TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Birgit Angelika
A1  - Ziemann, Martin Andreas
A1  - Pentzien, Simone
A1  - Gabsch, Toralf
A1  - Koch, Werner
A1  - Krüger, Jörg
T1  - Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road
JF  - Studies in Conservation
N2  - A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhohle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Gruwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.
KW  - Wall paintings
KW  - Central Asia
KW  - Silk Road
KW  - Pigments
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - EDX
KW  - XRF
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1179/2047058414Y.0000000152
SN  - 0039-3630
SN  - 2047-0584
VL  - 61
SP  - 113
EP  - 122
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, Hassan E.
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faiçal Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Arrieta, M.
A1  - Aubert, Pierre
A1  - Backes, Michael
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnard, Michelle
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, Julia Becker
A1  - Berge, David
A1  - Bernhard, Sabrina
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Blackwell, R.
A1  - Bottcher, Markus
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Bregeon, Johan
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bryan, Mark
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Capasso, M.
A1  - Carr, John
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Chakraborty, N.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Chen, Andrew
A1  - Chevalier, J.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Condon, B.
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, Christoph
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Djannati-Atai, Arache
A1  - Domainko, Wilfried
A1  - Donath, Axel
A1  - Dubus, Guillaume
A1  - Dutson, Kate
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Ernenwein, J. -P.
A1  - Eschbach, S.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, Stuart
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Füßling, Matthias
A1  - Gabici, Stefano
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, Gianluca
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, Daniel
A1  - Goyal, A.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Hadasch, Daniela
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hawkes, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, Gilles
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, Olivier
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, Werner
A1  - Hoischen, Clemens
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Ivascenko, Alex
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jamrozy, Marek
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, D.
A1  - Jankowsky, Felix
A1  - Jingo, M.
A1  - Jogler, Tobias
A1  - Jouvin, Lea
A1  - Jung-Richardt, Ira
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, Krzysztof
A1  - Katz, Uli
A1  - Kerszberg, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - King, J.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, Dmitry
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Kraus, Michael
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Kruger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lau, Jeanie
A1  - Lees, J. -P.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lefranc, V.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Leser, Eva
A1  - Lohse, Thomas
A1  - Lorentz, M.
A1  - Lui, R.
A1  - Lypova, Iryna
A1  - Marandon, Vincent
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Mariaud, C.
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, Michael
A1  - Meintjes, Petrus Johannes
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, Manuel
A1  - Mitchell, A. M. W.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mora, K.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - de Naurois, Mathieu
A1  - Niederwanger, F.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, Hirokazu
A1  - Ohm, Stefan
A1  - Oettl, S.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Padovani, Marco
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, Helen
A1  - Prokhorov, Dmitry
A1  - Prokoph, Heike
A1  - Puehlhofer, Gerd
A1  - Punch, Michael
A1  - Quirrenbach, Andreas
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Reimer, Anita
A1  - Reimer, Olaf
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, Frank
A1  - Romoli, Carlo
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Salek, David
A1  - Sanchez, David A.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Sasaki, Manami
A1  - Schlickeiser, Reinhard
A1  - Schussler, F.
A1  - Schulz, Andreas
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Seyffert, A. S.
A1  - Shafi, N.
A1  - Simoni, R.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spanier, Felix
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spiess, F.
A1  - Stawarz, Lukasz
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, Martin
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Tuffs, R.
A1  - van der Walt, Johan
A1  - van Eldik, Christopher
A1  - van Soelen, Brian
A1  - Vasileiadis, Georges
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, Jacco
A1  - Voisin, F.
A1  - Voelk, Heinrich J.
A1  - Vuillaume, Thomas
A1  - Wadiasingh, Z.
A1  - Wagner, Stefan J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, Alicja
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, Denis
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Zabalza, Victor
A1  - Zaborov, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Andreas
A1  - Zefi, F.
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Zywucka, Natalia
T1  - Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with HESS
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using gamma-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant gamma-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section <sigma nu >. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach <sigma nu > values of 6 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the W+W- channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the tau(+)tau(-) channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based gamma-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe <sigma nu > values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.111301
SN  - 0031-9007
SN  - 1079-7114
VL  - 117
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Anderson, Christopher J.
A1  - Bahnik, Stepan
A1  - Barnett-Cowan, Michael
A1  - Bosco, Frank A.
A1  - Chandler, Jesse
A1  - Chartier, Christopher R.
A1  - Cheung, Felix
A1  - Christopherson, Cody D.
A1  - Cordes, Andreas
A1  - Cremata, Edward J.
A1  - Della Penna, Nicolas
A1  - Estel, Vivien
A1  - Fedor, Anna
A1  - Fitneva, Stanka A.
A1  - Frank, Michael C.
A1  - Grange, James A.
A1  - Hartshorne, Joshua K.
A1  - Hasselman, Fred
A1  - Henninger, Felix
A1  - van der Hulst, Marije
A1  - Jonas, Kai J.
A1  - Lai, Calvin K.
A1  - Levitan, Carmel A.
A1  - Miller, Jeremy K.
A1  - Moore, Katherine S.
A1  - Meixner, Johannes M.
A1  - Munafo, Marcus R.
A1  - Neijenhuijs, Koen I.
A1  - Nilsonne, Gustav
A1  - Nosek, Brian A.
A1  - Plessow, Franziska
A1  - Prenoveau, Jason M.
A1  - Ricker, Ashley A.
A1  - Schmidt, Kathleen
A1  - Spies, Jeffrey R.
A1  - Stieger, Stefan
A1  - Strohminger, Nina
A1  - Sullivan, Gavin B.
A1  - van Aert, Robbie C. M.
A1  - van Assen, Marcel A. L. M.
A1  - Vanpaemel, Wolf
A1  - Vianello, Michelangelo
A1  - Voracek, Martin
A1  - Zuni, Kellylynn
T1  - Response to Comment on "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science"
T2  - Science
N2  - Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9163
SN  - 0036-8075
SN  - 1095-9203
VL  - 351
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1165
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Positive coping styles and perigenual ACC volume: two related mechanisms for conferring resilience?
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
N2  - Stress exposure has been linked to increased rates of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly in females, and has been associated with maladaptive changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is an important brain structure involved in internalizing disorders. Coping styles are important mediators of the stress reaction by establishing homeostasis, and may thus confer resilience to stress-related psychopathology. Anatomical scans were acquired in 181 healthy participants at age 25 years. Positive coping styles were determined using a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire, SVF78) at age 22 years. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 22, 23 and 25 years with the Young Adult Self-Report. Information on previous internalizing diagnoses was obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years). Positive coping styles were associated with increased ACC volume. ACC volume and positive coping styles predicted anxiety and depression in a sex-dependent manner with increased positive coping and ACC volume being related to lower levels of psychopathology in females, but not in males. These results remained significant when controlled for previous internalizing diagnoses. These findings indicate that positive coping styles and ACC volume are two linked mechanisms, which may serve as protective factors against internalizing disorders.
KW  - coping styles
KW  - perigenual anterior cingulate cortex
KW  - resilience
KW  - anxiety disorders
KW  - mood disorders
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw005
SN  - 1749-5016
SN  - 1749-5024
VL  - 11
SP  - 813
EP  - 820
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Voropaev, S.
A1  - Korochantsev, A.
A1  - Petukhov, D.
A1  - Kocherov, A.
A1  - Kaeter, David
A1  - Ziemann, Martin Andreas
A1  - Boettger, Ute
T1  - Ordinary chondrites of Chelyabinsk meteorite and comparison with asteroid 25143 (Itokawa)
T2  - PLoS one
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 1086-9379
SN  - 1945-5100
VL  - 51
SP  - A644
EP  - A644
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrero, Silvio
A1  - Ziemann, Martin Andreas
A1  - Angel, Ross J.
A1  - Wunder, Bernd
T1  - Kumdykolite, kokchetavite, and cristobalite crystallized in nanogranites from felsic granulites, Orlica-Snieznik Dome (Bohemian Massif): not evidence for ultrahigh-pressure conditions
JF  - Contributions to mineralogy and petrology
N2  - A unique assemblage including kumdykolite and kokchetavite, polymorphs of albite and K-feldspar, respectively, together with cristobalite, micas, and calcite has been identified in high-pressure granulites of the Orlica-Snieznik dome (Bohemian Massif) as the product of partial melt crystallization in preserved nanogranites. Previous reports of both kumdykolite and kokchetavite in natural rocks are mainly from samples that passed through the diamond stability field. However, because the maximum pressure recorded in these host rocks is <3 GPa, our observations indicate that high pressure is not required for the formation of kumdykolite and kokchetavite, and their presence is not therefore an indicator of ultrahigh-pressure conditions. Detailed microstructural and microchemical investigation of these inclusions indicates that such phases should instead be regarded as (1) a direct mineralogical criteria to identify former melt inclusions with preserved original compositions, including H2O and CO2 contents and (2) indicators of rapid cooling of the host rocks. Thus, the present study provides novel criteria for the interpretation of melt inclusions in natural rocks and allows a more rigorous characterization of partial melts during deep subduction to mantle depth as well as their behavior on exhumation.
KW  - Partial melt
KW  - Polymorphs
KW  - Deep fluids
KW  - Nanogranites
KW  - Kumdykolite
KW  - Kokchetavite
KW  - Cristobalite
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1220-x
SN  - 0010-7999
SN  - 1432-0967
VL  - 171
SP  - 61
EP  - 65
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Holz, Nathalie
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interacting effect of MAOA genotype and maternal prenatal smoking on aggressive behavior in young adulthood
JF  - Journal of neural transmission
N2  - Findings on the etiology of aggressive behavior have provided evidence for an effect both of genetic factors, such as variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, and adverse environmental factors. Recent studies have supported the existence of gene × environment interactions, with early experiences playing a key role. In the present study, the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure, MAOA genotype and their interaction on aggressive behavior during young adulthood were examined. In a sample of 272 young adults (129 males, 143 females) from an epidemiological cohort study, smoking during pregnancy was measured with a standardized parent interview at the offspring’s age of 3 months. Aggressive behavior was assessed between the ages of 19 and 25 years using the Young Adult Self-Report. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA 5&#8242; untranslated region variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (VNTR). Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025). In contrast, in carriers of the MAOA high-expressing genotype, maternal smoking during pregnancy had no effect on aggressive behavior during young adulthood (n = 20, p = .145). This study extends earlier findings demonstrating an interaction between MAOA genotype and prenatal nicotine exposure on aggressive behavior into young adulthood. The results point to the long-term adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on the offspring’s mental health, possibly underlining the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy. According to the nature of the study (particularly sample size and power), analyses are exploratory and results need to be interpreted cautiously.
KW  - MAOA
KW  - Smoking during pregnancy
KW  - Interaction
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Longitudinal
KW  - Young adulthood
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1582-x
SN  - 0300-9564
SN  - 1435-1463
VL  - 123
SP  - 885
EP  - 894
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Hafner, Johann Evangelist
A1  - Böttigheimer, Christoph
A1  - Etzelmüller, Gregor
A1  - Forcades, Teresa
A1  - Athansiou, Stefanos
A1  - Hailer, Martin
A1  - Spangenberg, Volker
A1  - Krebs, Andreas
A1  - Nausner, Michael
A1  - Schmelter, Dennis
A1  - Fuchs, Ottmar
ED  - Hafner, Johann Evangelist
ED  - Enxing, Julia
ED  - Munzinger, André
T1  - Gebetslogik
BT  - Reflexionen aus interkonfessioneller Perspektive
T3  - Beihefte zur Ökumenischen Rundschau
N2  - Hilft Beten? Christen gehen davon aus, dass sie Gott nicht umsonst anrufen. Wirkt Gott in uns oder ist das Gebet als ein selbstreflexiver Vollzug des inneren Menschen anzusehen? Darf das Gebet von seiner Erhörung abhängig gemacht werden, muss es davon unabhängig gemacht werden? Diese Anfragen an das Gebet betreffen nicht nur die Glaubwürdigkeit einer der wesentlichsten christlichen Praktiken, sondern den Kern des Glaubens und des Gottesbegriffs. Soll die Logik des Gebets verstanden werden, ist somit die innere Systematik der Theologie zu befragen, liturgie- und frömmigkeitsgeschichtliche Zugänge sind zu bedenken und die äußere Begründbarkeit zu erörtern.

Dieser Band zum Gebet umfasst Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen Konfessionen. Die große Mehrzahl ist im Rahmen der Jahrestagung des Interkonfessionellen Theologischen Arbeitskreises im Januar 2014 zu diesem Thema entstanden. Einige weitere wurden gezielt als Ergänzung aufgenommen. Der Schwerpunkt des Bandes ist systematisch-theologischer Art, da die Reflexionen auf die Denkmöglichkeiten des Betens zugeschnitten sind.
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-3-374-04137-4
IS  - 103
PB  - Evangelische Verlagsanstalt
CY  - Leipzig
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kutzschbach, Martin
A1  - Wunder, Bernd
A1  - Krstulovic, Marija
A1  - Ertl, Andreas
A1  - Trumbull, Robert B.
A1  - Rocholl, Alexander
A1  - Giester, Gerald
T1  - First high-pressure synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline and evidence for the incorporation of Li at the X site
JF  - Physics and chemistry of minerals / in cooperation with the International Mineralogical Association (IMA)
N2  - Lithium is an important component of some tourmalines, especially in chemically evolved granites and pegmatites. All attempts at synthesizing Li-rich tourmaline have so far been unsuccessful. Here we describe the first synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline at 4 GPa and 700 degrees C in the system Li2OAl2O3SiO2B2O3H2O (LASBH) from seed-free solid starting materials consisting of a homogenous mixture of Li2O, gamma-Al2O3, quartz and H3BO3. The solid run products after 12-day run duration comprise rossmanitic tourmaline (68 wt%), dumortierite (28 wt%) and traces of spodumene (3 wt%) and coesite (1 wt%). Tourmaline forms idiomorphic, large prismatic crystals (30 X 100 mu m), which are inclusion free and chemically unzoned. The refined cell dimensions of the tourmaline are: a = 15.7396(9) angstrom, c = 7.0575(5) angstrom, V = 1514.1(2) angstrom 3. Conventionally, the Li+ ion is assumed to exclusively occupy the octahedral Y site in the tourmaline structure to a maximum of 2 Li per formula unit (pfu). However, the chemical composition of our synthetic tourmaline determined by electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results in the formula: (X)(square Li-0.67(11)(0.33(11)))(Y)(Al2.53(10)Li0.47(10))(Z)(Al-6)T(Si5.42(15)B0.58(15))O-18(B)(BO3)(3)(V+W)[(OH)(2.40(3))O-1.60(3)], wherein a significant amount of Li occupies the X site for charge balance requirements. Reliable assignment of the OH-stretching vibrations in a polarized single-crystal Raman spectrum such as a single-crystal XRD structure refinement, confirms the incorporation of Li at the X site [0.24(9) and 0.15(5) Li-X pfu, respectively]. The SREF data show that the LiO1 distances are shortened significantly in order to compensate for the smaller ionic radius of Li+ compared to Na+, K+ or Ca2+ at the X site, i.e., Li is closer to the Si6O18 ring and to a sevenfold coordination with oxygen.
KW  - High-pressure synthesis
KW  - Tourmaline
KW  - Rossmanite
KW  - Crystal chemistry
KW  - X site occupancy
KW  - SIMS
KW  - SREF
KW  - Li isotope fractionation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0863-0
SN  - 0342-1791
SN  - 1432-2021
VL  - 44
SP  - 353
EP  - 363
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOAx Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression
JF  - Cerebral cortex
N2  - Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOAx CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.
KW  - aggression
KW  - amygdala
KW  - fMRI
KW  - life stress
KW  - MAOA
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu249
SN  - 1047-3211
SN  - 1460-2199
VL  - 26
SP  - 904
EP  - 914
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Cary
ER  -