TY - BOOK A1 - Gelaschwili, Simon A1 - Nastansky, Andreas T1 - Development of the banking sector in Georgia N2 - The authors’ outline of the evolution of the banking sector development assesses governmental approaches to bank regulation and supervision and is a basic regulatory frame-work, needed to reduce bank failures; it characterises steps of the evolution of the banking sector and trends of its development. The discussion focuses on: 1. Initial forming and restructuring of the banks, changes in the commercial banking sector and the reorganising of the banking systems; 2. Change of the role of the national bank and the mode of its intervention; 3. Dynamics of the banking system development in Georgia and the risks of banking activities. The main findings suggest that 1. The Georgian banks overcame the crisis of the 90’s because of having portfolios of assets in foreign currencies and performing of the national banks function in the “lender of last resort”; 2. Regulatory and supervisory practices in Georgia develop from strict regulations to a deregulation that is most effective in promoting good performance and stability in the banking sector; 3. Alongside with the increase of banking concentration and openness the banking competition and financial risks boost too; that could be managed by further development of institutional reforms in the banking sector. There is an assess of the development and weakness of the banking sector. N2 - Entwicklung des Bankensektors in Georgien T3 - Statistische Diskussionsbeiträge - 36 KW - Bankensektor KW - Bankenaufsicht KW - finanzielle Risiken KW - banking sector KW - banking supervision KW - financial risks Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40216 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Nastansky, Andreas A1 - Strohe, Hans Gerhard T1 - Die Ursachen der Finanz- und Bankenkrise im Lichte der Statistik N2 - Finanz- und Bankenkrisen können seit Jahrhunderten beobachtet werden und gründen auf ähnlichen Verhaltensweisen der Beteiligten. Wie die vergangenen zwei Jahre gezeigt haben, variieren hingegen die den Krisen zugrundeliegenden tieferen Ursachen und Mechanismen. Durch statistische Daten wird gezeigt, wie die Immobilienpreise in den USA zunächst stiegen. Wegen erwarteter weiterer Wertentwicklung wurden Kredite auch an Schuldner geringer (subprime) Bonität gegeben und Risiken als forderungsbesicherte Wertpapiere auf globalen Märkten veräußert. Als sich die Wachstumserwartungen nicht erfüllten, vermehrten sich Rückzahlungsausfälle lavinenartig. Vom amerikanischen Hypothekenmarkt breitete sich die Krise auf die internationalen Banken und im weiteren Verlauf auf die Weltwirtschaft aus. N2 - Financial and banking crisis have been repeatedly reported on few centuries. In a way, they were caused by similar behaviour of the people involved. But the essential reasons and mechanisms were basicly different. In this paper, by statistics is to be demonstrated in which way US residential property prices had been developing before the beginning of the current crisis. Because of the expectation of continuing increase banks did not hesitate to give mortgages even to subprime, i.e. less reliable, debtors. Furthermore, they passed on their risk by selling special new securities, such as MBS (mortgage-backed securities), on global markets, i.e. all over the world. When the expectation of eternal growth failed to come true the number of debtors unable to meet their repayments snowballed and mortgage banking collapsed. Then the crisis was spreading across international banking and, eventually, severely damaged the whole world economy. T3 - Statistische Diskussionsbeiträge - 35 KW - Finanzkrise KW - Banken KW - Subprime-Krise KW - forderungsbesicherte Wertpapiere KW - Interbankenmarkt KW - Abschreibungen Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37915 ER -