TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Bernd
A1  - Spatz, J. P.
A1  - Hochheimer, H. D.
A1  - Menon, V.
A1  - Parthasarathy, R.
A1  - Martin, C. R.
A1  - Bechthold, Jeff
A1  - Hor, P.-H.
T1  - Dimensional crossover of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of template synthesized polyaniline and polypyrrole
Y1  - 1994
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Bernd
A1  - Tozer, S. W.
A1  - Hochheimer, H. D.
A1  - Menon, V.
A1  - Parthasarathy, R.
A1  - Martin, C. R.
T1  - Magnetoresistance of conducting polymers
Y1  - 1994
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Bernd
A1  - Spatz, J. P.
A1  - Weishaupt, K.
A1  - Hochheimer, H. D.
A1  - Menon, V.
A1  - Parthasarathy, R.
A1  - Martin, C. R.
A1  - Bechthold, Jeff
A1  - Hor, P.-H.
T1  - Observation of crossover from three to two dimensional variable range hopping in template synthesized polypyrrole and polyaniline
Y1  - 1994
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werner, Klaus
A1  - Barstow, Martin A.
A1  - Holberg, J. B.
A1  - Koester, D.
A1  - Nousek, J. A.
T1  - Extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of white dwarfs
Y1  - 1994
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beeger, Helmut
A1  - Bricks, Wolfgang
A1  - Broscheit, Frank
A1  - Bütow, Heike
A1  - Bütow, Martin
A1  - Englert, Wolfgang
A1  - Gehrke, Albrecht
A1  - Hallermann, Sigrun
A1  - Jahn, Gert
A1  - Kirsch, H.
A1  - Klohn, Werner
A1  - Markert, Wolfgang
A1  - Meißgeier, Jürgen
A1  - Mülders, Wolfgang
A1  - Nicklaus, W.
A1  - Reinhardt, Karl Heinz
A1  - Robel, B.
A1  - Schmidtke, Kurt-Dietmar
A1  - Werner-Tokarski, D.
T1  - Seydlitz Erdkunde 3 : Ausgabe Saarland
Y1  - 1996
PB  - Schroedel
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Stöhr, R.-M.
A1  - Weindrich, D.
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
A1  - Marcus, A.
T1  - Viereinhalb Jahre danach : Mannheimer Risikokinder im Vorschulalter
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reichstein, Markus
A1  - Bahn, Michael
A1  - Ciais, Philippe
A1  - Frank, Dorothea
A1  - Mahecha, Miguel D.
A1  - Seneviratne, Sonia I.
A1  - Zscheischler, Jakob
A1  - Beer, Christian
A1  - Buchmann, Nina
A1  - Frank, David C.
A1  - Papale, Dario
A1  - Rammig, Anja
A1  - Smith, Pete
A1  - Thonicke, Kirsten
A1  - van der Velde, Marijn
A1  - Vicca, Sara
A1  - Walz, Ariane
A1  - Wattenbach, Martin
T1  - Climate extremes and the carbon cycle
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - The terrestrial biosphere is a key component of the global carbon cycle and its carbon balance is strongly influenced by climate. Continuing environmental changes are thought to increase global terrestrial carbon uptake. But evidence is mounting that climate extremes such as droughts or storms can lead to a decrease in regional ecosystem carbon stocks and therefore have the potential to negate an expected increase in terrestrial carbon uptake. Here we explore the mechanisms and impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and propose a pathway to improve our understanding of present and future impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon budget.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12350
SN  - 0028-0836
VL  - 500
IS  - 7462
SP  - 287
EP  - 295
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kissling, W. D.
A1  - Dormann, Carsten F.
A1  - Groeneveld, Juergen
A1  - Hickler, Thomas
A1  - Kühn, Ingolf
A1  - McInerny, Greg J.
A1  - Montoya, Jose M.
A1  - Römermann, Christine
A1  - Schiffers, Katja
A1  - Schurr, Frank Martin
A1  - Singer, Alexander
A1  - Svenning, Jens-Christian
A1  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
A1  - O'Hara, Robert B.
T1  - Towards novel approaches to modelling biotic interactions in multispecies assemblages at large spatial extents
JF  - Journal of biogeography
N2  - Aim Biotic interactions within guilds or across trophic levels have widely been ignored in species distribution models (SDMs). This synthesis outlines the development of species interaction distribution models (SIDMs), which aim to incorporate multispecies interactions at large spatial extents using interaction matrices. Location Local to global. Methods We review recent approaches for extending classical SDMs to incorporate biotic interactions, and identify some methodological and conceptual limitations. To illustrate possible directions for conceptual advancement we explore three principal ways of modelling multispecies interactions using interaction matrices: simple qualitative linkages between species, quantitative interaction coefficients reflecting interaction strengths, and interactions mediated by interaction currencies. We explain methodological advancements for static interaction data and multispecies time series, and outline methods to reduce complexity when modelling multispecies interactions. Results Classical SDMs ignore biotic interactions and recent SDM extensions only include the unidirectional influence of one or a few species. However, novel methods using error matrices in multivariate regression models allow interactions between multiple species to be modelled explicitly with spatial co-occurrence data. If time series are available, multivariate versions of population dynamic models can be applied that account for the effects and relative importance of species interactions and environmental drivers. These methods need to be extended by incorporating the non-stationarity in interaction coefficients across space and time, and are challenged by the limited empirical knowledge on spatio-temporal variation in the existence and strength of species interactions. Model complexity may be reduced by: (1) using prior ecological knowledge to set a subset of interaction coefficients to zero, (2) modelling guilds and functional groups rather than individual species, and (3) modelling interaction currencies and species effect and response traits. Main conclusions There is great potential for developing novel approaches that incorporate multispecies interactions into the projection of species distributions and community structure at large spatial extents. Progress can be made by: (1) developing statistical models with interaction matrices for multispecies co-occurrence datasets across large-scale environmental gradients, (2) testing the potential and limitations of methods for complexity reduction, and (3) sampling and monitoring comprehensive spatio-temporal data on biotic interactions in multispecies communities.
KW  - Community ecology
KW  - ecological networks
KW  - global change
KW  - guild assembly
KW  - multidimensional complexity
KW  - niche theory
KW  - prediction
KW  - species distribution model
KW  - species interactions
KW  - trait-based community modules
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02663.x
SN  - 0305-0270
VL  - 39
IS  - 12
SP  - 2163
EP  - 2178
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leifso, A.
A1  - MacDougall, A. S.
A1  - Husband, B.
A1  - Hierro, J. L.
A1  - Köchy, Martin
A1  - Pärtel, M.
A1  - Peltzer, D. A.
T1  - Expansion of a globally pervasive grass occurs without substantial trait differences between home and away populations
JF  - Oecologia
N2  - The global expansion of species beyond their ancestral ranges can derive from mechanisms that are trait-based (e.g., post-establishment evolved differences compared to home populations) or circumstantial (e.g., propagule pressure, with no trait-based differences). These mechanisms can be difficult to distinguish following establishment, but each makes unique predictions regarding trait similarity between ancestral ('home') and introduced ('away') populations. Here, we tested for trait-based population differences across four continents for the globally distributed grass Dactylis glomerata, to assess the possible role of trait evolution in its worldwide expansion. We used a common-environment glasshouse experiment to quantify trait differences among home and away populations, and the potential relevance of these differences for competitive interactions. Few significant trait differences were found among continents, suggesting minimal change during global expansion. All populations were polyploids, with similar foliar carbon:nitrogen ratios (a proxy for defense), chlorophyll content, and biomass. Emergence time and growth rate favored home populations, resulting in their competitive superiority over away populations. Small but significant trait differences among away populations suggest different introductory histories or local adaptive responses following establishment. In summary, the worldwide distribution of this species appears to have arisen from its pre-adapted traits promoting growth, and its repeated introduction with cultivation and intense propagule pressure. Global expansion can thus occur without substantial shifts in growth, reproduction, or defense. Rather than focusing strictly on the invader, invasion success may also derive from the traits found (or lacking) in the recipient community and from environmental context including human disturbance.
KW  - Invasion ecology
KW  - Common-environment trial
KW  - Competition
KW  - Plant functional traits
KW  - Orchard grass
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2370-4
SN  - 0029-8549
VL  - 170
IS  - 4
SP  - 1123
EP  - 1132
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pereira, Fernanda S.
A1  - Nascimento, Heliara D. L.
A1  - Magalhaes, Alvicler
A1  - Peter, Martin G.
A1  - Bataglion, Giovana Anceski
A1  - Eberlin, Marcos N.
A1  - Gonzalez, Eduardo R. P.
T1  - ESI(+)-MS and GC-MS study of the hydrolysis of N-azobenzyl derivatives of chitosan
JF  - Molecules
N2  - New N-p-chloro-, N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzylchitosan derivatives, as well as the corresponding azophenyl and azophenyl-p-sulfonic acids, were synthesized by coupling N-benzylvchitosan with aryl diazonium salts. The synthesized molecules were analyzed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, H-1-NMR and N-15-NMR spectroscopy. The capacity of copper chelation by these materials was studied by AAS. Chitosan and the derivatives were subjected to hydrolysis and the products were analyzed by ESI(+)-MS and GC-MS, confirming the formation of N-benzyl chitosan. Furthermore, the MS results indicate that a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SnAr) reaction occurs under hydrolysis conditions, yielding chloroaniline from N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazo-benzylchitosan as well as bromoaniline from N-p-chloro-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzyl-chitosan.
KW  - chitosan
KW  - N-azobenzylchitosan
KW  - ESI-MS
KW  - GC-MS
KW  - SnAr reaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117604
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
SP  - 17604
EP  - 17618
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -