TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bronstert, Axel
A1  - de Araujo, Josè Carlos
A1  - Batalla  Villanueva, Ramon J.
A1  - Costa, Alexandre Cunha
A1  - Delgado, José Miguel Martins
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Förster, Saskia
A1  - Güntner, Andreas
A1  - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés
A1  - Mamede, George Leite
A1  - Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto
A1  - Mueller, Eva
A1  - Vericat, Damia
T1  - Process-based modelling of erosion, sediment transport and reservoir siltation in mesoscale semi-arid catchments
JF  - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation
N2  - To support scientifically sound water management in dryland environments a modelling system has been developed for the quantitative assessment of water and sediment fluxes in catchments, transport in the river system, and retention in reservoirs. The spatial scale of interest is the mesoscale because this is the scale most relevant for management of water and land resources.
 This modelling system comprises process-oriented hydrological components tailored for dryland characteristics coupled with components comprising hillslope erosion, sediment transport and reservoir deposition processes. The spatial discretization is hierarchically designed according to a multi-scale concept to account for particular relevant process scales. The non-linear and partly intermittent run-off generation and sediment dynamics are dealt with by accounting for connectivity phenomena at the intersections of landscape compartments. The modelling system has been developed by means of data from nested research catchments in NE-Spain and in NE-Brazil.
 In the semi-arid NE of Brazil sediment retention along the topography is the main process for sediment retention at all scales, i.e. the sediment delivery is transport limited. This kind of deposition retains roughly 50 to 60 % of eroded sediment, maintaining a similar deposition proportion in all spatial scales investigated. On the other hand, the sediment retained in reservoirs is clearly related to the scale, increasing with catchment area. With increasing area, there are more reservoirs, increasing the possibility of deposition. Furthermore, the area increase also promotes an increase in flow volume, favouring the construction of larger reservoirs, which generally overflow less frequently and retain higher sediment fractions. The second example comprises a highly dynamic Mediterranean catchment in NE-Spain with nested sub-catchments and reveals the full dynamics of hydrological, erosion and deposition features. The run-off modelling performed well with only some overestimation during low-flow periods due to the neglect of water losses along the river. The simulated peaks in sediment flux are reproduced well, while low-flow sediment transport is less well captured, due to the disregard of sediment remobilization in the riverbed during low flow.
 This combined observation and modelling study deepened the understanding of hydro-sedimentological systems characterized by flashy run-off generation and by erosion and sediment transport pulses through the different landscape compartments. The connectivity between the different landscape compartments plays a very relevant role, regarding both the total mass of water and sediment transport and the transport time through the catchment.
KW  - Connectivity
KW  - Deposition
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Modelling
KW  - Sediment transfer
KW  - Semi-arid
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0994-1
SN  - 1439-0108
SN  - 1614-7480
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
SP  - 2001
EP  - 2018
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lobera, Gemma
A1  - Andres-Domenech, Ignacio
A1  - López-Tarazón, José Andrés
A1  - Millan-Romero, Pedro
A1  - Valles, Francisco
A1  - Vericat, Damia
A1  - Batalla  Villanueva, Ramon J.
T1  - Bed disturbance below dams: observations from two Mediterranean rivers
JF  - Land degradation & development
N2  - River-bed disturbance and associated sedimentary processes such as particle mobility are central elements to assess river ecosystem functioning. Dams change river dynamics affecting the magnitude and frequency of biophysical elements that depend on them. This paper examines the effects of two dams different in size, management, and location, on the flow regime, flood competence, and bed disturbance in two contrasting Mediterranean rivers, the Esera and the Siurana. For this purpose, two reaches on each river were monitored upstream and downstream from reservoirs. Several monitoring and modeling techniques were used to characterize flow competence, particle entrainment, and the volumes of sediments eroded and deposited after floods. The flow regime of the Esera has been modified from nivo-pluvial regime, typical of humid mountainous environments, to that observed in dry semiarid regions, in which high magnitude but low frequency floods are the dominant processes. Conversely, the flow regime of the Siurana has changed from a typical Mediterranean stream to a regime observed in more temperate environments, with more permanent and stable flows. Both rivers show notably physical changes, with channels clearly less dynamic below the dams. The lack of competent flows together with the sediment deficit associated with the dams has led to less active fluvial environments (reduced particle mobility and bed scour dynamics), a fact that affects instream habitat structure (more uniform grain size distribution, less physical heterogeneity, more stable flows), overall contributing to the degradation of the stream corridor and the subsequent environmental deterioration of the whole fluvial landscape. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KW  - flow regime
KW  - dams
KW  - bed disturbance
KW  - sediment mobility
KW  - Mediterranean rivers
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2785
SN  - 1085-3278
SN  - 1099-145X
VL  - 28
SP  - 2493
EP  - 2512
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - García-Comendador, Julian
A1  - Calsamiglia, A.
A1  - López-Tarazón, José Andrés
A1  - Latron, J.
A1  - Alorda, B.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
T1  - Comparison of stage/discharge rating curves derived from different recording systems
BT  - Consequences for streamflow data and water management in a Mediterranean island
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - Obtaining representative hydrometric values is essential for characterizing extreme events, hydrological dynamics and detecting possible changes on the long-term hydrology. Reliability of streamflow data requires a temporal continuity and a maintenance of the gauging stations, which data are affected by epistemic and random sources of error. An assessment of discharge meterings' and stage-discharge rating curves' uncertainties were carried out by comparing the accuracy of the measuring instruments of two different hydrometric networks (i.e., one analogical and one digital) established in the same river location at the Mediterranean island of Mallorca. Furthermore, the effects of such uncertainties were assessed on the hydrological dynamics, considering the significant global change impacts beset this island. Evaluation was developed at four representative gauging stations of the hydrographic network with analogic (≈40 years) and digital (≈10 years) data series. The study revealed that the largest source of uncertainty in the analogical (28 to 274%) and in the digital (17–37%) networks were the stage-discharge rating curves. Their impact on the water resources was also evaluated at the event and annual scales, resulting in an average difference of water yields of 183% and 142% respectively. Such improvement on the comprehension of hydrometric networks uncertainties will dramatically benefit the interpretation of the long-term streamflow by providing better insights into the hydrologic and flood hazard planning, management and modelling.
KW  - Hydrometric networks
KW  - Stage-discharge
KW  - Metering
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Error propagation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.158
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 665
SP  - 968
EP  - 981
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Calsamiglia, Aleix
A1  - Garcia-Comendador, Julian
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés
A1  - Crema, S.
A1  - Cavalli, M.
A1  - Calvo-Cases, A.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
T1  - Effects of agricultural drainage systems on sediment connectivity in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment
JF  - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
N2  - Traditional drainage systems combining man-made channels and subsurface tile drains have been used since Roman times to control water excess in Mediterranean lowland regions, favouring adequate soil water regime for agriculture purposes. However, mechanization of agriculture, abandonment or land use changes lead to a progressive deterioration of these drains in the last decades. The effects of these structures on hydrological and sediment dynamics have been previously analyzed in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment (Can Revull, Mallorca, Spain, 1.4 km2) by establishing an integrated sediment budget with a multi-technique approach. Moreover, the recent advances in morphometric techniques enable the completion of this analysis by the accurate identification of active areas (i.e. sources, pathway links, and sinks) and improve the understanding of (de-)coupling mechanisms of water and sediment linkages. In this study, the Borselli's index of connectivity (IC; Cavalli et al. (2013)'s version) derived from a LiDAR-based high resolution DEM (>1 pt m−2; RMSE < 0.2 m) was used to evaluate the spatial patterns of sediment connectivity of the catchment under two different scenarios: (1) the current scenario, including an accurate representation of the 3800 m of artificial channels and levees (CS - Channelled Scenario), and (2) a hypothetical scenario in which these anthropogenic features were removed (US - Unchannelled Scenario). Design and configuration of the drainage system in Can Revull generated changes favouring lateral decoupling between different compartments, with hillslopes-floodplain and floodplain-channels relationships, showing a general decrease of IC values, and high longitudinal connectivity along the artificial channel network. Field observations corroborated these results: structures enabled rapid drainage of the water excess also promoting low surface runoff within the field crops, proving to be an effective management practice for erosion control in agricultural Mediterranean lowland catchments. By contrast, US demonstrated that the abandonment of the current agricultural practices and the subsequent destruction of the drainage system could lead the higher soil loss rates owning to more intense/effective processes of sediment connectivity.
KW  - Sediment connectivity
KW  - Traditional drainage systems
KW  - Catchment management
KW  - Soil erosion
KW  - LiDAR
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.011
SN  - 0169-555X
SN  - 1872-695X
VL  - 318
SP  - 162
EP  - 171
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pena-Angulo, D.
A1  - Nadal-Romero, E.
A1  - Gonzalez-Hidalgo, J. C.
A1  - Albaladejo, J.
A1  - Andreu, V
A1  - Bagarello, V
A1  - Barhi, H.
A1  - Batalla, R. J.
A1  - Bernal, S.
A1  - Bienes, R.
A1  - Campo, J.
A1  - Campo-Bescos, M. A.
A1  - Canatario-Duarte, A.
A1  - Canton, Y.
A1  - Casali, J.
A1  - Castillo, V
A1  - Cerda, Artemi
A1  - Cheggour, A.
A1  - Cid, Patricio
A1  - Cortesi, N.
A1  - Desir, G.
A1  - Diaz-Pereira, E.
A1  - Espigares, T.
A1  - Estrany, Joan
A1  - Fernandez-Raga, M.
A1  - Ferreira, Carla S. S.
A1  - Ferro, Vito
A1  - Gallart, Francesc
A1  - Gimenez, R.
A1  - Gimeno, E.
A1  - Gomez, J. A.
A1  - Gomez-Gutierrez, A.
A1  - Gomez-Macpherson, H.
A1  - Gonzalez-Pelayo, O.
A1  - Hueso-Gonzalez, P.
A1  - Kairis, O.
A1  - Karatzas, G. P.
A1  - Klotz, S.
A1  - Kosmas, C.
A1  - Lana-Renault, Noemi
A1  - Lasanta, T.
A1  - Latron, J.
A1  - Lazaro, R.
A1  - Le Bissonnais, Y.
A1  - Le Bouteiller, C.
A1  - Licciardello, F.
A1  - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés
A1  - Lucia, A.
A1  - Marin, C.
A1  - Marques, M. J.
A1  - Martinez-Fernandez, J.
A1  - Martinez-Mena, M.
A1  - Martinez-Murillo, J. F.
A1  - Mateos, L.
A1  - Mathys, N.
A1  - Merino-Martin, L.
A1  - Moreno-de las Heras, M.
A1  - Moustakas, N.
A1  - Nicolau, J. M.
A1  - Novara, A.
A1  - Pampalone, V
A1  - Raclot, D.
A1  - Rodriguez-Blanco, M. L.
A1  - Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
A1  - Romero-Diaz, A.
A1  - Roose, E.
A1  - Rubio, J. L.
A1  - Ruiz-Sinoga, J. D.
A1  - Schnabel, S.
A1  - Senciales-Gonzalez, J. M.
A1  - Simonneaux, V
A1  - Sole-Benet, A.
A1  - Taguas, E.
A1  - Taboada-Castro, M. M.
A1  - Taboada-Castro, M. T.
A1  - Todisco, Francesca
A1  - Ubeda, X.
A1  - Varouchakis, E. A.
A1  - Vericat, Damia
A1  - Wittenberg, L.
A1  - Zabaleta, A.
A1  - Zorn, M.
T1  - Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) W and SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures.
KW  - Synoptic weather types
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Sediment yield
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Mediterranean basin
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.059
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 571
SP  - 390
EP  - 405
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Estrany, Joan
A1  - Ruiz, Maurici
A1  - Calsamiglia, Aleix
A1  - Carriqui, Marc
A1  - Garcia-Comendador, Julian
A1  - Nadal, Miquel
A1  - Fortesa, Josep
A1  - López-Tarazón, José Andrés
A1  - Medrano, Hipolito
A1  - Gago, Jorge
T1  - Sediment connectivity linked to vegetation using UAVs
BT  - High-resolution imagery for ecosystem management
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - In this study, a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle was used to obtain multi-spectral high-resolution imagery (1.4 cmpx(-1)) from2 microcatchments (3.3 ha) with burned Mediterranean shrubland and pine forests. This imagery was used to calculate the blue normalized differential vegetation index and to generate digital elevation models for estimating the sediment connectivity index. Both indices enabled an integrated approach for deciphering how hydrological and sediment connectivity interact with vegetation as well as soil conservation structures. The application of spatial analysis improves our understanding of the feedback between biological and geomorphological processes. Local spatial data analysis established a significant link between local geomorphological and biological factors, enabling a precise identification of homogeneous areas at micro-catchment scale and the minimal size of vegetation units reacting to geomorphology as natural groups at plot-scale where management strategies and efforts should be applied. Establishing this local relationship between sediment connectivity and vegetation patterns through new and interdisciplinary methodologies represents a new strategy for the assessment of ecosystem dynamics and management.
KW  - Ecogeomorphology
KW  - Mediterranean shrubland
KW  - Burned areas
KW  - UAVs
KW  - BNDVI
KW  - Sediment connectivity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.399
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 671
SP  - 1192
EP  - 1205
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Park, Jungsu
A1  - Batalla, Ramon J.
A1  - Birgand, Francois
A1  - Esteves, Michel
A1  - Gentile, Francesco
A1  - Harrington, Joseph R.
A1  - Navratil, Oldrich
A1  - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés
A1  - Vericat, Damia
T1  - Influences of Catchment and River Channel Characteristics on the Magnitude and Dynamics of Storage and Re-Suspension of Fine Sediments in River Beds
JF  - Water
N2  - Fine particles or sediments are one of the important variables that should be considered for the proper management of water quality and aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effect of catchment characteristics on the performance of an already developed model for the estimation of fine sediments dynamics between the water column and sediment bed was tested, using 13 catchments distributed worldwide. The model was calibrated to determine two optimal model parameters. The first is the filtration parameter, which represents the filtration of fine sediments through pores of the stream bed during the recession period of a flood event. The second parameter is the bed erosion parameter that represents the active layer, directly related to the re-suspension of fine sediments during a flood event. A dependency of the filtration parameter with the catchment area was observed in catchments smaller than 100 km(2), whereas no particular relationship was observed for larger catchments (>100 km(2)). In contrast, the bed erosion parameter does not show a noticeable dependency with the area or other environmental characteristics. The model estimated the mass of fine sediments released from the sediment bed to the water column during flood events in the 13 catchments within 23% bias.
KW  - bed erosion
KW  - catchment area
KW  - filtration
KW  - sediment accumulation
KW  - sediment bed fluidization
KW  - sediment re-suspension
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050878
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ozturk, Ugur
A1  - Wendi, Dadiyorto
A1  - Crisologo, Irene
A1  - Riemer, Adrian
A1  - Agarwal, Ankit
A1  - Vogel, Kristin
A1  - Andres Lopez-Tarazon, Jose
A1  - Korup, Oliver
T1  - Rare flash floods and debris flows in southern Germany
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - Flash floods and debris flows are iconic hazards inmountainous regions with steep relief, high rainfall intensities, rapid snowmelt events, and abundant sediments. The cuesta landscapes of southern Germany hardly come to mind when dealing with such hazards. A series of heavy rainstorms dumping up to 140mm in 2 h caused destructive flash floods and debris flows in May 2016. The most severe damage occurred in the Braunsbach municipality, which was partly buried by 42,000 m(3) of boulders, gravel, mud, and anthropogenic debris from the small catchment of Orlacher Bach (similar to 6 km(2)). We analysed this event by combining rainfall patterns, geological conditions, and geomorphic impacts to estimate an average sediment yield of 14,000 t/km(2) that mostly (similar to 95%) came from some 50 riparian landslides and channel-bed incision of similar to 2 m. This specific sediment yield ranks among the top 20% globally, while the intensity-duration curve of the rainstormis similarly in the upper percentile range of storms that had triggered landslides. Compared to similar-sized catchments in the greater region hit by the rainstorms, we find that the Orlacher Bach is above the 95th percentile in terms of steepness, storm-rainfall intensity, and topographic curvatures. The flash flood transported a sediment volume equal to as much as 20-40% of the Pleistocene sediment volume stored in the Orlacher Bach fan, andmay have had several predecessors in the Holocene. River control structures from 1903 and records of a debris flow in the 1920s in a nearby catchment indicate that the local inhabitants may have been aware of the debris-flow hazards earlier. Such recurring and destructive events elude flood-hazard appraisals in humid landscapes of gentle relief, and broaden mechanistic views of how landslides and debris flows contribute to shaping small and deeply cut tributaries in the southern Germany cuesta landscape.
KW  - Flash flood
KW  - Debris flow
KW  - Rainfall-triggered landslide
KW  - Hazard
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.172
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 626
SP  - 941
EP  - 952
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lobera, G.
A1  - Batalla  Villanueva, Ramon J.
A1  - Vericat, D.
A1  - López-Tarazón, José Andrés
A1  - Tena, A.
T1  - Sediment transport in two mediterranean regulated rivers
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - Mediterranean climate is characterized by highly irregular rainfall patterns with marked differences between wet and dry seasons which lead to highly variable hydrological fluvial regimes. As a result, and in order to ensure water availability and reduce its temporal variability, a high number of large dams were built during the 20th century (more than 3500 located in Mediterranean rivers). Dams modify the flow regime but also interrupt the continuity of sediment transfer along the river network, thereby changing its functioning as an ecosystem. Within this context, the present paper aims to assess the suspended sediment loads and dynamics of two climatically contrasting Mediterranean regulated rivers (i.e. the Esera and Siurana) during a 2-yr period. Key findings indicate that floods were responsible for 92% of the total suspended sediment load in the River Siurana, while this percentage falls to 70% for the Esera, indicating the importance of baseflows on sediment transport in this river. This fact is related to the high sediment availability, with the Esera acting as a non-supply-limited catchment due to the high productivity of the sources (i.e. badlands). In contrast, the Siurana can be considered a supply-limited system due to its low geomorphic activity and reduced sediment availability, with suspended sediment concentration remaining low even for high magnitude flood events. Reservoirs in both rivers reduce sediment load up to 90%, although total runoff is only reduced in the case of the River Esera. A remarkable fact is the change of the hydrological character of the River Lem downstream for the dam, shifting from a humid mountainous river regime to a quasi-invariable pattern, whereas the Siurana experiences the opposite effect, changing from a flashy Mediterranean river to a more constant flow regime below the dam. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Suspended sediment transport
KW  - Sediment load
KW  - Flow regime
KW  - Barasona Reservoir
KW  - Siurana Reservoir
KW  - Ebro basin
KW  - Mediterranean
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.018
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 540
SP  - 101
EP  - 113
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - López-Tarazón, José Andrés
A1  - Lopez, Pilar
A1  - Lobera, Gemma
A1  - Batalla  Villanueva, Ramon J.
T1  - Suspended sediment, carbon and nitrogen transport in a regulated Pyrenean river
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - Regulation alters the characteristics of riversty transforming parts of them into lakes, affecting their hydrology and also the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and dynamics. Reservoirs have proven to be very effective retaining particulate materials, thereby avoiding the downstream transport of suspended sediment and the chemical substances associated with it (e.g. Carbon, C or Nitrogen, N). The study of fluvial transport of C and N is of great interest since river load represents a major link to the global C and N cycles. Moreover, reservoirs are the most important sinks for organic carbon among inland waters and have a potential significance as nitrogen sinks. In this respect, this paper investigates the effects of a Pyrenean reservoir on the runoff, suspended sediment, C and N derived from the highly active Esera and Isabena rivets. Key findings indicate that the reservoir causes a considerable impact on the Esera-Isabena river fluxes, reducing them dramatically as almost all the inputs are retained within the reservoir. Despite the very dry study year (2011-2012), it can be calculated that almost 300,000 t of suspended sediment were deposited into the Barasona Reservoir, from which more than 16,000 were C (i.e. 2200 t as organic C) and 222 t were N. These values may not be seen as remarkable in a wider global context but, assuming that around 30 hm(3) of sediment are currently stored in the reservoir, figures would increase up to ca. 2.6 x 10(6) t of C (i.e. 360,000 t of organic C) and 35,000 t of N. Nevertheless, these values are indicative and should be treated with caution as there is incomplete understanding of all the processes which affect C and N. Further investigation to establish a more complete picture of C and N yields and budgets by monitoring the different processes involved is essential. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Suspended sediment
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Temporal dynamics
KW  - Barasona Reservoir
KW  - River Esera
KW  - Ebro basin
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.132
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 540
SP  - 133
EP  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -