TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Yuhang A1 - Opitz, Andreas A1 - Eljarrat, Alberto A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Koch, Christoph A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Lu, Yan T1 - Kinetic study on the adsorption of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane on Ag nanoparticles in chloroform BT - implications for the charge transfer complex of Ag-F(4)TCNQ JF - ACS applied nano materials N2 - In this study, the kinetics of the adsorption of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F(4)TCNQ) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in chloroform has been intensively investigated, as molecular doping is known to play a crucial role in organic electronic devices. Based on the results obtained from UV-visible (vis)-near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, scanning nanobeam electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, a two-step interaction kinetics has been proposed for the Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules, which includes the first step of electron transfer from Ag NPs to F(4)TCNQ indicated by the ionization of F(4)TCNQ and the second step of the formation of a Ag-F(4)TCNQ complex. The whole process has been followed via UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals distinct kinetics at two stages: the instantaneous ionization and the long-term complex formation. The kinetics and the influence of the molar ratio of Ag NPs/F(4)TCNQ molecules on the interaction between Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules in an organic solution are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, the control experiment with silica-coated Ag NPs manifests that the charge transfer at the surface between Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules is prohibited by a silica layer of 18 nm. KW - Ag nanoparticles KW - F(4)TCNQ KW - phase transfer KW - kinetics KW - electron transfer KW - surface interaction Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c02153 SN - 2574-0970 VL - 4 IS - 11 SP - 11625 EP - 11635 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard A1 - Koch, Sabine A1 - Titze, Karl A1 - Steinhausen, Hans-CHristoph A1 - Lehmkuhl, Ulrike T1 - Teratogenität von Antiepileptika : subtile und verzögerte Entwicklungsstörungen Y1 - 2002 SN - 0302-4350 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Titze, Karl A1 - Koch, Sabine A1 - Helge, Hans A1 - Lehmkuhl, Ulrike A1 - Rauh, Hellgard A1 - Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph T1 - Prenatal and familial risks of children born by epileptic mothers : long term effects on the cognitive development Y1 - 2008 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02020.x/pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02020.x ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Sabine A1 - Titze, Karl A1 - Treuter, S. A1 - Schröder, M. A1 - Zimmermann, Ralf B. A1 - Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph A1 - Lehmkuhl, Ulrike A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Maternal use of valproate during pregnancy, risk of major malformations, and brain disorder Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, T. J. A. A1 - Myhre, R. H. A1 - Cryan, J. P. A1 - Coriani, S. A1 - Squibb, R. J. A1 - Battistoni, A. A1 - Berrah, Nora A1 - Bostedt, Christoph A1 - Bucksbaum, Philip H. A1 - Coslovich, G. A1 - Feifel, R. A1 - Gaffney, K. J. A1 - Grilj, J. A1 - Martinez, T. J. A1 - Miyabe, S. A1 - Moeller, S. P. A1 - Mucke, M. A1 - Natan, A. A1 - Obaid, R. A1 - Osipov, T. A1 - Plekan, O. A1 - Wang, S. A1 - Koch, H. A1 - Guehr, Markus T1 - Probing ultrafast pi pi*/n pi* internal conversion in organic chromophores via K-edge resonant absorption JF - Nature Communications Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00069-7 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 8 SP - 14317 EP - 14322 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Michael H. A1 - Abu-Ayyash, Khalil A1 - Abueladas, Abdel-Rahman A1 - Agnon, Amotz A1 - Alasonati-Tašárová, Zuzana A1 - Al-Zubi, Hashim A1 - Babeyko, Andrey A1 - Bartov, Yuval A1 - Bauer, Klaus A1 - Becken, Michael A1 - Bedrosian, Paul A. A1 - Ben-Avraham, Zvi A1 - Bock, Günter A1 - Bohnhoff, Marco A1 - Bribach, Jens A1 - Dulski, Peter A1 - Ebbing, Joerg A1 - El-Kelani, Radwan J. A1 - Foerster, Andrea A1 - Förster, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Frieslander, Uri A1 - Garfunkel, Zvi A1 - Götze, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Haak, Volker A1 - Haberland, Christian A1 - Hassouneh, Mohammed A1 - Helwig, Stefan L. A1 - Hofstetter, Alfons A1 - Hoffmann-Rothe, Arne A1 - Jaeckel, Karl-Heinz A1 - Janssen, Christoph A1 - Jaser, Darweesh A1 - Kesten, Dagmar A1 - Khatib, Mohammed Ghiath A1 - Kind, Rainer A1 - Koch, Olaf A1 - Koulakov, Ivan A1 - Laske, Maria Gabi A1 - Maercklin, Nils T1 - Anatomy of the Dead Sea transform from lithospheric to microscopic scale N2 - Fault zones are the locations where motion of tectonic plates, often associated with earthquakes, is accommodated. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of faults in the last decades, our knowledge of their geometry, petrophysical properties, and controlling processes remains incomplete. The central questions addressed here in our study of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East are as follows: (1) What are the structure and kinematics of a large fault zone? (2) What controls its structure and kinematics? (3) How does the DST compare to other plate boundary fault zones? The DST has accommodated a total of 105 km of left-lateral transform motion between the African and Arabian plates since early Miocene (similar to 20 Ma). The DST segment between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, called the Arava/Araba Fault (AF), is studied here using a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach from the mu m to the plate tectonic scale. We observe that under the DST a narrow, subvertical zone cuts through crust and lithosphere. First, from west to east the crustal thickness increases smoothly from 26 to 39 km, and a subhorizontal lower crustal reflector is detected east of the AF. Second, several faults exist in the upper crust in a 40 km wide zone centered on the AF, but none have kilometer-size zones of decreased seismic velocities or zones of high electrical conductivities in the upper crust expected for large damage zones. Third, the AF is the main branch of the DST system, even though it has accommodated only a part (up to 60 km) of the overall 105 km of sinistral plate motion. Fourth, the AF acts as a barrier to fluids to a depth of 4 km, and the lithology changes abruptly across it. Fifth, in the top few hundred meters of the AF a locally transpressional regime is observed in a 100-300 m wide zone of deformed and displaced material, bordered by subparallel faults forming a positive flower structure. Other segments of the AF have a transtensional character with small pull-aparts along them. The damage zones of the individual faults are only 5-20 m wide at this depth range. Sixth, two areas on the AF show mesoscale to microscale faulting and veining in limestone sequences with faulting depths between 2 and 5 km. Seventh, fluids in the AF are carried downward into the fault zone. Only a minor fraction of fluids is derived from ascending hydrothermal fluids. However, we found that on the kilometer scale the AF does not act as an important fluid conduit. Most of these findings are corroborated using thermomechanical modeling where shear deformation in the upper crust is localized in one or two major faults; at larger depth, shear deformation occurs in a 20-40 km wide zone with a mechanically weak decoupling zone extending subvertically through the entire lithosphere. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2008rg000264 SN - 8755-1209 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Yuhang A1 - Sarhan, Radwan Mohamed A1 - Eljarrat, Alberto A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Koch, Christoph A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan A1 - Lu, Yan T1 - Surface-functionalized Au-Pd nanorods with enhanced photothermal conversion and catalytic performance JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces N2 - Bimetallic nanostructures comprising plasmonic and catalytic components have recently emerged as a promising approach to generate a new type of photo-enhanced nanoreactors. Most designs however concentrate on plasmon-induced charge separation, leaving photo-generated heat as a side product. This work presents a photoreactor based on Au-Pd nanorods with an optimized photothermal conversion, which aims to effectively utilize the photo-generated heat to increase the rate of Pd-catalyzed reactions. Dumbbell-shaped Au nanorods were fabricated via a seed-mediated growth method using binary surfactants. Pd clusters were selectively grown at the tips of the Au nanorods, using the zeta potential as a new synthetic parameter to indicate the surfactant remaining on the nanorod surface. The photothermal conversion of the Au-Pd nanorods was improved with a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) or TiO2. As a result, a 60% higher temperature increment of the dispersion compared to that for bare Au rods at the same light intensity and particle density could be achieved. The catalytic performance of the coated particles was then tested using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol as the model reaction. Under light, the PDA-coated Au-Pd nanorods exhibited an improved catalytic activity, increasing the reaction rate by a factor 3. An analysis of the activation energy confirmed the photoheating effect to be the dominant mechanism accelerating the reaction. Thus, the increased photothermal heating is responsible for the reaction acceleration. Interestingly, the same analysis shows a roughly 10% higher reaction rate for particles under illumination compared to under dark heating, possibly implying a crucial role of localized heat gradients at the particle surface. Finally, the coating thickness was identified as an essential parameter determining the photothermal conversion efficiency and the reaction acceleration. KW - Au-Pd nanorods KW - PDA KW - photothermal conversion KW - surface plasmon KW - 4-nitrophenol Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c00221 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 14 IS - 15 SP - 17259 EP - 17272 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soergel, Bjoern A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - Weindl, Isabelle A1 - Rauner, Sebastian A1 - Dirnaichner, Alois A1 - Ruhe, Constantin A1 - Hofmann, Matthias A1 - Bauer, Nico A1 - Bertram, Christoph A1 - Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon A1 - Leimbach, Marian A1 - Leininger, Julia A1 - Levesque, Antoine A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Pehl, Michaja A1 - Wingens, Christopher A1 - Baumstark, Lavinia A1 - Beier, Felicitas A1 - Dietrich, Jan Philipp A1 - Humpenöder, Florian A1 - von Jeetze, Patrick A1 - Klein, David A1 - Koch, Johannes A1 - Pietzcker, Robert C. A1 - Strefler, Jessica A1 - Lotze-Campen, Hermann A1 - Popp, Alexander T1 - A sustainable development pathway for climate action within the UN 2030 Agenda JF - Nature climate change N2 - Ambitious climate policies, as well as economic development, education, technological progress and less resource-intensive lifestyles, are crucial elements for progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, using an integrated modelling framework covering 56 indicators or proxies across all 17 SDGs, we show that they are insufficient to reach the targets. An additional sustainable development package, including international climate finance, progressive redistribution of carbon pricing revenues, sufficient and healthy nutrition and improved access to modern energy, enables a more comprehensive sustainable development pathway. We quantify climate and SDG outcomes, showing that these interventions substantially boost progress towards many aspects of the UN Agenda 2030 and simultaneously facilitate reaching ambitious climate targets. Nonetheless, several important gaps remain; for example, with respect to the eradication of extreme poverty (180 million people remaining in 2030). These gaps can be closed by 2050 for many SDGs while also respecting the 1.5 °C target and several other planetary boundaries. KW - climate-change mitigation KW - climate-change policy KW - socioeconomic scenarios KW - sustainability Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01098-3 SN - 1758-678X SN - 1758-6798 VL - 11 IS - 8 SP - 656 EP - 664 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Dongjiu A1 - Xu, Yaolin A1 - Wang, Yonglei A1 - Pan, Xuefeng A1 - Härk, Eneli A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Eljarrat, Alberto A1 - Müller, Johannes A1 - Koch, Christoph T. A1 - Yuan, Jiayin A1 - Lu, Yan T1 - Poly(ionic liquid) nanovesicle-templated carbon nanocapsules functionalized with uniform iron nitride nanoparticles as catalytic sulfur host for Li-S batteries JF - ACS nano N2 - Poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) are common precursors for heteroatom-doped carbon materials. Despite a relatively higher carbonization yield, the PIL-to-carbon conversion process faces challenges in preserving morphological and structural motifs on the nanoscale. Assisted by a thin polydopamine coating route and ion exchange, imidazoliumbased PIL nanovesicles were successfully applied in morphology-maintaining carbonization to prepare carbon composite nanocapsules. Extending this strategy further to their composites, we demonstrate the synthesis of carbon composite nanocapsules functionalized with iron nitride nanoparticles of an ultrafine, uniform size of 3-5 nm (termed "FexN@C "). Due to its unique nanostructure, the sulfur-loaded FexN@C electrode was tested to efficiently mitigate the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in Li-S batteries. The cavity of the carbon nanocapsules was spotted to better the loading content of sulfur. The well-dispersed iron nitride nanoparticles effectively catalyze the conversion of LiPSs to Li2S, owing to their high electronic conductivity and strong binding power to LiPSs. Benefiting from this well-crafted composite nanostructure, the constructed FexN@C/S cathode demonstrated a fairly high discharge capacity of 1085 mAh g(-1) at 0.5 C initially, and a remaining value of 930 mAh g(-1 )after 200 cycles. In addition, it exhibits an excellent rate capability with a high initial discharge capacity of 889.8 mAh g(-1) at 2 C. This facile PIL-to-nanocarbon synthetic approach is applicable for the exquisite design of complex hybrid carbon nanostructures with potential use in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. KW - poly(ionic liquid)s KW - nanovesicles KW - sulfur host KW - iron nitride KW - Li-S KW - batteries Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c01992 SN - 1936-0851 SN - 1936-086X VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 10554 EP - 10565 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Amend-Traut, Anja A1 - Bayerle, Katrin A1 - Duncker, Arne Dirk A1 - Dusil, Stephan A1 - Forster, Wolfgang A1 - Frassek, Ralf A1 - Hermann, Hans-Georg A1 - Koch, Elisabeth A1 - Lettmaier, Saskia A1 - Löhning, Martin A1 - Ludyga, Hannes A1 - Maetschke, Matthias A1 - Mayenburg, David von A1 - Meder, Stephan A1 - Repgen, Tilman A1 - Roth, Andreas A1 - Saar, Stefan Christoph A1 - Schlinker, Steffen A1 - Schmoeckel, Matthias A1 - Schumann, Eva A1 - Thier, Andreas T1 - Familienrecht §§ 1297-1921 T3 - Historisch-kritischer Kommentar zum BGB ; 4 Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-16-156399-7 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothe, Martin A1 - Zhao, Yuhang A1 - Müller, Johannes A1 - Kewes, Günter A1 - Koch, Christoph T. A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Benson, Oliver T1 - Self-assembly of plasmonic nanoantenna-waveguide structures for subdiffractional chiral sensing JF - ACS nano N2 - Spin-momentum locking is a peculiar effect in the near-field of guided optical or plasmonic modes. It can be utilized to map the spinning or handedness of electromagnetic fields onto the propagation direction. This motivates a method to probe the circular dichroism of an illuminated chiral object. In this work, we demonstrate local, subdiffraction limited chiral coupling of light and propagating surface plasmon polaritons in a self-assembled system of a gold nanoantenna and a silver nanowire. A thin silica shell around the nanowire provides precise distance control and also serves as a host for fluorescent molecules, which indicate the direction of plasmon propagation. We characterize our nanoantenna-nanowire systems comprehensively through correlated electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dark-field, and fluorescence imaging. Three-dimensional numerical simulations support the experimental findings. Besides our measurement of far-field polarization, we estimate sensing capabilities and derive not only a sensitivity of 1 mdeg for the ellipticity of the light field, but also find 10(3) deg cm(2)/dmol for the circular dichroism of an analyte locally introduced in the hot spot of the antenna-wire system. Thorough modeling of a prototypical design predicts on-chip sensing of chiral analytes. This introduces our system as an ultracompact sensor for chiral response far below the diffraction limit. KW - plasmonics KW - nanoparticle assemblies KW - core-shell KW - spin-orbit coupling KW - chirality KW - circular dichroism KW - nano-optics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c05240 SN - 1936-0851 SN - 1936-086X VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 351 EP - 361 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothe, Martin A1 - Zhao, Yuhang A1 - Kewes, Günter A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Sigle, Wilfried A1 - van Aken, Peter A. A1 - Koch, Christoph A1 - Ballauff, Matthias A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Benson, Oliver T1 - Silver nanowires with optimized silica coating as versatile plasmonic resonators JF - Scientific reports N2 - Metal nanoparticles are the most frequently used nanostructures in plasmonics. However, besides nanoparticles, metal nanowires feature several advantages for applications. Their elongation offers a larger interaction volume, their resonances can reach higher quality factors, and their mode structure provides better coupling into integrated hybrid dielectric-plasmonic circuits. It is crucial though, to control the distance of the wire to a supporting substrate, to another metal layer or to active materials with sub-nanometer precision. A dielectric coating can be utilized for distance control, but it must not degrade the plasmonic properties. In this paper, we introduce a controlled synthesis and coating approach for silver nanowires to fulfill these demands. We synthesize and characterize silver nanowires of around 70 nm in diameter. These nanowires are coated with nm-sized silica shells using a modified Stober method to achieve a homogeneous and smooth surface quality. We use transmission electron microscopy, dark-field microscopy and electron-energy loss spectroscopy to study morphology and plasmonic resonances of individual nanowires and quantify the influence of the silica coating. Thorough numerical simulations support the experimental findings showing that the coating does not deteriorate the plasmonic properties and thus introduce silver nanowires as usable building blocks for integrated hybrid plasmonic systems. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40380-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döbbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas A1 - Miersch, Klaas A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Bachelet, Marion A1 - Bruns, Stephan B. A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Forster, Piers M. A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Ohlendorf, Nils A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing JF - Nature communications N2 - Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between –5% to –21% across the schemes (–4% to –15% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of “what works” and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy. KW - carbon and energy KW - climate-change mitigation KW - climate-change policy KW - economics Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER -