TY  - JOUR
A1  - Horikoshi, Momoko
A1  - Yaghootkar, Hanieh
A1  - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.
A1  - Sovio, Ulla
A1  - Taal, H. Rob
A1  - Hennig, Branwen J.
A1  - Bradfield, Jonathan P.
A1  - St Pourcain, Beate
A1  - Evans, David M.
A1  - Charoen, Pimphen
A1  - Kaakinen, Marika
A1  - Cousminer, Diana L.
A1  - Lehtimaki, Terho
A1  - Kreiner-Moller, Eskil
A1  - Warrington, Nicole M.
A1  - Bustamante, Mariona
A1  - Feenstra, Bjarke
A1  - Berry, Diane J.
A1  - Thiering, Elisabeth
A1  - Pfab, Thiemo
A1  - Barton, Sheila J.
A1  - Shields, Beverley M.
A1  - Kerkhof, Marjan
A1  - van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M.
A1  - Fulford, Anthony J.
A1  - Kutalik, Zoltan
A1  - Zhao, Jing Hua
A1  - den Hoed, Marcel
A1  - Mahajan, Anubha
A1  - Lindi, Virpi
A1  - Goh, Liang-Kee
A1  - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
A1  - Wu, Ying
A1  - Raitakari, Olli T.
A1  - Harder, Marie N.
A1  - Meirhaeghe, Aline
A1  - Ntalla, Ioanna
A1  - Salem, Rany M.
A1  - Jameson, Karen A.
A1  - Zhou, Kaixin
A1  - Monies, Dorota M.
A1  - Lagou, Vasiliki
A1  - Kirin, Mirna
A1  - Heikkinen, Jani
A1  - Adair, Linda S.
A1  - Alkuraya, Fowzan S.
A1  - Al-Odaib, Ali
A1  - Amouyel, Philippe
A1  - Andersson, Ehm Astrid
A1  - Bennett, Amanda J.
A1  - Blakemore, Alexandra I. F.
A1  - Buxton, Jessica L.
A1  - Dallongeville, Jean
A1  - Das, Shikta
A1  - de Geus, Eco J. C.
A1  - Estivill, Xavier
A1  - Flexeder, Claudia
A1  - Froguel, Philippe
A1  - Geller, Frank
A1  - Godfrey, Keith M.
A1  - Gottrand, Frederic
A1  - Groves, Christopher J.
A1  - Hansen, Torben
A1  - Hirschhorn, Joel N.
A1  - Hofman, Albert
A1  - Hollegaard, Mads V.
A1  - Hougaard, David M.
A1  - Hyppoenen, Elina
A1  - Inskip, Hazel M.
A1  - Isaacs, Aaron
A1  - Jorgensen, Torben
A1  - Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina
A1  - Kemp, John P.
A1  - Kiess, Wieland
A1  - Kilpelainen, Tuomas O.
A1  - Klopp, Norman
A1  - Knight, Bridget A.
A1  - Kuzawa, Christopher W.
A1  - McMahon, George
A1  - Newnham, John P.
A1  - Niinikoski, Harri
A1  - Oostra, Ben A.
A1  - Pedersen, Louise
A1  - Postma, Dirkje S.
A1  - Ring, Susan M.
A1  - Rivadeneira, Fernando
A1  - Robertson, Neil R.
A1  - Sebert, Sylvain
A1  - Simell, Olli
A1  - Slowinski, Torsten
A1  - Tiesler, Carla M. T.
A1  - Toenjes, Anke
A1  - Vaag, Allan
A1  - Viikari, Jorma S.
A1  - Vink, Jacqueline M.
A1  - Vissing, Nadja Hawwa
A1  - Wareham, Nicholas J.
A1  - Willemsen, Gonneke
A1  - Witte, Daniel R.
A1  - Zhang, Haitao
A1  - Zhao, Jianhua
A1  - Wilson, James F.
A1  - Stumvoll, Michael
A1  - Prentice, Andrew M.
A1  - Meyer, Brian F.
A1  - Pearson, Ewan R.
A1  - Boreham, Colin A. G.
A1  - Cooper, Cyrus
A1  - Gillman, Matthew W.
A1  - Dedoussis, George V.
A1  - Moreno, Luis A.
A1  - Pedersen, Oluf
A1  - Saarinen, Maiju
A1  - Mohlke, Karen L.
A1  - Boomsma, Dorret I.
A1  - Saw, Seang-Mei
A1  - Lakka, Timo A.
A1  - Koerner, Antje
A1  - Loos, Ruth J. F.
A1  - Ong, Ken K.
A1  - Vollenweider, Peter
A1  - van Duijn, Cornelia M.
A1  - Koppelman, Gerard H.
A1  - Hattersley, Andrew T.
A1  - Holloway, John W.
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Heinrich, Joachim
A1  - Power, Chris
A1  - Melbye, Mads
A1  - Guxens, Monica
A1  - Pennell, Craig E.
A1  - Bonnelykke, Klaus
A1  - Bisgaard, Hans
A1  - Eriksson, Johan G.
A1  - Widen, Elisabeth
A1  - Hakonarson, Hakon
A1  - Uitterlinden, Andre G.
A1  - Pouta, Anneli
A1  - Lawlor, Debbie A.
A1  - Smith, George Davey
A1  - Frayling, Timothy M.
A1  - McCarthy, Mark I.
A1  - Grant, Struan F. A.
A1  - Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
A1  - Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
A1  - Timpson, Nicholas J.
A1  - Prokopenko, Inga
A1  - Freathy, Rachel M.
T1  - New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism
JF  - Nature genetics
N2  - Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2477
SN  - 1061-4036
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 76
EP  - U115
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Comas-Bru, Laia
A1  - Harrison, Sandy P.
A1  - Werner, Martin
A1  - Rehfeld, Kira
A1  - Scroxton, Nick
A1  - Veiga-Pires, Cristina
A1  - Ahmad, Syed Masood
A1  - Brahim, Yassine Ait
A1  - Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad
A1  - Arienzo, Monica
A1  - Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat
A1  - Baker, Andy
A1  - Braun, Kerstin
A1  - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin
A1  - Burstyn, Yuval
A1  - Chawchai, Sakonvan
A1  - Columbu, Andrea
A1  - Deininger, Michael
A1  - Demeny, Attila
A1  - Dixon, Bronwyn
A1  - Hatvani, Istvan Gabor
A1  - Hu, Jun
A1  - Kaushal, Nikita
A1  - Kern, Zoltan
A1  - Labuhn, Inga
A1  - Lachniet, Matthew S.
A1  - Lechleitner, Franziska A.
A1  - Lorrey, Andrew
A1  - Markowska, Monika
A1  - Nehme, Carole
A1  - Novello, Valdir F.
A1  - Oster, Jessica
A1  - Perez-Mejias, Carlos
A1  - Pickering, Robyn
A1  - Sekhon, Natasha
A1  - Wang, Xianfeng
A1  - Warken, Sophie
A1  - Atkinson, Tim
A1  - Ayalon, Avner
A1  - Baldini, James
A1  - Bar-Matthews, Miryam
A1  - Bernal, Juan Pablo
A1  - Boch, Ronny
A1  - Borsato, Andrea
A1  - Boyd, Meighan
A1  - Brierley, Chris
A1  - Cai, Yanjun
A1  - Carolin, Stacy
A1  - Cheng, Hai
A1  - Constantin, Silviu
A1  - Couchoud, Isabelle
A1  - Cruz, Francisco
A1  - Denniston, Rhawn
A1  - Dragusin, Virgil
A1  - Duan, Wuhui
A1  - Ersek, Vasile
A1  - Finne, Martin
A1  - Fleitmann, Dominik
A1  - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd
A1  - Frappier, Amy
A1  - Genty, Dominique
A1  - Holzkamper, Steffen
A1  - Hopley, Philip
A1  - Johnston, Vanessa
A1  - Kathayat, Gayatri
A1  - Keenan-Jones, Duncan
A1  - Koltai, Gabriella
A1  - Li, Ting-Yong
A1  - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
A1  - Luetscher, Marc
A1  - Mattey, Dave
A1  - Moreno, Ana
A1  - Moseley, Gina
A1  - Psomiadis, David
A1  - Ruan, Jiaoyang
A1  - Scholz, Denis
A1  - Sha, Lijuan
A1  - Smith, Andrew Christopher
A1  - Strikis, Nicolas
A1  - Treble, Pauline
A1  - Unal-Imer, Ezgi
A1  - Vaks, Anton
A1  - Vansteenberge, Stef
A1  - Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G.
A1  - Wong, Corinne
A1  - Wortham, Barbara
A1  - Wurtzel, Jennifer
A1  - Zhang, Haiwei
T1  - Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial
JF  - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data–model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem δ18O records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data–model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on δ18O values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1557-2019
SN  - 1814-9324
SN  - 1814-9332
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1579
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eigmüller, Philipp
A1  - Chaushev, Alexander
A1  - Gillen, Edward
A1  - Smith, Alexis
A1  - Nielsen, Louise D.
A1  - Turner, Oliver
A1  - Csizmadia, Szilard
A1  - Smalley, Barry
A1  - Bayliss, Daniel
A1  - Belardi, Claudia
A1  - Bouchy, Francois
A1  - Burleigh, Matthew R.
A1  - Cabrera, Juan
A1  - Casewell, Sarah L.
A1  - Chazelas, Bruno
A1  - Cooke, Benjamin F.
A1  - Erikson, Anders
A1  - Gansicke, Boris T.
A1  - Guenther, Maximilian N.
A1  - Goad, Michael R.
A1  - Grange, Andrew
A1  - Jackman, James A. G.
A1  - Jenkins, James S.
A1  - McCormac, James
A1  - Moyano, Maximiliano
A1  - Pollacco, Don
A1  - Poppenhäger, Katja
A1  - Queloz, Didier
A1  - Raynard, Liam
A1  - Rauer, Heike
A1  - Udry, Stephane
A1  - Walker, Simon. R.
A1  - Watson, Christopher A.
A1  - West, Richard G.
A1  - Wheatley, Peter J.
T1  - NGTS-5b
BT  - a highly inflated planet offering insights into the sub-Jovian desert
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Planetary population analysis gives us insight into formation and evolution processes. For short-period planets, the sub-Jovian desert has been discussed in recent years with regard to the planet population in the mass/period and radius/period parameter space without taking stellar parameters into account. The Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) is optimised for detecting planets in this regime, which allows for further analysis of the sub-Jovian desert. Aims. With high-precision photometric surveys (e.g. with NGTS and TESS), which aim to detect short period planets especially around M/K-type host stars, stellar parameters need to be accounted for when empirical data are compared to model predictions. Presenting a newly discovered planet at the boundary of the sub-Jovian desert, we analyse its bulk properties and use it to show the properties of exoplanets that border the sub-Jovian desert. Methods. Using NGTS light curve and spectroscopic follow-up observations, we confirm the planetary nature of planet NGTS-5b and determine its mass. Using exoplanet archives, we set the planet in context with other discoveries. Results. NGTS-5b is a short-period planet with an orbital period of 3.3569866 +/- 0.0000026 days. With a mass of 0.229 +/- 0.037 M-Jup and a radius of 1.136 +/- 0.023 R-Jup, it is highly inflated. Its mass places it at the upper boundary of the sub-Jovian desert. Because the host is a K2 dwarf, we need to account for the stellar parameters when NGTS-5b is analysed with regard to planet populations. Conclusions. With red-sensitive surveys (e.g. with NGTS and TESS), we expect many more planets around late-type stars to be detected. An empirical analysis of the sub-Jovian desert should therefore take stellar parameters into account.
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935206
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 625
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arnison, Paul G.
A1  - Bibb, Mervyn J.
A1  - Bierbaum, Gabriele
A1  - Bowers, Albert A.
A1  - Bugni, Tim S.
A1  - Bulaj, Grzegorz
A1  - Camarero, Julio A.
