TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1  - Vetrovsky, Tomas
A1  - Balbim, Guilherme Moraes
A1  - Sorte Silva, Narlon Cassio Boa
A1  - Manca, Andrea
A1  - Deriu, Franca
A1  - Kolmos, Mia
A1  - Kruuse, Christina
A1  - Liu-Ambrose, Teresa
A1  - Radak, Zsolt
A1  - Vaczi, Mark
A1  - Johansson, Hanna
A1  - Rocha dos Santos, Paulo Cezar
A1  - Franzen, Erika
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease
JF  - Ageing research reviews : ARR
N2  - Objective: To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Design: Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. Data sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Results: Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.
KW  - Aging
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Intensity Dose -response relationship
KW  - Cognition motor
KW  - function
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698
SN  - 1568-1637
SN  - 1872-9649
VL  - 80
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobagyi, Tibor
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel
A1  - Howatson, Glyn
A1  - Manca, Andrea
A1  - Deriu, Franca
A1  - Taube, Wolfgang
A1  - Gruber, Markus
A1  - Marquez, Gonzalo
A1  - Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper
A1  - Colomer-Poveda, David
T1  - Functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in health and disease
JF  - Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society
N2  - Repetitive, monotonic, and effortful voluntary muscle contractions performed for just a few weeks, i.e., resistance training, can substantially increase maximal voluntary force in the practiced task and can also increase gross motor performance. The increase in motor performance is often accompanied by neuroplastic adaptations in the central nervous system. While historical data assigned functional relevance to such adaptations induced by resistance training, this claim has not yet been systematically and critically examined in the context of motor performance across the lifespan in health and disease. A review of muscle activation, brain and peripheral nerve stimulation, and imaging data revealed that increases in motor performance and neuroplasticity tend to be uncoupled, making a mechanistic link between neuroplasticity and motor performance inconclusive. We recommend new approaches, including causal mediation analytical and hypothesis-driven models to substantiate the functional relevance of resistance training-induced neuroplasticity in the improvements of gross motor function across the lifespan in health and disease.
KW  - Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)
KW  - strength training
KW  - Electromyography (EMG)
KW  - Transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS)
KW  - Electroencephalography (EEG)
KW  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
KW  - athletic performance
KW  - aging
KW  - Parkinson's disease
KW  - Multiple sclerosis
KW  - stroke
KW  - directed acyclic graphs
KW  - causal mediation analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.019
SN  - 0149-7634
SN  - 1873-7528
VL  - 122
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -