TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hilscher, Martin
A1  - Braun, Michael
A1  - Richter, Michael
A1  - Leininger, Andreas
A1  - Gössel, Michael
T1  - X-tolerant test data compaction with accelerated shift registers
N2  - Using the timing flexibility of modern automatic test equipment (ATE) test response data can be compacted without the need for additional X-masking logic. In this article the test response is compacted by several multiple input shift registers without feedback (NF-MISR). The shift registers are running on a k-times higher clock frequency than the test clock. For each test clock cycle only one out of the k outputs of each shift register is evaluated by the ATE. The impact of consecutive X values within the scan chains is reduced by a periodic permutation of the NF-MISR inputs. As a result, no additional external control signals or test set dependent control logic is required. The benefits of the proposed method are shown by the example of an implementation on a Verigy ATE. Experiments on three industrial circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to a commercial DFT solution.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100286
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-009-5107-5
SN  - 0923-8174
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Stillmark, Hans-Christian
A1  - Limberg, Jörg
A1  - Götzmann, Jutta
A1  - Vogt, Jochen
A1  - Eke, Norbert Otto
A1  - Braun, Matthias
A1  - Clare, Jennifer
A1  - Grimm, Christa
A1  - Hofmann, Michael
A1  - Bauer, Gerhard
A1  - Starke, Frank
ED  - Stillmark, Hans-Christian
T1  - Peter Weiss erinnernd - Ansichten und Einsichten
N2  - Der Band versammelt verschiedenen Beiträge, die sich mit dem Leben und Werk von Peter Weiss auseinandersetzen. Die Beiträge wurden auf der Konferenz "Peter Weiss - 100" anläßlich des hundertsten Geburtstages des Autors im Jahre 2016 in Potsdam gehalten. Dabei wirkten unterschiedliche Einrichtungen und Institutionen erstmals gemeinsam im Geburtsort des Künstlers.
KW  - Peter Weiss
KW  - Erinnernungskultur
KW  - Ästhetik des Widerstands
KW  - Collage
KW  - engagierte Kunst
KW  - Auschwitz-Prozess
KW  - Dokumentartheater
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-89693-747-6
PB  - Weidler Buchverlag
CY  - Berlin
ET  - 150
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kastl, Johanna
A1  - Braun, Joachim
A1  - Prestel, Andreas
A1  - Möller, Heiko Michael
A1  - Huhn, Thomas
A1  - Mayer, Thomas U.
T1  - Mad2 Inhibitor-1 (M2I-1): A Small Molecule Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Targeting the Mitotic Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
JF  - ACS chemical biology
N2  - The genetic integrity of each organism depends on the faithful segregation of its genome during mitosis. To meet this challenge, a cellular surveillance mechanism, termed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), evolved that monitors the correct attachment of chromosomes and blocks progression through mitosis if corrections are needed. While the central role of the SAC for genome integrity is well established, its functional dissection has been hampered by the limited availability of appropriate small molecule inhibitors. Using a fluorescence polarization-based screen, we identify Mad2 inhibitor-1 (M2I-1), the first small molecule inhibitor targeting the binding of Mad2 to Cdc20, an essential protein-protein interaction (PPI) within the SAC. Based on computational and biochemical analyses, we propose that M2I-1 disturbs conformational dynamics of Mad2 critical for complex formation with Cdc20. Cellular studies revealed that M2I-1 weakens the SAC response, indicating that the compound might be active in cells. Thus, our study identifies the SAC specific complex formation between Mad2 and Cdc20 as a protein-protein interaction that can be targeted by small molecules.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.5b00121
SN  - 1554-8929
SN  - 1554-8937
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
SP  - 1661
EP  - 1666
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdo, A. A.
A1  - Ackermann, Margit
A1  - Ajello, M.
A1  - Allafort, A. J.
A1  - Baldini, L.
A1  - Ballet, J.
A1  - Barbiellini, G.
A1  - Baring, M. G.
A1  - Bastieri, D.
A1  - Bechtol, K. C.
A1  - Bellazzini, R.
A1  - Berenji, B.
A1  - Blandford, R. D.
A1  - Bloom, E. D.
A1  - Bonamente, E.
A1  - Borgland, A. W.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Brandt, T. J.
A1  - Bregeon, Johan
A1  - Brez, A.
A1  - Brigida, M.
A1  - Bruel, P.
A1  - Buehler, R.
A1  - Buson, S.
A1  - Caliandro, G. A.
A1  - Cameron, R. A.
A1  - Cannon, A.
A1  - Caraveo, P. A.
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casandjian, J. M.
A1  - Cavazzuti, E.
A1  - Cecchi, C.
A1  - Celik, O.
A1  - Charles, E.
A1  - Chekhtman, A.
A1  - Cheung, C. C.
A1  - Chiang, J.
A1  - Ciprini, S.
A1  - Claus, R.
A1  - Cohen-Tanugi, J.
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Cutini, S.
A1  - Dermer, C. D.
A1  - de Palma, F.
A1  - do Couto e Silva, E.
A1  - Drell, P. S.
A1  - Dubois, R.
A1  - Dumora, D.
A1  - Favuzzi, C.
A1  - Fegan, S. J.
A1  - Ferrara, E. C.
A1  - Focke, W. B.
A1  - Fortin, P.
A1  - Frailis, M.
A1  - Fuhrmann, L.
A1  - Fukazawa, Y.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Fusco, P.
A1  - Gargano, F.
A1  - Gasparrini, D.
A1  - Gehrels, N.
A1  - Germani, S.
A1  - Giglietto, N.
A1  - Giordano, F.
A1  - Giroletti, M.
A1  - Glanzman, T.
A1  - Godfrey, G.
A1  - Grenier, I. A.
A1  - Guillemot, L.
A1  - Guiriec, S.
A1  - Hayashida, M.
A1  - Hays, E.
A1  - Horan, D.
A1  - Hughes, R. E.
A1  - Johannesson, G.
A1  - Johnson, A. S.
A1  - Johnson, W. N.
A1  - Kadler, M.
A1  - Kamae, T.
A1  - Katagiri, H.
A1  - Kataoka, J.
A1  - Knoedlseder, J.
A1  - Kuss, M.
A1  - Lande, J.
A1  - Latronico, L.
A1  - Lee, S. -H.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Longo, F.
A1  - Loparco, F.
A1  - Lott, B.
A1  - Lovellette, M. N.
A1  - Lubrano, P.
A1  - Madejski, G. M.
A1  - Makeev, A.
A1  - Max-Moerbeck, W.
A1  - Mazziotta, Mario Nicola
A1  - McEnery, J. E.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Michelson, P. F.
A1  - Mitthumsiri, W.
A1  - Mizuno, T.
A1  - Moiseev, A. A.
A1  - Monte, C.
A1  - Monzani, M. E.
A1  - Morselli, A.
A1  - Moskalenko, I. V.
A1  - Murgia, S.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - Nishino, S.
A1  - Nolan, P. L.
A1  - Norris, J. P.
A1  - Nuss, E.
A1  - Ohsugi, T.
A1  - Okumura, A.
A1  - Omodei, N.
A1  - Orlando, E.
A1  - Ormes, J. F.
A1  - Paneque, D.
A1  - Panetta, J. H.
A1  - Parent, D.
A1  - Pavlidou, V.
A1  - Pearson, T. J.
A1  - Pelassa, V.
A1  - Pepe, M.
A1  - Pesce-Rollins, M.
A1  - Piron, F.
A1  - Porter, T. A.
A1  - Raino, S.
A1  - Rando, R.
A1  - Razzano, M.
A1  - Readhead, A.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Richards, J. L.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Ritz, S.
A1  - Roth, M.
A1  - Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.
A1  - Sanchez, D.
A1  - Sander, A.
A1  - Scargle, J. D.
A1  - Sgro, C.
A1  - Siskind, E. J.
A1  - Smith, P. D.
A1  - Spandre, G.
A1  - Spinelli, P.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Stevenson, M.
A1  - Strickman, M. S.
A1  - Sokolovsky, K. V.
A1  - Suson, D. J.
A1  - Takahashi, H.
A1  - Takahashi, T.
A1  - Tanaka, T.
A1  - Thayer, J. B.
A1  - Thayer, J. G.
A1  - Thompson, D. J.
A1  - Tibaldo, L.
A1  - Torres, F.
A1  - Tosti, G.
A1  - Tramacere, A.
A1  - Uchiyama, Y.
A1  - Usher, T. L.
A1  - Vandenbroucke, J.
A1  - Vasileiou, V.
A1  - Vilchez, N.
A1  - Vitale, V.
A1  - Waite, A. P.
A1  - Wang, P.
A1  - Wehrle, A. E.
A1  - Winer, B. L.
A1  - Wood, K. S.
A1  - Yang, Z.
A1  - Ylinen, T.
A1  - Zensus, J. A.
A1  - Ziegler, M.
A1  - Aleksic, J.
A1  - Antonelli, L. A.
A1  - Antoranz, P.
A1  - Backes, Michael
A1  - Barrio, J. A.
A1  - Gonzalez, J. Becerra
A1  - Bednarek, W.
A1  - Berdyugin, A.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Bernardini, E.
A1  - Biland, A.
A1  - Blanch Bigas, O.
A1  - Bock, R. K.
A1  - Boller, A.
A1  - Bonnoli, G.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Tridon, D. Borla
A1  - Bosch-Ramon, Valentin
A1  - Bose, D.
A1  - Braun, I.
A1  - Bretz, T.
A1  - Camara, M.
A1  - Carmona, E.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Colin, P.
A1  - Colombo, E.
A1  - Contreras, J. L.
A1  - Cortina, J.
A1  - Covino, S.
A1  - Dazzi, F.
A1  - de Angelis, A.
A1  - del Pozo, E. De Cea
A1  - De Lotto, B.
A1  - De Maria, M.
A1  - De Sabata, F.
A1  - Mendez, C. Delgado
A1  - Ortega, A. Diago
A1  - Doert, M.
A1  - Dominguez, A.
A1  - Prester, Dijana Dominis
A1  - Dorner, D.
A1  - Doro, M.
A1  - Elsaesser, D.
A1  - Ferenc, D.
A1  - Fonseca, M. V.
A1  - Font, L.
A1  - Lopen, R. J. Garcia
A1  - Garczarczyk, M.
A1  - Gaug, M.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Godinovi, N.
A1  - Hadasch, D.
A1  - Herrero, A.
A1  - Hildebrand, D.
A1  - Hoehne-Moench, D.
A1  - Hose, J.
A1  - Hrupec, D.
A1  - Jogler, T.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Kraehenbuehl, T.
A1  - Kranich, D.
A1  - Krause, J.
A1  - La Barbera, A.
A1  - Leonardo, E.
A1  - Lindfors, E.
A1  - Lombardi, S.
A1  - Lopez, M.
A1  - Lorenz, E.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - Makariev, E.
A1  - Maneva, G.
A1  - Mankuzhiyil, N.
A1  - Mannheim, K.
A1  - Maraschi, L.
A1  - Mariotti, M.
A1  - Martinez, M.
A1  - Mazin, D.
A1  - Meucci, M.
A1  - Miranda, J. M.
A1  - Mirzoyan, R.
A1  - Miyamoto, H.
A1  - Moldon, J.
A1  - Moralejo, A.
A1  - Nieto, D.
A1  - Nilsson, K.
A1  - Orito, R.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Paoletti, R.
A1  - Paredes, J. M.
A1  - Partini, S.
A1  - Pasanen, M.
A1  - Pauss, F.
A1  - Pegna, R. G.
A1  - Perez-Torres, M. A.
A1  - Persic, M.
A1  - Peruzzo, J.
A1  - Pochon, J.
A1  - Moroni, P. G. Prada
A1  - Prada, F.
A1  - Prandini, E.
A1  - Puchades, N.
A1  - Puljak, I.
A1  - Reichardt, T.
A1  - Reinthal, R.
A1  - Rhode, W.
A1  - Ribo, M.
A1  - Rico, J.
A1  - Rissi, M.
A1  - Ruegamer, S.
A1  - Saggion, A.
A1  - Saito, K.
A1  - Saito, T. Y.
A1  - Salvati, M.
A1  - Sanchez-Conde, M.
A1  - Satalecka, K.
A1  - Scalzotto, V.
A1  - Scapin, V.
A1  - Schultz, C.
A1  - Schweizer, T.
A1  - Shayduk, M.
A1  - Shore, S. N.
A1  - Sierpowska-Bartosik, A.
A1  - Sillanpaa, A.
A1  - Sitarek, J.
A1  - Sobczynska, D.
A1  - Spanier, F.
A1  - Spiro, S.
A1  - Stamerra, A.
A1  - Steinke, B.
A1  - Storz, J.
A1  - Strah, N.
A1  - Struebig, J. C.
A1  - Suric, T.
A1  - Takalo, L. O.
A1  - Tavecchio, F.
A1  - Temnikov, P.
A1  - Terzic, T.
A1  - Tescaro, D.
A1  - Teshima, M.
A1  - Vankov, H.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zandanel, F.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Acciari, V. A.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Boltuch, D.
A1  - Bradbury, S. M.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cannon, A.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dickherber, R.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Godambe, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Guenette, R.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Huang, D.
A1  - Hui, C. M.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Karlsson, N.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Konopelko, A.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - McCutcheon, M.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Ong, R.
A1  - Otte, N.
A1  - Pandel, D.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pichel, A.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Rose, H. J.
A1  - Rovero, A. C.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Senturk, G. D.
A1  - Steele, D.
A1  - Swordy, S. P.
A1  - Tesic, G.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Thibadeau, S.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Ward, J. E.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Weisgarber, T.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Wood, M.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
A1  - Villata, M.
A1  - Raiteri, C. M.
A1  - Aller, H. D.
A1  - Aller, M. F.
A1  - Arkharov, A. A.
A1  - Blinov, D. A.
A1  - Calcidese, P.
A1  - Chen, W. P.
A1  - Efimova, N. V.
A1  - Kimeridze, G.
A1  - Konstantinova, T. S.
A1  - Kopatskaya, E. N.
A1  - Koptelova, E.
A1  - Kurtanidze, O. M.
A1  - Kurtanidze, S. O.
A1  - Lahteenmaki, A.
A1  - Larionov, V. M.
A1  - Larionova, E. G.
A1  - Larionova, L. V.
A1  - Ligustri, R.
A1  - Morozova, D. A.
A1  - Nikolashvili, M. G.
A1  - Sigua, L. A.
A1  - Troitsky, I. S.
A1  - Angelakis, E.
A1  - Capalbi, M.
A1  - Carraminana, A.
A1  - Carrasco, L.
A1  - Cassaro, P.
A1  - de la Fuente, E.
A1  - Gurwell, M. A.
A1  - Kovalev, Y. Y.
A1  - Kovalev, Yu. A.
A1  - Krichbaum, T. P.
A1  - Krimm, H. A.
A1  - Leto, Paolo
A1  - Lister, M. L.
A1  - Maccaferri, G.
A1  - Moody, J. W.
A1  - Mori, Y.
A1  - Nestoras, I.
A1  - Orlati, A.
A1  - Pagani, C.
A1  - Pace, C.
A1  - Pearson, R.
A1  - Perri, M.
A1  - Piner, B. G.
A1  - Pushkarev, A. B.
A1  - Ros, E.
A1  - Sadun, A. C.
A1  - Sakamoto, T.
A1  - Tornikoski, M.
A1  - Yatsu, Y.
A1  - Zook, A.
T1  - Insights into the high-energy gamma-Ray emission of markarian 501 fromextensive multifrequency observations in the fermi era
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude.
KW  - acceleration of particles
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501)
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/129
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 727
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Nagel, Michael
T1  - Zwischen Solidargemeinschaft und Dienstleistungsorganisation - Mitgliedschaft, Engagement, und Partizipation im Sportverein
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-7780-3375-1
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Baur, Jürgen
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Burrmann, Ulrike
A1  - Nagel, Michael
T1  - Wer macht die Vereinspolitik in Sportvereinen?
Y1  - 2003
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Sebastian
A1  - Nagel, Michael
T1  - Soziales Kapital und die assoziative Lebenswelt in Deutschland. Soziale und politische Orientierungen von Mitgliedern freiwilliger Vereinigungen in vergleichender Perspektive
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 3-89124-974-8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koshkina, Olga
A1  - Westmeier, Dana
A1  - Lang, Thomas
A1  - Bantz, Christoph
A1  - Hahlbrock, Angelina
A1  - Würth, Christian
A1  - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1  - Braun, Ulrike
A1  - Thiermann, Raphael
A1  - Weise, Christoph
A1  - Eravci, Murat
A1  - Mohr, Benjamin
A1  - Schlaad, Helmut
A1  - Stauber, Roland H.
A1  - Docter, Dominic
A1  - Bertin, Annabelle
A1  - Maskos, Michael
T1  - Tuning the Surface of Nanoparticles: Impact of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on Protein Adsorption in Serum and Cellular Uptake
JF  - Macromolecular bioscience
N2  - Due to the adsorption of biomolecules, the control of the biodistribution of nanoparticles is still one of the major challenges of nanomedicine. Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) for surface modification of nanoparticles is applied and both protein adsorption and cellular uptake of PEtOxylated nanoparticles versus nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and non-coated positively and negatively charged nanoparticles are compared. Therefore, fluorescent poly(organosiloxane) nanoparticles of 15 nm radius are synthesized, which are used as a scaffold for surface modification in a grafting onto approach. With multi-angle dynamic light scattering, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation, gel electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, it is demonstrated that protein adsorption on PEtOxylated nanoparticles is extremely low, similar as on PEGylated nanoparticles. Moreover, quantitative microscopy reveals that PEtOxylation significantly reduces the non-specific cellular uptake, particularly by macrophage-like cells. Collectively, studies demonstrate that PEtOx is a very effective alternative to PEG for stealth modification of the surface of nanoparticles.
KW  - cellular uptake
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - poly(2-ethyl-2oxazoline)
KW  - poly(ethylene glycol)
KW  - protein adsorption
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201600074
SN  - 1616-5187
SN  - 1616-5195
VL  - 16
SP  - 1287
EP  - 1300
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Braun, Michael
T1  - Sternentstehung in irregulären Galaxien : UGCA 86 und die Magellanschen Wolken
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baier, Frank W.
A1  - Lima-Neto, G. B.
A1  - Wipper, H.
A1  - Braun, Michael
T1  - Optical and X-ray structures of galaxy clusters I
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulz, Günter
A1  - Braun, Michael
A1  - Geissler, Heinz
T1  - Contributions to the structural and chemical composition of plasma chemically synthesized silica powders
Y1  - 1995
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulz, Günter
A1  - Geissler, Heinz
A1  - Braun, Michael
T1  - Properties of plasma silica powders used to SAPO molecular sieve synthesis
Y1  - 1995
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foeller, Michael
A1  - Mahmud, Hasan
A1  - Qadri, Syed M.
A1  - Gu, Shuchen
A1  - Braun, Manuel
A1  - Bobbala, Diwakar
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Lang, Florian
T1  - Endothelin B receptor stimulation inhibits suicidal erythrocyte death
N2  - Endothelins (ETs), potent endothelium-derived mediators, stimulate formation of nitric oxide, which, in turn, protects against suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface and triggered by increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)). The present study explored whether the ET1- receptor ETB influences suicidal erythrocyte death. To this end, [Ca2+](i) (Fluo3-fluorescence) and phosphatidylserine exposure (annexin V-binding) were determined utilizing FACS analysis. Energy depletion increased [Ca2+]i and phosphatidylserine-exposure, effects significantly blunted by ET1 (IC50 approximate to 100 nM) and the ETB receptor- agonist sarafotoxin 6c (IC50 approximate to 10 nM) but not by ET2 and ET3. ET1 and sarafotoxin significantly delayed the kinetics of suicidal erythrocyte death following energy depletion. ETB stimulation did not blunt the effect of Ca2+- ionophore ionomycin (1 mu M) on phosphatidylserine exposure. The in vivo significance was tested using rescued ETB- knockout (etb(-/-)) and wild-type (etb(+/+)) mice. The number of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes, of reticulocytes and spleen size were significantly larger in etb(-/-) mice than in etb(+/+)-mice. The etb(-/-) erythrocytes were more susceptible to the eryptotic effect of oxidative stress and more rapidly cleared from circulating blood than etb(+/+) erythrocytes. Finally, the spleens from etb(-/-) mice were enlarged and contained markedly more phosphatidylserine- exposing erythrocytes than spleens from etb(+/+) mice. The observations disclose a novel function of ET1, i. e., protection from suicidal erythrocyte death.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.fasebj.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1096/Fj.10-159483
SN  - 0892-6638
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
A1  - Zwiener, Christian
A1  - Abbt-Braun, Gudrun
A1  - Frimmel, Fritz Hartmann
T1  - Spectroscopic characterization of fulvic acid fractions of a contaminated groundwater
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Braun, Karl-Heinz
A1  - Brechenmacher, Thomas
A1  - Damberg, Wilhelm
A1  - Felten, Franz J.
A1  - Kampmann, Christoph
A1  - Koerner, Hans-Michael
A1  - Schindling, Anton
T1  - Editiorial
T2  - Historisches Jahrbuch
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0018-2621
VL  - 134
SP  - IX
EP  - IX
PB  - Alber
CY  - Freiburg Breisgau
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Barsuhn, Michael
A1  - Braun, Jutta
ED  - Teichler, Hans Joachim
T1  - Die Chronik der Wende- und Sporteinheit : vom Mauerfall bis zum Beitritt der fünf neuen Landessportbünde zum DSB am 15. Dezember 1990
Y1  - 2006
PB  - Bundeszentrale für polititische Bildung
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Michael
A1  - Utecht, Manuel Martin
A1  - Hebert, Andreas
A1  - Rück-Braun, Karola
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
A1  - Tegeder, Petra
T1  - Reversible Photoswitching of the Interfacial Nonlinear Optical Response
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry letters
N2  - Incorporating photochromic molecules into organic/inorganic hybrid materials may lead to photoresponsive systems. In such systems, the second-order nonlinear properties can be controlled via external stimulation with light at an appropriate wavelength. By creating photochromic molecular switches containing self-assembled monolayers on Si(111), we can demonstrate efficient reversible switching, which is accompanied by a pronounced modulation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of the system. The concept of utilizing functionalized photoswitchable Si surfaces could be a way for the generation of two-dimensional NLO switching materials, which are promising for applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jz502477m
SN  - 1948-7185
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 505
EP  - 509
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Keil, Reinhard
A1  - Konert, Johannes
A1  - Damnik, Gregor
A1  - Gierl, Mark J.
A1  - Proske, Antje
A1  - Körndle, Hermann
A1  - Narciss, Susanne
A1  - Wahl, Marina
A1  - Hölscher, Michael
A1  - Mariani, Ennio
A1  - Jaisli, Isabel
A1  - Tscherejkina, Anna
A1  - Morgiel, Anna
A1  - Moebert, Tobias
A1  - Herbstreit, Stephanie
A1  - Mäker, Daniela
A1  - Szalai, Cynthia
A1  - Braun, Iris
A1  - Kapp, Felix
A1  - Hara, Tenshi C.
A1  - Kubica, Tommy
A1  - Stumpf, Sarah
ED  - Lucke, Ulrike
ED  - Strickroth, Sven
T1  - E-Learning Symposium 2018
BT  - Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit – (k)ein Gegensatz?!
N2  - In den vergangenen Jahren sind viele E-Learning-Innovationen entstanden. Einige davon wurden auf den vergangenen E-Learning Symposien der Universität Potsdam präsentiert: Das erste E-Learning Symposium im Jahr 2012 konzentrierte sich auf unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Studierendenaktivierung und Lehrgestaltung. Das Symposium 2014 rückte vor allem die Studierenden ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit. Im Jahr 2016 kam es durch das Zusammengehen des Symposiums mit der DeLFI-Tagung zu einer Fokussierung auf technische Innovationen. Doch was ist aus den Leuchttürmen von gestern geworden, und brauchen wir überhaupt noch neue Leuchttürme? Das Symposium setzt sich in diesem Jahr unter dem Motto „Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit – (k)ein Gegensatz?“ mit mediengestützten Lehr- und Lernprozessen im universitären Kontext auseinander und reflektiert aktuelle technische sowie didaktische Entwicklungen mit Blick auf deren mittel- bis langfristigen Einsatz in der Praxis.
Dieser Tagungsband zum E-Learning Symposium 2018 an der Universität Potsdam beinhaltet eine Mischung von Forschungs- und Praxisbeiträgen aus verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und eröffnet vielschichtige Perspektiven auf das Thema E-Learning. Dabei werden die Vielfalt der didaktischen Einsatzszenarien als auch die Potentiale von Werk-zeugen und Methoden der Informatik in ihrem Zusammenspiel beleuchtet.
In seiner Keynote widmet sich Reinhard Keil dem Motto des Symposiums und geht der Nachhaltigkeit bei E-Learning-Projekten auf den Grund. Dabei analysiert und beleuchtet er anhand seiner über 15-jährigen Forschungspraxis die wichtigsten Wirkfaktoren und formuliert Empfehlungen zur Konzeption von E-Learning-Projekten. Im Gegensatz zu rein auf Kostenersparnis ausgerichteten (hochschul-)politischen Forderungen proklamiert er den Ansatz der hypothesengeleiteten Technikgestaltung, in der Nachhaltigkeit als Leitfrage oder Forschungsstrategie verstanden werden kann. In eine ähnliche Richtung geht der Beitrag von Iris Braun et al., die über Erfolgsfaktoren beim Einsatz von Audience Response Systemen in der universitären Lehre berichten.
Ein weiteres aktuelles Thema, sowohl für die Bildungstechnologie als auch in den Bildungswissenschaften allgemein, ist die Kompetenzorientierung und –modellierung. Hier geht es darum (Problemlöse-)Fähigkeiten gezielt zu beschreiben und in den Mittelpunkt der Lehre zu stellen. Johannes Konert stellt in einem eingeladenen Vortrag zwei Projekte vor, die den Prozess beginnend bei der Definition von Kompetenzen, deren Modellierung in einem semantischen maschinenlesbaren Format bis hin zur Erarbeitung von Methoden zur Kompetenzmessung und der elektronischen Zertifizierung aufzeigen. Dabei geht er auf technische Möglichkeiten, aber auch Grenzen ein. Auf einer spezifischeren Ebene beschäftigt sich Sarah Stumpf mit digitalen bzw. mediendidaktischen Kompetenzen im Lehramtsstudium und stellt ein Framework für die Förderung ebensolcher Kompetenzen bei angehenden Lehrkräften vor.
Der Einsatz von E-Learning birgt noch einige Herausforderungen. Dabei geht es oft um die Verbindung von Didaktik und Technik, den Erhalt von Aufmerksamkeit oder den Aufwand für das Erstellen von interaktiven Lehr- und Lerninhalten. Drei Beiträge in diesem Tagungsband beschäftigen sich mit dieser Thematik in unterschiedlichen Kontexten und zeigen Best-Practices und Lösungsansätze auf: Der Beitrag von Martina Wahl und Michael Hölscher behandelt den besonderen Kontext von Blended Learning-Szenarien in berufsbegleitenden Studiengängen. Um die Veröffentlichung eines global frei verfügbaren Onlinekurses abseits der großen MOOC Plattformen und den didaktischen Herausforderungen auch hinsichtlich der Motivation geht es im Beitrag von Ennio Marani und Isabel Jaisli. Schließlich schlagen Gregor Damnik et al. die automatische Erzeugung von Aufgaben zur Erhöhung von Interaktivität und Adaptivität in digitalen Lernressourcen vor, um den teilweise erheblichen Erstellungsaufwand zu reduzieren.
Zum Thema E-Learning zählen auch immer mobile Apps bzw. Spiele. Gleich zwei Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit dem Einsatz von E-Learning-Tools im Gesundheitskontext: Anna Tscherejkina und Anna Morgiel stellen in ihrem Beitrag Minispiele zum Training von sozio-emotionalen Kompetenzen für Menschen mit Autismus vor, und Stephanie Herbstreit et al. berichten vom Einsatz einer mobilen Lern-App zur Verbesserung von klinisch-praktischem Unterricht.
KW  - E-Learning
KW  - Onlinelehre
KW  - Game-based learning
KW  - Mobiles Lernen
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420711
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat
A1  - Comas-Bru, Laia
A1  - Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad
A1  - Deininger, Michael
A1  - Harrison, Sandy P.
A1  - Baker, Andy
A1  - Boyd, Meighan
A1  - Kaushal, Nikita
A1  - Ahmad, Syed Masood
A1  - Brahim, Yassine Ait
A1  - Arienzo, Monica
A1  - Bajo, Petra
A1  - Braun, Kerstin
A1  - Burstyn, Yuval
A1  - Chawchai, Sakonvan
A1  - Duan, Wuhui
A1  - Hatvani, Istvan Gabor
A1  - Hu, Jun
A1  - Kern, Zoltan
A1  - Labuhn, Inga
A1  - Lachniet, Matthew
A1  - Lechleitner, Franziska A.
A1  - Lorrey, Andrew
A1  - Perez-Mejias, Carlos
A1  - Pickering, Robyn
A1  - Scroxton, Nick
A1  - Atkinson, Tim
A1  - Ayalon, Avner
A1  - Baldini, James
A1  - Bar-Matthews, Miriam
A1  - Pablo Bernal, Juan
A1  - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin
A1  - Boch, Ronny
A1  - Borsato, Andrea
A1  - Cai, Yanjun
A1  - Carolin, Stacy
A1  - Cheng, Hai
A1  - Columbu, Andrea
A1  - Couchoud, Isabelle
A1  - Cruz, Francisco
A1  - Demeny, Attila
A1  - Dominguez-Villar, David
A1  - Dragusin, Virgil
A1  - Drysdale, Russell
A1  - Ersek, Vasile
A1  - Finne, Martin
A1  - Fleitmann, Dominik
A1  - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd
A1  - Frappier, Amy
A1  - Genty, Dominique
A1  - Holzkamper, Steffen
A1  - Hopley, Philip
A1  - Kathayat, Gayatri
A1  - Keenan-Jones, Duncan
A1  - Koltai, Gabriella
A1  - Luetscher, Marc
A1  - Li, Ting-Yong
A1  - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
A1  - Markowska, Monika
A1  - Mattey, Dave
A1  - McDermott, Frank
A1  - Moreno, Ana
A1  - Moseley, Gina
A1  - Nehme, Carole
A1  - Novello, Valdir F.
A1  - Psomiadis, David
A1  - Rehfeld, Kira
A1  - Ruan, Jiaoyang
A1  - Sekhon, Natasha
A1  - Sha, Lijuan
A1  - Sholz, Denis
A1  - Shopov, Yavor
A1  - Smith, Andrew
A1  - Strikis, Nicolas
A1  - Treble, Pauline
A1  - Unal-Imer, Ezgi
A1  - Vaks, Anton
A1  - Vansteenberge, Stef
A1  - Veiga-Pires, Cristina
A1  - Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo
A1  - Wang, Xianfeng
A1  - Wong, Corinne
A1  - Wortham, Barbara
A1  - Wurtzel, Jennifer
A1  - Zong, Baoyun
T1  - The SISAL database
BT  - a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems
JF  - Earth System Science Data
N2  - Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide "out-of-sample" evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (delta O-18, delta C-13) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1687-2018
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SP  - 1687
EP  - 1713
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Comas-Bru, Laia
A1  - Harrison, Sandy P.
A1  - Werner, Martin
A1  - Rehfeld, Kira
A1  - Scroxton, Nick
A1  - Veiga-Pires, Cristina
A1  - Ahmad, Syed Masood
A1  - Brahim, Yassine Ait
A1  - Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad
A1  - Arienzo, Monica
A1  - Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat
A1  - Baker, Andy
A1  - Braun, Kerstin
A1  - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin
A1  - Burstyn, Yuval
A1  - Chawchai, Sakonvan
A1  - Columbu, Andrea
A1  - Deininger, Michael
A1  - Demeny, Attila
A1  - Dixon, Bronwyn
A1  - Hatvani, Istvan Gabor
A1  - Hu, Jun
A1  - Kaushal, Nikita
A1  - Kern, Zoltan
A1  - Labuhn, Inga
A1  - Lachniet, Matthew S.
A1  - Lechleitner, Franziska A.
A1  - Lorrey, Andrew
A1  - Markowska, Monika
A1  - Nehme, Carole
A1  - Novello, Valdir F.
A1  - Oster, Jessica
A1  - Perez-Mejias, Carlos
A1  - Pickering, Robyn
A1  - Sekhon, Natasha
A1  - Wang, Xianfeng
A1  - Warken, Sophie
A1  - Atkinson, Tim
A1  - Ayalon, Avner
A1  - Baldini, James
A1  - Bar-Matthews, Miryam
A1  - Bernal, Juan Pablo
A1  - Boch, Ronny
A1  - Borsato, Andrea
A1  - Boyd, Meighan
A1  - Brierley, Chris
A1  - Cai, Yanjun
A1  - Carolin, Stacy
A1  - Cheng, Hai
A1  - Constantin, Silviu
A1  - Couchoud, Isabelle
A1  - Cruz, Francisco
A1  - Denniston, Rhawn
A1  - Dragusin, Virgil
A1  - Duan, Wuhui
A1  - Ersek, Vasile
A1  - Finne, Martin
A1  - Fleitmann, Dominik
A1  - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd
A1  - Frappier, Amy
A1  - Genty, Dominique
A1  - Holzkamper, Steffen
A1  - Hopley, Philip
A1  - Johnston, Vanessa
A1  - Kathayat, Gayatri
A1  - Keenan-Jones, Duncan
A1  - Koltai, Gabriella
A1  - Li, Ting-Yong
A1  - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
A1  - Luetscher, Marc
A1  - Mattey, Dave
A1  - Moreno, Ana
A1  - Moseley, Gina
A1  - Psomiadis, David
A1  - Ruan, Jiaoyang
A1  - Scholz, Denis
A1  - Sha, Lijuan
A1  - Smith, Andrew Christopher
A1  - Strikis, Nicolas
A1  - Treble, Pauline
A1  - Unal-Imer, Ezgi
A1  - Vaks, Anton
A1  - Vansteenberge, Stef
A1  - Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G.
A1  - Wong, Corinne
A1  - Wortham, Barbara
A1  - Wurtzel, Jennifer
A1  - Zhang, Haiwei
T1  - Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial
JF  - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data–model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem δ18O records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data–model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on δ18O values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1557-2019
SN  - 1814-9324
SN  - 1814-9332
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1579
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dambacher, Michael
A1  - Dimigen, Olaf
A1  - Braun, Mario
A1  - Wille, Kristin
A1  - Jacobs, Arthur M.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Stimulus onset asynchrony and the timeline of word recognition: Event-related potentials during sentence reading
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Three ERP experiments examined the effect of word presentation rate (i.e., stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA) on the time course of word frequency and predictability effects in sentence reading. In Experiments 1 and 2, sentences were presented word-by-word in the screen center at an SOA of 700 and 490 ms, respectively. While these rates are typical for psycholinguistic ERP research, natural reading happens at a considerably faster pace. Accordingly. Experiment 3 employed a near-normal SOA of 280 ms, which approximated the rate of normal reading. Main results can be summarized as follows: (1) The onset latency of early frequency effects decreases gradually with increasing presentation rates. (2) An early interaction between top-down and bottom-up processing is observed only under a near-normal SOA. (3) N400 predictability effects occur later and are smaller at a near-normal (i.e., high) presentation rate than at the lower rates commonly used in ERP experiments. (4) ERP morphology is different at the shortest compared to longer SOAs. Together, the results point to a special role of a near-normal presentation rate for visual word recognition and therefore suggest that SOA should be taken into account in research of natural reading.
KW  - Word recognition
KW  - Sentence reading
KW  - Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA)
KW  - Frequency
KW  - Predictability
KW  - Event-related potentials (ERPs)
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.011
SN  - 0028-3932
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
SP  - 1852
EP  - 1870
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - de Almeida, U. Barres
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Becker, J.
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Buesching, I.
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Charbonnier, A.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Clapson, A. C.
A1  - Coignet, G.
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Gerard, L.
A1  - Gerbig, D.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goret, P.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Hauser, M.
A1  - Heinz, S.
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T1  - The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years ofmulti-wavelength oservations of M 87
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: individual (M 87)
KW  - galaxies: jets
KW  - galaxies: nuclei
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/151
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 746
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  -