A1  - Campopiano, Dominic J.
A1  - Challis, Gregory L.
A1  - Clardy, Jon
A1  - Cotter, Paul D.
A1  - Craik, David J.
A1  - Dawson, Michael
A1  - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke
A1  - Donadio, Stefano
A1  - Dorrestein, Pieter C.
A1  - Entian, Karl-Dieter
A1  - Fischbach, Michael A.
A1  - Garavelli, John S.
A1  - Goeransson, Ulf
A1  - Gruber, Christian W.
A1  - Haft, Daniel H.
A1  - Hemscheidt, Thomas K.
A1  - Hertweck, Christian
A1  - Hill, Colin
A1  - Horswill, Alexander R.
A1  - Jaspars, Marcel
A1  - Kelly, Wendy L.
A1  - Klinman, Judith P.
A1  - Kuipers, Oscar P.
A1  - Link, A. James
A1  - Liu, Wen
A1  - Marahiel, Mohamed A.
A1  - Mitchell, Douglas A.
A1  - Moll, Gert N.
A1  - Moore, Bradley S.
A1  - Mueller, Rolf
A1  - Nair, Satish K.
A1  - Nes, Ingolf F.
A1  - Norris, Gillian E.
A1  - Olivera, Baldomero M.
A1  - Onaka, Hiroyasu
A1  - Patchett, Mark L.
A1  - Piel, Jörn
A1  - Reaney, Martin J. T.
A1  - Rebuffat, Sylvie
A1  - Ross, R. Paul
A1  - Sahl, Hans-Georg
A1  - Schmidt, Eric W.
A1  - Selsted, Michael E.
A1  - Severinov, Konstantin
A1  - Shen, Ben
A1  - Sivonen, Kaarina
A1  - Smith, Leif
A1  - Stein, Torsten
A1  - Suessmuth, Roderich D.
A1  - Tagg, John R.
A1  - Tang, Gong-Li
A1  - Truman, Andrew W.
A1  - Vederas, John C.
A1  - Walsh, Christopher T.
A1  - Walton, Jonathan D.
A1  - Wenzel, Silke C.
A1  - Willey, Joanne M.
A1  - van der Donk, Wilfred A.
T1  - Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature
JF  - Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry
N2  - This review presents recommended nomenclature for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), a rapidly growing class of natural products. The current knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of the >20 distinct compound classes is also reviewed, and commonalities are discussed.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2np20085f
SN  - 0265-0568
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 108
EP  - 160
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrero, Mario
A1  - Thornton, Philip K.
A1  - Mason-D'Croz, Daniel
A1  - Palmer, Jeda
A1  - Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon
A1  - Pradhan, Prajal
A1  - Barrett, Christopher B.
A1  - Benton, Tim G.
A1  - Hall, Andrew
A1  - Pikaar, Ilje
A1  - Bogard, Jessica R.
A1  - Bonnett, Graham D.
A1  - Bryan, Brett A.
A1  - Campbell, Bruce M.
A1  - Christensen, Svend
A1  - Clark, Michael
A1  - Fanzo, Jessica
A1  - Godde, Cecile M.
A1  - Jarvis, Andy
A1  - Loboguerrero, Ana Maria
A1  - Mathys, Alexander
A1  - McIntyre, C. Lynne
A1  - Naylor, Rosamond L.
A1  - Nelson, Rebecca
A1  - Obersteiner, Michael
A1  - Parodi, Alejandro
A1  - Popp, Alexander
A1  - Ricketts, Katie
A1  - Smith, Pete
A1  - Valin, Hugo
A1  - Vermeulen, Sonja J.
A1  - Vervoort, Joost
A1  - van Wijk, Mark
A1  - van Zanten, Hannah H. E.
A1  - West, Paul C.
A1  - Wood, Stephen A.
A1  - Rockström, Johan
T1  - Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals
JF  - The lancet Planetary health
N2  - Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1
SN  - 2542-5196
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - E50
EP  - E62
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arridge, Christopher S.
A1  - Achilleos, N.
A1  - Agarwal, Jessica
A1  - Agnor, C. B.
A1  - Ambrosi, R.
A1  - Andre, N.
A1  - Badman, S. V.
A1  - Baines, K.
A1  - Banfield, D.
A1  - Barthelemy, M.
A1  - Bisi, M. M.
A1  - Blum, J.
A1  - Bocanegra-Bahamon, T.
A1  - Bonfond, B.
A1  - Bracken, C.
A1  - Brandt, P.
A1  - Briand, C.
A1  - Briois, C.
A1  - Brooks, S.
A1  - Castillo-Rogez, J.
A1  - Cavalie, T.
A1  - Christophe, B.
A1  - Coates, Andrew J.
A1  - Collinson, G.
A1  - Cooper, John F.
A1  - Costa-Sitja, M.
A1  - Courtin, R.
A1  - Daglis, I. A.
A1  - De Pater, Imke
A1  - Desai, M.
A1  - Dirkx, D.
A1  - Dougherty, M. K.
A1  - Ebert, R. W.
A1  - Filacchione, Gianrico
A1  - Fletcher, Leigh N.
A1  - Fortney, J.
A1  - Gerth, I.
A1  - Grassi, D.
A1  - Grodent, D.
A1  - Grün, Eberhard
A1  - Gustin, J.
A1  - Hedman, M.
A1  - Helled, R.
A1  - Henri, P.
A1  - Hess, Sebastien
A1  - Hillier, J. K.
A1  - Hofstadter, M. H.
A1  - Holme, R.
A1  - Horanyi, M.
A1  - Hospodarsky, George B.
A1  - Hsu, S.
A1  - Irwin, P.
A1  - Jackman, C. M.
A1  - Karatekin, O.
A1  - Kempf, Sascha
A1  - Khalisi, E.
A1  - Konstantinidis, K.
A1  - Kruger, H.
A1  - Kurth, William S.
A1  - Labrianidis, C.
A1  - Lainey, V.
A1  - Lamy, L. L.
A1  - Laneuville, Matthieu
A1  - Lucchesi, D.
A1  - Luntzer, A.
A1  - MacArthur, J.
A1  - Maier, A.
A1  - Masters, A.
A1  - McKenna-Lawlor, S.
A1  - Melin, H.
A1  - Milillo, A.
A1  - Moragas-Klostermeyer, Georg
A1  - Morschhauser, Achim
A1  - Moses, J. I.
A1  - Mousis, O.
A1  - Nettelmann, N.
A1  - Neubauer, F. M.
A1  - Nordheim, T.
A1  - Noyelles, B.
A1  - Orton, G. S.
A1  - Owens, Mathew
A1  - Peron, R.
A1  - Plainaki, C.
A1  - Postberg, F.
A1  - Rambaux, N.
A1  - Retherford, K.
A1  - Reynaud, Serge
A1  - Roussos, Elias
A1  - Russell, C. T.
A1  - Rymer, Am.
A1  - Sallantin, R.
A1  - Sanchez-Lavega, A.
A1  - Santolik, O.
A1  - Saur, J.
A1  - Sayanagi, Km.
A1  - Schenk, P.
A1  - Schubert, J.
A1  - Sergis, N.
A1  - Sittler, E. C.
A1  - Smith, A.
A1  - Spahn, Frank
A1  - Srama, Ralf
A1  - Stallard, T.
A1  - Sterken, V.
A1  - Sternovsky, Zoltan
A1  - Tiscareno, M.
A1  - Tobie, G.
A1  - Tosi, F.
A1  - Trieloff, M.
A1  - Turrini, D.
A1  - Turtle, E. P.
A1  - Vinatier, S.
A1  - Wilson, R.
A1  - Zarkat, P.
T1  - The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets
JF  - Planetary and space science
N2  - Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013.
KW  - Uranus
KW  - Magnetosphere
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Natural satellites
KW  - Rings
KW  - Planetary interior
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.08.009
SN  - 0032-0633
VL  - 104
SP  - 122
EP  - 140
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -