TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Rabe, Sophie
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Müller, Steffen
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded isokinetic concentric and eccentric shoulder flexion and extension movements
JF  - Journal of electromyography & kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology
N2  - Characterization of scapular kinematics under demanding load conditions might aid to distinguish between physiological and clinically relevant alterations. Previous investigations focused only on submaximal external load situations. How scapular movement changes with maximal load remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate 3D scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded shoulder flexion and extension. Twelve asymptomatic individuals performed shoulder flexion and extension movements under unloaded and maximal concentric and eccentric loaded isokinetic conditions. 3D scapular kinematics assessed with a motion capture system was analyzed for 20° intervals of humeral positions from 20° to 120° flexion. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to evaluate kinematic differences between load conditions for scapular position angles, scapulohumeral rhythm and scapular motion extent. Increased scapular upward rotation was seen during shoulder flexion and extension as well as decreased posterior tilt and external rotation during eccentric and concentric arm descents of maximal loaded compared to unloaded conditions. Load effects were further seen for the scapulohumeral rhythm with greater scapular involvement at lower humeral positions and increased scapular motion extent under maximal loaded shoulder movements. With maximal load applied to the arm physiological scapular movement pattern are induced that may imply both impingement sparing and causing mechanisms.
KW  - Isokinetics
KW  - Motion analysis
KW  - Scapular dyskinesis
KW  - Scapulohumeral rhythm
KW  - Scapulothoracic
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102517
SN  - 1050-6411
SN  - 1873-5711
VL  - 57
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -