TY - JOUR
A1 - Chen, Hao
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Mojtahedzadeh, Negin
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Soren
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
T1 - Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is associated with early hazardous alcohol use
JF - Addiction biology
N2 - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks examine the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on ongoing instrumental behaviour. Previous studies reported associations between a strong PIT effect, high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. This study investigated whether susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is linked to risky alcohol use in a community sample of 18-year-old male adults. Participants (N = 191) were instructed to 'collect good shells' and 'leave bad shells' during the presentation of appetitive (monetary reward), aversive (monetary loss) or neutral Pavlovian stimuli. We compared instrumental error rates (ER) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses between the congruent and incongruent conditions, as well as among high-risk and low-risk drinking groups. On average, individuals showed a substantial PIT effect, that is, increased ER when Pavlovian cues and instrumental stimuli were in conflict compared with congruent trials. Neural PIT correlates were found in the ventral striatum and the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC). Importantly, high-risk drinking was associated with a stronger behavioural PIT effect, a decreased lPFC response and an increased neural response in the ventral striatum on the trend level. Moreover, high-risk drinkers showed weaker connectivity from the ventral striatum to the lPFC during incongruent trials. Our study links interference during PIT to drinking behaviour in healthy, young adults. High-risk drinkers showed higher susceptibility to Pavlovian cues, especially when they conflicted with instrumental behaviour, indicating lower interference control abilities. Increased activity in the ventral striatum (bottom-up), decreased lPFC response (top-down), and their altered interplay may contribute to poor interference control in the high-risk drinkers.
KW - high‐risk drinking
KW - interference control
KW - Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12983
SN - 1355-6215
SN - 1369-1600
VL - 26
IS - 4
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Kroemer, Nils B.
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Mueller, Dirk K.
A1 - Scholl, Lucie
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
T1 - No association of goal-directed and habitual control with alcohol consumption in young adults
JF - Addiction biology
N2 - Alcohol dependence is a mental disorder that has been associated with an imbalance in behavioral control favoring model-free habitual over model-based goal-directed strategies. It is as yet unknown, however, whether such an imbalance reflects a predisposing vulnerability or results as a consequence of repeated and/or excessive alcohol exposure. We, therefore, examined the association of alcohol consumption with model-based goal-directed and model-free habitual control in 188 18-year-old social drinkers in a two-step sequential decision-making task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging before prolonged alcohol misuse could have led to severe neurobiological adaptations. Behaviorally, participants showed a mixture of model-free and model-based decision-making as observed previously. Measures of impulsivity were positively related to alcohol consumption. In contrast, neither model-free nor model-based decision weights nor the trade-off between them were associated with alcohol consumption. There were also no significant associations between alcohol consumption and neural correlates of model-free or model-based decision quantities in either ventral striatum or ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Exploratory whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses with a lenient threshold revealed early onset of drinking to be associated with an enhanced representation of model-free reward prediction errors in the posterior putamen. These results suggest that an imbalance between model-based goal-directed and model-free habitual control might rather not be a trait marker of alcohol intake per se.
KW - alcohol
KW - goal-directed
KW - reinforcement learning
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12490
SN - 1355-6215
SN - 1369-1600
VL - 23
IS - 1
SP - 379
EP - 393
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Neurobiological correlates of learning and decision-making in alcohol dependence
T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.084
SN - 0924-9338
SN - 1778-3585
VL - 41
SP - S11
EP - S11
PB - Elsevier
CY - Paris
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Büchel, Christian
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Desrivières, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri
A1 - Paus, Tomáš
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT - a marker of IQ malleability?
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 950
KW - genome-wide association
KW - reward anticipation
KW - human intelligence
KW - human brain
KW - stress
KW - metaanalysis
KW - striatum
KW - psychopathology
KW - prediction
KW - volume
KW - epigenetics and behaviour
KW - human behaviour
KW - learning and memory
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425687
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 950
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Laura, Daedelow
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Buechel, Christian
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1 - Paus, Tomas
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael
A1 - Froehner, Juliane
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Variance in Dopaminergic Markers
BT - a possible marker of individual differences in IQ?
T2 - Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry
KW - Intelligence
KW - Dopamine
KW - Epigenetic Biomarkers
KW - Reward Anticipation
KW - Polygenic Risk Score
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.311
SN - 0006-3223
SN - 1873-2402
VL - 83
IS - 9
SP - S118
EP - S118
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Chen, Hao
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Mojtahedzadeh, Negin
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Soren
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
T1 - Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is associated with early hazardous alcohol use
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks examine the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on ongoing instrumental behaviour. Previous studies reported associations between a strong PIT effect, high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. This study investigated whether susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is linked to risky alcohol use in a community sample of 18-year-old male adults. Participants (N = 191) were instructed to 'collect good shells' and 'leave bad shells' during the presentation of appetitive (monetary reward), aversive (monetary loss) or neutral Pavlovian stimuli. We compared instrumental error rates (ER) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses between the congruent and incongruent conditions, as well as among high-risk and low-risk drinking groups. On average, individuals showed a substantial PIT effect, that is, increased ER when Pavlovian cues and instrumental stimuli were in conflict compared with congruent trials. Neural PIT correlates were found in the ventral striatum and the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC). Importantly, high-risk drinking was associated with a stronger behavioural PIT effect, a decreased lPFC response and an increased neural response in the ventral striatum on the trend level. Moreover, high-risk drinkers showed weaker connectivity from the ventral striatum to the lPFC during incongruent trials. Our study links interference during PIT to drinking behaviour in healthy, young adults. High-risk drinkers showed higher susceptibility to Pavlovian cues, especially when they conflicted with instrumental behaviour, indicating lower interference control abilities. Increased activity in the ventral striatum (bottom-up), decreased lPFC response (top-down), and their altered interplay may contribute to poor interference control in the high-risk drinkers.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 855
KW - high‐risk drinking
KW - interference control
KW - Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569609
SN - 1866-8364
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil
A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1 - Bromberg, Uli
A1 - Büchel, Christian
A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Flor, Herta
A1 - Frouin, Vincent
A1 - Garavan, Hugh
A1 - Gowland, Penny
A1 - Ittermann, Bernd
A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere
A1 - Nees, Frauke
A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1 - Paus, Tomas
A1 - Poustka, Luise
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Whelan, Robert
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor
BT - a marker of IQ malleability?
JF - Translational Psychiatry
N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7
SN - 2158-3188
VL - 8
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Friedel, Eva
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Hägele, Claudia
A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Liu, Shuyan
A1 - Eichmann, Uta
A1 - Beck, Anne
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Sterzer, Philipp
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
T1 - Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk
JF - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry
N2 - The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = -3.86, p < .001), but not in healthy controls (t = -0.92, p = .36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t((30)) = 2.06, p < .05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors.
KW - Alcohol dependence
KW - Human neuroimaging
KW - Nucleus accumbens
KW - Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
KW - Relapse
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0860-4
SN - 0940-1334
SN - 1433-8491
VL - 269
IS - 3
SP - 295
EP - 308
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Juenger, Elisabeth
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine
A1 - Javadi, Amir-Homayoun
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
T1 - Processing speed enhances model-based over model-free reinforcement learning in the presence of high working memory functioning
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine the link to cognitive abilities, and find that individual differences in processing speed covary with a shift from model-free to model-based choice control in the presence of above-average working memory function. This suggests shared cognitive and neural processes; provides a bridge between literatures on intelligence and valuation; and may guide the development of process models of different valuation components. Furthermore, it provides a rationale for individual differences in the tendency to deploy valuation systems, which may be important for understanding the manifold neuropsychiatric diseases associated with malfunctions of valuation.
KW - decision-making
KW - reward
KW - cognitive abilities
KW - model-based and model-free learning
KW - fluid intelligence
KW - habitual and goal-directed system
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01450
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 5
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Friedel, Eva
A1 - Veer, Ilya M.
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Ripke, Stephan
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers
BT - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2 - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW - amygdala
KW - alcohol
KW - polygenic risk
KW - high risk drinkers
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081188
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 8
IS - 8
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Nebe, Stefan
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Haegele, Claudia
A1 - Keller, Juergen
A1 - Juenger, Elisabeth
A1 - Kathmann, Norbert
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
T1 - Model-based and model-free decisions in alcohol dependence
JF - Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography
N2 - Background: Human and animal work suggests a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision-making in addiction. However, the evidence for this in human alcohol dependence is as yet inconclusive. Methods: Twenty-six healthy controls and 26 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients underwent behavioral testing with a 2-step task designed to disentangle goal-directed and habitual response patterns. Results: Alcohol-dependent patients showed less evidence of goal-directed choices than healthy controls, particularly after losses. There was no difference in the strength of the habitual component. The group differences did not survive controlling for performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol use appears to selectively impair goal-directed function, rather than promoting habitual responding. It appears to do so particularly after nonrewards, and this may be mediated by the effects of alcohol on more general cognitive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex.
KW - Alcohol dependence
KW - Decision-making
KW - Reinforcement learning
KW - Dopamine
KW - Computational psychiatry
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000362840
SN - 0302-282X
SN - 1423-0224
VL - 70
IS - 2
SP - 122
EP - 131
PB - Karger
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Friedel, Eva
A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine
A1 - Koch, Stefan P.
A1 - Steinacher, Bruno
A1 - Kathmann, Norbert
A1 - Geurts, Dirk E. M.
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Mueller, Dirk K.
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Paul, Soeren
A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Walter, Henrik
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Sterzer, Philipp
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects in the nucleus accumbens relate to relapse in alcohol dependence
JF - Addiction biology
N2 - In detoxified alcohol-dependent patients, alcohol-related stimuli can promote relapse. However, to date, the mechanisms by which contextual stimuli promote relapse have not been elucidated in detail. One hypothesis is that such contextual stimuli directly stimulate the motivation to drink via associated brain regions like the ventral striatum and thus promote alcohol seeking, intake and relapse. Pavlovian-to-Instrumental-Transfer (PIT) may be one of those behavioral phenomena contributing to relapse, capturing how Pavlovian conditioned (contextual) cues determine instrumental behavior (e.g. alcohol seeking and intake). We used a PIT paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the effects of classically conditioned Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental choices in n=31 detoxified patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence and n=24 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Patients were followed up over a period of 3 months. We observed that (1) there was a significant behavioral PIT effect for all participants, which was significantly more pronounced in alcohol-dependent patients; (2) PIT was significantly associated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in subsequent relapsers only; and (3) PIT-related NAcc activation was associated with, and predictive of, critical outcomes (amount of alcohol intake and relapse during a 3 months follow-up period) in alcohol-dependent patients. These observations show for the first time that PIT-related BOLD signals, as a measure of the influence of Pavlovian cues on instrumental behavior, predict alcohol intake and relapse in alcohol dependence.
KW - human Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW - nucleus accumbens
KW - relapse in alcohol use disorder
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12243
SN - 1355-6215
SN - 1369-1600
VL - 21
SP - 719
EP - 731
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Guggenmos, Matthias
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Beck, Anne
A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1 - Sommer, Christian
A1 - Frank, Robin
A1 - Neu, Peter
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
T1 - When Habits Are Dangerous: Alcohol Expectancies and Habitual Decision Making Predict Relapse in Alcohol Dependence
JF - Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry
N2 - BACKGROUND: Addiction is supposedly characterized by a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision making, thus facilitating automatic drug intake. The two-step task allows distinguishing between these mechanisms by computationally modeling goal-directed and habitual behavior as model-based and model-free control. In addicted patients, decision making may also strongly depend upon drug-associated expectations. Therefore, we investigated model-based versus model-free decision making and its neural correlates as well as alcohol expectancies in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls and assessed treatment outcome in patients. METHODS: Ninety detoxified, medication-free, alcohol-dependent patients and 96 age-and gender-matched control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during the two-step task. Alcohol expectancies were measured with the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire. Over a follow-up period of 48 weeks, 37 patients remained abstinent and 53 patients relapsed as indicated by the Alcohol Timeline Followback method. RESULTS: Patients who relapsed displayed reduced medial prefrontal cortex activation during model-based decision making. Furthermore, high alcohol expectancies were associated with low model-based control in relapsers, while the opposite was observed in abstainers and healthy control subjects. However, reduced model-based control per se was not associated with subsequent relapse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that poor treatment outcome in alcohol dependence does not simply result from a shift from model-based to model-free control but is instead dependent on the interaction between high drug expectancies and low model-based decision making. Reduced model-based medial prefrontal cortex signatures in those who relapse point to a neural correlate of relapse risk. These observations suggest that therapeutic interventions should target subjective alcohol expectancies.
KW - Alcohol dependence
KW - Alcohol expectancy
KW - Goal-directed control
KW - Medial prefrontal cortex
KW - Reinforcement learning
KW - Treatment outcome
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.019
SN - 0006-3223
SN - 1873-2402
VL - 82
SP - 847
EP - 856
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Nebe, Stephan
A1 - Garbusow, Maria
A1 - Juenger, Elisabeth
A1 - Kroemer, Nils B.
A1 - Kathmann, Norbert
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Smolka, Michael N.
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M.
T1 - Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects Rely Less on Model-based Reinforcement Learning
JF - Journal of cognitive neuroscience
N2 - Behavioral choice can be characterized along two axes. One axis distinguishes reflexive, model-free systems that slowly accumulate values through experience and a model-based system that uses knowledge to reason prospectively. The second axis distinguishes Pavlovian valuation of stimuli from instrumental valuation of actions or stimulus–action pairs. This results in four values and many possible interactions between them, with important consequences for accounts of individual variation. We here explored whether individual variation along one axis was related to individual variation along the other. Specifically, we asked whether individuals' balance between model-based and model-free learning was related to their tendency to show Pavlovian interferences with instrumental decisions. In two independent samples with a total of 243 participants, Pavlovian–instrumental transfer effects were negatively correlated with the strength of model-based reasoning in a two-step task. This suggests a potential common underlying substrate predisposing individuals to both have strong Pavlovian interference and be less model-based and provides a framework within which to interpret the observation of both effects in addiction.
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00945
SN - 0898-929X
SN - 1530-8898
VL - 28
SP - 985
EP - 995
PB - MIT Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bangeow, Petjo
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
T1 - Beurteilung und Nutzung der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie
T1 - Assessment and use of 2016 reformed psychotherapeutic guideline
BT - Teil II : Ost-West- und Stadt-Land-Vergleich
BT - part II : comparing Eastern and Western Germany as well as urban and rural areas
JF - Psychiatrische Praxis : Sozialpsychiatrie, klinische Psychiatrie, public mental health, Versorgungsforschung
N2 - Ziel der Studie Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern sich die 2016 reformierte Richtlinie im Stadt-Land- sowie im Ost-West-Vergleich auf die ambulante psychotherapeutische Arbeit und Versorgung auswirkt.
Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage unter vertragsärztlich tätigen TherapeutInnen wurde durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf verschiedene Neuerungen in der Richtlinie.
Ergebnisse Unabhängig von der Region schätzten die Befragten ein, dass die Reform zu keiner verbesserten Versorgung führte.
Im Westen und in der Stadt tätige TherapeutInnen verwiesen PatientInnen nach der Sprechstunde öfter an andere Psychotherapiepraxen, im Osten und auf dem Land tätige hingegen öfter auf andere Hilfeangebote.
Schlussfolgerung Stärkere Anreize für die psychotherapeutische Tätigkeit auf dem Land sind zu schaffen. Abbaumaßnahmen der Ost-West-Ungleichheiten in der Versorgungsdichte scheinen nötig.
N2 - Objective This article investigated whether or not the reformed psychotherapeutic guideline had different effects on outpatient psychotherapeutic work and services comparing urban and rural areas as well as eastern and western Germany.
Methods An online survey of psychotherapists was conducted. The survey included questions on various innovations within the reformed guideline.
Results Regardless of region, therapists stated overall that the reform has not led to improved psychotherapeutic care.
Therapists in the West and in urban areas referred more patients to other psychotherapeutic practices after their consultation. Therapists in the East and in rural areas referred more patients to other institutions and services.
Conclusions Psychotherapeutic work in rural areas should be better incentivized. Interventions to reduce east-west inequalities in the density of service provision seem to be necessary.
KW - Psychotherapierichtlinie
KW - Ostdeutschland
KW - Westdeutschland
KW - Stadt-Land-Vergleich
KW - psychotherapy guidelines
KW - Eastern-Western Germany
KW - urban-rural
KW - comparison
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1045-9820
SN - 0303-4259
SN - 1439-0876
VL - 47
IS - 07
SP - 383
EP - 387
PB - Thieme
CY - Stuttgart
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Drosselmeyer, Julia
A1 - Jacob, Louis
A1 - Rathmann, Wolfgang
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Kostev, Karel
T1 - Depression risk in patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis in Germany
JF - Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation
N2 - The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and its risk factors in patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated in German primary care practices. Longitudinal data from general practices (n=1072) throughout Germany were analyzed. Individuals initially diagnosed with RA (2009-2013) were identified, and 7301 patients were included and matched (1:1) to 7301 controls. The primary outcome measure was the initial diagnosis of depression within 5 years after the index date in patients with and without RA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounders. The mean age was 72.2 years (SD: 7.6 years). A total of 34.9 % of patients were men. Depression diagnoses were present in 22.0 % of the RA group and 14.3 % of the control group after a 5-year follow-up period (p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, RA was a strong risk factor for the development of depression (HR: 1.55, p < 0.001). There was significant interaction of RA and diagnosed inflammatory polyarthropathies (IP) (RA*IP interaction: p < 0.001). Furthermore, dementia, cancer, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of developing depression (p values < 0.001). The risk of depression is significantly higher in patients with late-onset RA than in patients without RA for subjects treated in primary care practices in Germany. RA patients should be screened routinely for depression in order to ensure improved treatment and management.
KW - Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis
KW - Depression
KW - Primary care
KW - Risk factors
KW - Germany
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1387-2
SN - 0962-9343
SN - 1573-2649
VL - 26
IS - 2
SP - 437
EP - 443
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1 - Zech, Philipp
A1 - Kangas, Maria
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Heißel, Andreas
T1 - Recreational Exercising and Self-Reported Cardiometabolic Diseases in German People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 768
KW - HIV
KW - exercise
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - metabolic disease
KW - sedentary
Y1 - 2022
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-552049
SN - 1866-8364
VL - 18
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ET - 21
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Balta Beylergil, Sinem
A1 - Beck, Anne
A1 - Deserno, Lorenz
A1 - Lorenz, Robert C.
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1 - Heinz, Andreas
A1 - Obermayer, Klaus
T1 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol dependence
JF - NeuroImage: Clinical : a journal of diseases affecting the nervous system
N2 - Substance-dependent individuals often lack the ability to adjust decisions flexibly in response to the changes in reward contingencies. Prediction errors (PEs) are thought to mediate flexible decision-making by updating the reward values associated with available actions. In this study, we explored whether the neurobiological correlates of PEs are altered in alcohol dependence. Behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were simultaneously acquired from 34 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and 26 healthy controls (HC) during a probabilistic reward-guided decision-making task with dynamically changing reinforcement contingencies. A hierarchical Bayesian inference method was used to fit and compare learning models with different assumptions about the amount of task-related information subjects may have inferred during the experiment. Here, we observed that the best-fitting model was a modified Rescorla-Wagner type model, the “double-update” model, which assumes that subjects infer the knowledge that reward contingencies are anti-correlated, and integrate both actual and hypothetical outcomes into their decisions. Moreover, comparison of the best-fitting model's parameters showed that ADP were less sensitive to punishments compared to HC. Hence, decisions of ADP after punishments were loosely coupled with the expected reward values assigned to them. A correlation analysis between the model-generated PEs and the fMRI data revealed a reduced association between these PEs and the BOLD activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ADP. A hemispheric asymmetry was observed in the DLPFC when positive and negative PE signals were analyzed separately. The right DLPFC activity in ADP showed a reduced correlation with positive PEs. On the other hand, ADP, particularly the patients with high dependence severity, recruited the left DLPFC to a lesser extent than HC for processing negative PE signals. These results suggest that the DLPFC, which has been linked to adaptive control of action selection, may play an important role in cognitive inflexibility observed in alcohol dependence when reinforcement contingencies change. Particularly, the left DLPFC may contribute to this impaired behavioral adaptation, possibly by impeding the extinction of the actions that no longer lead to a reward.
KW - Alcohol dependence
KW - Prediction error
KW - Reinforcement learning
KW - Reversal learning
KW - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
KW - Decision-making
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.010
SN - 2213-1582
VL - 15
SP - 80
EP - 94
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bangeow, Petjo
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
T1 - Beurteilung und Nutzung der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie
BT - Teil I: Vergleich unter den psychotherapeutischen Richtlinienverfahren
BT - Part I: A Comparison of the Psychotherapeutic Methods
JF - Psychiatrische Praxis
N2 - Objective This article investigates how aspects of 2016 reform of the German psychotherapeutic guideline were evaluated and used differently by therapists from three different psychotherapeutic treatment methods.
Methods An online survey was conducted with 987 statutory health insurance approved therapists. The questionnaire focused on various innovations in the guideline.
Results There were significant differences in the use of the broadened authority and of specific treatment services. There were also differences in the application for short-term and long-term psychotherapies as well as in the application to extend short to long-term psychotherapy.
Conclusions Elements of the guideline should be evaluated in relation to the preferred treatment method. Aspects related to the psychotherapeutic work with patients seem to be especially significant.
N2 - Ziel der Studie Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern Aspekte der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie aus Sicht der drei Richtlinienverfahren für die praktische Arbeit unterschiedlich bewertet und genutzt werden.
Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage wurde unter vertragsärztlich tätigen PsychotherapeutInnen (n = 987) durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf die unterschiedlichen Neuerungen in der Psychotherapierichtlinie.
Ergebnisse Signifikante Unterschiede wurden u. a. in der Nutzung der erweiterten Befugnisse sowie in der Abrechnung bestimmter Leistungen deutlich. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich auch in der Beantragung von Behandlungskontingenten.
Schlussfolgerung Es scheint sinnvoll, Elemente der Richtlinienreform aus der Sicht des bevorzugten Behandlungsverfahrens zu evaluieren. Jene Aspekte scheinen bedeutsam, die sich auf die unmittelbare Arbeit mit den PatientInnen beziehen.
T2 - Assessment and Use of 2016 Reformed Psychotherapeutic Guideline
KW - Psychotherapierichtlinie
KW - Richtlinienverfahren
KW - Unterschiede
KW - psychotherapy guideline
KW - psychotherapy methods
KW - differences
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1045-9801
SN - 0303-4259
SN - 1439-0876
VL - 47
IS - 3
SP - 135
EP - 141
PB - Thieme
CY - Stuttgart
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jacob, Louis
A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1 - Kostev, Karel
T1 - Long-term use of benzodiazepines in older patients in Germany
BT - a retrospective analysis
JF - Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
N2 - Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine use in older adults treated in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Methods: This study included 32,182 patients over the age of 65 years who received benzodiazepine prescriptions for the first time between January 2010 and December 2014 in general and neuropsychiatric practices in Germany. Follow up lasted until July 2016. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients treated with benzodiazepines for >6 months. Results: The proportion of patients with benzodiazepine therapy for >6 months increased with age (65-70 years: 12.3%; 71-80 years: 15.5%; 81-90 years: 23.7%; >90 years: 31.6%) but did not differ significantly between men (15.5%) and women (17.1%). The proportion of patients who received benzodiazepines for >6 months was higher among those with sleep disorders (21.1%), depression (20.8%) and dementia (32.1%) than among those with anxiety (15.5%). By contrast, this proportion was lower among people diagnosed with adjustment disorders (7.7%) and back pain (3.8%). Conclusion: Overall, long-term use of benzodiazepines is common in older people, particularly in patients over the age of 80 and in those diagnosed with dementia, sleep disorders, or depression.
KW - benzodiazepines
KW - Germany
KW - long-term use
KW - older people
KW - risk factors
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125317696454
SN - 2045-1253
SN - 2045-1261
VL - 7
IS - 6/7
SP - 191
EP - 200
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - London
ER -