TY  - JOUR
A1  - Send, Tabea Sarah
A1  - Bardtke, Svenja
A1  - Gilles, Maria
A1  - Wolf, Isabella Germaine
A1  - Sütterlin, Marc W.
A1  - Kirschbaum, Clemens
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Streit, Fabian
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
T1  - Stress reactivity in preschool-aged children
BT  - Evaluation of a social stress paradigm and investigation of the impact of prenatal maternal stress
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Prenatal maternal stress is an established risk factor for somatic and psychological health of the offspring. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring has been suggested as an important mechanism. However, the impact of prenatal stress on stress reactivity in preschool-aged children is not yet well understood. This is partly due to the fact that for this age group there is no stress test as well established as for older children and adults. In the present work a previously published stress test (Kryski et al., 2011) was evaluated in a large sample of 45-month-old children (n = 339). Furthermore, the relation between measures of prenatal maternal stress and cortisol reactivity was investigated. Prenatal stress was defined as psychopathology (self-report available for n = 339; expert-rating available for a subsample of n = 246) and perceived stress (n = 244) during pregnancy. The stress paradigm elicited significant increases in salivary cortisol 30 and 40 min after the test, and 60.8% of the children were classified as responders. Lower cortisol levels after the stress test were observed in the group of children with prenatal stress defined as maternal psychopathology (both self-reported and expert-rated). Maternal perceived stress as a continuous measure was not significantly associated with cortisol levels. However, when comparing children in the highest quartile of maternal perceived stress to all other children, significantly lower cortisol values were observed in the prenatally stressed group. The present study confirms the paradigm by Kryski et al. as an effective stress test for preschool-aged children. Moreover, it provides further evidence that prenatal stress impacts HPA axis reactivity. Future studies should target the timing, nature, and intensity of prenatal stressors and their effect on the stress response in offspring at different developmental stages.
KW  - Stress test
KW  - Children
KW  - Prenatal stress
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - HPA axis reactivity
KW  - Psychopathology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.002
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 101
SP  - 223
EP  - 231
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Send, Tabea Sarah
A1  - Gilles, Maria
A1  - Codd, Veryan
A1  - Wolf, Isabell
A1  - Bardtke, Svenja
A1  - Streit, Fabian
A1  - Strohmaier, Jana
A1  - Frank, Josef
A1  - Schendel, Darja
A1  - Suetterlin, Mark W.
A1  - Denniff, Matthew
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Samani, Nilesh J.
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
T1  - Telomere Length in Newborns is Related to Maternal Stress During Pregnancy
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological aging, and numerous studies have shown associations between TL and somatic or psychiatric disorders. Research also indicates an association between maternal stress during pregnancy and TL in the offspring. The present study investigated possible associations between TL and: (1) maternal perceived stress during pregnancy; (2) a maternal lifetime history of psychiatric disorder (lifetime PD); and (3) paternal age. TL was analyzed in 319 newborns and 318 mothers from a predominantly Caucasian sample (n= 273 Caucasian newborns and n= 274 Caucasian mothers). Two key findings were observed. First, maternal perceived stress during pregnancy was associated with shorter telomeres in newborns but not with maternal TL. Second, maternal lifetime PD was associated with shorter maternal telomeres, but not with TL in newborns. Paternal age was not associated with TL in newborns. The finding that maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with shorter telomeres in newborns supports the results of smaller previous studies. The fact that a relation between maternal prenatal stress and TL was observed in the offspring but not in mothers may be attributable to a high vulnerability to stress during intrauterine development of a maturing organism. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date to show that maternal stress during pregnancy but not maternal lifetime PD is associated with shorter telomeres in the offspring.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.73
SN  - 0893-133X
SN  - 1740-634X
VL  - 42
SP  - 2407
EP  - 2413
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  -