TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang A1 - Eiselt, Anne-Kathrin T1 - The perception of temporal order along the mental number line N2 - R. Sekuler, P. Tynan, and E. Levinson (1973) found that when 2 characters are presented side-by-side with a short onset asynchrony, subjectively, they often appear in a "first-left, then-right" order. The authors of this article conducted 6 experiments in which observers judged the temporal order (TOJs) in which 2 digits were presented. They found a consistent TOJ benefit (larger d') when the numerically smaller digit was presented first, even though this semantic information was irrelevant to the task and unrelated to the correct response. They concluded that digits located to the left of the mental number line are transmitted faster to a central comparison stage, which represents an "internal counterpart" to the Sekuler et al. (1973) finding regarding external locations. A corresponding benefit is found for letters pairs (e.g., A-Z) and also for mixed digit-letter pairs (e.g., I-Z). Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/xhp/index.aspx U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0013703 SN - 0096-1523 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Anne T1 - The particles lé and lá in the grammar of Konkomba N2 - The paper investigates focus marking devices in the scarcely documented North-Ghanaian Gur language Konkomba. The two particles lé and lá occur under specific focus conditions and are therefore regarded as focus markers in the sparse literature. Comparing the distribution and obligatoriness of both alleged focus markers however, I show that one of the particles, lé, is better analyzed as a connective particle, i.e. as a syntactic rather than as a genuine pragmatic marker, and that comparable syntactic focus marking strategies for sentence-initial constituents are also known from related languages. KW - morphological focus marking KW - syntactic focus marking KW - conjunction KW - topic-comment KW - Konkomba Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19449 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Ines A1 - Hartmann, Katharina A1 - Reineke, Brigitte A1 - Schwarz, Anne A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Subject focus in West African languages Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-0-19-957095-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Anne T1 - QUIS data from Buli, Kɔnni and Baatɔnum with notes on the comparative approach JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Selection of QUIS Data for Comparative Goals 2.1 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse) 2.2 Focus Translation Extract 3. On the Presentation and Comparison of the Data 4. Buli 4.1 Tomatoes Fairy Tale in Buli 4.2 Focus Translation Extract in Buli 5. Kɔnni 5.1 Tomatoes Fairy Tale in Kɔnni 5.2 Focus Translation Extract 6. Baatɔnum 6.1 Tomatoes Fairy Tale in Baatɔnum 6.2 Focus Translation Extract in Baatɔnum Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51415 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 16 SP - 1 EP - 48 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Fiedler, Ines A1 - Hellmuth, Sam A1 - Schwarz, Anne A1 - Stoel, Ruben A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Krifka, Manfred T1 - Questionnaire on information structure (OUIS): reference manual N2 - Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Information Structure 2 Grammatical Correlates of Information Structure 3 Structure of the Questionnaire 4 Experimental Tasks 5 Technicalities 6 Archiving 7 Acknowledgments Chapter 2. General Questions 1 General Information 2 Phonology 3 Morphology and Syntax Chapter 3. Experimental tasks 1 Changes (Given/New in Intransitives and Transitives) 2 Giving (Given/New in Ditransitives) 3 Visibility (Given/New, Animacy and Type/Token Reference) 4 Locations (Given/New in Locative Expressions) 5 Sequences (Given/New/Contrast in Transitives) 6 Dynamic Localization (Given/New in Dynamic Loc. Descriptions) 7 Birthday Party (Weight and Discourse Status) 8 Static Localization (Macro-Planning and Given/New in Locatives) 9 Guiding (Presentational Utterances) 10 Event Cards (All New) 11 Anima (Focus types and Animacy) 12 Contrast (Contrast in pairing events) 13 Animal Game (Broad/Narrow Focus in NP) 14 Properties (Focus on Property and Possessor) 15 Eventives (Thetic and Categorical Utterances) 16 Tell a Story (Contrast in Text) 17 Focus Cards (Selective, Restrictive, Additive, Rejective Focus) 18 Who does What (Answers to Multiple Constituent Questions) 19 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse) 20 Map Task (Contrastive and Selective Focus in Spontaneous Dialogue) 21 Drama (Contrastive Focus in Argumentation) 22 Events in Places (Spatial, Temporal and Complex Topics) 23 Path Descriptions (Topic Change in Narrative) 24 Groups (Partial Topic) 25 Connections (Bridging Topic) 26 Indirect (Implicational Topic) 27 Surprises (Subject-Topic Interrelation) 28 Doing (Action Given, Action Topic) 29 Influences (Question Priming) Chapter 4. Translation tasks 1 Basic Intonational Properties 2 Focus Translation 3 Topic Translation 4 Quantifiers Chapter 5. Information structure summary survey 1 Preliminaries 2 Syntax 3 Morphology 4 Prosody 5 Summary: Information structure Chapter 6. Performance of Experimental Tasks in the Field 1 Field sessions 2 Field Session Metadata 3 Informants’ Agreement T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 4 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12413 SN - 978-3-939469-14-8 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Ines A1 - Schwarz, Anne T1 - Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected non-focal sentence part in African tone languages. Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses. First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration. It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures. KW - ex-situ focus KW - focus marker KW - relative clause KW - conjunction KW - grammaticalization Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8739 SN - 1866-4725 SN - 1614-4708 IS - 3 SP - 111 EP - 142 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang A1 - Eiselt, Anne-Kathrin T1 - Numerical distance effects in visual search JF - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc. N2 - We present three experiments in which observers searched for a target digit among distractor digits in displays in which the mean numerical target-distractor distance was varied. Search speed and accuracy increased with numerical distance in both target-present and target-absent trials (Exp. 1A). In Experiment 1B, the target 5 was replaced with the letter S. The results suggest that the findings of Experiment 1A do not simply reflect the fact that digits that were numerically closer to the target coincidentally also shared more physical features with it. In Experiment 2, the numerical distance effect increased with set size in both target-present and target-absent trials. These findings are consistent with the view that increasing numerical target-distractor distance affords faster nontarget rejection and target identification times. Recent neurobiological findings (e.g., Nieder, 2011) on the neuronal coding of numerosity have reported a width of tuning curves of numerosity-selective neurons that suggests graded, distance-dependent coactivation of the representations of adjacent numbers, which in visual search would make it harder to reject numerically closer distractors as nontargets. KW - Numerical distance effect KW - Visual search KW - Category effect KW - Mental number line KW - Numerical magnitude Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0342-8 SN - 1943-3921 VL - 74 IS - 6 SP - 1098 EP - 1103 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kann, Oliver A1 - Schwarz, Michael A1 - Dethloff, Andreas A1 - Mende, Volker A1 - Thiele, Andrea A1 - Meumann, Markus A1 - Rous, Anne-Simone ED - Kann, Oliver ED - Schwarz, Michael T1 - Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit = Themenheft: Militärisches Wissen vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert N2 - Militärgeschichte und Wissensgeschichte bilden zwei in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten international prosperierende Forschungsfelder, die bislang aber selten miteinander in Dialog getreten sind. Das Themenheft nimmt dies zum Anlass, exemplarisch die Potentiale wissensgeschichtlicher Perspektiven für die (früh-)neuzeitliche Militärgeschichte auszuloten und dabei zugleich den bislang oft unreflektierten Zäsurcharakter der Jahre um 1800 kritisch zu beleuchten. Gab es eine eigene militärische Wissenskultur oder inwieweit partizipierte das Militär an den zivilen Wissenskulturen seiner sozialen Umwelt? Welche Akteure, welche Praktiken und welche Medien spielten eine Rolle bei der Verwissenschaftlichung des Militärischen im Wandel von der Kriegskunst zur Kriegswissenschaft? Gerade der geweitete analytische Horizont der Wissensgeschichte ermöglicht es, der Vielfalt der Wissensformen Rechnung zu tragen und entsprechende Entwicklungen angemessen in ihren historischen Kontexten zu verorten. Darüber hinaus bietet der epochenübergreifende Zuschnitt die Chance, nicht nur Brüche, sondern auch mögliche Kontinuitäten zwischen frühneuzeitlichem und neuzeitlichem Militärwesen sowie dessen Beziehungen zum Wissen aufzuzeigen und etwaige Ungenauigkeiten oder historiographisch bedingte Verkürzungen durch neue Akzentsetzungen zu korrigieren. T3 - Militär und Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit - 22 KW - Offizierskorps KW - Kursachsen KW - Aufklärung KW - Bildung KW - Militärgeschichte KW - Reglement KW - Normierung KW - Militärökonomie KW - Sachsen-Gotha KW - Hessen-Kassel KW - Preußen KW - Landvermessung KW - Kartographie KW - Geographie KW - Generalstab KW - Deutsches Reich KW - Ingenieurkorps KW - Festung KW - Biographie KW - Niederlande KW - Soldatenhandel KW - Truppenexporte KW - Caspar Schmalkalden KW - Kriegsartikel KW - Militärgerichtsbarkeit KW - Militärstrafrecht KW - Brandenburg (Kfstm.) KW - Schweden KW - Intelligence KW - Spionage KW - Informationspolitik KW - Kryptologie KW - Sachsen Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474718 SN - 978-3-86956-495-1 SN - 1617-9722 SN - 1861-910X VL - 22 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jobst, Anne A1 - Knobloch, Eberhard A1 - Leitner, Ulrike A1 - Mikosch, Regina A1 - Pieper, Herbert A1 - Schwarz, Ingo A1 - Werner, Petra A1 - Werther, Romy T1 - Margot Faak zum 80. Geburtstag KW - BBAW KW - Margot Faak Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-35594 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - VII IS - 13 SP - 8 EP - 9 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schwarz, Anne A1 - Fiedler, Ines T1 - Linguistic Fieldnotes III: Information Structure in Gur and Kwa Languages N2 - This is the 16th issue of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 632. The present issue continues the series on Linguistic Fieldnotes providing data elicited and documented by different members of the Sonderforschungsbereich 632. Here, the focus is placed on primary linguistic data from Gur and Kwa languages, collected and prepared by Anne Schwarz, former investigator in Project B1 and D2, and Ines Fiedler, former investigator in Project B1 and D2 and current member of Project B7 at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 16 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51094 ER -