TY - THES A1 - Schröter, Alexander T1 - Erstellung und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von komplexen Interaktionssituationen in Software-Entwicklungsprojekten T1 - Creation and evaluation of a questionnaire for recording complex interaction situations in software development projects N2 - Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung durchzieht immer mehr Lebensbereiche und führt zu immer komplexeren sozio-technischen Systemen. Obwohl diese Systeme zur Lebenserleichterung entwickelt werden, können auch unerwünschte Nebeneffekte entstehen. Ein solcher Nebeneffekt könnte z.B. die Datennutzung aus Fitness-Apps für nachteilige Versicherungsentscheidungen sein. Diese Nebeneffekte manifestieren sich auf allen Ebenen zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft. Systeme mit zuvor unerwarteten Nebeneffekten können zu sinkender Akzeptanz oder einem Verlust von Vertrauen führen. Da solche Nebeneffekte oft erst im Gebrauch in Erscheinung treten, bedarf es einer besonderen Betrachtung bereits im Konstruktionsprozess. Mit dieser Arbeit soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, um den Konstruktionsprozess um ein geeignetes Hilfsmittel zur systematischen Reflexion zu ergänzen. In vorliegender Arbeit wurde ein Analysetool zur Identifikation und Analyse komplexer Interaktionssituationen in Software-Entwicklungsprojekten entwickelt. Komplexe Interaktionssituationen sind von hoher Dynamik geprägt, aus der eine Unvorhersehbarkeit der Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen folgt. Hierdurch können die Akteur*innen die Auswirkungen der eigenen Handlungen nicht mehr überblicken, sondern lediglich im Nachhinein rekonstruieren. Hieraus können sich fehlerhafte Interaktionsverläufe auf vielfältigen Ebenen ergeben und oben genannte Nebeneffekte entstehen. Das Analysetool unterstützt die Konstrukteur*innen in jeder Phase der Entwicklung durch eine angeleitete Reflexion, um potenziell komplexe Interaktionssituationen zu antizipieren und ihnen durch Analyse der möglichen Ursachen der Komplexitätswahrnehmung zu begegnen. Ausgehend von der Definition für Interaktionskomplexität wurden Item-Indikatoren zur Erfassung komplexer Interaktionssituationen entwickelt, die dann anhand von geeigneten Kriterien für Komplexität analysiert werden. Das Analysetool ist als „Do-It-Yourself“ Fragebogen mit eigenständiger Auswertung aufgebaut. Die Genese des Fragebogens und die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Evaluation an fünf Softwarentwickler*innen werden dargestellt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass das Analysetool bei den Befragten als anwendbar, effektiv und hilfreich wahrgenommen wurde und damit eine hohe Akzeptanz bei der Zielgruppe genießt. Dieser Befund unterstützt die gute Einbindung des Analysetools in den Software-Entwicklungsprozess. N2 - Advancing digitalization is permeating more and more areas of life and leading to increasingly complex socio-technical systems. Although these systems are being developed to make life easier, undesirable side effects can also arise. One such side effect could be, for example, the use of data from fitness apps for adverse insurance decisions. These side effects manifest themselves at all levels between the individual and society. Systems with previously unexpected side effects can lead to a decline in acceptance or a loss of trust. Since such side effects often only become apparent during use, special consideration is required during the design process. This work is intended to make a contribution to supplementing the design process with a suitable tool for systematic reflection. In this thesis, an analysis tool was developed to identify and analyze complex interaction situations in software development projects. Complex interaction situations are characterized by high dynamics, resulting in unpredictability of cause-effect relationships. As a result, the actors are no longer able to oversee the effects of their own actions, but can only reconstruct them in retrospect. This can result in incorrect interaction processes on many levels and the side effects mentioned above. The analysis tool supports the designers in each phase of development through guided reflection in order to anticipate potentially complex interaction situations and to counter them by analyzing the possible causes of the perception of complexity. Based on the definition of interaction complexity, item indicators were developed to capture complex interaction situations, which are then analyzed using suitable criteria for complexity. The analysis tool is structured as a "do-it-yourself" questionnaire with independent evaluation. The genesis of the questionnaire and the results of the evaluation carried out on five software developers are presented. It was found that the analysis tool was perceived by the respondents as applicable, effective and helpful and thus enjoys a high level of acceptance among the target group. This finding supports the good integration of the analysis tool into the software development process. KW - Komplexität KW - sozio-technisches System KW - Softwareentwicklung KW - Mensch-Technik-Interaktion KW - Methodik KW - complexity KW - socio-technical system KW - software development KW - human-technology interaction KW - methodology Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631873 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sairam, Nivedita A1 - Brill, Fabio Alexander A1 - Sieg, Tobias A1 - Farrag, Mostafa A1 - Kellermann, Patric A1 - Viet Dung Nguyen, A1 - Lüdtke, Stefan A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Kreibich, Heidi T1 - Process-based flood risk assessment for Germany JF - Earth's future / American Geophysical Union N2 - Large-scale flood risk assessments are crucial for decision making, especially with respect to new flood defense schemes, adaptation planning and estimating insurance premiums. We apply the process-based Regional Flood Model (RFM) to simulate a 5000-year flood event catalog for all major catchments in Germany and derive risk curves based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM uses a continuous process simulation including a multisite, multivariate weather generator, a hydrological model considering heterogeneous catchment processes, a coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic model considering dike overtopping and hinterland storage, spatially explicit sector-wise exposure data and empirical multi-variable loss models calibrated for Germany. For all components, uncertainties in the data and models are estimated. We estimate the median Expected Annual Damage (EAD) and Value at Risk at 99.5% confidence for Germany to be euro0.529 bn and euro8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3% to the total risk. The overall EAD is comparable to other large-scale estimates. However, the estimation of losses for specific return periods is substantially improved. The spatial consistency of the risk estimates avoids the large overestimation of losses for rare events that is common in other large-scale assessments with homogeneous return periods. Thus, the process-based, spatially consistent flood risk assessment by RFM is an important step forward and will serve as a benchmark for future German-wide flood risk assessments. KW - risk model chain KW - continuous simulation KW - expected annual damage KW - risk KW - curves KW - multi-sector risk Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002259 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 9 IS - 10 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farrag, Mostafa A1 - Brill, Fabio Alexander A1 - Nguyen, Viet Dung A1 - Sairam, Nivedita A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - de Bruijn, Karin M. A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy T1 - On the role of floodplain storage and hydrodynamic interactions in flood risk estimation JF - Hydrological sciences journal = Journal des sciences hydrologiques N2 - Hydrodynamic interactions, i.e. the floodplain storage effects caused by inundations upstream on flood wave propagation, inundation areas, and flood damage downstream, are important but often ignored in large-scale flood risk assessments. Although new methods considering these effects sometimes emerge, they are often limited to a small or meso scale. In this study, we investigate the role of hydrodynamic interactions and floodplain storage on flood hazard and risk in the German part of the Rhine basin. To do so, we compare a new continuous 1D routing scheme within a flood risk model chain to the piece-wise routing scheme, which largely neglects floodplain storage. The results show that floodplain storage is significant, lowers water levels and discharges, and reduces risks by over 50%. Therefore, for accurate risk assessments, a system approach must be adopted, and floodplain storage and hydrodynamic interactions must carefully be considered. KW - hydrodynamic interactions KW - derived flood risk analysis KW - flood modelling; KW - Rhine basin Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2022.2030058 SN - 0262-6667 SN - 2150-3435 VL - 67 IS - 4 SP - 508 EP - 534 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -