TY - JOUR A1 - Fasciotti, Maira A1 - Sanvido, Gustavo B. A1 - Santos, Vanessa G. A1 - Lalli, Priscila M. A1 - McCullagh, Michael A1 - de Sa, Gilberto F. A1 - Daroda, Romeu J. A1 - Peter, Martin G. A1 - Eberlin, Marcos N. T1 - Separation of isomeric disaccharides by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry using CO2 as drift gas JF - Journal of mass spectrometr N2 - The use of CO2 as a massive and polarizable drift gas is shown to greatly improve peak-to-peak resolution (Rp-p), as compared with N2, for the separation of disaccharides in a Synapt G2 traveling wave ion mobility cell. Near or baseline Rp-p was achieved for three pairs of sodiated molecules of disaccharide isomers, that is, cellobiose and sucrose (Rp-p?=?0.76), maltose and sucrose (Rp-p?=?1.04), and maltose and lactose (Rp-p?=?0.74). Ion mobility mass spectrometry using CO2 as the drift gas offers therefore an attractive alternative for fast and efficient separation of isomeric disaccharides. KW - isomer resolution KW - oligosaccharides KW - traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry KW - polarizable drift gases Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.3089 SN - 1076-5174 VL - 47 IS - 12 SP - 1643 EP - 1647 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salzmann, Ingo A1 - Heimel, Georg A1 - Duhm, Steffen A1 - Oehzelt, Martin A1 - Pingel, Patrick A1 - George, Benjamin M. A1 - Schnegg, Alexander A1 - Lips, Klaus A1 - Blum, Ralf-Peter A1 - Vollmer, Antje A1 - Koch, Norbert T1 - Intermolecular hybridization governs molecular electrical doping JF - Physical review letters N2 - Current models for molecular electrical doping of organic semiconductors are found to be at odds with other well-established concepts in that field, like polaron formation. Addressing these inconsistencies for prototypical systems, we present experimental and theoretical evidence for intermolecular hybridization of organic semiconductor and dopant frontier molecular orbitals. Common doping-related observations are attributed to this phenomenon, and controlling the degree of hybridization emerges as a strategy for overcoming the present limitations in the yield of doping-induced charge carriers. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.035502 SN - 0031-9007 VL - 108 IS - 3 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - An allometric model of home range formation explains the structuring of animal communities exploiting heterogeneous resources JF - Oikos N2 - Understanding and predicting the composition and spatial structure of communities is a central challenge in ecology. An important structural property of animal communities is the distribution of individual home ranges. Home range formation is controlled by resource heterogeneity, the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, and their intra- and interspecific interactions. However, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of how home range formation influences community composition is still lacking. To explore the link between home range formation and community composition in heterogeneous landscapes we combine allometric relationships for physiological properties with an algorithm that selects optimal home ranges given locomotion costs, resource depletion and competition in a spatially-explicit individual-based modelling framework. From a spatial distribution of resources and an input distribution of animal body mass, our model predicts the size and location of individual home ranges as well as the individual size distribution (ISD) in an animal community. For a broad range of body mass input distributions, including empirical body mass distributions of North American and Australian mammals, our model predictions agree with independent data on the body mass scaling of home range size and individual abundance in terrestrial mammals. Model predictions are also robust against variation in habitat productivity and landscape heterogeneity. The combination of allometric relationships for locomotion costs and resource needs with resource competition in an optimal foraging framework enables us to scale from individual properties to the structure of animal communities in heterogeneous landscapes. The proposed spatially-explicit modelling concept not only allows for detailed investigation of landscape effects on animal communities, but also provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which resource competition in space shapes animal communities. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18556.x SN - 0030-1299 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 106 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scholze, Alexandra A1 - Petersen, Lise A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Rasmussen, Lars M. A1 - Tepel, Martin T1 - Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 and soluble alpha klotho in chronic kidney disease T2 - Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation Y1 - 2014 SN - 0931-0509 SN - 1460-2385 VL - 29 SP - 120 EP - 121 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janssen, Annette B. G. A1 - Arhonditsis, George B. A1 - Beusen, Arthur A1 - Bolding, Karsten A1 - Bruce, Louise A1 - Bruggeman, Jorn A1 - Couture, Raoul-Marie A1 - Downing, Andrea S. A1 - Elliott, J. Alex A1 - Frassl, Marieke A. A1 - Gal, Gideon A1 - Gerla, Daan J. A1 - Hipsey, Matthew R. A1 - Hu, Fenjuan A1 - Ives, Stephen C. A1 - Janse, Jan H. A1 - Jeppesen, Erik A1 - Joehnk, Klaus D. A1 - Kneis, David A1 - Kong, Xiangzhen A1 - Kuiper, Jan J. A1 - Lehmann, Moritz K. A1 - Lemmen, Carsten A1 - Oezkundakci, Deniz A1 - Petzoldt, Thomas A1 - Rinke, Karsten A1 - Robson, Barbara J. A1 - Sachse, Rene A1 - Schep, Sebastiaan A. A1 - Schmid, Martin A1 - Scholten, Huub A1 - Teurlincx, Sven A1 - Trolle, Dennis A1 - Troost, Tineke A. A1 - Van Dam, Anne A. A1 - Van Gerven, Luuk P. A. A1 - Weijerman, Mariska A1 - Wells, Scott A. A1 - Mooij, Wolf M. T1 - Exploring, exploiting and evolving diversity of aquatic ecosystem models: a community perspective JF - Aquatic ecology : the international forum covering research in freshwater and marine environments N2 - Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, filling in observation gaps and developing effective strategies for water quality management. In this spirit, numerous models have been developed since the 1970s. We set off to explore model diversity by making an inventory among 42 aquatic ecosystem modellers, by categorizing the resulting set of models and by analysing them for diversity. We then focus on how to exploit model diversity by comparing and combining different aspects of existing models. Finally, we discuss how model diversity came about in the past and could evolve in the future. Throughout our study, we use analogies from biodiversity research to analyse and interpret model diversity. We recommend to make models publicly available through open-source policies, to standardize documentation and technical implementation of models, and to compare models through ensemble modelling and interdisciplinary approaches. We end with our perspective on how the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling might develop in the next 5-10 years. To strive for clarity and to improve readability for non-modellers, we include a glossary. KW - Water quality KW - Ecology KW - Geochemistry KW - Hydrology KW - Hydraulics KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Physical environment KW - Socio-economics KW - Model availability KW - Standardization KW - Linking Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-015-9544-1 SN - 1386-2588 SN - 1573-5125 VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 513 EP - 548 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Goebel, Silke M. T1 - Direction counts A comparative study of spatially directional counting biases in cultures with different reading directions JF - Journal of experimental child psychology N2 - Western adults associate small numbers with left space and large numbers with right space. Where does this pervasive spatial-numerical association come from? In this study, we first recorded directional counting preferences in adults with different reading experiences (left to right, right to left, mixed, and illiterate) and observed a clear relationship between reading and counting directions. We then recorded directional counting preferences in pre-schoolers and elementary school children from three of these reading cultures (left to right, right to left, and mixed). Culture-specific counting biases existed before reading acquisition in children as young as 3 years and were subsequently modified by early reading experience. Together, our results suggest that both directional counting and scanning activities contribute to number-space associations. KW - Counting KW - Numerical cognition KW - Reading direction KW - Number-space association KW - Mental Number KW - Cross-cultural Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.12.005 SN - 0022-0965 VL - 112 IS - 2 SP - 275 EP - 281 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Türke, Manfred A1 - Andreas, Kerstin A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Kowalski, Esther A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Meyhöfer, Rainer A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Are gastropods, rather than ants, important dispersers of seeds of myrmecochorous forest herbs? JF - The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences N2 - Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is widespread, and seed adaptations to myrmecochory are common, especially in the form of fatty appendices (elaiosomes). In a recent study, slugs were identified as seed dispersers of myrmecochores in a central European beech forest. Here we used 105 beech forest sites to test whether myrmecochore presence and abundance is related to ant or gastropod abundance and whether experimentally exposed seeds are removed by gastropods. Myrmecochorous plant cover was positively related to gastropod abundance but was negatively related to ant abundance. Gastropods were responsible for most seed removal and elaiosome damage, whereas insects (and rodents) played minor roles. These gastropod effects on seeds were independent of region or forest management. We suggest that terrestrial gastropods can generally act as seed dispersers of myrmecochorous plants and even substitute myrmecochory, especially where ants are absent or uncommon. KW - myrmecochory KW - gastropodochory KW - Arion KW - slug KW - seed dispersal Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/663195 SN - 0003-0147 VL - 179 IS - 1 SP - 124 EP - 131 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Pasalic, Esther A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Lange, Patricia A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Hessenmöller, Dominik A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Differential responses of herbivores and herbivory to management in temperate Eeuropean beech JF - PLoS one N2 - Forest management not only affects biodiversity but also might alter ecosystem processes mediated by the organisms, i.e. herbivory the removal of plant biomass by plant-eating insects and other arthropod groups. Aiming at revealing general relationships between forest management and herbivory we investigated aboveground arthropod herbivory in 105 plots dominated by European beech in three different regions in Germany in the sun-exposed canopy of mature beech trees and on beech saplings in the understorey. We separately assessed damage by different guilds of herbivores, i.e. chewing, sucking and scraping herbivores, gall-forming insects and mites, and leaf-mining insects. We asked whether herbivory differs among different forest management regimes (unmanaged, uneven-aged managed, even-aged managed) and among age-classes within even-aged forests. We further tested for consistency of relationships between regions, strata and herbivore guilds. On average, almost 80% of beech leaves showed herbivory damage, and about 6% of leaf area was consumed. Chewing damage was most common, whereas leaf sucking and scraping damage were very rare. Damage was generally greater in the canopy than in the understorey, in particular for chewing and scraping damage, and the occurrence of mines. There was little difference in herbivory among differently managed forests and the effects of management on damage differed among regions, strata and damage types. Covariates such as wood volume, tree density and plant diversity weakly influenced herbivory, and effects differed between herbivory types. We conclude that despite of the relatively low number of species attacking beech; arthropod herbivory on beech is generally high. We further conclude that responses of herbivory to forest management are multifaceted and environmental factors such as forest structure variables affecting in particular microclimatic conditions are more likely to explain the variability in herbivory among beech forest plots. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104876 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 8 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marcus, Tamar A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Durka, Walter A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Drees, Claudia A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Living in Heterogeneous Woodlands - Are Habitat Continuity or Quality Drivers of Genetic Variability in a Flightless Ground Beetle? JF - PLoS one N2 - Although genetic diversity is one of the key components of biodiversity, its drivers are still not fully understood. While it is known that genetic diversity is affected both by environmental parameters as well as habitat history, these factors are not often tested together. Therefore, we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci in Abax parallelepipedus, a flightless, forest dwelling ground beetle, from 88 plots in two study regions in Germany. We modeled the effects of historical and environmental variables on allelic richness, and found for one of the regions, the Schorfheide-Chorin, a significant effect of the depth of the litter layer, which is a main component of habitat quality, and of the sampling effort, which serves as an inverse proxy for local population size. For the other region, the Schwabische Alb, none of the potential drivers showed a significant effect on allelic richness. We conclude that the genetic diversity in our study species is being driven by current local population sizes via environmental variables and not by historical processes in the studied regions. This is also supported by lack of genetic differentiation between local populations sampled from ancient and from recent woodlands. We suggest that the potential effects of former fragmentation and recolonization processes have been mitigated by the large and stable local populations of Abax parallelepipedus in combination with the proximity of the ancient and recent woodlands in the studied landscapes. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144217 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 10 IS - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - GEN A1 - Marcus, Tamar A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Durka, Walter A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Drees, Claudia A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Living in heterogeneous woodlands BT - are habitat continuity or quality drivers of genetic variability in a flightless ground beetle? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Abstract Although genetic diversity is one of the key components of biodiversity, its drivers are still not fully understood. While it is known that genetic diversity is affected both by environmental parameters as well as habitat history, these factors are not often tested together. Therefore, we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci in Abax parallelepipedus, a flightless, forest dwelling ground beetle, from 88 plots in two study regions in Germany. We modeled the effects of historical and environmental variables on allelic richness, and found for one of the regions, the Schorfheide-Chorin, a significant effect of the depth of the litter layer, which is a main component of habitat quality, and of the sampling effort, which serves as an inverse proxy for local population size. For the other region, the Schwabische Alb, none of the potential drivers showed a significant effect on allelic richness. We conclude that the genetic diversity in our study species is being driven by current local population sizes via environmental variables and not by historical processes in the studied regions. This is also supported by lack of genetic differentiation between local populations sampled from ancient and from recent woodlands. We suggest that the potential effects of former fragmentation and recolonization processes have been mitigated by the large and stable local populations of Abax parallelepipedus in combination with the proximity of the ancient and recent woodlands in the studied landscapes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 508 KW - forest management intensity KW - lichen Lobaria pulmonaria KW - past land-use KW - carabid beetles KW - distribution patterns KW - environmental-factors KW - conifer plantations KW - population-genetics KW - species composition KW - plant diversity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408451 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 508 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Positive coping styles and perigenual ACC volume: two related mechanisms for conferring resilience? JF - Frontiers in human neuroscience N2 - Stress exposure has been linked to increased rates of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly in females, and has been associated with maladaptive changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is an important brain structure involved in internalizing disorders. Coping styles are important mediators of the stress reaction by establishing homeostasis, and may thus confer resilience to stress-related psychopathology. Anatomical scans were acquired in 181 healthy participants at age 25 years. Positive coping styles were determined using a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire, SVF78) at age 22 years. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 22, 23 and 25 years with the Young Adult Self-Report. Information on previous internalizing diagnoses was obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years). Positive coping styles were associated with increased ACC volume. ACC volume and positive coping styles predicted anxiety and depression in a sex-dependent manner with increased positive coping and ACC volume being related to lower levels of psychopathology in females, but not in males. These results remained significant when controlled for previous internalizing diagnoses. These findings indicate that positive coping styles and ACC volume are two linked mechanisms, which may serve as protective factors against internalizing disorders. KW - coping styles KW - perigenual anterior cingulate cortex KW - resilience KW - anxiety disorders KW - mood disorders Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw005 SN - 1749-5016 SN - 1749-5024 VL - 11 SP - 813 EP - 820 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garofalo, F. A1 - Foti, S. A1 - Hollender, F. A1 - Bard, Pierre-Yves A1 - Cornou, C. A1 - Cox, B. R. A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias A1 - Sicilia, D. A1 - Asten, M. A1 - Di Giulio, G. A1 - Forbriger, T. A1 - Guillier, B. A1 - Hayashi, K. A1 - Martin, A. A1 - Matsushima, Satoru A1 - Mercerat, D. A1 - Poggi, V. A1 - Yamanaka, H. T1 - InterPACIFIC project: Comparison of invasive and non-invasive methods for seismic site characterization. Part I: Intra-comparison of surface wave methods JF - Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering N2 - The main scope of the InterPACIFIC (Intercomparison of methods for site parameter and velocity profile characterization) project is to assess the reliability of in-hole and surface-wave methods, used for estimating shear wave velocity. Three test-sites with different subsurface conditions were chosen: a soft soil, a stiff soil and a rock outcrop. This paper reports the surface-wave methods results. Specifically 14 teams of expert users analysed the same experimental surface-wave datasets, consisting of both passive and active data. Each team adopted their own strategy to retrieve the dispersion curve and the shear-wave velocity profile at each site. Despite different approaches, the dispersion curves are quite in agreement with each other. Conversely, the shear-wave velocity profiles show a certain variability that increases in correspondence of major stratigraphic interfaces. This larger variability is mainly due to non-uniqueness of the solution and lateral variability. As expected, the observed variability in V-s,V-30 estimatesis small, as solution non-uniqueness plays a limited role. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Surface-wave methods KW - Dispersion curve KW - Inversion KW - V-s,V-30 KW - Site characterization KW - MASW KW - Microtremors KW - Rayleigh waves KW - Geophysical methods Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.12.010 SN - 0267-7261 SN - 1879-341X VL - 82 SP - 222 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Wolf, Isabella A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Witt, Stephanie H. A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOAx Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression JF - Cerebral cortex N2 - Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOAx CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders. KW - aggression KW - amygdala KW - fMRI KW - life stress KW - MAOA Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu249 SN - 1047-3211 SN - 1460-2199 VL - 26 SP - 904 EP - 914 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Cary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muino, Jose M. A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Pajoro, Alice A1 - Geuten, Koen A1 - Vingron, Martin A1 - Angenent, Gerco C. A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Evolution of DNA-Binding Sites of a Floral Master Regulatory Transcription Factor JF - Molecular biology and evolution N2 - Flower development is controlled by the action of key regulatory transcription factors of the MADS-domain family. The function of these factors appears to be highly conserved among species based on mutant phenotypes. However, the conservation of their downstream processes is much less well understood, mostly because the evolutionary turnover and variation of their DNA-binding sites (BSs) among plant species have not yet been experimentally determined. Here, we performed comparative ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq experiments of the MADS-domain transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) in two closely related Arabidopsis species: Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata which have very similar floral organ morphology. We found that BS conservation is associated with DNA sequence conservation, the presence of the CArG-box BS motif and on the relative position of the BS to its potential target gene. Differences in genome size and structure can explain that SEP3 BSs in A. lyrata can be located more distantly to their potential target genes than their counterparts in A. thaliana. In A. lyrata, we identified transposition as a mechanism to generate novel SEP3 binding locations in the genome. Comparative gene expression analysis shows that the loss/gain of BSs is associated with a change in gene expression. In summary, this study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of DNA BSs of a floral key-regulatory transcription factor and explores factors affecting this phenomenon. KW - MADS-domain transcription factor KW - cis-regulatory evolution KW - plant development Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv210 SN - 0737-4038 SN - 1537-1719 VL - 33 SP - 185 EP - 200 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - INPR A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Göbel, Silke M. T1 - Commentary: A pointer about grasping numbers T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - numerical cognition KW - embodied cognition KW - gestures KW - numeracy training KW - mathematical cognition Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00227 VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Wolf, Isabella A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Poverty on Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume in Adulthood: Results from a Prospective Study Over 25 Years JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - Converging evidence has highlighted the association between poverty and conduct disorder (CD) without specifying neurobiological pathways. Neuroimaging research has emphasized structural and functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as one key mechanism underlying this disorder. The present study aimed to clarify the long-term influence of early poverty on OFC volume and its association with CD symptoms in healthy participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth. At age 25 years, voxel-based morphometry was applied to study brain volume differences. Poverty (0 = non-exposed (N = 134), I = exposed (N = 33)) and smoking during pregnancy were determined using a standardized parent interview, and information on maternal responsiveness was derived from videotaped mother infant interactions at the age of 3 months. CD symptoms were assessed by diagnostic interview from 8 to 19 years of age. Information on life stress was acquired at each assessment and childhood maltreatment was measured using retrospective self-report at the age of 23 years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, parental psychopathology and delinquency, obstetric adversity, parental education, and current poverty. Individuals exposed to early life poverty exhibited a lower OFC volume. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of increased CD symptoms as a consequence of childhood poverty. This effect proved statistically mediated by OFC volume and exposure to life stress and smoking during pregnancy, but not by childhood maltreatment and maternal responsiveness. These findings underline the importance of studying the impact of early life adversity on brain alterations and highlight the need for programs to decrease income-related disparities. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.277 SN - 0893-133X SN - 1740-634X VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 996 EP - 1004 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahrke, Sven A1 - Einarsson, Jon M. A1 - Gislason, Johannes A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Letzel, Matthias C. A1 - Peter-Katalinic, Jasna A1 - Peter, Martin G. T1 - Sequence analysis of chitooligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization postsource decay mass spectrometry N2 - Oligosaccharides composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) and/or 2-amino-2-deoxy-D- glucopyranose (GlcN) were prepd. by chem. degrdn. of chitin or chitosan and sepd. by gel permeation chromatog. Oligosaccharides obtained after enzymic hydrolysis of chitosan [FA 0.19] with a fungal chitinase were derivatized by reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone and sequenced by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight postsource decay (PSD) mass spectrometry (MS). The sequence of a trimer, D1A2, was established as D-A-A. The compn. of a hexamer D3A3 was .apprx.65% D-A-D-D-A-A and 35% D-D-A-D-A-A. The PSD MS of a nonamer D5A4-amac revealed four isobaric species D-X-Y-D-X-Y-D-A-A, where A is GlcNAc, D is GlcN, and X and Y (X ¹ Y) are mutually either D or A. This structure motif was also obsd. in a dodecamer D7A5 which was composed of eight isobaric sequences of the general formula (D-X-Y)3- D-A-A. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Houston, Douglas R. A1 - Shiomi, Kazuro A1 - Arai, Noriko A1 - Omura, Satoshi A1 - Peter, Martin G. A1 - Turberg, Andreas A1 - Synstad, Bjoenar A1 - Eijsink, Vincent G. H. A1 - Van Aalten, Daan M. F. T1 - High-resolution structures of a chitinase complexed with natural product cyclopentapeptide inhibitors : mimicry of carbohydrate substrate N2 - Over the past years, family 18 chitinases have been validated as potential targets for the design of drugs against human pathogens that contain or interact with chitin during their normal life cycles. Thus far, only one potent chitinase inhibitor has been described in detail, the pseudotrisaccharide allosamidin. Recently, however, two potent natural-product cyclopentapeptide chitinase inhibitors, argifin and argadin, were reported. Here, we describe high- resoln. crystal structures that reveal the details of the interactions of these cyclopeptides with a family 18 chitinase. The structures are examples of complexes of a carbohydrate-processing enzyme with high-affinity peptide-based inhibitors and show in detail how the peptide backbone and side chains mimic the interactions of the enzyme with chitooligosaccharides. Together with enzymol. characterization, the structures explain why argadin shows an order of magnitude stronger inhibition than allosamidin, whereas argifin shows weaker inhibition. The peptides bind to the chitinase in remarkably different ways, which may explain the differences in inhibition consts. The two complexes provide a basis for structure-based design of potent chitinase inhibitors, accessible by std. peptide chem. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Aalten, Daan M. F. A1 - Komander, David A1 - Synstad, Bjoenar A1 - Gaseidnes, Sigrid A1 - Peter, Martin G. A1 - Eijsink, Vincent G. H. T1 - Structural Insights into the catalytic mechanism of a family 18 exochitinase N2 - Chitinase B (ChiB) from Serratia marcescens is a family 18 exochitinase whose catalytic domain has a TIM-barrel fold with a tunnel-shaped active site. We have solved structures of three ChiB complexes that reveal details of substrate binding, substrateassisted catalysis, and product displacement. The structure of an inactive ChiB mutant (E144Q) complexed with a pentameric substrate (binding in subsites 22 to 13) shows closure of the ''roof'' of the active site tunnel. It also shows that the sugar in the 21 position is distorted to a boat conformation, thus providing structural evidence in support of a previously proposed catalytic mechanism. The structures of the active enzyme complexed to Allosamidin (an analogue of a proposed reaction intermediate) and of the active enzyme soaked with pentameric substrate show events after cleavage of the glycosidic bond. The latter structure shows reopening of the roof of the active site tunnel and enzyme-assisted product displacement in the 11 and 12 sites, allowing a water molecule to approach the reaction center. Catalysis is accompanied by correlated structural changes in the core of the TIM barrel that involve conserved polar residues whose functions were hitherto unknown. These changes simultaneously contribute to stabilization of the reaction intermediate and alternation of the pKa of the catalytic acid during the catalytic cycle. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bricks, Wolfgang A1 - Bütow, Heike A1 - Bütow, Martin A1 - Herzig, Reinhard A1 - Morgeneyer, Frank A1 - Untisz, M. T1 - Seydlitz Geographie 10 : Arbeitsheft, Gymnasium Sachsen Y1 - 2000 SN - 3-507-52529-1 PB - Schroedel CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altenbach, Alexander V. A1 - Pflaum, U. A1 - Scheibel, Thomas R. A1 - Thies, A. A1 - Timm, M. A1 - Trauth, Martin H. T1 - Scaling percentages of benthic forminifera with flux rates of organic carbon Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Gerold, M. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. T1 - Strukturmodelle der Genese psychischer Störungen in der Kindheit : Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mudd, Simon M. A1 - Clubb, Fiona J. A1 - Gailleton, Boris A1 - Hurst, Martin D. T1 - How concave are river channels? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - For over a century, geomorphologists have attempted to unravel information about landscape evolution, and processes that drive it, using river profiles. Many studies have combined new topographic datasets with theoretical models of channel incision to infer erosion rates, identify rock types with different resistance to erosion, and detect potential regions of tectonic activity. The most common metric used to analyse river profile geometry is channel steepness, or k(s). However, the calculation of channel steepness requires the normalisation of channel gradient by drainage area. This normalisation requires a power law exponent that is referred to as the channel concavity index. Despite the concavity index being crucial in determining channel steepness, it is challenging to constrain. In this contribution, we compare both slope-area methods for calculating the concavity index and methods based on integrating drainage area along the length of the channel, using so-called "chi" (chi) analysis. We present a new chi-based method which directly compares chi values of tributary nodes to those on the main stem; this method allows us to constrain the concavity index in transient landscapes without assuming a linear relationship between chi and elevation. Patterns of the concavity index have been linked to the ratio of the area and slope exponents of the stream power incision model (m/n); we therefore construct simple numerical models obeying detachment-limited stream power and test the different methods against simulations with imposed m and n. We find that chi-based methods are better than slope-area methods at reproducing imposed m/n ratios when our numerical landscapes are subject to either transient uplift or spatially varying uplift and fluvial erodibility. We also test our methods on several real landscapes, including sites with both lithological and structural heterogeneity, to provide examples of the methods' performance and limitations. These methods are made available in a new software package so that other workers can explore how the concavity index varies across diverse landscapes, with the aim to improve our understanding of the physics behind bedrock channel incision. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 718 KW - Oregon coast range KW - BE-10-derived erosion rates KW - rock-uplift rates KW - stream-power KW - longitudinal profiles KW - landscape evolution KW - incision model KW - threshold hillslopes KW - Pacific-Northwest KW - active tectonics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426998 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 718 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wernet, Philippe A1 - Leitner, T. A1 - Josefsson, Ida A1 - Mazza, T. A1 - Miedema, P. S. A1 - Schroder, H. A1 - Beye, Martin A1 - Kunnus, K. A1 - Schreck, S. A1 - Radcliffe, P. A1 - Dusterer, S. A1 - Meyer, M. A1 - Odelius, Michael A1 - Fohlisch, Alexander T1 - Communication: Direct evidence for sequential dissociation of gas-phase Fe(CO)(5) via a singlet pathway upon excitation at 266 nm JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - We prove the hitherto hypothesized sequential dissociation of Fe(CO)(5) in the gas phase upon photoexcitation at 266 nm via a singlet pathway with time-resolved valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy with an x-ray free-electron laser. Valence photoelectron spectra are used to identify free CO molecules and to determine the time constants of stepwise dissociation to Fe(CO)(4) within the temporal resolution of the experiment and further to Fe(CO)(3) within 3 ps. Fe 3p core-level photoelectron spectra directly reflect the singlet spin state of the Fe center in Fe(CO)(5), Fe(CO)(4), and Fe(CO)(3) showing that the dissociation exclusively occurs along a singlet pathway without triplet-state contribution. Our results are important for assessing intra- and intermolecular relaxation processes in the photodissociation dynamics of the prototypical Fe(CO)(5) complex in the gas phase and in solution, and they establish time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as a powerful tool for determining the multiplicity of transition metals in photochemical reactions of coordination complexes. Published by AIP Publishing. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984774 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 146 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hernandez, Martin A. A1 - Gleixner, Gerd A1 - Sachse, Dirk A1 - Alvarez, Hector M. T1 - Carbon Allocation in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 in Response to Disruption and Overexpression of nlpR Regulatory Gene, Based on C-13-labeling Analysis JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Nitrogen lipid regulator (NlpR) is a pleiotropic regulator that positively controls genes associated with both nitrogen and lipid metabolism in the oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. In this study, we investigated the effect of nlpR disruption and overexpression on the assimilation of C-13-labeled glucose as carbon source, during cultivation of cells under nitrogen-limiting and nitrogen-rich conditions, respectively. Label incorporation into the total lipid extract (TLE) fraction was about 30% lower in the mutant strain in comparison with the wild type strain under low-nitrogen conditions. Moreover, a higher C-13 abundance (similar to 60%) into the extracellular polymeric substance fraction was observed in the mutant strain, nlpR disruption also promoted a decrease in the label incorporation into several TLE-derivative fractions including neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), and free fatty acids (FFA), with the DAG being the most affected. In contrast, the nlpR overexpression in RHA1 cells under nitrogen-rich conditions produced an increase of the label incorporation into the TLE and its derivative NL and PL fractions, the last one being the highest C-13 enriched. In addition, a higher C-13 enrichment occurred in the TAG, DAG, and FFA fractions after nlpR induction, with the FFA fraction being the most affected within the TLE. Isotopic-labeling experiments demonstrated that NlpR regulator is contributing in oleaginous phenotype of R. jostii RHA1 to the allocation of carbon into the different lipid fractions in response to nitrogen levels, increasing the rate of carbon flux into lipid metabolism. KW - Rhodococcus KW - RHA1 KW - NlpR KW - regulation KW - C-13-glucose KW - lipid metabolism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01992 SN - 1664-302X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Manzoni, Stefano A1 - Čapek, Petr A1 - Porada, Philipp A1 - Thurner, Martin A1 - Winterdahl, Mattias A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Brüchert, Volker A1 - Frouz, Jan A1 - Herrmann, Anke M. A1 - Lindahl, Björn D. A1 - Lyon, Steve W. A1 - Šantrůčková, Hana A1 - Vico, Giulia A1 - Way, Danielle T1 - Reviews and syntheses BT - carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – definitions, theories, and empirical evidence T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) - the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization - from uni-cellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1134 KW - gross primary production KW - net primary production KW - plant respiration KW - microbial carbon KW - stoichiometric controls KW - growth efficiency KW - bacterial growth KW - excess carbon KW - soil KW - matter Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446386 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1134 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franz, Alexandra A1 - Többens, Daniel M. A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Kärgell, Martin A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - The influence of deuteration on the crystal structure of hybrid halide perovskites: a temperature-dependent neutron diffraction study of FAPbBr(3) JF - Acta crystallographica; Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials N2 - This paper discusses the full structural solution of the hybrid perovskite formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr(3)) and its temperature-dependent phase transitions in the range from 3 K to 300 K using neutron powder diffraction and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Special emphasis is put on the influence of deuteration on formamidinium, its position in the unit cell and disordering in comparison to fully hydrogenated FAPbBr(3). The temperature-dependent measurements show that deuteration critically influences the crystal structures, i.e. results in partially-ordered temperature-dependent structural modifications in which two symmetry-independent molecule positions with additional dislocation of the molecular centre atom and molecular angle inclinations are present. KW - hybrid perovskite KW - FAPbBr(3) KW - deuteration KW - neutron powder diffraction KW - crystal structure Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052520620002620 SN - 2052-5206 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 274 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Benjamin T. A1 - Jager, Tjalling A1 - Nisbet, Roger M. A1 - Preuss, Thomas G. A1 - Hammers-Wirtz, Monika A1 - Grimm, Volker T1 - Extrapolating ecotoxicological effects from individuals to populations - a generic approach based on Dynamic Energy Budget theory and individual-based modeling JF - Ecotoxicology N2 - Individual-based models (IBMs) predict how dynamics at higher levels of biological organization emerge from individual-level processes. This makes them a particularly useful tool for ecotoxicology, where the effects of toxicants are measured at the individual level but protection goals are often aimed at the population level or higher. However, one drawback of IBMs is that they require significant effort and data to design for each species. A solution would be to develop IBMs for chemical risk assessment that are based on generic individual-level models and theory. Here we show how one generic theory, Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, can be used to extrapolate the effect of toxicants measured at the individual level to effects on population dynamics. DEB is based on first principles in bioenergetics and uses a common model structure to model all species. Parameterization for a certain species is done at the individual level and allows to predict population-level effects of toxicants for a wide range of environmental conditions and toxicant concentrations. We present the general approach, which in principle can be used for all animal species, and give an example using Daphnia magna exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline. We conclude that our generic approach holds great potential for standardized ecological risk assessment based on ecological models. Currently, available data from standard tests can directly be used for parameterization under certain circumstances, but with limited extra effort standard tests at the individual would deliver data that could considerably improve the applicability and precision of extrapolation to the population level. Specifically, the measurement of a toxicant's effect on growth in addition to reproduction, and presenting data over time as opposed to reporting a single EC50 or dose response curve at one time point. KW - Population KW - Dynamic Energy Budget KW - Individual-based model KW - Sub-lethal effects KW - Physiological mode of action KW - Effect model Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1049-x SN - 0963-9292 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 574 EP - 583 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Benjamin T. A1 - Jager, Tjalling A1 - Nisbet, Roger M. A1 - Preuss, Thomas G. A1 - Grimm, Volker T1 - Predicting population dynamics from the properties of individuals - a cross-level test of dynamic energy budget theory JF - The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences N2 - Individual-based models (IBMs) are increasingly used to link the dynamics of individuals to higher levels of biological organization. Still, many IBMs are data hungry, species specific, and time-consuming to develop and analyze. Many of these issues would be resolved by using general theories of individual dynamics as the basis for IBMs. While such theories have frequently been examined at the individual level, few cross-level tests exist that also try to predict population dynamics. Here we performed a cross-level test of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory by parameterizing an individual-based model using individual-level data of the water flea, Daphnia magna, and comparing the emerging population dynamics to independent data from population experiments. We found that DEB theory successfully predicted population growth rates and peak densities but failed to capture the decline phase. Further assumptions on food-dependent mortality of juveniles were needed to capture the population dynamics after the initial population peak. The resulting model then predicted, without further calibration, characteristic switches between small-and large-amplitude cycles, which have been observed for Daphnia. We conclude that cross-level tests help detect gaps in current individual-level theories and ultimately will lead to theory development and the establishment of a generic basis for individual-based models and ecology. KW - population dynamics KW - dynamic energy budget theory KW - bioenergetics KW - individual-based model Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/669904 SN - 0003-0147 VL - 181 IS - 4 SP - 506 EP - 519 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Benjamin A1 - Jager, Tjalling A1 - Nisbet, Roger M. A1 - Preuss, Thomas G. A1 - Grimm, Volker T1 - Limitations of extrapolating toxic effects on reproduction to the population level JF - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - For the ecological risk assessment of toxic chemicals, standardized tests on individuals are often used as proxies for population-level effects. Here, we address the utility of one commonly used metric, reproductive output, as a proxy for population-level effects. Because reproduction integrates the outcome of many interacting processes (e.g., feeding, growth, allocation of energy to reproduction), the observed toxic effects in a reproduction test could be due to stress on one of many processes. Although this makes reproduction a robust endpoint for detecting stress, it may mask important population-level consequences if the different physiological processes stress affects are associated with different feedback mechanisms at the population level. We therefore evaluated how an observed reduction in reproduction found in a standard reproduction test translates to effects at the population level if it is caused by hypothetical toxicants affecting different physiological processes (physiological modes of action; PMoA). For this we used two consumer-resource models: the Yodzis-Innes (YI) model, which is mathematically tractable, but requires strong assumptions of energetic equivalence among individuals as they progress through ontogeny, and an individual-based implementation of dynamic energy budget theory (DEB-IBM), which relaxes these assumptions at the expense of tractability. We identified two important feedback mechanisms controlling the link between individual- and population-level stress in the YI model. These mechanisms turned out to also be important for interpreting some of the individual-based model results; for two PMoAs, they determined the population response to stress in both models. In contrast, others stress types involved more complex feedbacks, because they asymmetrically stressed the production efficiency of reproduction and somatic growth. The feedbacks associated with different PMoAs drastically altered the link between individual- and population-level effects. For example, hypothetical stressors with different PMoAs that had equal effects on reproduction had effects ranging from a negligible decline in biomass to population extinction. Thus, reproduction tests alone are of little use for extrapolating toxicity to the population level, but we showed that the ecological relevance of standard tests could easily be improved if growth is measured along with reproduction. KW - Daphnia KW - dynamic energy budget KW - ecological risk assessment KW - ecotoxicology KW - ontogenetic symmetry KW - physiological mode of action KW - PMoA KW - population dynamics KW - reproduction test KW - Yodzis-Innes Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0656.1 SN - 1051-0761 SN - 1939-5582 VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1972 EP - 1983 PB - Wiley CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Pulungan, Aman B. A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Rogol, Alan D. A1 - Pop, Raluca A1 - Swanson, James M. A1 - Sonuga-Barke, Edmund A1 - Reimann, Anna A1 - Siniarska-Wolanska, Anna A1 - Musalek, Martin A1 - Bogin, Barry A1 - Boldsen, Jesper L. A1 - Tassenaar, (Vincent) A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Liu, Yuk-Chien A1 - Meigen, Christof A1 - Quanjer, Bjorn A1 - Thompson, Kristina A1 - Ozer, Baak Koca A1 - Bryl, Ewa A1 - Mamrot, Paula A1 - Hanc, Tomasz A1 - Koziel, Slawomir A1 - Soderhall, Jani A1 - Gomula, Aleksandra A1 - Banik, Sudip Datta A1 - Roelants, Mathieu A1 - Veldre, Gudrun A1 - Lieberman, Leslie Sue A1 - Sievert, Lynnette Leidy T1 - Meeting Reports BT - The Role of Beliefs and Perception on Body Size. Proceedings of the 26th Aschauer Soiree, Held at Aschauhof, Altenhof, Germany, May 26th, 2018 JF - Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews N2 - Thirty-one scientists met at Aschauhof, Germany to discuss the role of beliefs and self-perception on body size. In view of apparent growth stimulatory effects of dominance within the social group that is observed in social mammals, they discussed various aspects of competitive growth strategies and growth adjustments. Presentations included new data from Indonesia, a cohort-based prospective study from Merida, Yucatan, and evidence from recent meta-analyses and patterns of growth in the socially deprived. The effects of stress experienced during pregnancy and adverse childhood events were discussed, as well as obesity in school children, with emphasis on problems when using z-scores in extremely obese children. Aspects were presented on body image in African-American women, and body perception and the disappointments of menopause in view of feelings of attractiveness in different populations. Secular trends in height were presented, including short views on so called 'racial types' vs bio-plasticity, and historic data on early-life nutritional status and later-life socioeconomic outcomes during the Dutch potato famine. New tools for describing body proportions in patients with variable degrees of phocomelia were presented along with electronic growth charts. Bio-statisticians discussed the influence of randomness, community and network structures, and presented novel tools and methods for analyzing social network data. KW - Body size KW - Social group KW - Social network KW - Body perception KW - Competitive growth strategies KW - Growth adjustment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17458/per.vol16.2019.hps.mr.26achauersoiree SN - 1565-4753 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 383 EP - 400 PB - Medical Media CY - Netanya ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomas, Sara A1 - Homann, Martin A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Amour, Frederic A1 - Christ, Nicolas A1 - Immenhauser, Adrian A1 - Agar, Susan M. A1 - Kabiri, Lahcen T1 - Alternation of microbial mounds and ooid shoals (Middle Jurasssic, Morocco) - response to paleoenvironmental changes JF - Sedimentary geology : international journal of applied and regional sedimentology N2 - The occurrence of neritic microbial carbonates is often related to ecological refuges, where grazers and other competitors are reduced by environmental conditions, or to post-extinction events (e.g. in the Late Devonian, Early Triassic). Here, we present evidence for Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) microbial mounds formed in the normal marine, shallow neritic setting of an inner, ramp system from the High Atlas of Morocco. The microbial mounds are embedded in cross-bedded oolitic facies. Individual mounds show low relief domal geometries (up to 3 m high and 4.5 m across), but occasionally a second generation of mounds exhibits tabular geometries (<1 m high). The domes are circular in plan view and have intact tops, lacking evidence of current influence on mound preferred growth direction or distribution patterns, or truncation. The mound fades consists almost entirely of non-laminated, micritic thrombolites with branching morphologies and fine-grained, clotted and peloidal fabrics. Normal marine biota are present but infrequent. Several lines of evidence document that microbial mound growth alternates with time intervals of active ooid shoal deposition. This notion is of general significance when compared with modern Bahamian microbialites that co-exist with active sub-aquatic dunes. Furthermore, the lack of detailed studies of Middle Jurassic, normal marine shallow neritic microbial mounds adds a strong motivation for the present study. Specifically, Bajocian mounds formed on a firmground substratum during transgressive phases under condensed sedimentation. Furthermore, a transient increase in nutrient supply in the prevailing mesotrophic setting, as suggested by the heterotrophic-dominated biota, may have controlled microbial mound stages. KW - Microbial mounds KW - Thrombolites KW - Ooid shoals KW - Paleoenvironment KW - Jurassic Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.05.008 SN - 0037-0738 VL - 294 SP - 68 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena A1 - O'Brien, Patrick J. A1 - Gerdes, Axel A1 - Timmerman, Martin Jan A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Khan, M. Ahmed T1 - The multistage exhumation history of the Kaghan Valley UHP series, NW Himalaya, Pakistan from U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar- 39 ages N2 - Amphibole and mica Ar-40/Ar-39 ages as well as zircon, rutile and titanite U-Pb geochronology of eclogites and associated host rocks from the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Nappes (Indian Plate) in the Upper Kaghan Valley, Pakistan allow distinction of a multistage exhumation history. An Eocene age for peak-pressure metamorphism has been obtained by phengite Ar-40/Ar-39 (47.3 +/- 0.3 Ma) and zircon U-Pb (47.3 +/- 0.4 and 47.4 +/- 0.3 Ma) ages from cover and basement gneisses. A very short-lived metamorphic peak and rapid cooling is documented by an amphibole Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 46.6 +/- 0.5 Ma and a rutile U-Pb age of 44.1 +/- 1.3 Ma from eclogites. Phengite and biotite ages from cover and basement sequences metamorphosed during the Himalayan orogeny are 34.5 +/- 0.2 to 28.1 +/- 0.2 Ma whereas youngest biotites, yielding 23.6 +/- 0.1 and 21.7 +/- 0.2 Ma, probably reflect argon partial resetting. The amphibole age, together with those derived from phengite and zircon demonstrate a rate of initial exhumation of 86-143 mm/a i.e. an extremely rapid transport of the Indian Plate continental crust from ultra-high pressure (UHP) conditions back to crustal levels (47-46 Ma for transport from 140 to 40 km depth). Subsequent exhumation (46-41 Ma, 40-35 km) slowed to about 1 mm/a at the base of the continental crust but increased again later towards slightly higher exhumation rates of ca. 2 mm/a (41-34 Ma, 35- 20 km). This indicates a change from buoyancy-driven exhumation at mantle depths to compression forces related to continent-continent collision and accompanied crustal folding, thrusting and stacking that finally exposed the former deeply-buried rocks. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2051 SN - 0935-1221 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alonso, Ricardo N. A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Carrapa, Barbara A1 - Coutand, Isabelle A1 - Haschke, Michael A1 - Hilley, George E. A1 - Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Trauth, Martin H. A1 - Villanueva, Arturo T1 - Tectonics, climate and landscape evolution of the Southern Central Andes : the Argentine Puna Plateau and adjacent regions between 22 and 30°S Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-540- 24329-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Augusiak, Jacqueline A1 - Focks, Andreas A1 - Frank, Beatrice M. A1 - Gabsi, Faten A1 - Johnston, Alice S. A. A1 - Liu, Chun A1 - Martin, Benjamin T. A1 - Meli, Mattia A1 - Radchuk, Viktoriia A1 - Thorbek, Pernille A1 - Railsback, Steven Floyd T1 - Towards better modelling and decision support: Documenting model development, testing, and analysis using TRACE JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog N2 - The potential of ecological models for supporting environmental decision making is increasingly acknowledged. However, it often remains unclear whether a model is realistic and reliable enough. Good practice for developing and testing ecological models has not yet been established. Therefore, TRACE, a general framework for documenting a model's rationale, design, and testing was recently suggested. Originally TRACE was aimed at documenting good modelling practice. However, the word 'documentation' does not convey TRACE's urgency. Therefore, we re-define TRACE as a tool for planning, performing, and documenting good modelling practice. TRACE documents should provide convincing evidence that a model was thoughtfully designed, correctly implemented, thoroughly tested, well understood, and appropriately used for its intended purpose. TRACE documents link the science underlying a model to its application, thereby also linking modellers and model users, for example stakeholders, decision makers, and developers of policies. We report on first experiences in producing TRACE documents. We found that the original idea underlying TRACE was valid, but to make its use more coherent and efficient, an update of its structure and more specific guidance for its use are needed. The updated TRACE format follows the recently developed framework of model 'evaludation': the entire process of establishing model quality and credibility throughout all stages of model development, analysis, and application. TRACE thus becomes a tool for planning, documenting, and assessing model evaludation, which includes understanding the rationale behind a model and its envisaged use. We introduce the new structure and revised terminology of TRACE and provide examples. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Standardization KW - Good modelling practice KW - Risk assessment KW - Decision support Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.018 SN - 0304-3800 SN - 1872-7026 VL - 280 SP - 129 EP - 139 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knie, Christopher A1 - Utecht, Manuel Martin A1 - Zhao, Fangli A1 - Kulla, Hannes A1 - Kovalenko, Sergey A1 - Brouwer, Albert M. A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Hecht, Stefan A1 - Bleger, David T1 - ortho-Fluoroazobenzenes: visible light switches with very long-lived Z isomers JF - Chemistry - a European journal N2 - Improving the photochemical properties of molecular photoswitches is crucial for the development of light-responsive systems in materials and life sciences. ortho-Fluoroazobenzenes are a new class of rationally designed photochromic azo compounds with optimized properties, such as the ability to isomerize with visible light only, high photoconversions, and unprecedented robust bistable character. Introducing sigma-electron-withdrawing F atoms ortho to the N=N unit leads to both an effective separation of the n -> pi* bands of the E and Z isomers, thus offering the possibility of using these two transitions for selectively inducing E/Z iso-merizations, and greatly enhanced thermal stability of the Z isomers. Additional para-electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) work in concert with ortho-F atoms, giving rise to enhanced separation of the n -> pi* transitions. A comprehensive study of the effect of substitution on the key photochemical properties of ortho-fluoroazobenzenes is reported herein. In particular, the position, number, and nature of the EWGs have been varied, and the visible light photoconversions, quantum yields of isomerization, and thermal stabilities have been measured and rationalized by DFT calculations. KW - azobenzenes KW - photochromism KW - photoswitches KW - substituent effects KW - visible light Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201404649 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 20 IS - 50 SP - 16492 EP - 16501 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foerster, Verena A1 - Deocampo, Daniel M. A1 - Asrat, Asfawossen A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Junginger, Annett A1 - Krämer, Kai Hauke A1 - Stroncik, Nicole A. A1 - Trauth, Martin H. T1 - Towards an understanding of climate proxy formation in the Chew Bahir basin, southern Ethiopian Rift JF - Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences N2 - Deciphering paleoclimate from lake sediments is a challenge due to the complex relationship between climate parameters and sediment composition. Here we show the links between potassium (K) concentrations in the sediments of the Chew Bahir basin in the Southern Ethiopian Rift and fluctuations in the catchment precipitation/evaporation balance. Our micro-X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction results suggest that the most likely process linking climate with potassium concentrations is the authigenic illitization of smectites during episodes of higher alkalinity and salinity in the closed -basin lake, due to a drier climate. Whole-rock and clay size fraction analyses suggest that illitization of the Chew Bahir clay minerals with increasing evaporation is enhanced by octahedral Al-to-Mg substitution in the clay minerals, with the resulting layer charge increase facilitating potassium-fixation. Linking mineralogy with geochemistry shows the links between hydroclimatic control, process and formation of the Chew Bahir K patterns, in the context of well-known and widely documented eastern African climate fluctuations over the last 45,000 years. These results indicate characteristic mineral alteration patterns associated with orbitally controlled wet-dry cycles such as the African Humid Period (similar to 15-5 ka) or high-latitude controlled climate events such as the Younger Dryas (similar to 12.8-11.6 ka) chronozone. Determining the impact of authigenic mineral alteration on the Chew Bahir records enables the interpretation of the previously established pXRF-derived aridity proxy K and provides a better paleohydrological understanding of complex climate proxy formation. KW - Paleoclimatology KW - Authigenic mineral transformation KW - Potassium KW - Illitization KW - Zeolites Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.04.009 SN - 0031-0182 SN - 1872-616X VL - 501 SP - 111 EP - 123 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienhold, Sandra-Maria A1 - Macri, Mario A1 - Nouailles, Geraldine A1 - Dietert, Kristina A1 - Gurtner, Corinne A1 - Gruber, Achim D. A1 - Heimesaat, Markus M. A1 - Lienau, Jasmin A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Opitz, Bastian A1 - Suttorp, Norbert A1 - Witzenrath, Martin A1 - Müller-Redetzky, Holger C. T1 - Ventilator-induced lung injury is aggravated by antibiotic mediated microbiota depletion in mice JF - Critical Care N2 - BackgroundAntibiotic exposure alters the microbiota, which can impact the inflammatory immune responses. Critically ill patients frequently receive antibiotic treatment and are often subjected to mechanical ventilation, which may induce local and systemic inflammatory responses and development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether disruption of the microbiota by antibiotic therapy prior to mechanical ventilation affects pulmonary inflammatory responses and thereby the development of VILI.MethodsMice underwent 6-8weeks of enteral antibiotic combination treatment until absence of cultivable bacteria in fecal samples was confirmed. Control mice were housed equally throughout this period. VILI was induced 3 days after completing the antibiotic treatment protocol, by high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation (34ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure=2 cmH(2)O) for 4h. Differences in lung function, oxygenation index, pulmonary vascular leakage, macroscopic assessment of lung injury, and leukocyte and lymphocyte differentiation were assessed. Control groups of mice ventilated with low tidal volume and non-ventilated mice were analyzed accordingly.ResultsAntibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to HTV ventilation led to aggravation of VILI, as shown by increased pulmonary permeability, increased oxygenation index, decreased pulmonary compliance, enhanced macroscopic lung injury, and increased cytokine/chemokine levels in lung homogenates.ConclusionsDepletion of the microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to HTV ventilation renders mice more susceptible to developing VILI, which could be clinically relevant for critically ill patients frequently receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. KW - Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy KW - Ventilator-induced lung injury KW - Microbiota Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-2213-8 SN - 1466-609X SN - 1364-8535 VL - 22 IS - 282 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sellberg, Jonas A. A1 - McQueen, Trevor A. A1 - Laksmono, Hartawan A1 - Schreck, Simon A1 - Beye, Martin A1 - DePonte, Daniel P. A1 - Kennedy, Brian A1 - Nordlund, Dennis A1 - Sierra, Raymond G. A1 - Schlesinger, Daniel A1 - Tokushima, Takashi A1 - Zhovtobriukh, Iurii A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Segtnan, Vegard H. A1 - Ogasawara, Hirohito A1 - Kubicek, Katharina A1 - Techert, Simone A1 - Bergmann, Uwe A1 - Dakovski, Georgi L. A1 - Schlotter, William F. A1 - Harada, Yoshihisa A1 - Bogan, Michael J. A1 - Wernet, Philippe A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Pettersson, Lars G. M. A1 - Nilsson, Anders T1 - X-ray emission spectroscopy of bulk liquid water in "no-man's land" JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - The structure of bulk liquid water was recently probed by x-ray scattering below the temperature limit of homogeneous nucleation (T-H) of similar to 232 K [J. A. Sellberg et al., Nature 510, 381-384 (2014)]. Here, we utilize a similar approach to study the structure of bulk liquid water below T-H using oxygen K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Based on previous XES experiments [T. Tokushima et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 460, 387-400 (2008)] at higher temperatures, we expected the ratio of the 1b(1)' and 1b(1)" peaks associated with the lone-pair orbital in water to change strongly upon deep supercooling as the coordination of the hydrogen (H-) bonds becomes tetrahedral. In contrast, we observed only minor changes in the lone-pair spectral region, challenging an interpretation in terms of two interconverting species. A number of alternative hypotheses to explain the results are put forward and discussed. Although the spectra can be explained by various contributions from these hypotheses, we here emphasize the interpretation that the line shape of each component changes dramatically when approaching lower temperatures, where, in particular, the peak assigned to the proposed disordered component would become more symmetrical as vibrational interference becomes more important. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905603 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 142 IS - 4 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jay, Raphael M. A1 - Norell, Jesper A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Hantschmann, Markus A1 - Beye, Martin A1 - Kennedy, Brian A1 - Quevedo, Wilson A1 - Schlotter, William F. A1 - Dakovski, Georgi L. A1 - Minitti, Michael P. A1 - Hoffmann, Matthias C. A1 - Mitra, Ankush A1 - Moeller, Stefan P. A1 - Nordlund, Dennis A1 - Zhang, Wenkai A1 - Liang, Huiyang W. A1 - Kunnus, Kristian A1 - Kubicek, Katharina A1 - Techert, Simone A. A1 - Lundberg, Marcus A1 - Wernet, Philippe A1 - Gaffney, Kelly A1 - Odelius, Michael A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Disentangling Transient Charge Density and Metal-Ligand Covalency in Photoexcited Ferricyanide with Femtosecond Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering JF - The journal of physical chemistry letters N2 - Soft X-ray spectroscopies are ideal probes of the local valence electronic structure of photocatalytically active metal sites. Here, we apply the selectivity of time resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the iron L-edge to the transient charge distribution of an optically excited charge-transfer state in aqueous ferricyanide. Through comparison to steady-state spectra and quantum chemical calculations, the coupled effects of valence-shell closing and ligand-hole creation are experimentally and theoretically disentangled and described in terms of orbital occupancy, metal-ligand covalency, and ligand field splitting, thereby extending established steady-state concepts to the excited-state domain. pi-Back-donation is found to be mainly determined by the metal site occupation, whereas the ligand hole instead influences sigma-donation. Our results demonstrate how ultrafast resonant inelastic X-ray scattering can help characterize local charge distributions around catalytic metal centers in short-lived charge-transfer excited states, as a step toward future rationalization and tailoring of photocatalytic capabilities of transition-metal complexes. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01429 SN - 1948-7185 VL - 9 IS - 12 SP - 3538 EP - 3543 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreck, Simon A1 - Beye, Martin A1 - Sellberg, Jonas A. A1 - McQueen, Trevor A1 - Laksmono, Hartawan A1 - Kennedy, Brian A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Schlesinger, Daniel A1 - Nordlund, Dennis A1 - Ogasawara, Hirohito A1 - Sierra, Raymond G. A1 - Segtnan, Vegard H. A1 - Kubicek, Katharina A1 - Schlotter, William F. A1 - Dakovski, Georgi L. A1 - Moeller, Stefan P. A1 - Bergmann, Uwe A1 - Techert, Simone A1 - Pettersson, Lars G. M. A1 - Wernet, Philippe A1 - Bogan, Michael J. A1 - Harada, Yoshihisa A1 - Nilsson, Anders A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Reabsorption of soft x-ray emission at high x-ray free-electron laserfluences JF - Physical review letters N2 - We report on oxygen K-edge soft x-ray emission spectroscopy from a liquid water jet at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We observe significant changes in the spectral content when tuning over a wide range of incident x-ray fluences. In addition the total emission yield decreases at high fluences. These modifications result from reabsorption of x-ray emission by valence-excited molecules generated by the Auger cascade. Our observations have major implications for future x-ray emission studies at intense x-ray sources. We highlight the importance of the x-ray pulse length with respect to the core-hole lifetime. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.153002 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 113 IS - 15 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reifarth, Martin A1 - Bekir, Marek A1 - Bapolisi, Alain M. A1 - Titov, Evgenii A1 - Nusshardt, Fabian A1 - Nowaczyk, Julius A1 - Grigoriev, Dmitry A1 - Sharma, Anjali A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Santer, Svetlana A1 - Hartlieb, Matthias A1 - Böker, Alexander T1 - A dual pH- and light-responsive spiropyrane-based surfactant BT - investigations on Its switching behavior and remote control over emulsion stability JF - Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition N2 - A cationic surfactant containing a spiropyrane unit is prepared exhibiting a dual-responsive adjustability of its surface-active characteristics. The switching mechanism of the system relies on the reversible conversion of the non-ionic spiropyrane (SP) to a zwitterionic merocyanine (MC) and can be controlled by adjusting the pH value and via light, resulting in a pH-dependent photoactivity: While the compound possesses a pronounced difference in surface activity between both forms under acidic conditions, this behavior is suppressed at a neutral pH level. The underlying switching processes are investigated in detail, and a thermodynamic explanation based on a combination of theoretical and experimental results is provided. This complex stimuli-responsive behavior enables remote-control of colloidal systems. To demonstrate its applicability, the surfactant is utilized for the pH-dependent manipulation of oil-in-water emulsions. KW - Dual-Responsiveness KW - Manipulation of Emulsion Stability KW - Spiropyrane KW - Surfactant KW - Switchable Surfactants KW - pH-Dependent Photoresponsivity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202114687 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 VL - 61 IS - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreuzer, Lucas A1 - Widmann, Tobias A1 - Geiger, Christina A1 - Wang, Peixi A1 - Vagias, Apostolos N. A1 - Heger, Julian Eliah A1 - Haese, Martin A1 - Hildebrand, Viet A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter T1 - Salt-dependent phase transition behavior of doubly thermoresponsive poly(sulfobetaine)-based diblock copolymer thin films JF - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society N2 - The water vapor-induced swelling, as well as subsequent phase-transition kinetics, of thin films of a diblock copolymer (DBC) loaded with different amounts of the salt NaBr, is investigated in situ. In dilute aqueous solution, the DBC features an orthogonally thermoresponsive behavior. It consists of a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine) block, namely, poly(4-(N-(3'-methacrylamidopropyl)-N, N-dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP), showing an upper critical solution temperature, and a nonionic block, namely, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM), exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature. The swelling kinetics in D2O vapor at 15 degrees C and the phase transition kinetics upon heating the swollen film to 60 degrees C and cooling back to 15 degrees C are followed with simultaneous time-of-flight neutron reflectometry and spectral reflectance measurements. These are complemented by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The collapse temperature of PNIPMAM and the swelling temperature of PSBP are found at lower temperatures than in aqueous solution, which is attributed to the high polymer concentration in the thin-film geometry. Upon inclusion of sub-stoichiometric amounts (relative to the monomer units) of NaBr in the films, the water incorporation is significantly increased. This increase is mainly attributed to a salting-in effect on the zwitterionic PSBP block. Whereas the addition of NaBr notably shifts the swelling temperature of PSBP to lower temperatures, the collapse temperature of PNIPMAM remains unaffected by the presence of salt in the films. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01342 SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 37 IS - 30 SP - 9179 EP - 9191 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Cattrell, Anna A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Buitelaar, Jan A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder JF - Frontiers in human neuroscience N2 - Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2–19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors. KW - childhood adversity KW - conduct disorder KW - amygdala KW - ventral striatum KW - fMRI Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw120 SN - 1749-5016 SN - 1749-5024 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 272 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perez-Lopez, Raul A1 - Martin-Velazquez, Saul A1 - Sanchez-Moral, Sergio A1 - Patyniak, Magda A1 - Lopez-Gutierrez, Jose A1 - Cuezva, Soledad A1 - Lario, J. A1 - Silva, P. G. A1 - Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. A1 - Giner-Robles, J. L. T1 - New insights on speleoseismology: The geothermal gradient and heat flow values in caves for the study of active faults JF - Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research N2 - Normally in paleoseismology, the study of the tectonic slip-rate is performed in trenches on the fault scarp, or by the estimation of fault movements from the geomorphic features. In this work, we have carried out a paleoseismic analysis of the Benis Fault, located in southeast Spain, combined with a geothermal analysis inside a deep cave related to the fault (-350 m). Thus, we have estimated the last earthquake magnitude and time of occurrence from evidence of ceiling collapse and displaced carbonate blocks inside a cave, which is developed across the fault. The magnitude was obtained from the application of the empirical relationship of the fault parameters and coseismic vertical displacement, yielding a value ranging between M 5.9 and M 6.5. Moreover, we dated this paleoearthquake by the paleontological record of a "Lynx pardinus spelaea", with an age of 65 +/- 18 ka BP. Additionally, we have measured the thermal profile of the Benis Cave (-350 m of depth), from single rock point temperature measurements during 2 years. The temperature profile shows three different parts inside the cave, the shallow heterogeneous thermal zone till 50 m depth; the homogeneous thermal zone 150 m till with constant temperature and the hetero-thermal deep zone, deeper than 150 m and till the deepest zone (350 m). Furthermore, we have estimated the Vertical Geothermal Gradient, 1.85 degrees C/100 m for the deepest zone (-150; -290 m). The temperature increases with depth, showing a reverse thermal profile in comparison with normal gradients in deep caves. Finally, we have calculated the heat flux of 0.46 mWm(2). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. KW - Speleoseismology KW - Active fault KW - Cave KW - Slip-rate KW - Heat flux Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.026 SN - 1040-6182 SN - 1873-4553 VL - 451 SP - 165 EP - 175 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Foster, William J. A1 - Garvie, Christopher L. A1 - Weiss, Anna M. A1 - Muscente, A. Drew A1 - Aberhan, Martin A1 - Counts, John W. A1 - Martindale, Rowan C. T1 - Resilience of marine invertebrate communities during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The hyperthermal events of the Cenozoic, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, provide an opportunity to investigate the potential effects of climate warming on marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the shallow benthic marine communities preserved in the late Cretaceous to Eocene strata on the Gulf Coastal Plain (United States). In stark contrast to the ecological shifts following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, our data show that the early Cenozoic hyperthermals did not have a long-term impact on the generic diversity nor composition of the Gulf Coastal Plain molluscan communities. We propose that these communities were resilient to climate change because molluscs are better adapted to high temperatures than other taxa, as demonstrated by their physiology and evolutionary history. In terms of resilience, these communities differ from other shallow-water carbonate ecosystems, such as reef communities, which record significant changes during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals. These data highlight the strikingly different responses of community types, i.e., the almost imperceptible response of molluscs versus the marked turnover of foraminifera and reef faunas. The impact on molluscan communities may have been low because detrimental conditions did not devastate the entire Gulf Coastal Plain, allowing molluscs to rapidly recolonise vacated areas once harsh environmental conditions ameliorated. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1410 KW - eocene thermal maximum KW - gulf coastal plain KW - climate-change KW - ocean acidification KW - extinction event KW - carbon-cycle KW - heat-stress KW - origination KW - ecosystems KW - diversity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516011 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foster, William J. A1 - Garvie, Christopher L. A1 - Weiss, Anna M. A1 - Muscente, A. Drew A1 - Aberhan, Martin A1 - Counts, John W. A1 - Martindale, Rowan C. T1 - Resilience of marine invertebrate communities during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The hyperthermal events of the Cenozoic, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, provide an opportunity to investigate the potential effects of climate warming on marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the shallow benthic marine communities preserved in the late Cretaceous to Eocene strata on the Gulf Coastal Plain (United States). In stark contrast to the ecological shifts following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, our data show that the early Cenozoic hyperthermals did not have a long-term impact on the generic diversity nor composition of the Gulf Coastal Plain molluscan communities. We propose that these communities were resilient to climate change because molluscs are better adapted to high temperatures than other taxa, as demonstrated by their physiology and evolutionary history. In terms of resilience, these communities differ from other shallow-water carbonate ecosystems, such as reef communities, which record significant changes during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals. These data highlight the strikingly different responses of community types, i.e., the almost imperceptible response of molluscs versus the marked turnover of foraminifera and reef faunas. The impact on molluscan communities may have been low because detrimental conditions did not devastate the entire Gulf Coastal Plain, allowing molluscs to rapidly recolonise vacated areas once harsh environmental conditions ameliorated. KW - eocene thermal maximum KW - gulf coastal plain KW - climate-change KW - ocean acidification KW - extinction event KW - carbon-cycle KW - heat-stress KW - origination KW - ecosystems KW - diversity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58986-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kerubo, Leonidah Omosa A1 - Midiwo, Jacob Ogweno A1 - Derese, Solomon A1 - Langat, Moses K. A1 - Akala, Hoseah M. A1 - Waters, Norman C. A1 - Peter, Martin A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias T1 - Antiplasmodial activity of compounds from the surface exudates of senecio roseiflorus JF - Natural product communications : an international journal for communications and reviews N2 - From the surface exudates of Senecio roseiflorus fourteen known methylated flavonoids and one phenol were isolated and characterized. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis. The surface exudate and the flavonoids isolated showed moderate to good antiplasmodial activity with 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-dimethoxyflavanone having the highest activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 values of 3.2 +/- 0.8 and 4.4 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL respectively. KW - Senecio roseiflorus KW - Asteraceae KW - Surface exudates KW - Antiplasmodial activity Y1 - 2013 SN - 1934-578X VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 176 PB - NPC CY - Westerville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sechi, Antonio A1 - Freitas, Joana M. G. A1 - Wünnemann, Patrick A1 - Töpel, Alexander A1 - Paschoalin, Rafaella Takehara A1 - Ullmann, Sabrina A1 - Schröder, Ricarda A1 - Aydin, Gülcan A1 - Rütten, Stephan A1 - Böker, Alexander A1 - Zenke, Martin A1 - Pich, Andrij T1 - Surface-Grafted Nanogel Arrays Direct Cell Adhesion and Motility JF - Advanced materials interfaces N2 - It has long been appreciated that material chemistry and topology profoundly affect cell adhesion and migration. Here, aqueous poly(N- isopropyl acrylamide) nanogels are designed, synthesized and printed in form of colloidal arrays on glass substrates using wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane templates. Using low-temperature plasma treatment, nanogels are chemically grafted onto glass supports thus leading to highly stable nanogel layers in cell culture media. Liquid cell atomic force microscopy investigations show that surface-grafted nanogels retain their swelling behavior in aqueous media and that extracellular matrix protein coating do not alter their stability and topography. It is demonstrated that surface-grafted nanogels could serve as novel substrates for the analysis of cell adhesion and migration. Nanogels influence size, speed, and dynamics of focal adhesions and cell motility forcing cells to move along highly directional trajectories. Moreover, modulation of nanogel state or spacing serves as an effective tool for regulation of cell motility. It is suggested that nanogel arrays deposited on solid surfaces could be used to provide a precise and tunable system to understand and control cell migration. Additionally, such nanogel arrays will contribute to the development of implantable systems aimed at supporting and enhancing cell migration during, for instance, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600455 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 3 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Biase, Cecilia A1 - Reger, Daniel A1 - Schmidt, Axel A1 - Jechalke, Sven A1 - Reiche, Nils A1 - Martinez-Lavanchy, Paula M. A1 - Rosell, Monica A1 - Van Afferden, Manfred A1 - Maier, Uli A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Thullner, Martin T1 - Treatment of volatile organic contaminants in a vertical flow filter - relevance of different removal processes JF - Ecological engineering : the journal of ecotechnology N2 - Vertical flow filters and vertical flow constructed wetlands are established wastewater treatment systems and have also been proposed for the treatment of contaminated groundwater. This study investigates the removal processes of volatile organic compounds in a pilot-scale vertical flow filter. The filter is intermittently irrigated with contaminated groundwater containing benzene, MTBE and ammonium as the main contaminants. The system is characterized by unsaturated conditions and high contaminant removal efficiency. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the contribution of biodegradation and volatilization to the overall removal of benzene and MTBE. Tracer tests and flow rate measurements showed a highly transient flow and heterogeneous transport regime. Radon-222, naturally occurring in the treated groundwater, was used as a gas tracer and indicated a high volatilization potential. Radon-222 behavior was reproduced by numerical simulations and extrapolated for benzene and MTBE, and indicated these compounds also have a high volatilization potential. In contrast, passive sampler measurements on top of the filter detected only low benzene and MTBE concentrations. Biodegradation potential was evaluated by the analysis of catabolic genes involved in organic compound degradation and a quantitative estimation of biodegradation was derived from stable isotope fractionation analysis. Results suggest that despite the high volatilization potential, biodegradation is the predominant mass removal process in the filter system, which indicates that the volatilized fraction of the contaminants is still subject to subsequent biodegradation. In particular, the upper filter layer located between the injection tubes and the surface of the system might also contribute to biodegradation, and might play a crucial role in avoiding the emission of volatilized contaminants into the atmosphere. KW - Benzene KW - Biodegradation KW - Catabolic genes KW - MTBE KW - Numerical modeling KW - Radon KW - SAFIRA II KW - Stable isotope fractionation analysis KW - Tracers KW - VOCs KW - Volatilization Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.023 SN - 0925-8574 VL - 37 IS - 9 SP - 1292 EP - 1303 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -