TY - JOUR A1 - Berzewski, Horst T1 - Anxiety and panic in case of emergency JF - Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : ains ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1275780 SN - 0939-2661 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 240 EP - 245 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacobi, Juliane T1 - Love, Lust and Load the Pill as a female Generation experience in the Federal Republic 1960-1980 JF - Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung Y1 - 2011 SN - 0723-5186 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 164 EP - 167 PB - Lucius & Lucius CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Reimann, J. T1 - Micronutrients and their Relevance for the Eye - Function of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids JF - Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde N2 - Micronutrients play an important role in function and health maintenance for the eye. Especially lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids perform remarkable functions: lutein together with zeaxanthin forms the macular pigment, these carotenoids filter out the damaging blue light component from the sunlight as well as the ultraviolet light which leads to improved contrast sensitivity and less problems with screen glare. Furthermore, the macular pigment has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The omega-3 fatty acids also possess anti-inflammatory effects and, when converted into neuroprotectin, they protect against oxidative induced apoptosis in the retina. They are also responsible for the fluidity and supply to the photoreceptor membrane. These properties are important for the prevention and treatment of degenerative eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration. However, older people are often not sufficiently supplied of micronutrients in their diet. Because the supply of nutrients can hardly be achieved by dietary change, the additional intake in the form of food supplements is useful in this age group. Scientific studies have shown the positive effects of supplementation with micronutrients such as lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA and EPA). Currently available nutritional products are based in part on the ingredients of the ARED study (Age Related Eye Disease Study). According to more recent studies formulations containing lutein and omega-3 fatty acids in physiologically meaningful doses without additional beta-carotene should be preferred. 10 to 20 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin represent a safe daily dose Regarding to the context above, beta-carotene in high doses plays a minor role to the eye and is especially critical for the health of smokers. This paper summarises the functions of the presented micronutrients in the eye and can assist ophthalmologists in advising their patients. KW - AMD KW - lutein KW - omega-3 fatty acids KW - macular pigment density KW - micronutrients KW - dosage recommendation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245527 SN - 0023-2165 VL - 228 IS - 6 SP - 537 EP - 543 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berzewski, Horst T1 - Anxiety and panic in case of emergency correct diagnostics and treatment JF - Der Notarzt : notfallmedizinische Informationen N2 - Fearful patients are in emergency situation often inattentive, unable to concentrate, agitated or even aroused. They show reduced perception and restricted willingness to cooperate. In severe conditions these patients are strongly tending towards more hazardous behavior: refusal of necessary therapy, break out or even high suicidal risk. Within disaster situations (mass accidents, fires) fearful patients with their agitated and persuasive behavior can influence other victims and with that trigger a situation of mass panic that has to be avoided at any cost. Therefore these patients must be swiftly identified and separated from the event. A diligent diagnosis process including physical-neurological examination is necessary. The recommended treatment within the emergency situation consists of a close continuous personal contact through assuring and encouraging conversations. A sense of security should be created by explaining the planned therapeutic interventions in simple, easy-to-follow and understandable words. If this necessary psycho-therapeutic intervention can not be applied a short-term psychopharmacological treatment is required preferably with Benzodiazepines. Still a long-term specific therapy is highly advised, since these disturbances, if left untreated, will lead to a chronic manifestation and with that to considerable psychosocial impairments. KW - anxiety KW - panic KW - short-term-intervention KW - emergency KW - benzodiazepines Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1276848 SN - 0177-2309 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 148 EP - 153 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kramer, Jochen A1 - Nagy, Gabriel A1 - Trautwein, Ulrich A1 - Luedtke, Oliver A1 - Jonkmann, Kathrin A1 - Maaz, Kai A1 - Treptow, Rainer T1 - High class students in the universities, the rest in the other institutions of higher education JF - Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft N2 - In Germany, different types of university-level institutions are available for tertiary education: traditional universities (Universitaten) and-since the 1970s-universities of applied science (Fachhochschulen) as well as universities of cooperative education (Berufsakademien). The present study investigates differences in key areas related to students' academic choices and success: do students at different types of university differ significantly in terms of cognitive performance, personality or social background? We compared N = 1.230 students at traditional universities, universities of applied science, and universities of cooperative education (Baden-Wurttemberg Cooperative State University) on the basis of a large scale longitudinal study in the German federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg. Students of the different university types differed significantly in all three key areas (cognitive performance, personality, and social background) within the fields of technical sciences and economics. We determine the relative importance of these key areas for differences between university types and we discuss the implications of our findings. KW - Personality KW - School performance KW - Social background KW - Types of university and college Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-011-0213-4 SN - 1434-663X VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 465 EP - 487 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trautwein, Ulrich A1 - Nagy, Gabriel A1 - Maaz, Kai T1 - Social disparities and the opening of the secondary school system in Germany JF - Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft N2 - Efforts to break the link between the school type attended and the qualification awarded are seen an important step in the modernization of Germany's tracked secondary school system. However, it remains disputed whether these efforts have reduced social disparities or in fact increased them. This study examined the transition from lower secondary education in academic- and intermediate-track schools to upper secondary education in general and vocational gymnasium schools in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg. When indicators of parental social background and school-leaving qualifications were controlled, the opening of upper secondary education was found to be associated with a decrease in the social selectivity of upper secondary education for intermediate-track students. At the same time, for those intermediate-track students who were entitled to enter upper secondary education, social background had predictive effects on the transition decision; however, the overall size of these effects was low. KW - Social disparities KW - Student performance KW - Upper secondary education Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-011-0220-5 SN - 1434-663X VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 445 EP - 463 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Bloh, Ute T1 - No concessions made? Law and justice in the epic Loher and Mailer JF - Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik N2 - The late mediaeval prose epic Loher und Muller constantly challenges a naive interpretation of what constitutes justice by confronting it over and over again with extreme cases. Generally speaking, 'poetic justice' succeeds in establishing coherence and propel the narrative forward. The constituents of societal norms and of laws are nevertheless relentlessly questioned - to such an extent that the narrative inquiry occasionally departs from the common understanding of justice. With its focus on morality, especially the presence or absence of faith, Loher und Muller is primarily concerned with the potential for conflict inherent in medieval constructions of legality and justice. In doing so, the epic opens up a narrative playground unencumbered by legal constraints as - after all - literature need not comply with medieval jurisdiction and its claims to the validity and scope of its writings. It is literature's privilege to facilitate unfamiliar ways of looking. The playful - but by no means inconsequential - casuistry played out in Loher und Maller gives rise to a 'probable' world tangential to historical reality and its understanding of justice and the law. Y1 - 2011 SN - 0049-8653 VL - 41 IS - 163 SP - 42 EP - 65 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, C. A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Prosodic perception during early language acquisition JF - Sprache, Stimme, Gehör : Zeitschrift für Kommunikationsstörungen N2 - Prosody plays an important role in early language acquisition that in most children proceeds rapidly and easily. From birth on infants are able to perceive prosodic information in the speech signal. During the course of the first year of life prosodic perception abilities continue to develop. Cross-linguistic studies have shown that this development is already influenced by the native language. As prosodic and syntactic units occur often in correlation, prosodic cues in the continuous speech signal might help infants to derive information on how to segment their native language into syntactically relevant units. Indeed, infants use their prosodic perception and are able to detect word, phrase and clause boundaries using prosodic cues from the speech signal. Thus, during the first year of life when perceiving speech the processing of prosodic cues is focussed and allows for an efficient access to language acquisition. Future studies need to determine whether early prosodic perception abilities can provide markers for later language development and predict language impairment. KW - prosodic processing KW - early speech perception KW - segmentation KW - prosodic cues KW - prosody-syntax interface Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284404 SN - 0342-0477 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - E91 EP - E98 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackert, Jürgen T1 - In the name of the state the secret society of the torturers JF - Berliner Journal für Soziologie = Journal de sociologie de Berlin N2 - Torture is an extreme act of collective violence that is secretly executed in the name of a state. In order to explain the reasons why people torture others, individualist approaches concentrate on individuals' motives or interests. Contrary to that, the article argues that torture should be understood as a social relation. Thus, it takes the social relations of the group of torturers as a starting point. Firstly, following Georg Simmel's analysis of the secret society the paper argues that the group of torturers can adequately be conceptualized as a secret society; secondly, against this background the article reconstructs the conditions which structure torturers' agency; finally, this article offers an outline of the processes and dynamics that allows for explaining the phenomenon of torture. The thesis of the article argues that a relational sociology helps better explain and understand the social phenomenon of torture. KW - Torture KW - Secret society of torturers KW - Georg Simmel KW - Relational sociology KW - Processes KW - Dynamics KW - Explanation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-011-0165-9 SN - 0863-1808 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 431 EP - 459 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitreiter, Ivonne A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Stallmach, Frank T1 - Magnetic resonance measurements of iron turn-over in sands T1 - Magnetresonanz-Messung von Eisenumsatzprozessen in Sanden BT - Nicht-invasive Charakterisierung von Reaktionsabläufen BT - non-invasive characterization of reaction processes JF - Grundwasser : Zeitschrift der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (FH-DGG) N2 - In this study, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), a non-destructive measurement technique, has been applied for investigation of iron turn-over processes. In non-invasive laboratory experiments, iron dissolution and precipitation reactions in saturated natural sands were observed spatially and temporally. These processes play an important role in groundwater with varying redox and pH conditions. Redox reactions turning Fe2+ into Fe3+ and Fe3+ into Fe2+ were detected in aqueous solution by the difference in magnetic relaxation times. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the iron reduction reaction, the consumption and diffusive transfer to and from the reaction sites, was observed in a 1D set-up with natural sands. The achieved spatial resolution was less than one millimetre while repeating measurements every half an hour. It showed the system changing from diffusion-limited to reaction-limited. KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Ferric iron KW - Ferrous iron KW - Acidification KW - Redox reaction KW - Reactive transport modelling Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-011-0177-6 SN - 1430-483X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 269 EP - 278 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER -