TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, Anne
A1  - Batsios, Petros
A1  - Baumann, Otto
A1  - Luckert, Eva
A1  - Schwarz, Heinz
A1  - Stick, Reimer
A1  - Meyer, Irene
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
T1  - Characterization of NE81, the first lamin-like nucleoskeleton protein in a unicellular organism
JF  - Molecular biology of the cell : the official publication of the American Society for Cell Biology
N2  - Lamins build the nuclear lamina and are required for chromatin organization, gene expression, cell cycle progression, and mechanical stabilization. Despite these universal functions, lamins have so far been found only in metazoans. We have identified protein NE81 in Dictyostelium, which has properties that justify its denomination as a lamin-like protein in a lower eukaryote. This is based on its primary structure, subcellular localization, and regulation during mitosis, and its requirement of the C-terminal CaaX box as a posttranslational processing signal for proper localization. Our knockout and overexpression mutants revealed an important role for NE81 in nuclear integrity, chromatin organization, and mechanical stability of cells. All our results are in agreement with a role for NE81 in formation of a nuclear lamina. This function is corroborated by localization of Dictyostelium NE81 at the nuclear envelope in human cells. The discovery of a lamin-like protein in a unicellular organism is not only intriguing in light of evolution, it may also provide a simple experimental platform for studies of the molecular basis of laminopathies.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E11-07-0595
SN  - 1059-1524
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 360
EP  - 370
PB  - American Society for Cell Biology
CY  - Bethesda
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Eiselt, Anne-Kathrin
T1  - Numerical distance effects in visual search
JF  - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2  - We present three experiments in which observers searched for a target digit among distractor digits in displays in which the mean numerical target-distractor distance was varied. Search speed and accuracy increased with numerical distance in both target-present and target-absent trials (Exp. 1A). In Experiment 1B, the target 5 was replaced with the letter S. The results suggest that the findings of Experiment 1A do not simply reflect the fact that digits that were numerically closer to the target coincidentally also shared more physical features with it. In Experiment 2, the numerical distance effect increased with set size in both target-present and target-absent trials. These findings are consistent with the view that increasing numerical target-distractor distance affords faster nontarget rejection and target identification times. Recent neurobiological findings (e.g., Nieder, 2011) on the neuronal coding of numerosity have reported a width of tuning curves of numerosity-selective neurons that suggests graded, distance-dependent coactivation of the representations of adjacent numbers, which in visual search would make it harder to reject numerically closer distractors as nontargets.
KW  - Numerical distance effect
KW  - Visual search
KW  - Category effect
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Numerical magnitude
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0342-8
SN  - 1943-3921
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1103
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -