TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Hendrikje A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Aster, Michael von A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen A1 - Moers, Arpad von A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Neuromuscular diseases affect number representation and processing BT - An exploratory study JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation N2 - Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) both are rare genetic neuromuscular diseases with progressive loss of motor ability. The neuromotor developmental course of those diseases is well documented. In contrast, there is only little evidence about characteristics of general and specific cognitive development. In both conditions the final motor outcome is characterized by an inability to move autonomously: children with SMA never accomplish independent motoric exploration of their environment, while children with DMD do but later lose this ability again. These profound differences in developmental pathways might affect cognitive development of SMA vs. DMD children, as cognition is shaped by individual motor experiences. DMD patients show impaired executive functions, working memory, and verbal IQ, whereas only motor ability seems to be impaired in SMA. Advanced cognitive capacity in SMA may serve as a compensatory mechanism for achieving in education, career progression, and social satisfaction. This study aimed to relate differences in basic numerical concepts and arithmetic achievement in SMA and DMD patients to differences in their motor development and resulting sensorimotor and environmental experiences. Horizontal and vertical spatial-numerical associations were explored in SMA/DMD children ranging between 6 and 12 years through the random number generation task. Furthermore, arithmetic skills as well as general cognitive ability were assessed. Groups differed in spatial number processing as well as in arithmetic and domain-general cognitive functions. Children with SMA showed no horizontal and even reversed vertical spatial-numerical associations. Children with DMD on the other hand revealed patterns in spatial numerical associations comparable to healthy developing children. From the embodied Cognition perspective, early sensorimotor experience does play a role in development of mental number representations. However, it remains open whether and how this becomes relevant for the acquisition of higher order cognitive and arithmetic skills. KW - spatial-numerical associations KW - numerical processing KW - mathematics KW - child development KW - embodied cognition KW - neuromuscular disease KW - spinal muscular atrophy KW - Duchenne muscular dystrophy Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697881 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike T1 - Rezension zu: Edelmann, Walter, Wittmann, Simone: Lernpsychologie – mit Online-Material. - (8., vollständig überarbeitete Auflage). - Weinheim; Basel: Beltz, 2019. - 264 S. : Illustrationen, Diagramme. - ISBN 978-3-621-28601-5 JF - Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPS), der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen (BDP), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie e.V. (DGVT), der Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Gesprächspsychotherapie e.V. (GWG) und der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Österreichischer Psychologen (B.Ö.P.) Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-621-28601-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000604 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 100 EP - 101 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ramadan, Shahenda A1 - Guerrero, Paula A1 - Nedielkov, Ruslan A1 - Klishin, Nikolai A1 - Dimova, Rumiana A1 - Silva, Daniel V. A1 - Möller, Heiko T1 - Building a mimetic system for unraveling protein-protein interactions on membranes T2 - European biophysics journal : with biophysics letters ; an international journal of biophysics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01558-w SN - 0175-7571 SN - 1432-1017 VL - 50 IS - SUPPL 1 SP - S153 EP - S153 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardi, Rafael L. A1 - Berdja, Amokrane A1 - Dani Guzman, Christian A1 - Torres-Torriti, Miguel A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Restoration of images with a spatially varying PSF of the T80-S telescope optical model using neural networks JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Most image restoration methods in astronomy rely upon probabilistic tools that infer the best solution for a deconvolution problem. They achieve good performances when the point spread function (PSF) is spatially invariant in the image plane. However, this condition is not always satisfied in real optical systems. We propose a new method for the restoration of images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using Deep Neural Networks that can be directly applied to sky images. The network is trained using simulated sky images corresponding to the T80-S Telescope optical model, a 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile), which are synthesized using a Zernike polynomial representation of the optical system. Once trained, the network can be used directly on sky images, outputting a corrected version of the image that has a constant and known PSF across its field of view. The method is to be tested on the T80-S Telescope. We present the method and results on synthetic data. KW - methods: statistical KW - techniques: image processing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3400 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 510 IS - 3 SP - 4284 EP - 4294 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Kulkova, Elena A1 - Kühne, Katharina A1 - Michirev, Alexej T1 - Separation/connection procedures BT - from cleansing behavior to numerical cognition JF - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary N2 - Lee and Schwarz (L&S) suggest that separation is the grounded procedure underlying cleansing effects in different psychological domains. Here, we interpret L&S's account from a hierarchical view of cognition that considers the influence of physical properties and sensorimotor constraints on mental representations. This approach allows theoretical integration and generalization of L&S's account to the domain of formal quantitative reasoning. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X20000461 SN - 1469-1825 VL - 44 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wojcik, Laurie Anne Myriam A1 - Ceulemans, Ruben A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Biodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: This loss may hamper ecosystems’ ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human-induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, that is, resistance, resilience, and elasticity, using a tritrophic—and thus more realistic—plankton food web model. We compared a non-adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade-offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half-saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience, and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context-dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift toward a non-desirable alternative state. The basal-intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience, and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines. KW - functional diversity KW - nutrient spike KW - pulse perturbation KW - regime shift KW - robustness KW - tritrophic food web Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8214 SN - 2045-7758 N1 - Wojcik and Ceulemans shared first authorship. VL - 11 IS - 22 SP - 15639 EP - 15663 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - Hoboken (New Jersey) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schladebach, Marcus A1 - Banzer, Jacqueline T1 - Schwerpunktbereichsklausur - Medien- und Wirtschaftsrecht BT - Öffentliches Medienrecht JF - Juristische Schulung N2 - Das Öffentliche Medienrecht basiert auf verfassungs-, verwaltungs- und unionsrechtlichen Rechtsgrundlagen. Es bezieht sich im Kern auf die klassischen Medien des Rundfunks, der Presse und des Films, muss aber auch beweisen, dass es den Wandel hin zu den neuen Medien sachgerecht zu bewältigen versteht. Die Grundfragen dieses abwechslungsreichen Rechtsgebiets werden in dieser Klausur thematisiert. Y1 - 2021 SN - 0022-6939 SN - 1437-644X VL - 61 IS - 6 SP - 526 EP - 532 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - THES A1 - Zeisberg, Marie-Christine T1 - Ein Rohstoffvölkerrecht für das 21. Jahrhundert N2 - Die gerechte, sichere und nachhaltige Rohstoffverteilung weltweit stellt eine der bedeutendsten Menschheitsaufgaben des 21. Jahrhunderts dar und entscheidet mit ihren Auswirkungen auf Leben, Umwelt und technischen Fortschritt über das Schicksal der kontinuierlich wachsenden Weltbevölkerung. Das Werk untersucht das gegenwärtige Rohstoffvölkerrecht, bestehend aus dem Grundsatz der ständigen Souveränität über natürliche Ressourcen, dem WTO-Recht, multilateralen Abkommen sowie Rohstoffkartellen wie der OPEC und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich der aktuelle Regelungsbestand auf – in der Regel unverbindliche – organisatorische Maßnahmen und Konsultationen beschränkt. Das internationale Wirtschaftsrecht verfolgt einen passiven Ansatz, der der großen Relevanz dieses völkerrechtlichen Teilgebiets nicht gerecht wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden sechs verschiedene juristische Lösungsstrategien erarbeitet und im Anschluss auf ihre politische Realisierbarkeit überprüft. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Stellung der Entwicklungsländer eingegangen, die trotz ihres Rohstoffreichtums bisher nicht von diesem profitieren. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8487-8069-3 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - THES A1 - Garstecki, Marie T1 - Das Regulierungsermessen BT - eine kritische Rekonstruktion T2 - Schriften zum Deutschen und Europäischen Infrastrukturrecht ; 17 N2 - Die Arbeit untersucht die Übertragung des zum Telekommunikationsrecht entwickelten Regulierungsermessens auf das Energiewirtschaftsrecht und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es für die dortigen Normstrukturen ungeeignet ist und zu Rechtsschutzeinbußen geführt hat. Da auch die herkömmlichen verwaltungsrechtlichen Dogmen für die methodenbasierten Entscheidungsformen der Regulierungsbehörden keine geeigneten Instrumente bieten, wird das Subsumtionsermessen in den Diskurs eingeführt, um die spezifische, auf quasi Wettbewerbsherstellung gerichtete Verwaltungstätigkeit in der Energieregulierung besser abzubilden. Ohnehin steht die deutsche Energieregulierungspraxis vor einem Umbruch: Der EuGH wird vermutlich die Ansicht der Kommission bestätigen, dass die verordnungsrechtliche Vorsteuerung der Entgeltregulierung gegen Art. 37 Abs. 1 lit. a und Art. 37 Abs. 6 lit. a und b der Richtlinie 2009/72/EG bzw. 2009/73/EG verstößt. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-428-18382-1 SN - 978-3-428-58382-9 PB - Duncker & Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schladebach, Marcus T1 - Das Zitieren aus Anwaltsschriftsätzen durch die Presse als Verfassungsproblem T2 - Neue juristische Wochenschrift N2 - Das ungefragte Zitieren aus Anwaltsschriftsätzen durch Presseorgane berührt verschiedene Grundrechte des Anwalts. Vertrauliche Strategien der Vertretung von Mandanten können so in die Öffentlichkeit geraten, was weder im Interesse des Anwalts noch des Mandanten liegt. Besonders betroffen von diesem Vorgehen der Presse sind Medienanwälte, die Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzungen ihrer Mandanten verhindern wollen, sich aber dann mit ihren eigenen Äußerungen in den Zeitschriften zitiert sehen. Diese von den Gerichten durchaus unterschiedlich entschiedene Rechtsfrage soll zum Anlass genommen werden, um auf deren erhebliche Grundrechtsrelevanz für Anwälte aufmerksam zu machen und die juristischen Wertungseinheiten offenzulegen. Denn diese Frage betrifft einen zentralen Punkt nicht nur der Medienanwälte: Die effektive Vertretung des Mandanten. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NJW-B-2021-S-1911-N-1 SN - 0341-1915 SN - 0341-1907 SN - 1434-3959 SN - 1617-2914 VL - 74 IS - 27 SP - 1911 EP - 1916 PB - Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa A1 - Liese, Andrea T1 - Managing performance and winning trust BT - how World Bank staff shape recipient performance JF - The review of international organizations N2 - World Bank evaluations show that recipient performance varies substantially between different projects. Extant research has focused on country-level variables when explaining these variations. This article goes beyond country-level explanations and highlights the role of World Bank staff. We extend established arguments in the literature on compliance with the demands of International Organizations (IOs) and hypothesize that IO staff can shape recipient performance in three ways. First, recipient performance may be influenced by the quality of IO staff monitoring and supervision. Second, the leniency and stringency with which IO staff apply the aid agreement could improve recipient performance. Third, recipient performance may depend on whether IO staff can identify and mobilize supportive interlocutors through their networks in the recipient country. We test these arguments by linking a novel database on the tenure of World Bank task team leaders to projects evaluated between 1986 and 2020. The findings are consistent with the expectation that World Bank staff play an important role, but only in investment projects. There is substantial evidence that World Bank staff supervisory ability and country experience are linked to recipient performance in those projects. Less consistent evidence indicates that leniency could matter. These findings imply that World Bank staff play an important role in facilitating implementation of investment projects. KW - World Bank KW - International bureaucrats KW - Recipient performance KW - Enforcement KW - Supervision KW - Country experience KW - Compliance Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-021-09414-4 SN - 1559-744X SN - 1559-7431 SP - 625 EP - 653 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zass, Alexander T1 - Gibbs point processes on path space BT - existence, cluster expansion and uniqueness JF - Markov processes and related fields N2 - We present general existence and uniqueness results for marked models with pair interactions, exemplified through Gibbs point processes on path space. More precisely, we study a class of infinite-dimensional diffusions under Gibbsian interactions, in the context of marked point configurations: the starting points belong to R-d, and the marks are the paths of Langevin diffusions. We use the entropy method to prove existence of an infinite-volume Gibbs point process and use cluster expansion tools to provide an explicit activity domain in which uniqueness holds. KW - marked Gibbs point processes KW - DLR equations KW - uniqueness KW - cluster KW - expansion KW - infinite-dimensional diffusions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20347/WIAS.PREPRINT.2859 SN - 1024-2953 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 329 EP - 364 PB - Polymat CY - Moscow ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellmann, Uwe A1 - Stage, Diana T1 - Правила надзора за соблюдением законодательства (комплаенс) на предприятии и самовоспроизводимый риск привлечения к уголовной и административной ответственности JF - Закон N2 - Статья посвящена общим вопросам регулирования программ комплаенса в Германии и их влиянию на уголовную и административную ответственность. Авторы начинают с общего обзора практики регулирования комплаенса в Германии и внедрения его в жизнь. Далее ими раскрывается значимость программ комплаенса для избежания уголовной ответственности в бизнес-среде. Особое внимание уделяется такому явлению, как несение уголовной ответственности уже вследствие внедрения программ комплаенса самого по себе. Авторы называют это явление самовоспроизводимым риском ответственности, возникающим ввиду чрезмерно детального регулирования допустимого и запрещенного поведения. Статья завершается обзором административной ответственности юридических лиц за нарушения, связанные с комплаенс-сферой. KW - уголовная ответственность KW - комплаенс KW - административная ответственность KW - коррупция KW - предотвращение нарушений Y1 - 2021 UR - https://zakon.ru/publication/igzakon/8554 SN - 0869-4400 IS - 5 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - IIzdatel'skaia gruppa ZAKON CY - Moscow ER -