TY  - JOUR
A1  - Foster, William J.
A1  - Heindel, Katrin
A1  - Richoz, Sylvain
A1  - Gliwa, Jana
A1  - Lehrmann, Daniel J.
A1  - Baud, Aymon
A1  - Kolar-Jurkovsek, Tea
A1  - Aljinovic, Dunja
A1  - Jurkovsek, Bogdan
A1  - Korn, Dieter
A1  - Martindale, Rowan C.
A1  - Peckmann, Jörn
T1  - Suppressed competitive exclusion enabled the proliferation of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites
JF  - The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists
N2  - During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. Here, the distribution and faunal composition of Griesbachian microbialites from China, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Slovenia and Hungary are investigated to determine the factors that allowed microbialite-forming microbial mats to flourish following the end-Permian crisis. The results presented here show that Neotethyan microbial buildups record a unique faunal association due to the presence of keratose sponges, while the Palaeotethyan buildups have a higher proportion of molluscs and the foraminifera Earlandia. The distribution of the faunal components within the microbial fabrics suggests that, except for the keratose sponges and some microconchids, most of the metazoans were transported into the microbial framework via wave currents. The presence of both microbialites and metazoan associations were limited to oxygenated settings, suggesting that a factor other than anoxia resulted in a relaxation of ecological constraints following the mass extinction event. It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites.
KW  - Competitive exclusion
KW  - Permian
KW  - Triassic
KW  - mass extinction
KW  - microbialites
KW  - palaeoecology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.97
SN  - 2055-4877
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 62
EP  - 74
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sublett, David Matthew
A1  - Sendula, Eszter
A1  - Lamadrid, Hector
A1  - Steele-MacInnis, Matthew
A1  - Spiekermann, Georg
A1  - Burruss, Robert C.
A1  - Bodnar, Robert J.
T1  - Shift in the Raman symmetric stretching band of N-2, CO2, and CH4 as a function of temperature, pressure, and density
JF  - Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS
N2  - The Raman spectra of pure N-2, CO2, and CH4 were analyzed over the range 10 to 500 bars and from -160 degrees C to 200 degrees C (N-2), 22 degrees C to 350 degrees C (CO2), and -100 degrees C to 450 degrees C (CH4). At constant temperature, Raman peak position, including the more intense CO2 peak (nu+), decreases (shifts to lower wave number) with increasing pressure for all three gases over the entire pressure and temperature (PT) range studied. At constant pressure, the peak position for CO2 and CH4 increases (shifts to higher wave number) with increasing temperature over the entire PT range studied. In contrast, N-2 first shows an increase in peak position with increasing temperature at constant pressure, followed by a decrease in peak position with increasing temperature. The inflection temperature at which the trend reverses for N-2 is located between 0 degrees C and 50 degrees C at pressures above similar to 50 bars and is pressure dependent. Below similar to 50 bars, the inflection temperature was observed as low as -120 degrees C. The shifts in Raman peak positions with PT are related to relative density changes, which reflect changes in intermolecular attraction and repulsion. A conceptual model relating the Raman spectral properties of N-2, CO2, and CH4 to relative density (volume) changes and attractive and repulsive forces is presented here. Additionally, reduced temperature-dependent densimeters and barometers are presented for each pure component over the respective PT ranges. The Raman spectral behavior of the pure gases as a function of temperature and pressure is assessed to provide a framework for understanding the behavior of each component in multicomponent N-2-CO2-CH4 gas systems in a future study.
KW  - fluids
KW  - wave number
KW  - attraction
KW  - repulsion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5805
SN  - 0377-0486
SN  - 1097-4555
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 555
EP  - 568
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Braun, David R.
A1  - Aldeias, Vera
A1  - Archer, Will
A1  - Arrowsmith, J. Ramon
A1  - Baraki, Niguss
A1  - Campisano, Christopher J.
A1  - Deino, Alan L.
A1  - DiMaggio, Erin N.
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1  - Engda, Blade
A1  - Feary, David A.
A1  - Garello, Dominique I.
A1  - Kerfelew, Zenash
A1  - McPherron, Shannon P.
A1  - Patterson, David B.
A1  - Reeves, Jonathan S.
A1  - Thompson, Jessica C.
A1  - Reed, Kaye E.
T1  - Reply to Sahle and Gossa: Technology and geochronology at the earliest known Oldowan site at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911952116
SN  - 0027-8424
N1  - Letter
VL  - 116
IS  - 41
SP  - 20261
EP  - 20262
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rinaldi, G.
A1  - Formisano, M.
A1  - Kappel, David
A1  - Capaccioni, F.
A1  - Bockelee-Morvan, D.
A1  - Cheng, Y-C
A1  - Vincent, J-B
A1  - Deshapriya, P.
A1  - Arnold, G.
A1  - Capria, M. T.
A1  - Ciarniello, M.
A1  - De Sanctis, M. C.
A1  - Doose, L.
A1  - Erard, S.
A1  - Federico, C.
A1  - Filacchione, G.
A1  - Fink, U.
A1  - Leyrat, C.
A1  - Longobardo, A.
A1  - Magni, G.
A1  - Mighorini, A.
A1  - Mottola, S.
A1  - Naletto, G.
A1  - Raponi, A.
A1  - Taylor, F.
A1  - Tosi, F.
A1  - Tozzi, G. P.
A1  - Salatti, M.
T1  - Analysis of night-side dust activity on comet 67P observed by VIRTIS-M
BT  - a new method to constrain the thermal inertia on the surface
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - On 2015 July 18, near perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 1.28 au, the Visible InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) on board the Rosetta spacecraft had the opportunity of observing dust activity in the inner coma with a view of the night side (shadowed side) of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. At the time of the measurements we present here, we observe a dust plume that originates on the far side of the nucleus. We are able to identify the approximate location of its source at the boundary between the Hapi and Anuket regions, and we find that it has been in darkness for some hours before the observation. Assuming that this time span is equal to the conductive time scale, we obtain a thermal inertia in the range 25-36 W K-1 m(-2) s(-1/2). These thermal inertia values can be used to verify with a 3D finite-element method (REM) numerical code whether the surface and subsurface temperatures agree with the values found in the literature. We explored three different configurations: (1) a layer of water ice mixed with dust beneath a dust mantle of 5 mm with thermal inertia of 36 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5 ; (2) the same structure, but with thermal inertia of 100 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5; (3) an ice-dust mixture that is directly exposed. Of these three configurations, the first seems to be the most reasonable, both for the low thermal inertia and for the agreement with the surface and subsurface temperatures that have been found for the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spectral properties of the plume show that the visible dust color ranged from 16 +/- 4.8%/100 nm to 13 +/- 2.6%/100 nm, indicating that this plume has no detectable color gradient. The morphology of the plume can be classified as a narrow jet that has an estimated total ejected mass of between 6 and 19 tons when we assume size distribution indices between -2.5 and -3.
KW  - comets: general
KW  - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
KW  - infrared: planetary systems
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834907
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 630
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tubiana, C.
A1  - Rinaldi, G.
A1  - Guettler, C.
A1  - Snodgrass, C.
A1  - Shi, X.
A1  - Hu, X.
A1  - Marschall, R.
A1  - Fulle, M.
A1  - Bockeele-Morvan, D.
A1  - Naletto, G.
A1  - Capaccioni, F.
A1  - Sierks, H.
A1  - Arnold, G.
A1  - Barucci, M. A.
A1  - Bertaux, J-L
A1  - Bertini, I
A1  - Bodewits, D.
A1  - Capria, M. T.
A1  - Ciarniello, M.
A1  - Cremonese, G.
A1  - Crovisier, J.
A1  - Da Deppo, V
A1  - Debei, S.
A1  - De Cecco, M.
A1  - Deller, J.
A1  - De Sanctis, M. C.
A1  - Davidsson, B.
A1  - Doose, L.
A1  - Erard, S.
A1  - Filacchione, G.
A1  - Fink, U.
A1  - Formisano, M.
A1  - Fornasier, S.
A1  - Gutierrez, P. J.
A1  - Ip, W-H
A1  - Ivanovski, S.
A1  - Kappel, David
A1  - Keller, H. U.
A1  - Kolokolova, L.
A1  - Koschny, D.
A1  - Krueger, H.
A1  - La Forgia, F.
A1  - Lamy, P. L.
A1  - Lara, L. M.
A1  - Lazzarin, M.
A1  - Levasseur-Regourd, A. C.
A1  - Lin, Z-Y
A1  - Longobardo, A.
A1  - Lopez-Moreno, J. J.
A1  - Marzari, F.
A1  - Migliorini, A.
A1  - Mottola, S.
A1  - Rodrigo, R.
A1  - Taylor, F.
A1  - Toth, I
A1  - Zakharov, V
T1  - Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed.
KW  - comets: general
KW  - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
KW  - methods: data analysis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834869
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 630
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baran, Andrzej S.
A1  - Telting, J. H.
A1  - Jeffery, C. Simon
A1  - Ostensen, R. H.
A1  - Vos, Joris
A1  - Reed, M. D.
A1  - Vŭcković, Maja
T1  - K2 observations of the sdBV plus dM/bd binaries PHL457 and EQPsc
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We present an analysis of two pulsating subdwarf B stars PHL 457 and EQ Psc observed during the K2 mission. The K2 light curves of both stars show variation consistent with irradiation of a cooler companion by the hot subdwarf. They also show higher frequency oscillations consistent with pulsation. Using new spectroscopic data, we measured the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, and helium abundance of both hot subdwarfs as a function of orbital phase. We confirm the previously published spectroscopic orbit of PHL 457, and present the first spectroscopic orbit of EQ Psc. The orbital periods are 0.313 and 0.801 d, respectively. For EQPsc, we find a strong correlation between T-eff and orbital phase, due to contribution of light from the irradiated companion. We calculated amplitude spectra, identified significant pulsation frequencies, and searched for multiplets and asymptotic period spacings. By means of multiplets and period spacing, we identified the degrees of several pulsation modes in each star. The g-mode multiplets indicate subsynchronous core rotation with periods of 4.6 d (PHL 457) and 9.4 d (EQ Psc). We made spectral energy disctribution (SED) fits of PHL 457 and EQ Psc using available broad-band photometry and Gaia data. While the SED of PHL 457 shows no evidence of a cool companion, the SED for EQPsc clearly shows an infrared (IR) access consistent with a secondary with a temperature of about 6800K and a radius of 0.23 R-circle dot. This is the first detection of an IR access in any sdB + dM binary.
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - stars: individual (PHL 457, EQ Psc)
KW  - stars: oscillations (including pulsations)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2209
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 489
IS  - 2
SP  - 1556
EP  - 1571
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holtzman, Nicholas S.
A1  - Tackman, Allison M.
A1  - Carey, Angela L.
A1  - Brucks, Melanie S.
A1  - Kuefner, Albrecht C. P.
A1  - Deters, Fenne Grosse
A1  - Back, Mitja D.
A1  - Donnellan, M. Brent
A1  - Pennebaker, James W.
A1  - Sherman, Ryne A.
A1  - Mehl, Matthias R.
T1  - Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples
JF  - Journal of Language and Social Psychology
N2  - Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| < .10).
KW  - language
KW  - LIWC
KW  - narcissism
KW  - personality
KW  - text analysis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X19871084
SN  - 0261-927X
SN  - 1552-6526
VL  - 38
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 773
EP  - 786
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mueller, Megan A.
A1  - Licht, Alexis
A1  - Campbell, C.
A1  - Ocakoglu, F.
A1  - Taylor, Marc Hollis
A1  - Burch, L.
A1  - Ugrai, Tamas
A1  - Kaya, M.
A1  - Kurtoglu, B.
A1  - Coster, P. M. C.
A1  - Metais, Mustafa Yücel
A1  - Beard, Kenneth Christopher
T1  - Collision Chronology Along the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone: Insights From the Saricakaya Basin, Western Anatolia
JF  - Tectonics
N2  - Debate persists concerning the timing and geodynamics of intercontinental collision, style of syncollisional deformation, and development of topography and fold-and-thrust belts along the >1,700-km-long Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (IAESZ) in Turkey. Resolving this debate is a necessary precursor to evaluating the integrity of convergent margin models and kinematic, topographic, and biogeographic reconstructions of the Mediterranean domain. Geodynamic models argue either for a synchronous or diachronous collision during either the Late Cretaceous and/or Eocene, followed by Eocene slab breakoff and postcollisional magmatism. We investigate the collision chronology in western Anatolia as recorded in the sedimentary archives of the 90-km-long Saricakaya Basin perched at shallow structural levels along the IAESZ. Based on new zircon U-Pb geochronology and depositional environment and sedimentary provenance results, we demonstrate that the Saricakaya Basin is an Eocene sedimentary basin with sediment sourced from both the IAESZ and Sogut Thrust fault to the south and north, respectively, and formed primarily by flexural loading from north-south shortening along the syncollisional Sogut Thrust. Our results refine the timing of collision between the Anatolides and Pontide terranes in western Anatolia to Maastrichtian-Middle Paleocene and Early Eocene crustal shortening and basin formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate contemporaneous collision, deformation, and magmatism across the IAESZ, supporting synchronous collision models. We show that regional postcollisional magmatism can be explained by renewed underthrusting instead of slab breakoff. This new IAESZ chronology provides additional constraints for kinematic, geodynamic, and biogeographic reconstructions of the Mediterranean domain.
KW  - Anatolia
KW  - geochronology
KW  - collision
KW  - Eocene
KW  - detrital zircons
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005683
SN  - 0278-7407
SN  - 1944-9194
VL  - 38
IS  - 10
SP  - 3652
EP  - 3674
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Markowska, Monika
A1  - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd
A1  - Treble, Pauline C.
A1  - Baker, Andy
A1  - Andersen, Martin S.
A1  - Hua, Quan
T1  - Modelling the C-14 bomb-pulse in young speleothems using a soil carbon continuum model
JF  - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society
N2  - The ‘bomb-pulse’ method is a chronological approach to further constrain the age of speleothems that grew between 1950 CE – present. Establishing dependable chronological constraints is crucial for modern calibration studies of speleothems to instrumental climate records, which provides the basis for paleoclimate interpretations. However, a large unknown is how 14C is transferred from the atmosphere to any individual speleothem owing to the site-specific residence times of organic matter above cave systems. Here, we employ the bomb-pulse method to build chronologies from 14C measurements in combination with a new unsaturated zone C model which considers C decomposition as a continuum, to better understand unsaturated zone 14C dynamics. The bomb-pulse curves of eight speleothems from southern Australia in three contrasting climatic regions; the semi-arid Wellington Caves site, the mediterranean Golgotha Cave site and the montane Yarrangobilly Caves site, are investigated. Overall, the modelled 14C bomb-pulse curves produce excellent fits with measured 14C speleothem data (r2 = 0.82–0.99). The C modelling reveals that unsaturated zone C is predominately young at the semi-arid site, with a weighted-mean residence time of 32 years and that tree root respiration is likely an important source of vadose CO2. At the montane site, ∼39% of C is young (<1 years), but the weighted-mean C ages are older (145–220 years). The mediterranean site has very little contribution from young C (<12%: 0–1 years), with weighted-mean ages between 157 and 245 years, likely due to greater adsorption of organic matter in the upper vadose zone during matrix flow, and remobilisation of C from young syngenetic karst. New end members for low speleothem Dead Carbon Proportion (DCP) are identified (2.19% and 1.65%, respectively) for Australian montane and semi-arid zone speleothems, where oversupply of modern CO2 in the vadose zone leads to lower DCP. It is also demonstrated that DCP can be quite variable over small time scales, that processes may be difficult to untangle and a constant DCP assumption is likely invalid. DCP variability over time is mainly controlled by the changes vadose zone CO2, where vegetation regeneration, wild-fires and karst hydrology play an important role.
KW  - Carbon 14
KW  - speleothems
KW  - vadose zone
KW  - modelling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.029
SN  - 0016-7037
SN  - 1872-9533
VL  - 261
SP  - 342
EP  - 367
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Botzen, W. J. Wouter
A1  - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.
T1  - Flood insurance arrangements in the European Union for future flood risk under climate and socioeconomic change
JF  - Global environmental change : human and policy dimensions
N2  - Flood risk will increase in many areas around the world due to climate change and increase in economic exposure. This implies that adequate flood insurance schemes are needed to adapt to increasing flood risk and to minimise welfare losses for households in flood-prone areas. Flood insurance markets may need reform to offer sufficient and affordable financial protection and incentives for risk reduction. Here, we present the results of a study that aims to evaluate the ability of flood insurance arrangements in Europe to cope with trends in flood risk, using criteria that encompass common elements of the policy debate on flood insurance reform. We show that the average risk-based flood insurance premium could double between 2015 and 2055 in the absence of more risk reduction by households exposed to flooding. We show that part of the expected future increase in flood risk could be limited by flood insurance mechanisms that better incentivise risk reduction by policyholders, which lowers vulnerability. The affordability of flood insurance can be improved by introducing the key features of public-private partnerships (PPPs), which include public reinsurance, limited premium cross-subsidisation between low- and high-risk households, and incentives for policyholder-level risk reduction. These findings were evaluated in a comprehensive sensitivity analysis and support ongoing reforms in Europe and abroad that move towards risk-based premiums and link insurance with risk reduction, strengthen purchase requirements, and engage in multi-stakeholder partnerships.
KW  - Climate change adaptation
KW  - Flood risk
KW  - Insurance
KW  - Public-private partnerships
KW  - Risk reduction
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101966
SN  - 0959-3780
SN  - 1872-9495
VL  - 58
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -