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hülscher, Julian A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - Kallnik, Niklas A1 - Hoffmann, J. Elis A1 - Millar, Ian L. A1 - Hartmann, Kai A1 - Bernhardt, Anne T1 - Apatites record sedimentary provenance change 4-5 myrs before clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine molasse JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 +/- 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction epsilon Nd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at similar to-9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to similar to-9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (