TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orzechowski, Slawomir
A1  - Sitnicka, Dorota
A1  - Grabowska, Agnieszka
A1  - Compart, Julia
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
A1  - Zdunek-Zastocka, Edyta
T1  - Effect of short-term cold treatment on carbohydrate metabolism in potato leaves
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Plants are often challenged by an array of unfavorable environmental conditions. During cold exposure, many changes occur that include, for example, the stabilization of cell membranes, alterations in gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as the accumulation of metabolites. In the presented study, the carbohydrate metabolism was analyzed in the very early response of plants to a low temperature (2 degrees C) in the leaves of 5-week-old potato plants of the Russet Burbank cultivar during the first 12 h of cold treatment (2 h dark and 10 h light). First, some plant stress indicators were examined and it was shown that short-term cold exposure did not significantly affect the relative water content and chlorophyll content (only after 12 h), but caused an increase in malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in the expression of NDA1, a homolog of the NADH dehydrogenase gene. In addition, it was shown that the content of transitory starch increased transiently in the very early phase of the plant response (3-6 h) to cold treatment, and then its decrease was observed after 12 h. In contrast, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose were significantly increased only at the end of the light period, where a decrease in sucrose content was observed. The availability of the monosaccharides at constitutively high levels, regardless of the temperature, may delay the response to cold, involving amylolytic starch degradation in chloroplasts. The decrease in starch content, observed in leaves after 12 h of cold exposure, was preceded by a dramatic increase in the transcript levels of the key enzymes of starch degradation initiation, the alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD-EC 2.7.9.4) and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD-EC 2.7.9.5). The gene expression of both dikinases peaked at 9 h of cold exposure, as analyzed by real-time PCR. Moreover, enhanced activities of the acid invertase as well as of both glucan phosphorylases during exposure to a chilling temperature were observed. However, it was also noticed that during the light phase, there was a general increase in glucan phosphorylase activities for both control and cold-stressed plants irrespective of the temperature. In conclusion, a short-term cold treatment alters the carbohydrate metabolism in the leaves of potato, which leads to an increase in the content of soluble sugars.
KW  - cold stress
KW  - alpha-glucan
KW  - water dikinase
KW  - phosphoglucan water dikinase
KW  - chloroplast isolation
KW  - glucan phosphorylase
KW  - acid invertase
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137203
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 22
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bayona Viveros, Jose
T1  - Constructing global stationary seismicity models from the long-term balance of interseismic strain measurements and earthquake-catalog data
T1  - Erstellung globaler stationärer Seismizitätsmodelle aus der Langzeitbilanz von interseismischen Dehnungsmessungen und Erdbebenkatalogdaten
N2  - One third of the world's population lives in areas where earthquakes causing at least slight damage are frequently expected. Thus, the development and testing of global seismicity models is essential to improving seismic hazard estimates and earthquake-preparedness protocols for effective disaster-risk mitigation. Currently, the availability and quality of geodetic data along plate-boundary regions provides the opportunity to construct global models of plate motion and strain rate, which can be translated into global maps of forecasted seismicity. Moreover, the broad coverage of existing earthquake catalogs facilitates in present-day the calibration and testing of global seismicity models. As a result, modern global seismicity models can integrate two independent factors necessary for physics-based, long-term earthquake forecasting, namely interseismic crustal strain accumulation and sudden lithospheric stress release. 

In this dissertation, I present the construction of and testing results for two global ensemble seismicity models, aimed at providing mean rates of shallow (0-70 km) earthquake activity for seismic hazard assessment. These models depend on the Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Rate Forecast (SMERF2), a stationary seismicity approach for subduction zones, based on the conservation of moment principle and the use of regional "geodesy-to-seismicity" parameters, such as corner magnitudes, seismogenic thicknesses and subduction dip angles. Specifically, this interface-earthquake model combines geodetic strain rates with instrumentally-recorded seismicity to compute long-term rates of seismic and geodetic moment. Based on this, I derive analytical solutions for seismic coupling and earthquake activity, which provide this earthquake model with the initial abilities to properly forecast interface seismicity. Then, I integrate SMERF2 interface-seismicity estimates with earthquake computations in non-subduction zones provided by the Seismic Hazard Inferred From Tectonics based on the second iteration of the Global Strain Rate Map seismicity approach to construct the global Tectonic Earthquake Activity Model (TEAM). Thus, TEAM is designed to reduce number, and potentially spatial, earthquake inconsistencies of its predecessor tectonic earthquake model during the 2015-2017 period. Also, I combine this new geodetic-based earthquake approach with a global smoothed-seismicity model to create the World Hybrid Earthquake Estimates based on Likelihood scores (WHEEL) model. This updated hybrid model serves as an alternative earthquake-rate approach to the Global Earthquake Activity Rate model for forecasting long-term rates of shallow seismicity everywhere on Earth.

Global seismicity models provide scientific hypotheses about when and where earthquakes may occur, and how big they might be. Nonetheless, the veracity of these hypotheses can only be either confirmed or rejected after prospective forecast evaluation. Therefore, I finally test the consistency and relative performance of these global seismicity models with independent observations recorded during the 2014-2019 pseudo-prospective evaluation period. As a result, hybrid earthquake models based on both geodesy and seismicity are the most informative seismicity models during the testing time frame, as they obtain higher information scores than their constituent model components. These results support the combination of interseismic strain measurements with earthquake-catalog data for improved seismicity modeling. However, further prospective evaluations are required to more accurately describe the capacities of these global ensemble seismicity models to forecast longer-term earthquake activity.
N2  - Ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung lebt in Gebieten, in denen häufig Erdbeben mit zumindest geringen Schäden zu erwarten sind. Daher ist die Entwicklung und das Testen globaler Seismizitätsmodelle für verbesserte Schätzungen der Erdbebengefährdung und Planungen zur Vorbereitung auf Erdbeben für eine wirksame Minderung des Katastrophenrisikos von entscheidender Bedeutung. Derzeit bietet die Verfügbarkeit und Qualität geodätischer Daten entlang der Plattengrenzregionen die Gelegenheit, um globale Modelle der Plattenbewegung und der Dehnungsrate zu erstellen, die in globale Karten der prognostizierten Seismizität übersetzt werden können. Darüber hinaus erleichtert die breite Abdeckung bestehender Erdbebenkataloge in der heutigen Zeit die Kalibrierung und das Testen globaler Seismizitätsmodelle. Infolgedessen können moderne globale Seismizitätsmodelle zwei unabhängige Faktoren integrieren, die für eine physikbasierte Langzeit-Erdbebenvorhersage erforderlich sind, die Ansammlung interseismischer Krustenverformungen und die plötzliche Freisetzung von lithosphärischem Stress.

In dieser Dissertation stelle ich die Konstruktion und die Testergebnisse für zwei globale Ensemble-Seismizitätsmodelle vor, die darauf abzielen, mittlere Raten der Flachbebenaktivität (0-70 km) für die Bewertung der Erdbebengefährdung bereitzustellen. Diese Modelle hängen von dem Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Rate Forecast (SMERF2) ab, einem stationären Seismizitätsmodell für Subduktionszonen, das auf dem Prinzip der Erhaltung des Moments und der Verwendung regionaler "Geodäsie-zu-SeismizitätParameter wie Corner Magnitudes, seismogene Dicken und Subduktionsneigungswinkel basiert. Insbesondere kombiniert dieses Erdbebenmodell geodätische Dehnungsraten mit instrumentell aufgezeichneter Seismizität, um Langzeitraten sowohl des seismischen als auch des geodätischen Moments zu berechnen. Auf dieser Grundlage leite ich analytische Lösungen für die seismische Kopplung und Erdbebenaktivität ab, um mit diesem Erdbebenmodell, die Subduktionseismizität richtig vorherzusagen. Dann integriere ich SMERF2-Schätzungen an Subduktionsrändern mit Erdbebenberechnungen in Nicht-Subduktionszonen, die von dem Modell ßeismic Hazard Inferred From Tectonics based on the second iteration of the Global Strain Rate Mapßur Erstellung des globalen Tectonic Earthquake Activity Model (TEAM) bereitgestellt werden. Daher ist TEAM darauf ausgelegt, die Anzahl und möglicherweise räumliche Vohersageinkonsistenzen seines tektonischen Erdbebenvorgängermodells im Zeitraum 2015-2017 zu reduzieren. Außerdem kombiniere ich dieses neue geodätische Erdbebenmodell mit einem globalen, geglätteten Seismizitätsmodell, um das World Hybrid Earthquake Estimates based on Likelihood Scores (WHEEL)-Modell zu erstellen. Dieses aktualisierte Hybridmodell dient als alternativer Ansatz zum Global Earthquake Activity Rate (GEAR1)-Modell zur Vorhersage langfristiger Raten flacher Seismizität überall auf der Erde.

Globale Seismizitätsmodelle liefern wissenschaftliche Hypothesen darüber, wann und wo Erdbeben auftreten können und wie groß sie sein können. Die Richtigkeit dieser Hypothesen kann jedoch erst nach prospektiven Tests bestätigt oder abgelehnt werden. Daher teste ich abschließend die Konsistenz und relative Leistung dieser globalen Seismizitätsmodellen gegen unabhängige Beobachtungen, die während des pseudo-prospektiven Evaluierungszeitraums 2014-2019 aufgezeichnet wurden. Hybride Erdbebenmodelle, die sowohl auf Geodäsie als auch auf Seismizität basieren, sind die informativsten Seismizitätsmodelle während des Testzeitraums, da beide höhere Informationswerte als ihre konstituierenden Modellkomponenten erhalten. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die Kombination von interseismischen Dehnungsmessungen mit Erdbebenkatalogdaten für eine verbesserte Seismizitätsmodellierung. Es sind jedoch weitere prospektive Tests erforderlich, um die Kapazitäten dieser globalen Ensemble-Seismizitätsmodelle zur Vorhersage längerfristiger Erdbebenaktivitäten genauer zu bewerten.
KW  - Statistical seismology
KW  - Earthquake forecasting
KW  - Global earthquake data
KW  - Interseismic strain rates
KW  - Erdbebenvorhersage
KW  - Globale Erdbebenkatalogdaten
KW  - Interseismiche Dehnungsraten
KW  - Statistische Seismologie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-509270
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brini, Seifeddine
A1  - Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf
A1  - Clark, Cain C. T.
A1  - Zouita, Sghaeir
A1  - Hackney, Anthony C.
A1  - Govindasamy, Karuppasamy
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Zouhal, Hassane
T1  - Sex-specific effects of small-sided games in basketball on psychometric and physiological markers during Ramadan intermittent fasting
BT  - a pilot study
JF  - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
N2  - Background: We assessed the effects of gender, in association with a four-week small-sided games (SSGs) training program, during Ramadan intermitting fasting (RIF) on changes in psychometric and physiological markers in professional male and female basketball players.
Methods: Twenty-four professional basketball players from the first Tunisian (Tunisia) division participated in this study. The players were dichotomized by sex (males [GM = 12]; females [GF = 12]). Both groups completed a 4 weeks SSGs training program with 3 sessions per week. Psychometric (e.g., quality of sleep, fatigue, stress, and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) and physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate frequency, blood lactate) were measured during the first week (baseline) and at the end of RIF (post-test).
Results: Post hoc tests showed a significant increase in stress levels in both groups (GM [− 81.11%; p < 0.001, d = 0.33, small]; GF [− 36,53%; p = 0.001, d = 0.25, small]). Concerning physiological parameters, ANCOVA revealed significantly lower heart rates in favor of GM at post-test (1.70%, d = 0.38, small, p = 0.002).
Conclusions: Our results showed that SSGs training at the end of the RIF negatively impacted psychometric parameters of male and female basketball players. It can be concluded that there are sex-mediated effects of training during RIF in basketball players, and this should be considered by researchers and practitioners when programing training during RIF.
KW  - Team sports
KW  - Stress levels
KW  - Recovery
KW  - Performance
KW  - Fatigue
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00285-1
SN  - 2052-1847
VL  - 13
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
ED  - Berghahn, Cord-Friedrich
ED  - Lifschitz, Avi
ED  - Wiedemann, Conrad
T1  - Jüdische Intellektuelle im Spiegel von Friedrich Nicolais Allgemeiner deutscher Bibliothek am Beispiel der Rezensionen über Moses Mendelssohn und Marcus Herz
JF  - Jüdische und christliche Intellektuelle in Berlin um 1800: Freundschaften – Partnerschaften – Feindschaften
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-86525-825-0
SP  - 135
EP  - 160
PB  - Wehrhahn
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Izraylit, Victor
T1  - Reprogrammable and tunable actuation in multiblock copolymer blends
T1  - Reprogrammierbare und abstimmbare Aktuation in Blenden von Multiblock Copolymeren
N2  - Soft actuators have drawn significant attention due to their relevance for applications, such as artificial muscles in devices developed for medicine and robotics. Tuning their performance and expanding their functionality are frequently done by means of chemical modification. The introduction of structural elements rendering non-synthetic modification of the performance possible, as well as control over physical appearance and facilitating their recycling is a subject of a great interest in the field of smart materials. The primary aim of this thesis was to create a shape-memory polymeric actuator, where the capability for non-synthetic tuning of the actuation performance is combined with reprocessability. Physically cross-linked polymeric matrices provide a solid material platform, where the in situ processing methods can be employed for modification of the composition and morphology, resulting in the fine tuning of the related mechanical properties and shape-memory actuation capability. 
The morphological features, required for shape-memory polymeric actuators, namely two crystallisable domains and anchoring points for physical cross-links, were embedded into a multiblock copolymer with poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide) segments (PLLA-PCL). Here, the melting transition of PCL was bisected into the actuating and skeleton-forming units, while the cross-linking was introduced via PLA stereocomplexation in blends with oligomeric poly(D-lactide) (ODLA). PLLA segment number average length of 12-15 repeating units was experimentally defined to be capable of the PLA stereocomplexes formation, but not sufficient for the isotactic crystallisation. Multiblock structure and phase dilution broaden the PCL melting transition, facilitating its separation into two conditionally independent crystalline domains. Low molar mass of the PLA stereocomplex components and a multiblock structure enables processing and reprocessing of the PLLA-PCL / ODLA blends with common non-destructive techniques. The modularity of the PLLA-PCL structure and synthetic approach allows for independent tuning of the properties of its components. The designed material establishes a solid platform for non-synthetic tuning of thermomechanical and structural properties of thermoplastic elastomers.
To evaluate the thermomechanical stability of the formed physical network, three criteria were appraised. As physical cross-links, PLA stereocomplexes have to be evenly distributed within the material matrix, their melting temperature shall not overlap with the thermal transitions of the PCL domains and they have to maintain the structural integrity within the strain ε ranges further applied in the shape-memory actuation experiments. Assigning PCL the function of the skeleton-forming and actuating units, and PLA stereocomplexes the role of physical netpoints, shape-memory actuation was realised in the PLLA-PCL / ODLA blends. Reversible strain of shape-memory actuation was found to be a function of PLA stereocomplex crystallinity, i.e. physical cross-linking density, with a maximum of 13.4 ± 1.5% at PLA stereocomplex content of 3.1 ± 0.3 wt%. In this way, shape-memory actuation can be tuned via adjusting the composition of the PLLA-PCL / ODLA blend. This makes the developed material a valuable asset in the production of cost-effective tunable soft polymeric actuators for the applications in medicine and soft robotics.
N2  - Weiche Polymer-Aktuatoren haben, dank ihrer Bedeutung bei Anwendungen wie z.B. als künstliche Muskeln in Geräten oder in Medizin und Robotik, maßgeblich Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Das Einstellen ihrer Leistung und die Erweiterung ihrer Funktionalität werden oft mittels chemischer Modifizierung durchgeführt. Die Einführung struktureller Elemente, die durch nicht-synthetische Prozesse hervorgerufene Einstellung von Eigenschaften, sowie die Kontrolle der physikalischen Parameter und die Möglichkeit, das Material erneut zu verarbeiten, sind von besonderem Interesse für das Design von intelligenten Werkstoffen. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es einen polymeren Formgedächtnis-Aktuator zu entwickeln, der die durch nicht-synthetische Prozesse hervorgerufene Einstellung der Aktuator Parameter mit erneuter Formgebung kombiniert. Physikalisch vernetzte Polymermatrizen stellen dafür eine solide Materialbasis dar, wobei in situ Verarbeitungsmethoden zum Ändern der Zusammensetzung und der Morphologie verwendet werden können. Die Folge davon ist eine präzise Einstellung der entsprechenden mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Formgedächtnis-Aktuator-Leistung. 
Die morphologischen Elemente, die für die polymeren Formgedächtnis-Aktuatoren benötig werden, nämlich zwei kristallisierbare Domänen und Verankerungspunkte für die physikalischen Cross-Links, wurden in einem Multiblock-Copolymer aus Poly(ε-Caprolakton) und Poly(L-Lactid) Segmenten (PLLA-PCL) integriert. Die Cross-Links wurden durch PLA-Stereokomplexe in Blends mit Poly(D-Lactid) Oligomer (ODLA) geformt. Um die thermomechanische Beständigkeit der hergestellten physikalischen Vernetzung einzuschätzen, wurden drei Kriterien bewertet. Die Erfüllung des morphologischen Kriteriums, gleichmäßige Verteilung innerhalb des Materials, wurde aus der Mikrophasenstruktur abgeleitet. Diese bestand aus einer kontinuierlichen PCL Phase und den isolierten PLA Domänen mit einem durchschnittlichen Domänenabstand von nm Maßstab. Die Schmelzübergänge von PLA Stereokomplexen und PCL überschnitten sich nicht, womit das thermische Kriterium erfüllt wurde. Die Gehalts- und Dehnungsbereiche der strukturelle Beständigkeit der PLA Stereokomplexe wurde in einer detaillierten Untersuchung der mechanischen Eigenschaften mittels Zug-, Dehnungsrückstellungs- und Spannungsrelaxationsversuchen definiert. Indem PCL die skelettbildende und die Aktuatorfunktion zugeordnet wurde, und die PLA Stereokomplexe die Rolle des physikalischen Netzwerks übernehmen, lassen sich in den PLLA-PCL / ODLA Polymerblends Formgedächtniseffekte ausführen. Des Weiteren wurde die Formgedächtnis-Aktuation ε′rev als eine Funktion des Gehalts an PLA Stereokomplex φc mit einem extremalen Charakter festgestellt, d.h. von der Dichte der physikalischen Cross-Links abhängt. Dadurch könnte ε′rev im PLLA-PCL / ODLA System mittels Variation der Zusammensetzung eingestellt werden. Dies verschafft dem entwickelten Polymermaterial ein wertvoller Vorteil bei der Herstellung von kosteffektiven, skalierbaren polymeren Formgedächtnis-Aktuatoren für Anwendungen in der Medizin und der Robotik.
KW  - Actuator
KW  - Shape-memory
KW  - Multiblock copolymer
KW  - Thermoplastic elastomer
KW  - Stereocomplex
KW  - Polymer physics
KW  - Polymer chemistry
KW  - Aktuator
KW  - Multiblock Copolymer
KW  - Polymerchemie
KW  - Polymerphysik
KW  - Formgedächtnis
KW  - Stereokomplex
KW  - thermoplastisches Elastomer
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518434
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Aehle, Markus
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
T1  - Disgusting odours affect the characteristics of the Adaptive Force in contrast to neutral and pleasant odours
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The olfactomotor system is especially investigated by examining the sniffing in reaction to olfactory stimuli. The motor output of respiratory-independent muscles was seldomly considered regarding possible influences of smells. The Adaptive Force (AF) characterizes the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to external forces in a holding manner and was suggested to be more vulnerable to possible interfering stimuli due to the underlying complex control processes. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the effects of olfactory inputs on the AF of the hip and elbow flexors, respectively. The AF of 10 subjects was examined manually by experienced testers while smelling at sniffing sticks with neutral, pleasant or disgusting odours. The reaction force and the limb position were recorded by a handheld device. The results show, inter alia, a significantly lower maximal isometric AF and a significantly higher AF at the onset of oscillations by perceiving disgusting odours compared to pleasant or neutral odours (p < 0.001). The adaptive holding capacity seems to reflect the functionality of the neuromuscular control, which can be impaired by disgusting olfactory inputs. An undisturbed functioning neuromuscular system appears to be characterized by a proper length tension control and by an earlier onset of mutual oscillations during an external force increase. This highlights the strong connection of olfaction and motor control also regarding respiratory-independent muscles.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 758 
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548980
SN  - 1866-8364
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
T1  - Muscle oxygenation level might trigger the regulation of capillary venous blood filling during fatiguing isometric muscle actions
JF  - Diagnostics : open access journal
N2  - The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO(2) and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90 & DEG; elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO(2)-level of 58.75 & PLUSMN; 2.14%. In type I, SvO(2) never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.
KW  - muscle oxygen saturation
KW  - hemoglobin amount
KW  - isometric muscle action
KW  - O2C spectrophotometer
KW  - capillary recruitment
KW  - blood flow
KW  - holding
KW  - isometric muscle action (HIMA)
KW  - pulling isometric muscle action (PIMA)
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111973
SN  - 2075-4418
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Laura
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Bittmann, Frank
T1  - Adaptive force and emotionally related imaginations
BT  - Preliminary results suggest a reduction of the maximal holding capacity as reaction to disgusting food imagination
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - The link between emotions and motor control has been discussed for years. The measurement of the Adaptive Force (AF) provides the possibility to get insights into the adaptive control of the neuromuscular system in reaction to external forces. It was hypothesized that the holding isometric AF is especially vulnerable to disturbing inputs. Here, the behavior of the AF under the influence of positive (tasty) vs. negative (disgusting) food imaginations was investigated. The AF was examined in n = 12 cases using an objectified manual muscle test of the hip flexors, elbow flexors or pectoralis major muscle, performed by one of two experienced testers while the participants imagined their most tasty or most disgusting food. The reaction force and the limb position were measured by a handheld device. While the slope of force rises and the maximal AF did not differ significantly between tasty and disgusting imaginations (p > 0.05), the maximal isometric AF was significantly lower and the AF at the onset of oscillations was significantly higher under disgusting vs. tasty imaginations (both p = 0.001). A proper length tension control of muscles seems to be a crucial functional parameter of the neuromuscular system which can be impaired instantaneously by emotionally related negative imaginations. This might be a potential approach to evaluate somatic reactions to emotions.
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - Isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - Holding capacity
KW  - Holding
KW  - isometric muscle action
KW  - Imaginations
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Motor control
KW  - Functional weakness
KW  - Manual muscle test
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07827
SN  - 2405-8440
VL  - 7
IS  - 8
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bosch, Sina
A1  - De Cesare, Ilaria
A1  - Demske, Ulrike
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - New empirical approaches to grammatical variation and change
JF  - Languages : open access journal
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030113
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Cassel, Michael
T1  - Klinische Analyse der physiologischen und pathologischen Sehnenadaptation an sportliche Belastung
BT  - belastungsabhängige Veränderungen und diagnostische Abgrenzbarkeit
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartung, Niklas
A1  - Wahl, Martin
A1  - Rastogi, Abhishake
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Nonparametric goodness-of-fit testing for parametric covariate models in pharmacometric analyses
JF  - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
N2  - The characterization of covariate effects on model parameters is a crucial step during pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses. Although covariate selection criteria have been studied extensively, the choice of the functional relationship between covariates and parameters, however, has received much less attention. Often, a simple particular class of covariate-to-parameter relationships (linear, exponential, etc.) is chosen ad hoc or based on domain knowledge, and a statistical evaluation is limited to the comparison of a small number of such classes. Goodness-of-fit testing against a nonparametric alternative provides a more rigorous approach to covariate model evaluation, but no such test has been proposed so far. In this manuscript, we derive and evaluate nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests for parametric covariate models, the null hypothesis, against a kernelized Tikhonov regularized alternative, transferring concepts from statistical learning to the pharmacological setting. The approach is evaluated in a simulation study on the estimation of the age-dependent maturation effect on the clearance of a monoclonal antibody. Scenarios of varying data sparsity and residual error are considered. The goodness-of-fit test correctly identified misspecified parametric models with high power for relevant scenarios. The case study provides proof-of-concept of the feasibility of the proposed approach, which is envisioned to be beneficial for applications that lack well-founded covariate models.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12614
SN  - 2163-8306
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
SP  - 564
EP  - 576
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schapkow, Carsten
ED  - Herrmann, Manja
T1  - Wilhelm Herzbergs Binnenerzählung „Das Mädchen von Tanger“ als Darstellung eines authentischen Judentums
T2  - Wilhelm Herzberg’s Jewish Family Papers (1868) : Interdisciplinary Readings of a Forgotten Bestseller
N2  - Wilhelm Herzbergs „Das Mädchen von Tanger“ ist an zentraler Stelle seiner Jüdischen Familienpapiere als Binnenerzählung angelegt. In diesem konkreten Fall handelt es sich um eine gerahmte Binnenerzählung, die als fingierte Quelle dem Leser Authentizität vermitteln soll. Die literarischen Vorbilder dieses Genres liegen sowohl in der klassischen indischen und persischen Literatur als auch in der homerischen Odyssee. Die Binnenerzählung wurde von Goethe in seinen Unterhaltungen deutscher Auswanderer (1795) weiterentwickelt. Im 19.Jahrhundert wurde sie stilbildend und erfreute sich großer Beliebtheit. Sie verfügt über eine eigene epische Erzählstruktur und versteht sich als „Erzählung in der Erzählung“ . Dadurch kann sie noch zusätzliche Akzente setzen und zugleich moralische Anleitung für die Leserschaftbereithalten.
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110297713-008/html
SN  - 978-3-11-029771-3
SN  - 978-3-11-029766-9
SN  - 978-3-11-038104-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110297713-008
SN  - 2192-9602
VL  - 53
SP  - 99
EP  - 122
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin, Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1  - Courtin, Jérémy
A1  - Böhmer, Thomas
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Late Pleistocene to Holocene vegetation and climate changes in northwestern Chukotka (Far East Russia) deduced from lakes Ilirney and Rauchuagytgyn pollen records
JF  - Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research
N2  - This paper presents two new pollen records and quantitative climate reconstructions from northern Chukotka documenting environmental changes over the last 27.9 ka. Open tundra- and steppe-like habitats dominated between 27.9 and 18.7 cal. ka BP. Betula and Alnus shrubs might have grown in sheltered microhabitats but disappeared after 18.7 cal. ka BP. Although the climate was rather harsh, local herb-dominated communities supported herbivores as is evident by the presence of coprophilous spores in the sediments. The increase in Salix and Cyperaceae similar to 16.1 cal. ka BP suggests climate amelioration. Shrub Betula appeared similar to 15.9 cal. ka BP, and became dominant after similar to 15.52 cal. ka BP, whilst typical steppe communities drastically reduced. Very high presence of Botryococcus in the Lateglacial sediments reflects widespread shallow habitats, probably due to lake level increase. Shrub Alnus became common after similar to 13 cal. ka BP reflecting further climate amelioration. Simultaneously, herb communities gradually decreased in the vegetation reaching a minimum similar to 11.8 cal. ka BP. A gradual decrease of algae remains suggests a reduction of shallow-water habitats. Shrubby and graminoid tundra was dominant similar to 11.8-11.1 cal. ka BP, later Salix stands significantly decreased. The forest-tundra ecotone established in the Early Holocene, shortly after 11.1 cal. ka BP. Low contents of green algae in the Early Holocene sediments likely reflect deeper aquatic conditions. The most favourable climate conditions were between similar to 10.6 and 7 cal. ka BP. Vegetation became similar to the modern after similar to 7 cal. ka BP but Pinus pumila came to the Ilirney area at about 1.2 cal. ka BP. It is important to emphasize that the study area provided refugia for Betula and Alnus during MIS 2. It is also notable that our records do not reflect evidence of Younger Dryas cooling, which is inconsistent with some regional environmental records but in good accordance with some others.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12521
SN  - 0300-9483
SN  - 1502-3885
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
SP  - 652
EP  - 670
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Courtin, Jérémy
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Bala, Sarah
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Liu, Sisi
A1  - Zimmermann, Heike
A1  - Diekmann, Bernhard
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.
KW  - last glacial
KW  - Holocene
KW  - Lake Bolshoe Toko
KW  - paleoenvironments
KW  - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - trnL
KW  - pollen
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hethey, Christoph Philipp
A1  - Hartung, Niklas
A1  - Wangorsch, Gaby
A1  - Weisser, Karin
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Physiology-based toxicokinetic modelling of aluminium in rat and man
JF  - Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX
N2  - A sufficient quantitative understanding of aluminium (Al) toxicokinetics (TK) in man is still lacking, although highly desirable for risk assessment of Al exposure. Baseline exposure and the risk of contamination severely limit the feasibility of TK studies administering the naturally occurring isotope Al-27, both in animals and man. These limitations are absent in studies with Al-26 as a tracer, but tissue data are limited to animal studies. A TK model capable of inter-species translation to make valid predictions of Al levels in humans-especially in toxicological relevant tissues like bone and brain-is urgently needed. Here, we present: (i) a curated dataset which comprises all eligible studies with single doses of Al-26 tracer administered as citrate or chloride salts orally and/or intravenously to rats and humans, including ultra-long-term kinetic profiles for plasma, blood, liver, spleen, muscle, bone, brain, kidney, and urine up to 150 weeks; and (ii) the development of a physiology-based (PB) model for Al TK after intravenous and oral administration of aqueous Al citrate and Al chloride solutions in rats and humans. Based on the comprehensive curated Al-26 dataset, we estimated substance-dependent parameters within a non-linear mixed-effect modelling context. The model fitted the heterogeneous Al-26 data very well and was successfully validated against datasets in rats and humans. The presented PBTK model for Al, based on the most extensive and diverse dataset of Al exposure to date, constitutes a major advancement in the field, thereby paving the way towards a more quantitative risk assessment in humans.
KW  - PBTK
KW  - Toxicokinetics
KW  - Al-26
KW  - Aluminium
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03107-y
SN  - 0340-5761
SN  - 1432-0738
VL  - 95
IS  - 9
SP  - 2977
EP  - 3000
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Negra, Yassine
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Sammoud, Senda
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Plyometric training improves not only measures of linear speed, power, and change-of-direction speed but also repeated sprint ability in young female handball players
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA
N2  - This study examined the effects of an 8-week plyometric training (PT) program on components of physical fitness in young female handball players. Twenty-one female adolescent handball players were assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 12; age = 15.9 +/- 0.2 years) or an active control group (CG, n = 9, age = 15.9 +/- 0.3 years). While EG performed plyometric exercises in replacement of some handball-specific drills, CG maintained the regular training schedule. Baseline and follow-up tests were performed for the assessment of linear speed (i.e., 5-, 10-, and 20-m time), change-of-direction (CoD) speed (i.e., T-test time), muscle power (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height and reactive strength index [RSI]), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) (RSA total time [RSA(total)], RSA best time [RSA(best)], and RSA fatigue index [RSA(FI)]). Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Within-group analyses for the EG revealed moderate-to-large improvements for the 5-m (effect size [ES] = 0.81 [0.1-1.5]), 10-m sprint time (ES = 0.84 [0.1-1.5]), RSI (ES = 0.75 [0.1-1.4]), RSA(FI) (ES = 0.65 [0.0-1.3]), and T-test time (ES = 1.46 [0.7-2.2]). Trivial-to-small ES was observed for RSA(best) (ES = 0.18 [-0.5 to 0.9]), RSA(total) (ES = 0.45 [-0.2 to 1.1]), 20-m sprint time (ES = 0.56 [-0.1 to 1.2]), and CMJ height (ES = 0.57 [-0.1 to 1.3]). For the CG, within-group analyses showed a moderate performance decline for T-test time (ES = -0.71 [-1.5 to 0.1]), small decreases for 5-m sprint time (ES = -0.46 [-1.2 to 0.3]), and a trivial decline for 10-m (ES = -0.10 [-0.9 to 0.7]) and 20-m sprint times (ES = -0.16 [-0.9 to 0.6]), RSA(total) (ES = 0.0 [-0.8 to 0.8]), and RSA(best) (ES = -0.20 [-0.9 to 0.6]). The control group achieved trivial-to-small improvements for CMJ height (ES = 0.10 [-0.68 to 0.87]) and RSI (ES = 0.30 [-0.5 to 1.1]). In conclusion, a short-term in-season PT program, in replacement of handball-specific drills, is effective in improving measures of physical fitness (i.e., linear/CoD speed, jumping, and RSA) in young female handball players.
KW  - stretch-shortening cycle
KW  - physical fitness
KW  - young athletes
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003128
SN  - 1064-8011
SN  - 1533-4287
VL  - 35
IS  - 8
SP  - 2230
EP  - 2235
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glückler, Ramesh
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1  - Winkler, Bettina
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
T1  - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record
JF  - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union
N2  - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 18
IS  - 13
SP  - 4185
EP  - 4209
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wanckel, Camilla
T1  - Introducing a digital tool for sustainability impact assessments within the German Federal Government
BT  - a neo-institutional perspective
JF  - International review of administrative sciences
N2  - This study examines the institutionalization of information technologies for policy formulation by investigating the case of eNAP. The digital tool was introduced in the spring of 2018 with the aim of supporting and improving sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) within the German Federal Government. Applying a neo-institutional perspective, this study shows how a tool like eNAP is embedded into prevailing regulative, normative, and cultural–cognitive structures. Findings from 10 semi-structured interviews indicate that the application of eNAP varies according to intra-ministerial coordination practices and portfolio-specific information-processing schemata. Overall, the tool serves to translate the abstract regulation to conduct an SIA, as well as to translate the vague norm of “sustainability” into a concrete assessment requirement, thereby helping increase policy officials’ awareness of sustainability goals. However, consistent with previous studies, great importance is not attached to SIAs in policy formulation, and prevailing norms and routines make the implementation of eNAP to increase the use of evidence or in-depth considerations of policy alternatives and their consequences unlikely.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211047093
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
SP  - 433
EP  - 449
PB  - Sage
CY  - Los Angeles, California
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Urbach, Tina
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - Leader member exchange in leaders' support for voice
BT  - good relationships matter in situations of power threat
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - While previous research underscores the role of leaders in stimulating employee voice behaviour, comparatively little is known about what affects leaders' support for such constructive but potentially threatening employee behaviours. We introduce leader member exchange quality (LMX) as a central predictor of leaders' support for employees' ideas for constructive change. Apart from a general benefit of high LMX for leaders' idea support, we propose that high LMX is particularly critical to leaders' idea support if the idea voiced by an employee constitutes a power threat to the leader. We investigate leaders' attribution of prosocial and egoistic employee intentions as mediators of these effects. Hypotheses were tested in a quasi-experimental vignette study (N = 160), in which leaders evaluated a simulated employee idea, and a field study (N = 133), in which leaders evaluated an idea that had been voiced to them at work. Results show an indirect effect of LMX on leaders' idea support via attributed prosocial intentions but not via attributed egoistic intentions, and a buffering effect of high LMX on the negative effect of power threat on leaders' idea support. Results differed across studies with regard to the main effect of LMX on idea support.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 842 
KW  - proactive personality
KW  - work
KW  - consequences
KW  - behavior
KW  - performance
KW  - model
KW  - trust
KW  - metaanalysis
KW  - antecedents
KW  - supervisors
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510904
SN  - 1866-8364
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tavakoli, Hamad
A1  - Alirezazadeh, Pendar
A1  - Hedayatipour, Ava
A1  - Nasib, A. H. Banijamali
A1  - Landwehr, Niels
T1  - Leaf image-based classification of some common bean cultivars using discriminative convolutional neural networks
JF  - Computers and electronics in agriculture : COMPAG online ; an international journal
N2  - In recent years, many efforts have been made to apply image processing techniques for plant leaf identification. However, categorizing leaf images at the cultivar/variety level, because of the very low inter-class variability, is still a challenging task. In this research, we propose an automatic discriminative method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying 12 different cultivars of common beans that belong to three various species. We show that employing advanced loss functions, such as Additive Angular Margin Loss and Large Margin Cosine Loss, instead of the standard softmax loss function for the classification can yield better discrimination between classes and thereby mitigate the problem of low inter-class variability. The method was evaluated by classifying species (level I), cultivars from the same species (level II), and cultivars from different species (level III), based on images from the leaf foreside and backside. The results indicate that the performance of the classification algorithm on the leaf backside image dataset is superior. The maximum mean classification accuracies of 95.86, 91.37 and 86.87% were obtained at the levels I, II and III, respectively. The proposed method outperforms the previous relevant works and provides a reliable approach for plant cultivars identification.
KW  - Bean
KW  - Plant identification
KW  - Digital image analysis
KW  - VGG16
KW  - Loss
KW  - functions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105935
SN  - 0168-1699
SN  - 1872-7107
VL  - 181
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rana, Kamal
A1  - Öztürk, Ugur
A1  - Malik, Nishant
T1  - Landslide geometry reveals its trigger
JF  - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union
N2  - Electronic databases of landslides seldom include the triggering mechanisms, rendering these inventories unusable for landslide hazard modeling. We present a method for classifying the triggering mechanisms of landslides in existing inventories, thus, allowing these inventories to aid in landslide hazard modeling corresponding to the correct event chain. Our method uses various geometric characteristics of landslides as the feature space for the machine-learning classifier random forest, resulting in accurate and robust classifications of landslide triggers. We applied the method to six landslide inventories spread over the Japanese archipelago in several different tests and training configurations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We achieved mean accuracy ranging from 67% to 92%. We also provide an illustrative example of a real-world usage scenario for our method using an additional inventory with unknown ground truth. Furthermore, our feature importance analysis indicates that landslides having identical trigger mechanisms exhibit similar geometric properties.
KW  - databases
KW  - Japan | landslides
KW  - random forest
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090848
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huang, Sichao
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Liu, Sisi
A1  - Courtin, Jeremy
A1  - Andreev, Andrej A.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila. A.
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Far East Russia covering the last 28,000 years reveals different assembly rules in cold and warm climates
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Woody plants are expanding into the Arctic in response to the warming climate. The impact on arctic plant communities is not well understood due to the limited knowledge about plant assembly rules. 
Records of past plant diversity over long time series are rare. Here, we applied sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding targeting the P6 loop of the chloroplast trnL gene to a sediment record from Lake Ilirney (central Chukotka, Far Eastern Russia) covering the last 28 thousand years. 

Our results show that forb-rich steppe-tundra and dwarf-shrub tundra dominated during the cold climate before 14 ka, while deciduous erect-shrub tundra was abundant during the warm period since 14 ka. Larix invasion during the late Holocene substantially lagged behind the likely warmest period between 10 and 6 ka, where the vegetation biomass could be highest. 

We reveal highest richness during 28-23 ka and a second richness peak during 13-9 ka, with both periods being accompanied by low relative abundance of shrubs. During the cold period before 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting low genetic divergence in the assemblages despite the great number of species. This probably originates from environmental filtering along with niche differentiation due to limited resources under harsh environmental conditions. In contrast, during the warmer period after 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically overdispersed. 

This results from a high number of species which were found to harbor high genetic divergence, likely originating from an erratic recruitment process in the course of warming. Some of our evidence may be of relevance for inferring future arctic plant assembly rules and diversity changes. By analogy to the past, we expect a lagged response of tree invasion. Plant richness might overshoot in the short term; in the long-term, however, the ongoing expansion of deciduous shrubs will eventually result in a phylogenetically more diverse community.
KW  - sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA)
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - phylogenetic and taxonomic plant diversity
KW  - Arctic Russia
KW  - Siberia
KW  - holocene
KW  - glacial
KW  - treeline
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.763747
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Freisleben, Roland
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Miguel Martinez, Jose
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Marine terraces of the last interglacial period along the Pacific coast of South America (1 degrees N-40 degrees S)
JF  - Earth system science data : ESSD
N2  - Tectonically active coasts are dynamic environments characterized by the presence of multiple marine terraces formed by the combined effects of wave erosion, tectonic uplift, and sea-level oscillations at glacialcycle timescales. Well-preserved erosional terraces from the last interglacial sea-level highstand are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and calculating vertical displacement rates. We carried out an almost continuous mapping of the last interglacial marine terrace along similar to 5000 km of the western coast of South America between 1 degrees N and 40 degrees S. We used quantitatively replicable approaches constrained by published terrace-age estimates to ultimately compare elevations and patterns of uplifted terraces with tectonic and climatic parameters in order to evaluate the controlling mechanisms for the formation and preservation of marine terraces and crustal deformation. Uncertainties were estimated on the basis of measurement errors and the distance from referencing points. Overall, our results indicate a median elevation of 30.1 m, which would imply a median uplift rate of 0.22 m kyr(-1) averaged over the past similar to 125 kyr. The patterns of terrace elevation and uplift rate display high-amplitude (similar to 100-200 m) and long-wavelength (similar to 10(2) km) structures at the Manta Peninsula (Ecuador), the San Juan de Marcona area (central Peru), and the Arauco Peninsula (south-central Chile). Medium-wavelength structures occur at the Mejillones Peninsula and Topocalma in Chile, while short-wavelength (< 10 km) features are for instance located near Los Vilos, Valparaiso, and Carranza, Chile. We interpret the long-wavelength deformation to be controlled by deep-seated processes at the plate interface such as the subduction of major bathymetric anomalies like the Nazca and Carnegie ridges. In contrast, short-wavelength deformation may be primarily controlled by sources in the upper plate such as crustal faulting, which, however, may also be associated with the subduction of topographically less pronounced bathymetric anomalies. Latitudinal differences in climate additionally control the formation and preservation of marine terraces. Based on our synopsis we propose that increasing wave height and tidal range result in enhanced erosion and morphologically well-defined marine terraces in south-central Chile. Our study emphasizes the importance of using systematic measurements and uniform, quantitative methodologies to characterize and correctly interpret marine terraces at regional scales, especially if they are used to unravel the tectonic and climatic forcing mechanisms of their formation. This database is an integral part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), published online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309748 (Freisleben et al., 2020).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2487-2021
SN  - 1866-3508
SN  - 1866-3516
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SP  - 2487
EP  - 2513
PB  - Copernics Publications
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Zhao, Yuhang
T1  - Synthesis and surface functionalization on plasmonic nanoparticles for optical applications
N2  - This thesis focuses on the synthesis of novel functional materials based on plasmonic nanoparticles. Three systems with targeted surface modification and functionalization have been designed and synthesized, involving modified perylenediimide doped silica-coated silver nanowires, polydopamine or TiO2 coated gold-palladium nanorods and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH)/dodecanethiol (DDT) modified silver nanospheres. Their possible applications as plasmonic resonators, chiral sensors as well as photo-catalysts have been studied. In addition, the interaction between silver nanospheres and 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) molecules has also been investigated in detail.
In the first part of the thesis, surface modification on Ag nanowires (NWs) with optimized silica coating through a modified Stöber method has been firstly conducted, employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to replace ammonia solution (NH4OH). The coated silver nanowires with a smooth silica shell have been investigated by single-particle dark-field scattering spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy loss spectroscopy to characterize the morphologies and structural components. The silica-coated silver nanowires can be further functionalized with fluorescent molecules in the silica shell via a facile one-step coating method. The as-synthesized nanowire is further coupled with a gold nanosphere by spin-coating for the application of the sub-diffractional chiral sensor for the first time. The exciton-plasmon-photon interconversion in the system eases the signal detection in the perfectly matched 1D nanostructure and contributes to the high contrast of the subwavelength chiral sensing for the polarized light.
In the second part of the thesis, dumbbell-shaped Au-Pd nanorods coated with a layer of polydopamine (PDA) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been constructed. The PDA- and TiO2- coated Au-Pd nanorods show a strong photothermal conversion performance under NIR illumination. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the particles has been investigated using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as the model reaction. Under light irradiation, the PDA-coated Au-Pd nanorods exhibit a superior catalytic activity by increasing the reaction rate constant of 3 times. The Arrhenius-like behavior of the reaction with similar activation energies in the presence and absence of light irradiation indicates the photoheating effect to be the dominant mechanism of the reaction acceleration. Thus, we attribute the enhanced performance of the catalysis to the strong photothermal effect that is driven by the optical excitation of the gold surface plasmon as well as the synergy with the PDA layer.
In the third part, the kinetic study on the adsorption of 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in chloroform has been reported in detail. Based on the results obtained from the UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning nano-beam electron diffraction (NBED) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), a two-step interaction kinetics has been proposed for the Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules. It includes the first step of electron transfer from Ag NPs to F4TCNQ indicated by the ionization of F4TCNQ, and the second step of the formation of Ag-F4TCNQ complex. The whole process has been followed via UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals distinct kinetics at two stages: the instantaneous ionization and the long-term complex formation. The kinetics and the influence of the molar ratio of Ag NPs/F4TCNQ molecules on the interaction between Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules in the organic solution are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, the control experiment with silica-coated Ag NPs indicates that the charge transfer at the surface between Ag NPs and F4TCNQ molecules has been prohibited by a silica layer of 18 nm.
KW  - plasmonic nanoparticles
KW  - silica
KW  - polydopamine
KW  - TiO2
KW  - chiral sensing
KW  - catalysis
KW  - surface interaction
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Perera, Upeksha
T1  - Solutions of direct and inverse Sturm–Liouville problems
T1  - Lösungen von direkten und inversen Sturm-Liouville-Problemen
N2  - Lie group method in combination with Magnus expansion is utilized to develop a universal method applicable to solving a Sturm–Liouville Problem (SLP) of any order with arbitrary boundary conditions. It is shown that the method has ability to solve direct regular and some singular SLPs of even orders (tested up to order eight), with a mix of boundary conditions (including non-separable and finite singular endpoints), accurately and efficiently.

The present technique is successfully applied to overcome the difficulties in finding suitable sets of eigenvalues so that the inverse SLP problem can be effectively solved.

Next, a concrete implementation to the inverse Sturm–Liouville problem
algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is provided. Furthermore, computational feasibility and applicability of this algorithm to solve inverse Sturm–Liouville problems of order n=2,4 is verified successfully. It is observed that the method is successful even in the presence of significant noise, provided that the assumptions of the algorithm are satisfied.

In conclusion, this work provides methods that can be adapted successfully for solving a direct (regular/singular) or inverse SLP of an arbitrary order with arbitrary boundary conditions.
N2  - Die Lie-Gruppen-Methode in Kombination mit der Magnus-Expansion wird
verwendet, um eine universelle Methode zu entwickeln, die zur Lösung eines Sturm-Liouville-Problems (SLP) beliebiger Ordnung mit beliebigen Randbedingungen anwendbar ist. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Methode in der Lage ist, direkte reguläre und einige singuläre SLPs gerader Ordnung (getestet bis zur 8. Ordnung) mit einer Mischung von Randbedingungen (einschließlich nicht trennbarer und endlicher singulärer Endpunkte) genau und effizient zu lösen.

Die vorliegende Technik wird erfolgreich angewendet, um die Schwierigkeiten beim Finden geeigneter Sätze von Eigenwerten zu überwinden, so dass das inverse SLP-Problem effektiv gelöst werden kann.

Als nächstes wird eine konkrete Implementierung des von Barcilon (1974) vorgeschlagenen inversen Sturm-Liouville-Problemalgorithmus bereitgestellt. Weiterhin wird die rechnerische Durchführbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit dieses Algorithmus zur Lösung inverser Sturm-Liouville-Probleme der Ordnung n=2,4 erfolgreich verifiziert. Es wird beobachtet, dass das Verfahren selbst bei Vorhandensein von signifikantem Rauschen erfolgreich ist, vorausgesetzt, dass
die Annahmen des Algorithmus erfüllt sind.

Zusammenfassend stellt diese Arbeit Methoden zur Verfügung, die erfolgreich zur Lösung eines direkten (regulär/singulären) oder inversen SLP beliebiger Ordnung mit beliebigen Randbedingungen angepasst werden können.
KW  - Sturm-Liouville problem
KW  - Inverse Sturm-Liouville problem
KW  - Higher-order Sturm-Liouville problem
KW  - Sturm-Liouville-Problem höherer Ordnung
KW  - Inverses Sturm-Liouville-Problem
KW  - Sturm-Liouville-Problem
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530064
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Laskin, Gennadii
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
KW  - Bragg peak
KW  - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW  - Thermal effects
KW  - Phonons
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Lattice dynamics
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Perovskites
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing LLC
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritsch, Tobias
A1  - Sprengel, Maximilian
A1  - Evans, Alexander
A1  - Farahbod-Sternahl, Lena
A1  - Saliwan-Neumann, Romeo
A1  - Hofmann, Michael
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
T1  - On the determination of residual stresses in additively manufactured lattice structures
JF  - Journal of applied crystallography / International Union of Crystallography
N2  - The determination of residual stresses becomes more complicated with increasing complexity of the structures investigated. Additive manufacturing techniques generally allow the production of 'lattice structures' without any additional manufacturing step. These lattice structures consist of thin struts and are thus susceptible to internal stress-induced distortion and even cracks. In most cases, internal stresses remain locked in the structures as residual stress. The determination of the residual stress in lattice structures through nondestructive neutron diffraction is described in this work. It is shown how two difficulties can be overcome: (a) the correct alignment of the lattice structures within the neutron beam and (b) the correct determination of the residual stress field in a representative part of the structure. The magnitude and the direction of residual stress are discussed. The residual stress in the strut was found to be uniaxial and to follow the orientation of the strut, while the residual stress in the knots was more hydrostatic. Additionally, it is shown that strain measurements in at least seven independent directions are necessary for the estimation of the principal stress directions. The measurement directions should be chosen according to the sample geometry and an informed choice on the possible strain field. If the most prominent direction is not measured, the error in the calculated stress magnitude increases considerably.
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - laser powder bed fusion
KW  - residual stress
KW  - principal stress components
KW  - neutron diffraction
KW  - cellular structures
KW  - lattice structures
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576720015344
SN  - 1600-5767
VL  - 54
SP  - 228
EP  - 236
PB  - Munksgaard
CY  - Copenhagen
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Wolff, Martin
A1  - Gast, Klaus
A1  - Evers, Andreas
A1  - Kurz, Michael
A1  - Pfeiffer-Marek, Stefania
A1  - Schüler, Anja
A1  - Seckler, Robert
A1  - Thalhammer, Anja
T1  - A Conserved Hydrophobic Moiety and Helix-Helix Interactions Drive the Self-Assembly of the Incretin Analog Exendin-4
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Exendin-4 is a pharmaceutical peptide used in the control of insulin secretion. Structural information on exendin-4 and related peptides especially on the level of quaternary structure is scarce. We present the first published association equilibria of exendin-4 directly measured by static and dynamic light scattering. We show that exendin-4 oligomerization is pH dependent and that these oligomers are of low compactness. We relate our experimental results to a structural hypothesis to describe molecular details of exendin-4 oligomers. Discussion of the validity of this hypothesis is based on NMR, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, and light scattering data on exendin-4 and a set of exendin-4 derived peptides. The essential forces driving oligomerization of exendin-4 are helix–helix interactions and interactions of a conserved hydrophobic moiety. Our structural hypothesis suggests that key interactions of exendin-4 monomers in the experimentally supported trimer take place between a defined helical segment and a hydrophobic triangle constituted by the Phe22 residues of the three monomeric subunits. Our data rationalize that Val19 might function as an anchor in the N-terminus of the interacting helix-region and that Trp25 is partially shielded in the oligomer by C-terminal amino acids of the same monomer. Our structural hypothesis suggests that the Trp25 residues do not interact with each other, but with C-terminal Pro residues of their own monomers.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1161 
KW  - biophysics
KW  - diabetes
KW  - peptides
KW  - oligomerization
KW  - conformational change
KW  - molecular modeling
KW  - static and dynamic light scattering
KW  - spectroscopy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522081
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Knox-Brown, Patrick Frank
T1  - Towards understanding the sequence-structure-function relationship of intrinsically disordered LEA_4 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana
N2  - Water-deficits can cause lethal damage to organisms, which is rooted in cellular dehydration. Many plant species, but also other organisms have developed mechanisms to tolerate such stresses, such as the expression of LEA proteins. Many studies report on physiological protective functions of LEA proteins but lack information about their precise mechanisms on a molecular level. Most LEA proteins are intrinsically disordered in dilute solution but may adopt a distinct secondary structure upon changes in solvent conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanism of how LEA proteins contribute to the counteraction of cellular damage during water-deficits may in the long-term pave the way for breeding crops that are resistant to the effects of global warming. The objective of the work at hand is to improve the biophysical understanding of the sequencestructure-function relationship of LEA proteins as membrane stabilizers, based on the LEA_4 family of the model plant A. thaliana. This is pursued by using a combination of spectroscopic and scattering techniques, supported by bioinformatics and computational analyses. Eight out of the 18 LEA_4 proteins are experimentally assessed revealing that a coil-helix transition in response to water-deficit is a common feature, as predicted for the entire family. In addition, they all stabilize simple membrane models during a freeze/ thaw cycle. Three-dimensional structure prediction of representative members suggests that their completely folded states are represented by a sequential arrangement of alpha-helical segments connected by unstructured linkers, which is experimentally verified for the LEA_4 protein COR15A. The unstructured linker region of COR15A represents a conserved motif among its closest homologs and is, therefore, of particular interest. Facilitating a set of seven designed and investigated COR15A mutants uncovers a complex interplay of transient interactions between the amphipathic alpha-helical segments, mediated by the linker, which fine-tunes folding transitions and structural ensembles upon reduced water-availability. Finally, alpha-helicity is also induced in COR15A upon temperature decrease, which is enhanced in the presence of osmolytes. In addition, high solution osmolarity induced secondary structure is followed by oligomerization of COR15A. Interestingly, the functionality of COR15A, in terms of liposome stabilization, strongly correlates with its alpha-helix ratio in the folded state. The present work significantly improves the understanding of the sequence-structure-function relationship for LEA_4 proteins and offers novel findings on folding mechanisms and oligomerization of COR15A.
N2  - Wasserdefizite können zu letalem Schaden von Organismen führen, der letztendlich aus zellulärer Dehydrierung resultiert. Viele Pflanzen, aber auch andere Organismen haben Mechanismen entwickelt, um solche Stressfaktoren zu tolerieren, z.B. die Expression von LEAProteinen. Diverse Studien beschreiben deren physiologische Schutzfunktionen, es fehlen jedoch Informationen ihrer präzisen Mechanismen auf molekularer Ebene. Die meisten LEA-Proteine sind in wässriger Lösung intrinsisch unstrukturiert, können jedoch in Reaktion auf veränderte Lösungsmittelbedingungen geordnete Strukturen ausbilden. Ein solides Verständnis ihrer molekularen Mechanismen führt daher über die Entschlüsselung ihrer Sequenz-StrukturFunktions-Beziehungen, welche langfristig den Weg zur Entwicklung von Pflanzen ebnen, die Resistenzen gegen die Auswirkungen der globalen Erwärmung aufweisen.. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, das Verständnis der Sequenz-Struktur-Funktions-Beziehung der LEA_4-Familie aus der Modellpflanze A. thaliana zu verbessern. Dazu wird eine Kombination von Spektroskopie- und Streutechniken (unterstützt durch prädiktive Computeranalysen) verwendet. Alle acht experimentell untersuchten der insgesamt 18 LEA_4-Proteine zeigen einen Coil-Helix-Übergang in Reaktion auf Wasserdefizit als gemeinsames Merkmal und stabilisieren einfache Membranmodelle während eines Gefrier-/ Tau-Vorgang. Die dreidimensionale Strukturvorhersage repräsentativer LEA_4-Proteine deutet an, dass der gefaltete Zustand einer Abfolge alpha-helikaler Segmente unterbrochen durch unstrukturierte Domänen entspricht, was für das LEA_4-Protein COR15A experimentell belegt wird. Der unstrukturierte Linker, der die beiden alpha-helikalen Segmente von COR15A verbindet, stellt ein Motiv dar, das innerhalb der nächsten Homologen konserviert ist und ist daher von besonderem Interesse. Mithilfe von sieben entworfenen und untersuchten COR15A-Mutanten kann der komplexe Zusammenhang transienter Wechselwirkungen zwischen den amphipathischen, alpha-helikalen Segmenten, vermittelt durch den Linker, gezeigt werden. Dieser spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Feinabstimmung von Faltungsübergängen und strukturellen Ensembles bei verringerter Wasserverfügbarkeit. Ferner wird gezeigt, dass alpha-helikale Struktur auch durch Temperaturerniedrigung induziert werden kann, was in Gegenwart von Osmolyten stärker ausgeprägt ist. Hohe Osmolaritäten induzieren außerdem eine Oligomerisierung von COR15A. Interessanterweise korreliert die Funktionalität von COR15A (die Stabilisierung von Liposomen) stark mit dem relativen alpha-Helix-Anteil im gefalteten Zustand. Die vorliegende Arbeit verbessert erheblich das Verständnis für eine Sequenz-StrukturFunktions-Beziehung für LEA_4-Proteine und bietet neue Erkenntnisse zu Faltungsmechanismen und Oligomerisierung von COR15A.
KW  - IDPs
KW  - alpha-helix
KW  - coil-helix
KW  - linker
KW  - structure-function
KW  - protein-folding
KW  - LEA
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolff, Martin
A1  - Gast, Klaus
A1  - Evers, Andreas
A1  - Kurz, Michael
A1  - Pfeiffer-Marek, Stefania
A1  - Schüler, Anja
A1  - Seckler, Robert
A1  - Thalhammer, Anja
T1  - A Conserved Hydrophobic Moiety and Helix-Helix Interactions Drive the Self-Assembly of the Incretin Analog Exendin-4
JF  - Biomolecules
N2  - Exendin-4 is a pharmaceutical peptide used in the control of insulin secretion. Structural information on exendin-4 and related peptides especially on the level of quaternary structure is scarce. We present the first published association equilibria of exendin-4 directly measured by static and dynamic light scattering. We show that exendin-4 oligomerization is pH dependent and that these oligomers are of low compactness. We relate our experimental results to a structural hypothesis to describe molecular details of exendin-4 oligomers. Discussion of the validity of this hypothesis is based on NMR, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, and light scattering data on exendin-4 and a set of exendin-4 derived peptides. The essential forces driving oligomerization of exendin-4 are helix–helix interactions and interactions of a conserved hydrophobic moiety. Our structural hypothesis suggests that key interactions of exendin-4 monomers in the experimentally supported trimer take place between a defined helical segment and a hydrophobic triangle constituted by the Phe22 residues of the three monomeric subunits. Our data rationalize that Val19 might function as an anchor in the N-terminus of the interacting helix-region and that Trp25 is partially shielded in the oligomer by C-terminal amino acids of the same monomer. Our structural hypothesis suggests that the Trp25 residues do not interact with each other, but with C-terminal Pro residues of their own monomers.
KW  - biophysics
KW  - diabetes
KW  - peptides
KW  - oligomerization
KW  - conformational change
KW  - molecular modeling
KW  - static and dynamic light scattering
KW  - spectroscopy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091305
SN  - 2218-273X
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Fischer, Christina
A1  - Hering, Robert
A1  - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1  - Strigl, Lea
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Seed traits matter
BT  - endozoochoric dispersal through a pervasive mobile linker
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Although many plants are dispersed by wind and seeds can travel long distances across unsuitable matrix areas, a large proportion relies on co-evolved zoochorous seed dispersal to connect populations in isolated habitat islands. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, where remaining habitat patches are often very small and highly isolated, mobile linkers as zoochorous seed dispersers are critical for the population dynamics of numerous plant species. However, knowledge about the quali- or quantification of such mobile link processes, especially in agricultural landscapes, is still limited. In a controlled feeding experiment, we recorded the seed intake and germination success after complete digestion by the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and explored its mobile link potential as an endozoochoric seed disperser. Utilizing a suite of common, rare, and potentially invasive plant species, we disentangled the effects of seed morphological traits on germination success while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. Further, we measured the landscape connectivity via hares in two contrasting agricultural landscapes (simple: few natural and semi-natural structures, large fields; complex: high amount of natural and semi-natural structures, small fields) using GPS-based movement data. With 34,710 seeds of 44 plant species fed, one of 200 seeds (0.51%) with seedlings of 33 species germinated from feces. Germination after complete digestion was positively related to denser seeds with comparatively small surface area and a relatively slender and elongated shape, suggesting that, for hares, the most critical seed characteristics for successful endozoochorous seed dispersal minimize exposure of the seed to the stomach and the associated digestive system. Furthermore, we could show that a hare's retention time is long enough to interconnect different habitats, especially grasslands and fields. Thus, besides other seed dispersal mechanisms, this most likely allows hares to act as effective mobile linkers contributing to ecosystem stability in times of agricultural intensification, not only in complex but also in simple landscapes.
KW  - agricultural landscapes
KW  - endozoochory
KW  - Lepus europaeus
KW  - mobile links
KW  - seed dispersal
KW  - seed dispersal syndrome
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8440
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 11
IS  - 24
SP  - 18477
EP  - 18491
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - Intramolecular carbene stabilization via 3c,2e bonding on basis of the magnetic criterion
JF  - Tetrahedron : the international journal for the rapid publication of full original research papers and critical reviews in organic chemistry
N2  - The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS), of bent cyclobutylcarbene 8, 1,2-diboretane-3-ylidene 9, and some carbene analogues of boron 14-18 as most intriguing examples of carbenes, which can be stabilized as homoaromatic systems with 3c,2e bonding, have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and the results visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. The TSNMRS values (actually, ring current effect/anisotropy effects as measurable in H-1 NMR spectroscopy) are employed to qualify and quantify the degree of present 3c,2e-homoaromaticity. Results are confirmed by geometry (bond angles and bond lengths) and spectroscopic data, the delta(B-11)/ppm data and the C-13 chemical shifts of the carbene electron-deficient centre.
KW  - Cyclobutylcarbene
KW  - 1,2-diboretane-3-ylidene
KW  - 3c,2e-bonding
KW  - Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS)
KW  - NICS
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2021.132357
SN  - 0040-4020
SN  - 1464-5416
VL  - 95
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lin, Chiao-I
A1  - Houtenbos, Sanne
A1  - Lu, Yu-Hsien
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Journal of foot and ankle research / Australasian Podiatry Council; Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists (UK)
N2  - Background: Chronic ankle instability, developing from ankle sprain, is one of the most common sports injuries. Besides it being an ankle issue, chronic ankle instability can also cause additional injuries. Investigating the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability is an essential step to develop an adequate injury prevention strategy. However, the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability through valid and reliable self-reported tools in active populations.
Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science in July 2020. The inclusion criteria for articles were peer-reviewed, published between 2006 and 2020, using one of the valid and reliable tools to evaluate ankle instability, determining chronic ankle instability based on the criteria of the International Ankle
Consortium, and including the outcome of epidemiology of chronic ankle instability. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated with an adapted tool for the sports injury review method.
Results: After removing duplicated studies, 593 articles were screened for eligibility. Twenty full-texts were screened and finally nine studies were included, assessing 3804 participants in total. The participants were between 15 and 32 years old and represented soldiers, students, athletes and active individuals with a history of ankle sprain. The prevalence of chronic ankle instability was 25%, ranging between 7 and 53%. The prevalence of chronic ankle instability within participants with a history of ankle sprains was 46%, ranging between 9 and 76%. Five included studies identified chronic ankle instability based on the standard criteria, and four studies applied adapted exclusion criteria to conduct the study. Five out of nine included studies showed a low risk of bias.
Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic ankle instability shows a wide range. This could be due to the different exclusion criteria, age, sports discipline, or other factors among the included studies. For future studies, standardized criteria to investigate the epidemiology of chronic ankle instability are required. The epidemiology of
CAI should be prospective. Factors affecting the prevalence of chronic ankle instability should be investigated and clearly described.
KW  - Ankle sprain
KW  - Sports injury
KW  - Functional ankle instability
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-021-00480-w
SN  - 1757-1146
VL  - 14
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Kopinski, Stephan
A1  - Sonnenburg, Dominik
A1  - Schomöller, Anne
A1  - Risch, Lucie
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study
JF  - Sports Medicine International Open
N2  - Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn’s post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults.
KW  - exercise
KW  - eccentric
KW  - muscle fatigue
KW  - trunk muscles
KW  - isokinetics
KW  - repeated bout effect
KW  - inflammation
KW  - exercise induced muscle damage
KW  - interleukin-6
KW  - internleukin-10
KW  - tumor necrosis factor-α
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1757-6724
SN  - 2367-1890
VL  - 6
SP  - E9
EP  - E17
PB  - Thieme
CY  - Stuttgart
ET  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Rabe, Sophie
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Müller, Steffen
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded isokinetic concentric and eccentric shoulder flexion and extension movements
JF  - Journal of electromyography & kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology
N2  - Characterization of scapular kinematics under demanding load conditions might aid to distinguish between physiological and clinically relevant alterations. Previous investigations focused only on submaximal external load situations. How scapular movement changes with maximal load remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate 3D scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded shoulder flexion and extension. Twelve asymptomatic individuals performed shoulder flexion and extension movements under unloaded and maximal concentric and eccentric loaded isokinetic conditions. 3D scapular kinematics assessed with a motion capture system was analyzed for 20° intervals of humeral positions from 20° to 120° flexion. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to evaluate kinematic differences between load conditions for scapular position angles, scapulohumeral rhythm and scapular motion extent. Increased scapular upward rotation was seen during shoulder flexion and extension as well as decreased posterior tilt and external rotation during eccentric and concentric arm descents of maximal loaded compared to unloaded conditions. Load effects were further seen for the scapulohumeral rhythm with greater scapular involvement at lower humeral positions and increased scapular motion extent under maximal loaded shoulder movements. With maximal load applied to the arm physiological scapular movement pattern are induced that may imply both impingement sparing and causing mechanisms.
KW  - Isokinetics
KW  - Motion analysis
KW  - Scapular dyskinesis
KW  - Scapulohumeral rhythm
KW  - Scapulothoracic
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102517
SN  - 1050-6411
SN  - 1873-5711
VL  - 57
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike
T1  - Die Geburt der Religion?
BT  - Genealogie in der Religionswissenschaft
JF  - Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft
N2  - In diesem Artikel geht es darum, die Genealogie im Anschluss an Michel Foucault für die Religionswissenschaft fruchtbar zu machen und ihr Programm zu schärfen. Dazu hebe ich zuerst einige wesentliche Aspekte hervor, welche die Genealogie ausmachen. Im Folgenden untersuche ich den Artikel „Umkämpfte Historisierung“ von Michael Bergunder als ein aktuelles Beispiel für die Anwendung der Genealogie in der Religionswissenschaft. Diesem stelle ich im letzten Teil des Artikels meine eigene Genealogie von Religion gegenüber. Ich zeige, wie sich die Konstitution eines spezifisch religiösen Bereichs und die nominalistische Auffassung seiner Zeichen innerhalb des Ritenstreits im Kontext von Mission in Asien seit dem 16. Jh. vollzogen hat. Wie Religion verstanden wurde, hing dabei unmittelbar davon ab, welche kolonialen Interessen durchgesetzt werden sollten. Die Verstrickung von Religion in den Zusammenhang von Macht-Subjekt-Wissen muss deshalb zukünftig konsequenter auch durch die Religionswissenschaft untersucht werden. Religion ist keine unschuldige Kategorie der Beobachtung, sondern über sie wurden und werden Kämpfe um Macht und gesellschaftlichen Einfluss ausgetragen.
N2  - The aim of this article is to make genealogy, following Michel Foucault,useful for the study of religions and to sharpen its program. To this end, I first highlight some essential aspects that constitute genealogy. Hereafter, I analyze Michael Bergunder’s article “Umkämpfte Historisierung” as a recent example of the application of genealogy. I contrast it with my own genealogy of religion in the last part of the article. I show how the constitution of a specifically religious sphere and the nominalist conception of its signs took place within the rites controversies in the context of mission in Asia since the 16th century. How religion was conceived directly depended on which colonial interests were to be enforced. Therefore, the entanglement of religion in the context of power-subject-knowledge must be investigated more consistently in the future by the study of religion.
Religion is not an innocent category of observation; rather, it has been and continues to be used in struggles for power and social influence
KW  - Genealogie
KW  - Michel Foucault
KW  - Religionsbegriff
KW  - Religionswissenschaft
KW  - Ritenstreit
KW  - Genealogy
KW  - notion of religion
KW  - study of religion
KW  - rites controversies
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2021-0011
SN  - 2194-508X
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 238
EP  - 258
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike
T1  - Religionswissenschaft, quo vadis?
BT  - die Entwicklung eines Kleinen Fachs zwischen 2010 und 2030
JF  - Zeitschrift für junge Religionswissenschaft
N2  - Dieser Artikel zeichnet anhand der religionswissenschaftlichen Professuren die Entwicklung des Fachs in Deutschland innerhalb der letzten zehn Jahre nach und wagt davon ausgehend eine Prognose für die nächsten zehn. Der Wissenschaftsrat hatte sich 2010 ausgehend von einer sog. Rückkehr der Religion und der damit verbundenen hohen gesellschaftlichen Relevanz des Fachs dafür ausgesprochen, die Religionswissenschaft durch mehr Professuren zu stärken. Dieser Empfehlung wurde an vielen Orten gefolgt. Das Wachstum an Professuren korrespondiert allerdings nicht mit einer in gleicher Weise gesteigerten Präsenz der Religionswissenschaft in außeruniversitären Diskursen. Hier werden andere Fächer wie die Theologien, Geschichte und Soziologie stärker gehört. Angesichts tendenziell sinkender Studierendenzahlen und der Schließung anderer Kleiner Fächer stellt sich deshalb die dringende Frage, wie sich die Religionswissenschaft strategisch positionieren sollte.
N2  - This article depicts the development of the scientific study of religion in Germany within the last ten years on the basis of professorships and ventures a prognosis for the next ten years. In 2010, ensuing from a so-called return of religion and the subsequent high social relevance of the discipline, the Wissenschaftsrat (academic council) advocated reinforcing the study of religion through more professorships. This recommendation has been pursued throughout many places. However, the growth of professorships does not correspond to an equally increased presence of the study of religion in non-academic discourses. Here, other disciplines such as the theologies, history, and sociology are more likely to be heard. Given the downward trend of student numbers as well as the closures of other small disciplines, the urgent question arises as to how the study of religion should position itself strategically as a discipline and how it shall fulfill its social relevance in the future.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4000/zjr.1718
SN  - 1862-5886
VL  - 16
PB  - Hannover
CY  - Univ., Seminar für Religionswiss.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike
T1  - Rezension zu : Kalimi, Isaac: Der Kampf um die Bibel. Jüdische Interpretationen, Sektarianismus und Polemik vom Tempel zum Talmud und darüber hinaus. - Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2020, 309 S. - (Jüdische Religion, Geschichte und Kultur, Bd. 26). - ISBN: 978-3-525-57340-2
JF  - Medaon : Magazin für jüdisches Leben in Forschung und Bildung
Y1  - 2021
UR  - http://www.medaon.de/pdf/medaon_28_kollodzeiski.pdf
SN  - 1866-069X
VL  - 15
IS  - 28
PB  - HATiKVA
CY  - Dresden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike
T1  - Rezension zu: Zinser, Hartmut: Heilige Schriften zwischen Opferkult und Wortgottesdienst. - Aschaffenburg: Alibri, 202. - 126 S. - ISBN 978-3-86569-316-7
JF  - Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2021-0006
SN  - 2194-508X
SN  - 0943-8610
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 160
EP  - 163
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schomöller, Anne
A1  - Schugardt, Monique
A1  - Kotsch, Peggy
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - The effect of body composition on cycling power during an incremental test in young athletes
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association
N2  - Schomoller, A, Schugardt, M, Kotsch, P, and Mayer, F. The effect of body composition on cycling power during an incremental test in young athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3225-3231, 2021-As body composition (BC) is a modifiable factor influencing sports performance, it is of interest for athletes and coaches to optimize BC to fulfill the specific physical demands of one sport discipline. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of body fat (BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) on aerobic performance in young athletes. Body composition parameters were evaluated among gender and age groups of young athletes undergoing their mandatory health examination. The maximal power (in Watts per kilogram body mass) of a stepwise incremental ergometer test was compared between 6 BC types: high BF, high FFM, high BF and high FFM, normal BC values, low BF, and low FFM. With increasing age (11-13 vs. 14-16 years) BF decreased and FFM increased in both genders. Both BC parameters, as well as body mass, correlated moderately with performance output (r = 0.36-0.6). Subjects with high BF or high FFM or both had significantly lower ergometer test results compared with those with low BF and FFM in all age and gender groups (p < 0.05). The finding that high levels of BF and FFM are detrimental for cycle power output is important to consider in disciplines that demand high levels of aerobic and anaerobic performance.
KW  - youth competitive sport
KW  - body fat
KW  - fat-free mass
KW  - cycling performance
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003271
SN  - 1064-8011
SN  - 1533-4287
VL  - 35
IS  - 11
SP  - 3225
EP  - 3231
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Henschke, Jakob
A1  - Zecher, Mahli Megan
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Engel, Tilman
T1  - Contralateral repeated bout effect following preconditioning exercises
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Sport sciences for health
N2  - Background Recent studies indicate the existence of a repeated bout effect on the contralateral untrained limb following eccentric and isometric contractions. Aims This review aims to summarize the evidence for magnitude, duration and differences of this effect following isometric and eccentric preconditioning exercises. Methods Medline, Cochrane, and Web of science were searched from January 1971 until September 2020. Randomized controlled trials, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies were identified by combining keywords and synonyms (e.g., "contralateral", "exercise", "preconditioning", "protective effect"). At least two of the following outcome parameters were mandatory for study inclusion: strength, muscle soreness, muscle swelling, limb circumference, inflammatory blood markers or protective index (relative change of aforementioned measures). Results After identifying 1979 articles, 13 studies were included. Most investigations examined elbow flexors and utilized eccentric isokinetic protocols to induce the contralateral repeated bout effect. The magnitude of protection was observed in four studies, smaller values of the contralateral when compared to the ipsilateral repeated bout effect were noted in three studies. The potential mechanism is thought to be of neural central nature since no differences in peripheral muscle activity were observed. Time course was examined in three investigations. One study showed a smaller protective effect following isometric preconditioning when compared to eccentric preconditioning exercises. Conclusions The contralateral repeated bout effect demonstrates a smaller magnitude and lasts shorter than the ipsilateral repeated bout effect. Future research should incorporate long-term controlled trials including larger populations to identify central mechanisms. This knowledge should be used in clinical practice to prepare immobilized limbs prospectively for an incremental load.
KW  - musculoskeletal physiological phenomena
KW  - muscle damage
KW  - adaptation
KW  - Crossover
KW  - muscle soreness
KW  - isometric contraction
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00804-0
SN  - 1824-7490
SN  - 1825-1234
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Soringer Italia
CY  - Milan
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buyinza, Daniel
A1  - Derese, Solomon
A1  - Ndakala, Albert
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Yenesew, Abiy
A1  - Koch, Andreas
A1  - Oriko, Richard
T1  - A coumestan and a coumaronochromone from Millettia lasiantha
JF  - Biochemical systematics and ecology
N2  - The manuscript describes the phytochemical investigation of the roots, leaves and stem bark of Millettia lasiantha resulting in the isolation of twelve compounds including two new isomeric isoflavones lascoumestan and las-coumaronochromone. The structures of the new compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques.
KW  - Millettia lasiantha
KW  - Leguminosae
KW  - Coumestan
KW  - Coumaronochromone
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2021.104277
SN  - 0305-1978
SN  - 1873-2925
VL  - 97
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Petersen, Ann-Christin
A1  - von Rezori, Roman Enzio
A1  - Buchallik, Friederike
A1  - Baumeister, Harald
A1  - Holl, Reinhard
A1  - Minden, Kirsten
A1  - Müller-​Stierlin, Annabel Sandra
A1  - Reinauer, Christina
A1  - Staab, Doris
A1  - COACH consortium, 
T1  - A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
JF  - BMC Pediatrics
N2  - Background
Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions.

Methods/design
We plan to consecutively recruit N = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey.

Discussion
The study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021.
KW  - Chronic conditions
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Prospective
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - Resiliency
KW  - Coping
KW  - Protective factors
KW  - Type 1 diabetes
KW  - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
KW  - Cystic fibrosis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9
SN  - 1471-2431
VL  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - BMC pediatrics
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Maier, Corinna
T1  - Bayesian data assimilation and reinforcement learning for model-informed precision dosing in oncology
T1  - Bayes’sche Datenassimilation und Reinforcement Learning für die modellinformierte Präzisionsdosierung in der Onkologie
N2  - While patients are known to respond differently to drug therapies, current clinical practice often still follows a standardized dosage regimen for all patients. For drugs with a narrow range of both effective and safe concentrations, this approach may lead to a high incidence of adverse events or subtherapeutic dosing in the presence of high patient variability. Model-informedprecision dosing (MIPD) is a quantitative approach towards dose individualization based on mathematical modeling of dose-response relationships integrating therapeutic drug/biomarker monitoring (TDM) data. MIPD may considerably improve the efficacy and safety of many drug therapies. Current MIPD approaches, however, rely either on pre-calculated dosing tables or on simple point predictions of the therapy outcome. These
approaches lack a quantification of uncertainties and the ability to account for effects that are delayed. In addition, the underlying models are not improved while applied to patient data. Therefore, current approaches are not well suited for informed clinical decision-making based on a differentiated understanding of the individually predicted therapy outcome.

The objective of this thesis is to develop mathematical approaches for MIPD, which (i) provide efficient fully Bayesian forecasting of the individual therapy outcome including associated uncertainties, (ii) integrate Markov decision processes via reinforcement learning (RL) for a comprehensive decision framework for dose individualization, (iii) allow for continuous learning across patients and hospitals. Cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy with its major dose-limiting toxicity, neutropenia, serves as a therapeutically relevant application example.

For more comprehensive therapy forecasting, we apply Bayesian data assimilation (DA) approaches, integrating patient-specific TDM data into mathematical models of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia that build on prior population analyses. The value of uncertainty quantification is demonstrated as it allows reliable computation of the patient-specific probabilities of relevant clinical quantities, e.g., the neutropenia grade. In view of novel home monitoring devices that increase the amount of TDM data available, the data processing of
sequential DA methods proves to be more efficient and facilitates handling of the variability between dosing events.

By transferring concepts from DA and RL we develop novel approaches for MIPD. While DA-guided dosing integrates individualized uncertainties into dose selection, RL-guided dosing provides a framework to consider delayed effects of dose selections. The combined
DA-RL approach takes into account both aspects simultaneously and thus represents a holistic approach towards MIPD. Additionally, we show that RL can be used to gain insights into important patient characteristics for dose selection. The novel dosing strategies substantially reduce the occurrence of both subtherapeutic and life-threatening neutropenia grades in a simulation study based on a recent clinical study (CEPAC-TDM trial) compared to currently used MIPD approaches.

If MIPD is to be implemented in routine clinical practice, a certain model bias with respect to the underlying model is inevitable, as the models are typically based on data from comparably small clinical trials that reflect only to a limited extent the diversity in real-world patient populations. We propose a sequential hierarchical Bayesian inference framework that enables continuous cross-patient learning to learn the underlying model parameters of the target patient population. It is important to note that the approach only requires summary information of the individual patient data to update the model. This separation of the individual inference from population inference enables implementation across different centers of care.

The proposed approaches substantially improve current MIPD approaches, taking into account new trends in health care and aspects of practical applicability. They enable progress towards more informed clinical decision-making, ultimately increasing patient benefits beyond the current practice.
N2  - Obwohl Patienten sehr unterschiedlich auf medikamentöse Therapien ansprechen, werden in der klinischen Praxis häufig noch standardisierte Dosierungsschemata angewendet. Bei Arzneimitteln mit engen therapeutischen Fenstern zwischen minimal wirksamen und toxischen Konzentrationen kann dieser Ansatz bei hoher interindividueller Variabilität zu häufigem Auftreten von Toxizitäten oder subtherapeutischen Konzentrationen führen. Die modellinformierte Präzisionsdosierung (MIPD) ist ein quantitativer Ansatz zur Dosisindividualisierung, der auf der mathematischen Modellierung von Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen beruht und Daten aus dem therapeutischen Drug/Biomarker-Monitoring (TDM) einbezieht. Die derzeitigen MIPD-Ansätze verwenden entweder Dosierungstabellen oder einfache Punkt-Vorhersagen des Therapieverlaufs. Diesen Ansätzen fehlt eine Quantifizierung der Unsicherheiten, verzögerte Effekte werden nicht berücksichtigt und die zugrunde liegenden Modelle werden im Laufe der Anwendung nicht verbessert. Daher sind die derzeitigen Ansätze nicht ideal für eine fundierte klinische Entscheidungsfindung auf Grundlage eines differenzierten Verständnisses des individuell vorhergesagten Therapieverlaufs.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mathematische Ansätze für das MIPD zu entwickeln, die (i) eine effiziente, vollständig Bayes’sche Vorhersage des individuellen Therapieverlaufs einschließlich der damit verbundenen Unsicherheiten ermöglichen, (ii) Markov-Entscheidungsprozesse mittels Reinforcement Learning (RL) in einen umfassenden Entscheidungsrahmen zur Dosisindividualisierung integrieren, und (iii) ein kontinuierliches Lernen zwischen Patienten erlauben. Die antineoplastische Chemotherapie mit ihrer wichtigen dosislimitierenden Toxizität, der Neutropenie, dient als therapeutisch relevantes Anwendungsbeispiel.
Für eine umfassendere Therapievorhersage wenden wir Bayes’sche Datenassimilationsansätze (DA) an, um TDM-Daten in mathematische Modelle der Chemotherapie-induzierten Neutropenie zu integrieren. Wir zeigen, dass die Quantifizierung von Unsicherheiten einen großen Mehrwert bietet, da sie eine zuverlässige Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeiten relevanter klinischer Größen, z.B. des Neutropeniegrades, ermöglicht. Im Hinblick auf neue Home-Monitoring-Geräte, die die Anzahl der verfügbaren TDM-Daten erhöhen, erweisen sich sequenzielle DA-Methoden als effizienter und erleichtern den Umgang mit der Unsicherheit zwischen Dosierungsereignissen. Basierend auf Konzepten aus DA und RL, entwickeln wir neue Ansätze für MIPD.
Während die DA-geleitete Dosierung individualisierte Unsicherheiten in die Dosisauswahl integriert, berücksichtigt die RL-geleitete Dosierung verzögerte Effekte der Dosisauswahl. Der kombinierte DA-RL-Ansatz vereint beide Aspekte und stellt somit einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz für MIPD dar. Zusätzlich zeigen wir, dass RL Informationen über die für die Dosisauswahl relevanten Patientencharakteristika liefert. Der Vergleich zu derzeit verwendeten MIPD Ansätzen in einer auf einer klinischen Studie (CEPAC-TDM-Studie) basierenden Simulationsstudie zeigt, dass die entwickelten Dosierungsstrategien das Auftreten subtherapeutischer Konzentrationen sowie lebensbedrohlicher Neutropenien drastisch reduzieren.
Wird MIPD in der klinischen Routine eingesetzt, ist eine gewisse Modellverzerrung unvermeidlich. Die Modelle basieren in der Regel auf Daten aus vergleichsweise kleinen klinischen Studien, die die Heterogenität realer Patientenpopulationen nur begrenzt widerspiegeln. Wir schlagen einen sequenziellen hierarchischen Bayes’schen Inferenzrahmen vor, der ein kontinuierliches patientenübergreifendes Lernen ermöglicht, um die zugrunde liegenden Modellparameter der Ziel-Patientenpopulation zu erlernen. Zur Aktualisierung des Modells erfordert dieser Ansatz lediglich zusammenfassende Informationen der individuellen Patientendaten, was eine Umsetzung über verschiedene Versorgungszentren hinweg erlaubt.
Die vorgeschlagenen Ansätze verbessern die derzeitigen MIPD-Ansätze erheblich, wobei neue Trends in der Gesundheitsversorgung und Aspekte der praktischen Anwendbarkeit berücksichtigt werden. Damit stellen sie einen Fortschritt in Richtung einer fundierteren klinischen Entscheidungsfindung dar.
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - Datenassimilation
KW  - reinforcement learning
KW  - model-informed precision dosing
KW  - pharmacometrics
KW  - oncology
KW  - modellinformierte Präzisionsdosierung
KW  - Onkologie
KW  - Pharmakometrie
KW  - Reinforcement Learning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515870
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pilz, Marco
A1  - Isken, Marius Paul
A1  - Fleming, Kevin
A1  - Orunbaev, Sagynbek
A1  - Moldobekov, Bolot
T1  - Long- and short-term monitoring of a dam in response to seasonal changes and ground motion loading
BT  - the test case of the Kurpsai Dam, Western Kyrgyz Republic
JF  - Pure and applied geophysics : PAGEOPH ; continuation of Geofisica pura e applicata
N2  - An experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam's segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time-frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified.
KW  - Structural health monitoring
KW  - Dam engineering
KW  - Operational and environmental effects
KW  - Strong-motion
KW  - Strain
KW  - Elastic response
KW  - Kurpsai dam
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02861-5
SN  - 0033-4553
SN  - 1420-9136
VL  - 178
IS  - 10
SP  - 4001
EP  - 4020
PB  - Birkhäuser
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McNamara, James
ED  - Geue, Tom
ED  - Giusti, Elena
T1  - Lost in Germania
BT  - the absence of history in Tacitus'  ethnography
JF  - Unspoken Rome: Absences in Latin Texts
N2  - Tacitus’ Germania is notable for its absences: lacking a preface and programmatic statements, and being the only ethnographic monograph to have survived from Greco-Roman antiquity, readers have often leapt to fill in its perceived blanks. This chapter aims at redressing the effects of overdetermined readings by interpreting the text’s absences as significant in their own right.
KW  - Tacitus
KW  - Germania
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - Ethnographie
KW  - Historiography
KW  - Geschichtsschreibung
KW  - Absence
KW  - Latin literature
KW  - Lateinische Literatur
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-11-0884-304-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108913843.012
SP  - 201
EP  - 218
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Michaelis, Vivien
A1  - Aengenheister, Leonie
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Buerki-Thurnherr, Tina
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
T1  - Manganese translocation across an in vitro model of human villous trophoblast
T2  - Placenta
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.205
SN  - 0143-4004
SN  - 1532-3102
VL  - 112
SP  - E63
EP  - E64
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kahl, Sandra
A1  - Kappel, Christian
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Lenhard, Michael
T1  - Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change, it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability.

To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole-genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperatures (18°C and 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65, 75, and 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity-related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole-genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S. vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations, and another cluster containing central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude, and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1218 
KW  - climate adaptation
KW  - ddRAD
KW  - Silene vulgaris
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530035
SN  - 1866-8372
SP  - 13986
EP  - 14002
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Novakovic, Lazar
T1  - Investigating DEFECTIVE KERNEL 1 regulation of primary cell wall biosynthesis and mechanical properties during plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
N2  - Plants possess cell wall, a polysaccharide exoskeleton which encompasses all plant cells. Cell wall gives plant cells mechanical support, defines their shape, enables growth and water transport through a plant. It also has important role in communication with the external environment. Regulation of plant cell wall biosynthesis and cell and organ morphogenesis depends on cell’s ability to detect mechanical signals originating both from the external environment and from internal plant tissues. Thanks to the presence of the cell wall, all living plant cells develop constant internal pressure generated by the active water uptake, known as turgor pressure, which enables them to grow. Thus, actively growing cells in the tissue are exerting mechanical stress to each other. In order to properly coordinate cell growth, tissue morphogenesis and maintain cell-to-cell adhesion, plant cell have to detect these mechanical signals. That is performed by a group of still not well enough characterized plant mechanosensitive proteins. Mechanosensors are proteins capable of detecting changes in mechanical stress patterns and translating them into physiological and developmental outputs. One of plant mechanosensitive proteins, DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) has shown to be a very important in proper plant development. DEK1 bears similarity with animal cysteine proteases of Calpain superfamily. DEK1 is very important for plant development since all null alleles are embryo lethal. During the last 20 years of DEK1 studies, this protein has proven to be a very difficult for different molecular and biochemical manipulations. As a consequence, very little is known about its direct target proteins. Wang and co-workers (2003) and Johnson and co-workers (2008) have given a valuable contribution to biochemical understanding of DEK1 by determining that it functions as Cys-protease in similar way as animal calpains. However, a lot of indirect knowledge was gathered about the effects of disruption and modulation of DEK1 activity. DEK1 is important for proper organ development, epidermal specification, and maintenance. However, some studies have inferred that DEK1 affects expression of different cell wall related genes, and it regulates cell-to-cell adhesion in epidermal cells. This led to two extensive studies (Amanda et al., 2016, 2017) which demonstrated importance of DEK1 in regulation leaf epidermal cell walls in A. thaliana mature leaves and inflorescence stems. These studies demonstrated that DEK1 also influences cell wall thickness and cell-to-cell adhesion and that it could potentially regulate cell growth and expansion. Building up on this research, we decided to try to further characterize molecular and biomechanical aspects of DEK1 mediated cell wall regulation, with special emphasis on regulation of cellulose synthesis. We used two mutant lines, with modulated DEK1 activity, a constitutive overexpressor for DEK1 CALPAIN domain and a point mutant in CALPAIN domain, dek1-4. In Chapter 3 we demonstrated that DEK1 regulates dynamics of Cellulose Synthase Complexes (CSCs). Both lines showed decreased crystalline cellulose contents. This led us to investigate if velocity of CSCs in cotyledons, was affected, since it is known that changes in cellulose contents are often caused by defects in CSC. We found that bothDEK1 modulated lines we used have significantly decreased velocity of CSCs. We have also examined plasma membrane turnover rates of CSCs and found out that after photo-bleaching OE CALPAIN has much faster recovery rates compared to Col-0 wild type, while dek1-4 has lower exocytotic rates of CSCs, and much longer life-time of CSCs inserted into the plasma membrane. These results suggested that DEK1 regulates different aspects of CSC dynamics, possibly through interaction with different regulatory proteins. Decrease in cellulose contents we observed in DEK1 modulated lines, prompted us to investigate how this reflects biomechanics and structural properties of epidermal cotyledon cell walls of DEK1 modulated lines, which is described in Chapter 4. To achieve this, we developed a novel microdissection method for isolation and mechanical and structural characterization of native epidermal cell wall monolayers using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM force spectroscopy assays showed that both DEK1 modulated lines had stiffer cell walls compared to Col-0. This was awkward since we initially detected decrease in crystalline cellulose which implied decrease in cell wall stiffness. However, subsequent high-resolution AFM imaging has revealed that DEK1 modulate lines cells walls have their cellulose microfibrils organized in thicker bundles than Col-0. Also, polysaccharide composition analysis has revealed that DEK1 modulated lines have increased abundance of pectins, which could also be responsible for the observed increase in cell wall stiffness. Previous work has shown that different dek1 mutants and modulated lines have defects in cell-to-cell adhesion. This implied that DEK1 may be involved in sensing and/or maintaining cell wall integrity (CWI). We performed several growth assays to determine role of DEK1 in CWI, which is described in Chapter 5. We performed cellulose synthesis perturbation assays with cellulose synthesis inhibitor Isoxaben and obtained very interesting results. While OE CALPAIN plants were hypersensitive to Isoxaben, dek1-4 has shown complete insensitivity. Furthermore, a regular CWI maintenance response, reported in A. thaliana as result of compromised CWI, ectopic lignification in seedlings’ roots was absent in both DEK1 modulated lines we examined. We detected interesting growth response of DEK1 lines to NaCl and mannitol treatments as well. Although these findings are pointing out that DEK1 could be part of CWI signalling pathways, more experiments are necessary to fully elucidate possible role of DEK1 in CWI sensing and/or maintenance pathways, especially to check if DEK1 is interacting with Catharanthus roseus Receptor Like Kinase group of CWI sensors. Studies on 4-month old short day grown DEK1 modulated lines, have shown defects in branching, with development of fasciated stem branches in a DEK1 modulated line overexpressing CALPAIN domain (Amanda et al., 2017). This result pointed out to a possibility that DEK1 may regulate organ morphogenesis and patterning at the level of shoot apical meristem (SAM). Work towards elucidating role of DEK1 in SAM maintenance and organ patterning is detailed in Chapter 6. We determined that OE CALPAIN had significantly larger central zone of SAM as well as larger individual SAM cells in central zone, as well as higher distribution of cell sizes, implying possible cell expansion defects. dek1-4 did not exhibited changes in SAM central zone size or individual stem cell size, but it seemed that it had increased number of stem cells in SAM central zone. Both DEK1 lines had perturbation of phyllotaxis on SAM level, with disturbed divergence angles between floral primordia. Disturbed phyllotaxis was also observed between siliques, in mature plants. In addition to this, OE CALPAIN has exhibited occurrence of multiple (up to four) siliques growing from a single stem node. All this is pointing out that DEK1 might participate in hormone-signalling in the SAM.. DEK1 is a highly intriguing protein. However, since it is a unigene, and in addition to that, a regulatory protease, it probably participates in multiple signalling pathways, which makes understanding its function much more complicated.
KW  - DEK1
KW  - atomic force microscopy
KW  - cellulose microfibrils
KW  - shoot apical meristem
KW  - phyllotaxis
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - cellulose synthase complex
KW  - cell wall
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Eilers, Sarah
T1  - Children's processing of anaphora during reading comprehension
BT  - an eye tracking study
N2  - Viele Kinder haben Schwierigkeiten, während des Lesens einen Textinhalt adäquat zu erfassen. Lesen ist eine komplexe kognitive Aufgabe, die verschiedene Unteraufgaben umfasst, darunter zum Beispiel das Dekodieren von Wörtern und das Verknüpfen mehrerer aufeinander folgender Sätze. Einen Teil dieser Verknüpfungen machen referenzielle Ausdrücke aus. Referenzen wie nominale Anaphern (Minky/die Katze) oder Pronomen (Minky/sie) signalisieren den Lesenden, wie die Protagonisten und Protagonistinnen in aufeinander folgenden Sätzen zusammenhängen. Die Lesenden verknüpfen diese Information in einem mentalen Modell des Textes, nachdem sie die Referenz aufgelöst haben. Besonders Personalpronomen (er/sie) können ohne einen solchen Auflösungsprozess nicht verstanden werden. Sie müssen mit einem passenden Antezedenten in Verbindung gebracht werden, oder das mentale Modell bleibt unvollständig. Gelungene Pronomenauflösung ist somit besonders bedeutsam für ein gutes Textverständnis. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Pronomenauflösung von Grundschulkindern im Alter von 8-9 Jahren und geht dabei der grundsätzlichen Frage nach, ob Kinder in diesem Alter Pronomen in natürlichen Lesesituationen spontan auflösen. Zudem wurde am Beispiel der Geschlechtsinformation des Pronomens untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Informationsdichte um die Pronomenregion auf die Blickbewegungen von Kindern hat. Dabei ging es auch um den Einfluss von Leseentwicklung und Lesefertigkeiten auf die Blickbewegungen beim Lesen, sowie auf das Verstehen eines Pronomens.

Die erste Studie untersuchte das Lesen kurzer Texte, die aus jeweils drei Sätzen bestanden. Der erste Satz führte einen Protagonisten mit Namen ein (Mia), auf den sich der zweite oder dritte Satz bezog, entweder mit einer Wiederholung des Namens (Mia) oder einem Pronomen (sie). Die Studie ging der Frage nach, ob Kinder bei solchen salienten Antezedenten ein Pronomen (sie) als referenziellen Ausdruck dem wiederholten Namen (Mia) vorziehen. In der Literatur zum Lesen Erwachsener ist dieser Befund als repeated name penalty effect bekannt: Der Lesefluss von geübten Lesenden wird durch die Wiederholung einer Nominalphrase deutlich beeinträchtigt. Für Kinder dagegen wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass deren Lesefluss durch die Wiederholung verbessert werden könnte, und zwar aufgrund der sich überlappenden Wortform (Mia – Mia) die eine kognitiv aufwändige Auflösung des Pronomens (Mia – sie) überflüssig macht.

Die zweite Studie untersuchte die Verarbeitung von kongruenten und inkongruenten Geschlechtsinformation auf dem Pronomen. Die Kinder bekamen komplexe Sätze zu lesen, bei denen das Pronomen entweder passend zum Antezedenten gewählt war (Mia – sie) oder unpassend (Mia – er). Ergänzend wurden Leseverstehen und Leseflüssigkeit erhoben und mit der Fähigkeit der Kinder, spontan ein inkongruentes Pronomen während des Lesens zu erkennen, in Verbindung gebracht.

Die dritte Studie untersuchte die Blickbewegungen auf dem Pronomen in Abhängigkeit von variierender Geschlechtsinformationen genauer. Sie verglich den Lesefluss und das Leseverstehen von Kindern in Pronomenregionen, in denen das Pronomen anhand von der Geschlechtsinformation eindeutig einem Protagonisten zugeordnet werden kann (Peter und Paula…, er…) mit Lesesituationen, in denen der weitere Satzkontext zur Auflösung herangezogen werden muss (Peter und Paul, … er…). Dabei wurden die Blickbewegungen auf der Pronomenregion mit dem Leseverstehen, insbesondere dem Verstehen des Pronomens, in Verbindung gebracht. Dieses Experiment wurde im Sinne einer Longitudinalstudie in Klasse 3 und Klasse 4 mit der gleichen Gruppe von 70 Kindern durchgeführt.

Zusammengefasst belegen die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation, dass Kinder im Alter zwischen 8 und 9 Jahren noch deutliche Schwierigkeiten mit dem Verstehen von Pronomen in Leseaufgaben haben. Die Antworten auf Verständnisfragen zum Pronomen zeigen insbesondere, dass Kinder die Kontextinformation in Sätzen nur unzureichend für die Pronomenauflösung nutzen, und dass ihr Verständnis eines Pronomens wesentlich davon abhängt, ob das Pronomen anhand der Geschlechtsinformation eindeutig einem Antezedenten zugewiesen werden kann. Dies zeigte sich bei Kindern im 3., aber auch noch im 4. Schuljahr. 

Die Ergebnisse der Analyse von Blickbewegungsdaten, welche den wesentlichen Beitrag der vorliegenden Dissertation zum Forschungsfeld darstellen, zeigen zunächst, dass Kinder ein Pronomen erwarten, wenn der Antezent salient ist (Studie 1). Anders als angenommen gibt es keinen Beleg dafür, dass der kindliche Lesefluss von einer Wiederholung des Antezedenten profitiert. Der Befund eines repeated name penalty effects bei Kindern dieser Altersgruppe belegt im Gegenteil eine Sensitivität für die Diskursregeln, nach denen Pronomen auf saliente Antezedenten referieren. Allerdings kann daraus nicht abgeleitet werden, dass die Online-Pronomenauflösung von Kindern mit denen von erwachsenen Lesenden vergleichbar ist. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse von Blickbewegungsdaten auf der Pronomenregion (Studien 2 und 3) belegen wichtige Unterschiede zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen, sowie deutliche interindividuelle Unterschiede in Zusammenhang mit dem Leseverstehen und der Leseflüssigkeit der Kinder.

Die Ergebnisse der Studie 2 belegen einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Leseflüssigkeit eines Kindes und der Fähigkeit, eine Inkongruenz zwischen Pronomen und Antezedenten während des Lesens wahrzunehmen. Während alle Kinder längere gaze durations (erste Verweildauer) auf einem inkongruenten Pronomen hatten, zeigte sich nur bei Kindern mit hoher Leseflüssigkeit eine Tendenz zu regressiven Blickbewegungen aus der fraglichen Pronomenregion. Diese regressiven Blickbewegungen gelten als Signal für eine lokale Verarbeitungsschwierigkeit und werden als Versuch interpretiert, diese Schwierigkeit aufzulösen. Eine hohe Leseflüssigkeit war also korreliert mit dem Erkennen der Inkongruenz. Darüber hinaus war das Blickbewegungsmuster der Kinder, die die Inkongruenz erkannten, vergleichbarer mit dem der erwachsenen Kontrollgruppe. Die Befunde werden so interpretiert, dass Kinder mit einer höheren Leseflüssigkeit mehr kognitive Ressourcen für die Überwachung ihres eigenen Leseprozesses zur Verfügung stehen, und sie diese freien Ressourcen zur Pronomenauflösung auch in schwierigen Satzkontexten nutzen können.

Kinder unterscheiden sich stark in ihrem Leseverstehen, auch innerhalb einer Kohorte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Dissertation belegen, dass vorwiegend Kinder mit gutem Leseverstehen in der Lage sind, Pronomen während des Lesens anhand derer Geschlechtsinformation aufzulösen. Es lässt sich zeigen, dass sich gute Lesende nachweislich mehr Zeit in einer Pronomenregion nehmen, wenn das Pronomen anhand der Geschlechtsinformation direkt aufgelöst werden kann. Darin unterscheiden sie sich von schlechteren Lesenden, auch wenn diese insgesamt eine längere Lesedauer zeigen. Das Alter der Kinder war dabei weniger entscheidend als ihre individuelle Leistung im Leseverstehens- und Leseflüssigkeitstest. 

Zusammengefasst lässt sich sagen, dass gute Lesende unter den Kindern in der Lage sind, Pronomen während des Lesens spontan aufzulösen. Dabei ist das Leseverstehen ein entscheidender Faktor in beiden untersuchten Altersstufen. Für einen Einfluss des Alters der Kinder gab es dagegen kein Indiz.
Der Beitrag der vorliegenden Dissertation zum Forschungsfeld ist die Untersuchung und Darstellung der spezifischen Blickbewegungsmuster im Zusammenhang mit einer erfolgreichen Auflösung von Pronomen bei Kindern. Das Blickbewegungsverhalten in der Pronomenregion ist abhängig vom Leseverstehen und der Leseflüssigkeit der Kinder. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass viele Kinder Pronomen während des Satzverstehens nicht spontan auflösen, was sich negativ auf ihr Leseverstehen auswirkt, und zwar vermutlich umso mehr in komplexeren Textzusammenhängen. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht die kognitiven Anforderungen, die erfolgreiche Pronomenauflösung an Kinder stellt. Nicht zuletzt gibt sie wichtige Impulse für die Untersuchung von übergeordneten Leseprozessen in natürlichen Leseumgebungen mittels Eyetracking auch bei jüngeren Kindern.
N2  - Many children struggle with reading for comprehension. Reading is a complex cognitive task depending on various sub-tasks, such as word decoding and building connections across sentences. The task of connecting sentences is guided by referential expressions. References, such as anaphoric noun phrases (Minky/the cat) or pronouns (Minky/she), signal to the reader how the protagonists of adjacent sentences are connected. Readers construct a coherent mental model of the text by resolving these references. Personal pronouns (he/she) in particular need to be resolved towards an appropriate antecedent before they can be fully understood. Pronoun resolution therefore is vital for successful text comprehension. The present thesis investigated children’s resolution of personal pronouns during natural reading as a possible source of reading comprehension difficulty. Three eye tracking studies investigated whether children aged 8-9 (Grade 3-4) resolve pronouns online during reading and how the varying information around the pronoun region influences children’s eye movement behavior.

The first study investigated whether children prefer a pronoun over a noun phrase when the antecedent is highly accessible. Children read three-sentence stories that introduced a protagonist (Mia) in the first sentence and a reference to this protagonist in one of the following sentences using either a repeated name (Mia) or a pronoun (she). For proficient readers, it was repeatedly shown that there is a preference for a pronoun over the name in these contexts, i.e., when the antecedent is salient. The first study tested the repeated name penalty effect in children using eye tracking. It was hypothesized that in contrast to proficient readers, the fluency of children’s reading processing profits from an overlapping word form (i.e., the repeated noun phrase) compared to a pronoun. This is because overlapping word forms allow for direct mapping, whereas pronouns have to be resolved towards their antecedent first.

The second study investigated children’s online processing of pronominal gender in a mismatch paradigm. Children read sentences in which the pronoun either was a gender-match to the antecedent or a gender-mismatch. Reading skill and reading fluency were also tested and related to children’s ability to detect a mismatching pronoun during reading.

The third study investigated the online processing of gender information on the pronoun and whether disambiguating gender information improves the accuracy of pronoun comprehension. Offline comprehension accuracy, that is the comprehension of the pronoun, was related to children’s online eye movement behavior. This study was conducted in a semi-longitudinal paradigm: 70 children were tested in Grade 3 (age 8) and again in Grade 4 (age 9) to investigate effects of age and reading skill on pronoun processing and comprehension.

The results of this thesis clearly show that children aged 8-9, when they are in the second half of primary school, struggle with the comprehension of pronouns in reading tasks. The responses to pronoun comprehension questions revealed that children have difficulties with the comprehension of a pronoun in the absence of a disambiguating gender cue, that is when they have to apply context information. When there is a gender cue to disambiguate the pronoun, children’s accuracy improves significantly. This is true for children in Grade 3, but also in Grade 4, albeit their overall resolution accuracy slightly improves with age.
The results from the analyses of eye movements suggest that the discourse accessibility of an antecedent does play a role in children’s processing of pronouns and repeated names. The repetition of a name does not facilitate children’s reading processing like it was anticipated. Similar to adults, children showed a penalty effect for the repeated name where a pronoun is expected. However, this does not mean that children’s processing of pronouns is always adult-like. The results from eye movement analyses in the pronoun region during sentence reading revealed significant individual differences related to children’s individual reading skill and reading fluency.

The results from the mismatch study revealed that reading fluency is associated with children’s detection of incongruent pronouns. All children had longer gaze durations at mismatching than matching pronouns, but only fluent readers among the children followed this up with a regression out of the pronoun region. This was interpreted as an attempt to gain processing time and “repair” the inconsistency. Reading fluency was therefore associated with detection of the mismatch, while less fluent readers did not see any mismatch between pronoun and antecedent. The eye movement pattern of the “detectors” is more adult-like and was interpreted as reflecting successful monitoring and attempted pronoun resolution.

Children differ considerably in their reading comprehension skill. The results of this thesis show that only skilled readers among the children use gender information online for pronoun resolution. They took more time to read the pronoun when there was disambiguating gender information that was useful to resolve the pronoun, in contrast to the less skilled readers. Age was a less important factor in pronoun resolution processes and comprehension than were reading skill and reading fluency. Taken together, this suggests that the good readers direct cognitive resources towards pronoun resolution when the pronoun can be resolved, which is a successful comprehension strategy. Moreover, there was evidence that reading skill is a relevant factor in this task but not age.

The contribution of the present thesis is a depiction of the specific eye movement patterns that are related to successful and unsuccessful attempts at pronoun resolution in children. Eye movement behavior in the pronoun area is related to children’s reading skill and fluency. The results of this thesis suggest that many children do not resolve pronouns spontaneously during sentence reading, which is likely detrimental to their reading comprehension in more complex reading materials. The present thesis informs our understanding of the challenge that pronoun resolution poses for beginning readers, and gives new impulses for the study of higher-order reading processes in children’s natural reading.
KW  - reading development
KW  - pronoun resolution
KW  - anaphora
KW  - Anaphern
KW  - Pronomenauflösung
KW  - Leseentwicklung
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-527141
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Petersen, Ann-Christin
A1  - von Rezori, Roman Enzio
A1  - Buchallik, Friederike
A1  - Baumeister, Harald
A1  - Holl, Reinhard
A1  - Minden, Kirsten
A1  - Müller-​Stierlin, Annabel Sandra
A1  - Reinauer, Christina
A1  - Staab, Doris
A1  - COACH consortium, 
T1  - A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background
Relatively little is known about protective factors and the emergence and maintenance of positive outcomes in the field of adolescents with chronic conditions. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to acquire a deeper understanding of the dynamic process of resilience factors, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents living with chronic conditions.

Methods/design
We plan to consecutively recruit N = 450 adolescents (12–21 years) from three German patient registries for chronic conditions (type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Based on screening for anxiety and depression, adolescents are assigned to two parallel groups – “inconspicuous” (PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 7) vs. “conspicuous” (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ≥ 7) – participating in a prospective online survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. At two time points (T1, T2), we assess (1) intra- and interpersonal resiliency factors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) health-related quality of life, well-being, satisfaction with life, anxiety and depression. Using a cross-lagged panel design, we will examine the bidirectional longitudinal relations between resiliency factors and coping strategies, psychological adaptation, and psychosocial adjustment. To monitor Covid-19 pandemic effects, participants are also invited to take part in an intermediate online survey.

Discussion
The study will provide a deeper understanding of adaptive, potentially modifiable processes and will therefore help to develop novel, tailored interventions supporting a positive adaptation in youths with a chronic condition. These strategies should not only support those at risk but also promote the maintenance of a successful adaptation.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), no. DRKS00025125. Registered on May 17, 2021.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 762 
KW  - Chronic conditions
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Prospective
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - Resiliency
KW  - Coping
KW  - Protective factors
KW  - Type 1 diabetes
KW  - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
KW  - Cystic fibrosis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549951
SN  - 1866-8364
VL  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 761 
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549827
SN  - 1866-8364
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Xun
A1  - Nie, Yan
A1  - Wang, Weiwei
A1  - Ma, Nan
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Periodic thermomechanical modulation of toll-like receptor expression and distribution in mesenchymal stromal cells
JF  - MRS communications / a publication of the Materials Research Society
N2  - Toll-like receptor (TLR) can trigger an immune response against virus including SARS-CoV-2. TLR expression/distribution is varying in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) depending on their culture environments. Here, to explore the effect of periodic thermomechanical cues on TLRs, thermally controlled shape-memory polymer sheets with programmable actuation capacity were created. The proportion of MSCs expressing SARS-CoV-2-associated TLRs was increased upon stimulation. The TLR4/7 colocalization was promoted and retained in the endoplasmic reticula. The TLR redistribution was driven by myosin-mediated F-actin assembly. These results highlight the potential of boosting the immunity for combating COVID-19 via thermomechanical preconditioning of MSCs.
KW  - Actuation
KW  - Antiviral
KW  - Biomaterial
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Shape memory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-021-00049-5
SN  - 2159-6867
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 425
EP  - 431
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tokmoldin, Nurlan
A1  - Vollbrecht, Joachim
A1  - Hosseini, Seyed Mehrdad
A1  - Sun, Bowen
A1  - Perdigón-Toro, Lorena
A1  - Woo, Han Young
A1  - Zou, Yingping
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
T1  - Explaining the fill-factor and photocurrent losses of nonfullerene acceptor-based solar cells by probing the long-range charge carrier diffusion and drift lengths
JF  - Advanced energy materials
N2  - Organic solar cells (OSC) nowadays match their inorganic competitors in terms of current production but lag behind with regards to their open-circuit voltage loss and fill-factor, with state-of-the-art OSCs rarely displaying fill-factor of 80% and above. The fill-factor of transport-limited solar cells, including organic photovoltaic devices, is affected by material and device-specific parameters, whose combination is represented in terms of the established figures of merit, such as theta and alpha. Herein, it is demonstrated that these figures of merit are closely related to the long-range carrier drift and diffusion lengths. Further, a simple approach is presented to devise these characteristic lengths using steady-state photoconductance measurements. This yields a straightforward way of determining theta and alpha in complete cells and under operating conditions. This approach is applied to a variety of photovoltaic devices-including the high efficiency nonfullerene acceptor blends-and show that the diffusion length of the free carriers provides a good correlation with the fill-factor. It is, finally, concluded that most state-of-the-art organic solar cells exhibit a sufficiently large drift length to guarantee efficient charge extraction at short circuit, but that they still suffer from too small diffusion lengths of photogenerated carriers limiting their fill factor.
KW  - diffusion length
KW  - drift length
KW  - figure of merit
KW  - lifetime‐ mobility product
KW  - steady‐ state photoconductance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202100804
SN  - 1614-6840
VL  - 11
IS  - 22
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Junga, Yvonne Marie
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Hahn, Daniela
A1  - Brucker, Katharina
A1  - Witthöft, Michael
T1  - Effects of competence feedback on therapist competence and patient outcome
BT  - a randomized controlled trial
JF  - Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
N2  - Objective:
Therapist competence is considered essential for the success of psychotherapy. Feedback is an intervention which has the potential to improve therapist competence. The present study investigated whether competence feedback leads to an improvement of therapist competence and patient outcome.

Method:
Sixty-seven master-level clinical trainees were randomly assigned to either a competence feedback group (CFG) or a control group (CG). Patients with a diagnosis of major depression (N = 114) were randomly assigned to CFG or CG. Treatment included 20 individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In CFG, therapists received, parallel to the treatment, five competence feedbacks, based on videotaped therapy sessions. Independent raters assessed therapist competence with the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS) and provided the competence feedback. Patient outcome was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire [HAQ]) from both therapist's (HAQ-T) and patient's (HAQ-P) perspective were evaluated after each of the 20 sessions.

Results:
(a) Therapist competence (CTS) increased significantly more for CFG than CG. (b) Depression (BDI-II) decreased significantly across sessions for both groups, but without evidence for a group-differential benefit for the CFG. (c) Therapeutic alliance (HAQ-T/P) increased significantly across sessions for both groups from both perspectives, but without group differences. (d) There is a positive effect of BDI-II on CTS at the beginning and a negative effect of CTS on BDI-II at the end of therapy.

Conclusion:
Competence feedback improves therapists' independently rated competence, but there is no evidence that competence feedback in CBT leads to better outcome. 
What is the public health significance of this article? This study suggests the substantial value of systematic competence feedback for improving therapist competence in the psychotherapy of depression. No significant effect of competence feedback on the reduction of reported depressive symptoms was found.
KW  - feedback
KW  - outcome
KW  - major depression
KW  - therapeutic alliance
KW  - therapeutic
KW  - competencies
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000686
SN  - 0022-006X
SN  - 1939-2117
VL  - 89
IS  - 11
SP  - 885
EP  - 897
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Arnrich, Bert
T1  - Federated learning in a medical context
BT  - a systematic literature review
JF  - ACM transactions on internet technology : TOIT / Association for Computing
N2  - Data privacy is a very important issue. Especially in fields like medicine, it is paramount to abide by the existing privacy regulations to preserve patients' anonymity. However, data is required for research and training machine learning models that could help gain insight into complex correlations or personalised treatments that may otherwise stay undiscovered. Those models generally scale with the amount of data available, but the current situation often prohibits building large databases across sites. So it would be beneficial to be able to combine similar or related data from different sites all over the world while still preserving data privacy. Federated learning has been proposed as a solution for this, because it relies on the sharing of machine learning models, instead of the raw data itself. That means private data never leaves the site or device it was collected on. Federated learning is an emerging research area, and many domains have been identified for the application of those methods. This systematic literature review provides an extensive look at the concept of and research into federated learning and its applicability for confidential healthcare datasets.
KW  - Federated learning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3412357
SN  - 1533-5399
SN  - 1557-6051
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 31
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Sequential data assimilation of the stochastic SEIR epidemic model for regional COVID-19 dynamics
JF  - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology
N2  - Newly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.
KW  - Stochastic epidemic model
KW  - Sequential data assimilation
KW  - Ensemble Kalman
KW  - filter
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-020-00834-8
SN  - 0092-8240
SN  - 1522-9602
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heldt, Eugenia C.
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Orchestrating private investors for development
BT  - how the World Bank revitalizes
JF  - Regulation & governance
N2  - Confronted with a new wave of criticism on the in effectiveness of its development programs, the World Bank embarked on a revitalization process, turning to private investors to finance International Development Association projects and widening its mandate. To explain these adaptation strategies of the World Bank to regain relevance, this piece draws on organizational ecology and orchestration scholarship. We contend that international organizations rely on two adaptation mechanisms, orchestration and scope expansion, when they lose their role as focal actors in an issue area. We find that the World Bank has indeed lost market share and has relied on these two mechanisms to revitalize itself. We show that the World Bank responded to changes in the environment by orchestrating a private sector-oriented capital increase, prioritizing private funding for development through a “cascade approach,” and expanding the scope of its mandate into adjacent domains of transnational governance, including climate change and global health.
KW  - development
KW  - orchestration
KW  - organizational ecology
KW  - private investors
KW  - World Bank
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12432
SN  - 1748-5983
SN  - 1748-5991
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 1382
EP  - 1398
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Xie, Chao
A1  - Jia, Tianye
A1  - Rolls, Edmund T.
A1  - Robbins, Trevor W.
A1  - Sahakian, Barbara J.
A1  - Zhang, Jie
A1  - Liu, Zhaowen
A1  - Cheng, Wei
A1  - Luo, Qiang
A1  - Zac Lo, Chun-Yi
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Feng, Jianfeng
A1  - Wang, He
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Barker, Gareth J.
A1  - Bokde, Arun L.W.
A1  - Büchel, Christian
A1  - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1  - Desrivières, Sylvane
A1  - Flor, Herta
A1  - Grigis, Antoine
A1  - Garavan, Hugh
A1  - Gowland, Penny
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Ittermann, Bernd
A1  - Martinot, Jean-Luc
A1  - Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure
A1  - Nees, Frauke
A1  - Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri
A1  - Paus, Tomáš
A1  - Poustka, Luise
A1  - Fröhner, Juliane H.
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Whelan, Robert
T1  - Reward versus nonreward sensitivity of the medial versus lateral orbitofrontal cortex relates to the severity of depressive symptoms
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms.

METHODS: Activations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14.

RESULTS: The medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003).

CONCLUSIONS: Activations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 860 
KW  - adolescents
KW  - depression
KW  - monetary incentive delay task
KW  - nonreward sensitivity
KW  - orbitofrontal cortex
KW  - reward anticipation
KW  - reward sensitivity
KW  - ventral striatum
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557882
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Age and sex effects in physical fitness components of 108,295 third graders including 515 primary schools and 9 cohorts
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Children’s physical fitness development and related moderating effects of age and sex are well documented, especially boys’ and girls’ divergence during puberty. The situation might be different during prepuberty. As girls mature approximately two years earlier than boys, we tested a possible convergence of performance with five tests representing four components of physical fitness in a large sample of 108,295 eight-year old third-graders. Within this single prepubertal year of life and irrespective of the test, performance increased linearly with chronological age, and boys outperformed girls to a larger extent in tests requiring muscle mass for successful performance. Tests differed in the magnitude of age effects (gains), but there was no evidence for an interaction between age and sex. Moreover, “physical fitness” of schools correlated at r = 0.48 with their age effect which might imply that "fit schools” promote larger gains; expected secular trends from 2011 to 2019 were replicated.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97000-4
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Nature Portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van der Beek, Pieter A.
T1  - Stressed rocks cause big landslides
JF  - Nature geoscience
N2  - Near-surface stress patterns, influenced by topography, control the size and location of the largest landslides - but not necessarily smaller ones - according to a study of mountains at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau.
KW  - relief
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00748-7
SN  - 1752-0894
SN  - 1752-0908
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SP  - 261
EP  - 262
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Köhnen, Eike
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Xu, Ke
A1  - Grischek, Max
A1  - Wagner, Philipp
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Korte, Lars
A1  - Albrecht, Steve
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
T1  - Revealing fundamental efficiency limits of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics through subcell characterization
JF  - ACS Energy Letters
N2  - Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics (PVs) promise to accelerate the decarbonization of our energy systems. Here, we present a thorough subcell diagnosis methodology to reveal deep insights into the practical efficiency limitations of state-of-the-art perovskite/silicon tandem PVs. Our subcell selective intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and injection-dependent electroluminescence (EL) measurements allow independent assessment of pseudo-V-OC and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for both subcells. We reveal identical metrics from PL and EL, which implies well-aligned energy levels throughout the entire cell. Relatively large ideality factors and insufficient charge extraction, however, cause each a fill factor penalty of about 6% (absolute). Using partial device stacks, we then identify significant losses in standard perovskite subcells due to bulk and interfacial recombination. Lastly, we present strategies to minimize these losses using triple halide (CsFAPb(IBrCI)(3)) based perovskites. Our results give helpful feedback for device development and lay the foundation toward advanced perovskite/silicon tandem PVs capable of exceeding 33% PCE.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01783
SN  - 2380-8195
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
SP  - 3982
EP  - 3991
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zu, Fengshuo
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Li, Jinzhao
A1  - Shin, Dongguen
A1  - Unger, Eva
A1  - Koch, Norbert
T1  - Photoinduced energy-level realignment at interfaces between organic semiconductors and metal-halide perovskites
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - In contrast to the common conception that the interfacial energy-level alignment is affixed once the interface is formed, we demonstrate that heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and metal-halide perovskites exhibit huge energy-level realignment during photoexcitation. Importantly, the photoinduced level shifts occur in the organic component, including the first molecular layer in direct contact with the perovskite. This is caused by charge-carrier accumulation within the organic semiconductor under illumination and the weak electronic coupling between the junction components.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.246401
SN  - 0031-9007
SN  - 1079-7114
VL  - 127
IS  - 24
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Janocha, Julian
A1  - Smyrak-Sikora, Aleksandra
A1  - Senger, Kim
A1  - Birchall, Thomas
T1  - Seeing beyond the outcrop
BT  - integration of ground-penetrating radar with digital outcrop models of a paleokarst system
JF  - Marine and petroleum geology
N2  - Paleokarst breccias are a common feature of sedimentary rift basins. The Billefjorden Trough in the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is an example of such a rift. Here the Carboniferous stratigraphy exhibits intervals of paleokarst breccias formed by gypsum dissolution. In this study we integrate digital outcrop models (DOMs) with a 2D ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey to extrapolate external irregular paleokarst geometries beyond the 2D outcrops. DOMs are obtained through combining a series of overlapping photographs with structure-frommotion photogrammetry, to create mmto dm-resolution georeferenced DOMs. GPR is typically used for surveying the shallow subsurface and relies on detecting the contrasts in electro-magnetic permittivity. We defined three geophysical facies based on their appearance in GPR. By integrating subsurface geophysical data with DOMs we were able to correlate reflection patterns in GPR with outcrop features. The chaotic nature of paleokarst breccias is seen both in outcrop and GPR. Key horizons in outcrop and the GPR profiles allow tying together observations between these methods. Furthermore, we show that this technique expands the twodimensional outcrop surface into a three-dimensional domain, thus complementing, strengthening and extending outcrop interpretations.
KW  - Digital geology
KW  - Svalbard
KW  - Billefjorden trough
KW  - Upper Paleozoic
KW  - Fortet member
KW  - Dissolution collapse breccia
KW  - Syn-rift breccia
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104833
SN  - 0264-8172
SN  - 1873-4073
VL  - 125
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ghani, Humaad
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Zeilinger, Gerold
A1  - Glodny, Johannes
A1  - Irum, Irum
A1  - Sajid, Muhammad
T1  - Spatio-temporal structural evolution of the Kohat fold and thrust belt of Pakistan
JF  - Journal of structural geology
N2  - The Kohat fold and thrust belt in Pakistan shows a significantly different structural style due to the structural evolution on the double décollement  compared to the rest of the Subhimalaya. In order to better understand the spatio-temporal structural evolution of the Kohat fold and thrust belt, we combine balanced cross sections with apatite (U?Th-Sm)/He (AHe) and apatite fission track (AFT) dating. The AHe and AFT ages appear to be totally reset, allowing us to date exhumation above structural ramps. The results suggest that deformation began on the frontal Surghar thrust at-15 Ma, predating or coeval with the development of the Main Boundary thrust at-12 Ma. Deformation propagated southward from the Main Boundary thrust on double de?collements between 10 Ma and 2 Ma, resulting in a disharmonic structural style inside the Kohat fold and thrust belt. Thermal modeling of the thermochronologic data suggest that samples inside Kohat fold and thrust belt experienced cooling due to formation of the duplexes; this deformation facilitated tectonic thickening of the wedge and erosion of the Miocene to Pliocene foreland strata. The spatial distribution of AHe and AFT ages in combination with the structural forward model suggest that, in the Kohat fold and thrust belt, the wedge deformed in-sequence as a supercritical wedge (-15-12 Ma), then readjusted by out-sequence deformation (-12-0 Ma) within the Kohat fold and thrust belt into a sub-critical wedge.
KW  - Balanced cross section
KW  - Fold and thrust belt
KW  - Duplex
KW  - Exhumation
KW  - Décollement
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104310
SN  - 0191-8141
SN  - 1873-1201
VL  - 145
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonnet, Philippe
A1  - Dong, Xin Luna
A1  - Naumann, Felix
A1  - Tözün, Pınar
T1  - VLDB 2021
BT  - Designing a hybrid conference
JF  - SIGMOD record
N2  - The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3516431.3516447
SN  - 0163-5808
SN  - 1943-5835
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Rössle, Matthias
A1  - Leitenberger, Wolfram
A1  - Schwarzkopf, Jutta
A1  - Boschker, Jos
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Reciprocal space slicing
BT  - a time-efficient approach to femtosecond x-ray diffraction
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - An experimental technique that allows faster assessment of out-of-plane strain dynamics of thin film heterostructures via x-ray diffraction is presented. In contrast to conventional high-speed reciprocal space-mapping setups, our approach reduces the measurement time drastically due to a fixed measurement geometry with a position-sensitive detector. This means that neither the incident (ω) nor the exit (2θ) diffraction angle is scanned during the strain assessment via x-ray diffraction. Shifts of diffraction peaks on the fixed x-ray area detector originate from an out-of-plane strain within the sample. Quantitative strain assessment requires the determination of a factor relating the observed shift to the change in the reciprocal lattice vector. The factor depends only on the widths of the peak along certain directions in reciprocal space, the diffraction angle of the studied reflection, and the resolution of the instrumental setup. We provide a full theoretical explanation and exemplify the concept with picosecond strain dynamics of a thin layer of NbO2.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1137 
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-499761
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1137
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zeuschner, Steffen Peer
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Rössle, Matthias
A1  - Leitenberger, Wolfram
A1  - Schwarzkopf, Jutta
A1  - Boschker, Jos
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Reciprocal space slicing
BT  - a time-efficient approach to femtosecond x-ray diffraction
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - An experimental technique that allows faster assessment of out-of-plane strain dynamics of thin film heterostructures via x-ray diffraction is presented. In contrast to conventional high-speed reciprocal space-mapping setups, our approach reduces the measurement time drastically due to a fixed measurement geometry with a position-sensitive detector. This means that neither the incident (ω) nor the exit (2θ) diffraction angle is scanned during the strain assessment via x-ray diffraction. Shifts of diffraction peaks on the fixed x-ray area detector originate from an out-of-plane strain within the sample. Quantitative strain assessment requires the determination of a factor relating the observed shift to the change in the reciprocal lattice vector. The factor depends only on the widths of the peak along certain directions in reciprocal space, the diffraction angle of the studied reflection, and the resolution of the instrumental setup. We provide a full theoretical explanation and exemplify the concept with picosecond strain dynamics of a thin layer of NbO2.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000040
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - AIP Publishing LLC
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Saskia M.
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Bilz, Ludwig
T1  - Teachers’ empathy and likelihood of intervention in hypothetical relational and retrospectively reported bullying situations
JF  - European journal of developmental psychology
N2  - Prior research suggests that teachers with higher levels of empathy are more willing to intervene in bullying among students. However, these findings are based on hypothetical bullying situations and teachers' self-reports. In this study with 2,071 German students and their 556 teachers, we analysed reactions to hypothetical relational bullying situations as well as retrospectively reported bullying situations both from the teachers' as well as the students' perspectives. Results showed that teachers with higher levels of empathy reported stronger intentions to intervene in hypothetical relational bullying situations but were not more likely to intervene in retrospectively reported bullying situations. From the students' perspective, teachers' empathy was neither connected to the teachers' intention to intervene nor to the likelihood of intervention in the retrospectively reported situations. These different results could be taken as an opportunity to investigate whether existing findings could be influenced by methodological aspects such as teachers' self-reports. Implications for future research are discussed.
KW  - Bullying
KW  - empathy
KW  - teacher
KW  - likelihood of intervention
KW  - school
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1869538
SN  - 1740-5629
SN  - 1740-5610
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
SP  - 896
EP  - 911
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Abujarour, Safa’a
A1  - Köster, Antonia
A1  - Krasnova, Hanna
A1  - Wiesche, Manuel
T1  - Technology as a source of power
BT  - Exploring how ICT use contributes to the social inclusion of refugees in Germany
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Since the beginning of the recent global refugee crisis, researchers have been tackling many of its associated aspects, investigating how we can help to alleviate this crisis, in particular, using ICTs capabilities. In our research, we investigated the use of ICT solutions by refugees to foster the social inclusion process in the host community. To tackle this topic, we conducted thirteen interviews with Syrian refugees in Germany. Our findings reveal different ICT usages by refugees and how these contribute to feeling empowered. Moreover, we show the sources of empowerment for refugees that are gained by ICT use. Finally, we identified the two types of social inclusion benefits that were derived from empowerment sources. Our results provide practical implications to different stakeholders and decision-makers on how ICT usage can empower refugees, which can foster the social inclusion of refugees, and what should be considered to support them in their integration effort.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 190 
KW  - culture, identity, and inclusion
KW  - empowerment
KW  - ict
KW  - refugees
KW  - social inclusion
KW  - technology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607491
SN  - 1867-5808
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risch, Lucie
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Cassel, Michael
T1  - Doppler flow response following running exercise differs between healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Background: The relationship between exercise-induced intratendinous blood flow (IBF) and tendon pathology or training exposure is unclear.

Objective: This study investigates the acute effect of running exercise on sonographic detectable IBF in healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons (ATs) of runners and recreational participants.

Methods: 48 participants (43 ± 13 years, 176 ± 9 cm, 75 ± 11 kg) performed a standardized submaximal 30-min constant load treadmill run with Doppler ultrasound “Advanced dynamic flow” examinations before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) afterward. Included were runners (>30 km/week) and recreational participants (<10 km/week) with healthy (Hrun, n = 10; Hrec, n = 15) or tendinopathic (Trun, n = 13; Trec, n = 10) ATs. IBF was assessed by counting number [n] of intratendinous vessels. IBF data are presented descriptively (%, median [minimum to maximum range] for baseline-IBF and IBF-difference post-exercise). Statistical differences for group and time point IBF and IBF changes were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results: At baseline, IBF was detected in 40% (3 [1–6]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [1–5]) of Hrec, in 85% (3 [1–25]) of Trun, and 70% (10 [2–30]) of Trec. At U5 IBF responded to exercise in 30% (3 [−1–9]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [−2–6]) of Hrec, in 70% (4 [−10–10]) of Trun, and in 80% (5 [1–10]) of Trec. While IBF in 80% of healthy responding ATs returned to baseline at U30, IBF remained elevated until U120 in 60% of tendinopathic ATs. Within groups, IBF changes from Upre-U120 were significant for Hrec (p < 0.01), Trun (p = 0.05), and Trec (p < 0.01). Between groups, IBF changes in consecutive examinations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) but IBF-level was significantly higher at all measurement time points in tendinopathic versus healthy ATs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Irrespective of training status and tendon pathology, running leads to an immediate increase of IBF in responding tendons. This increase occurs shortly in healthy and prolonged in tendinopathic ATs. Training exposure does not alter IBF occurrence, but IBF level is elevated in tendon pathology. While an immediate exercise-induced IBF increase is a physiological response, prolonged IBF is considered a pathological finding associated with Achilles tendinopathy.
KW  - neovascularization
KW  - tendinopathy
KW  - Doppler ultrasound
KW  - Advanced Dynamic Flow
KW  - athlete
KW  - sonography
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.650507
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - Dative or coordinative carbon-boron bond in boron trapped N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs)?
BT  - an answer given on the magnetic criterion
JF  - Tetrahedron : the international journal for the rapid publication of full original research papers and critical reviews in organic chemistry
N2  - The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS), of isolated as well as B-C bond length varied model compounds (BR3 trapped NHCs) have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and the results visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. The TSNMRS values (actually the anisotropy effects measurable in H-1 NMR spectroscopy) are employed to qualify and quantify the present dative vs. coordinative bond character of the boron-carbon bond in the trapped NHCs. Results are confirmed by bond lengths and B-11/C-13 chemical shift variations in the BR3 trapped NHCs.
KW  - NHCs
KW  - Dative vs. coordinative NHC -> BR3 bond
KW  - Through-space NMR
KW  - shieldings (TSNMRS)
KW  - NICS
KW  - Anisotropy effect
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2020.131787
SN  - 0040-4020
SN  - 1464-5416
VL  - 80
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lin, Chiao-I
A1  - Khajooei, Mina
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Nair, Alexandra
A1  - Heikkila, Mika
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - The effect of chronic ankle instability on muscle activations in lower extremities
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - Background/Purpose

Muscular reflex responses of the lower extremities to sudden gait disturbances are related to postural stability and injury risk. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown to affect activities related to the distal leg muscles while walking. Its effects on proximal muscle activities of the leg, both for the injured- (IN) and uninjured-side (NON), remain unclear. Therefore, the aim was to compare the difference of the motor control strategy in ipsilateral and contralateral proximal joints while unperturbed walking and perturbed walking between individuals with CAI and matched controls.
Materials and methods

In a cross-sectional study, 13 participants with unilateral CAI and 13 controls (CON) walked on a split-belt treadmill with and without random left- and right-sided perturbations. EMG amplitudes of muscles at lower extremities were analyzed 200 ms after perturbations, 200 ms before, and 100 ms after (Post100) heel contact while walking. Onset latencies were analyzed at heel contacts and after perturbations. Statistical significance was set at alpha≤0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were applied to determine group differences. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the extent of differences.
Results

Participants with CAI showed increased EMG amplitudes for NON-rectus abdominus at Post100 and shorter latencies for IN-gluteus maximus after heel contact compared to CON (p<0.05). Overall, leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius) activated earlier and less bilaterally (d = 0.30–0.88) and trunk muscles (bilateral rectus abdominus and NON-erector spinae) activated earlier and more for the CAI group than CON group (d = 0.33–1.09).
Conclusion

Unilateral CAI alters the pattern of the motor control strategy around proximal joints bilaterally. Neuromuscular training for the muscles, which alters motor control strategy because of CAI, could be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation for CAI.
KW  - Ankles
KW  - Walking
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - Hip
KW  - Skeletal joints
KW  - Knees
KW  - Legs
KW  - Musculoskeletal injury
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247581
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Aglaja
A1  - Blasimann, Angela
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Baur, Heiner
T1  - Alterations in sensorimotor function after ACL reconstruction during active joint position sense testing. A systematic review
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Background
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture can lead to impaired knee function. Reconstruction decreases the mechanical instability but might not have an impact on sensorimotor alterations.

Objective
Evaluation of the sensorimotor function measured with the active joint position sense (JPS) test in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed patients compared to the contralateral side and a healthy control group.

Methods
The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from origin until April 2020. Studies published in English, German, French, Spanish or Italian language were included. Evaluation of the sensorimotor performance was restricted to the active joint position sense test in ACL reconstructed participants or healthy controls. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data was descriptively synthesized.

Results
Ten studies were included after application of the selective criteria. Higher angular deviation, reaching significant difference (p < 0.001) in one study, was shown up to three months after surgery in the affected limb. Six months post-operative significantly less error (p < 0.01) was found in the reconstructed leg compared to the contralateral side and healthy controls. One or more years after ACL reconstruction significant differences were inconsistent along the studies.

Conclusions
Altered sensorimotor function was present after ACL reconstruction. Due to inconsistencies and small magnitudes, clinical relevance might be questionable. JPS testing can be performed in acute injured persons and prospective studies could enhance knowledge of sensorimotor function throughout the rehabilitative processes.
KW  - Body limbs
KW  - Knees
KW  - Sensory perception
KW  - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
KW  - Legs
KW  - Tendons
KW  - Surgical and invasive medical procedures
KW  - Systematic reviews
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253503
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schomöller, Anne
A1  - Risch, Lucie
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Sonnenburg, Dominik
A1  - Huppertz, Alexander
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Inter-rater and inter-session reliability of lumbar paraspinal muscle composition in a mobile MRI device
JF  - BJR : an international journal of radiology, radiation oncology and all related sciences / British Institute of Radiology
N2  - Objective: To assess the reliability of measurements of paraspinal muscle transverse relaxation times (T2 times) between two observers and within one observer on different time points. <br /> Methods: 14 participants (9f/5m, 33 +/- 5 years, 176 +/- 10 cm, 73 +/- 12 kg) underwent 2 consecutive MRI scans (M1,M2) on the same day, followed by 1 MRI scan 13-14 days later (M3) in a mobile 1.5 Tesla MRI. T2 times were calculated in T-2 weighted turbo spin- echo-sequences at the spinal level of the third lumbar vertebrae (11 slices, 2 mm slice thickness, 1 mm interslice gap, echo times: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ms) for M. erector spinae (ES) and M. multifidius (MF). The following reliability parameter were calculated for the agreement of T2 times between two different investigators (OBS1 & OBS2) on the same MRI (inter rater reliability, IR) and by one investigator between different MRI of the same participant (intersession variability, IS): Test-Retest Variability (TRV, Differences/Mean*100); Coefficient of Variation (CV, Standard deviation/Mean*100); Bland-Altman Analysis (systematic bias = Mean of the Differences; Upper/Lower Limits of Agreement = Bias+/-1.96*SD); Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 3.1 (ICC) with absolute agreement, as well as its 95% confidence interval. <br /> Results: Mean TRV for IR was 2.6% for ES and 4.2% for MF. Mean TRV for IS was 3.5% (ES) and 5.1% (MF). Mean CV for IR was 1.9 (ES) and 3.0 (MF). Mean CV for IS was 2.5% (ES) and 3.6% (MF). A systematic bias of 1.3 ms (ES) and 2.1 ms (MF) were detected for IR and a systematic bias of 0.4 ms (ES) and 0.07 ms (MF) for IS. ICC for IR was 0.94 (ES) and 0.87 (MF). ICC for IS was 0.88 (ES) and 0.82 (MF). <br /> Conclusion: Reliable assessment of paraspinal muscle T2 time justifies its use for scientific purposes. The applied technique could be recommended to use for future studies that aim to assess changes of T2 times, e.g. after an intense bout of eccentric exercises.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20210141
SN  - 0007-1285
SN  - 1748-880X
VL  - 94
IS  - 1127
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Bognor Regis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - Quantification of sigma-acceptor and pi-donor stabilization in O, S and Hal analogues of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on the magnetic criterion
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment & general theory
N2  - The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRSs), of stable O, S and Hal analogues of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and the results visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSSs) of various sizes and directions. The TSNMRS values (actually the anisotropy effects measurable in H-1 NMR spectroscopy) are employed to qualify and quantify the position of the present mesomeric equilibria (carbenes <-> ylides). The results are confirmed by geometry (bond angles and bond lengths), IR spectra, UV spectra, and C-13 chemical shifts of the electron-deficient carbon centers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05257
SN  - 1089-5639
SN  - 1520-5215
VL  - 125
IS  - 33
SP  - 7235
EP  - 7245
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kürschner, Tobias
A1  - Scherer, Cédric
A1  - Radchuk, Viktoriia
A1  - Blaum, Niels
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
T1  - Movement can mediate temporal mismatches between resource availability and biological events in host-pathogen interactions
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Global change is shifting the timing of biological events, leading to temporal mismatches between biological events and resource availability. These temporal mismatches can threaten species' populations. Importantly, temporal mismatches not only exert strong pressures on the population dynamics of the focal species, but can also lead to substantial changes in pairwise species interactions such as host-pathogen systems. We adapted an established individual-based model of host-pathogen dynamics. The model describes a viral agent in a social host, while accounting for the host's explicit movement decisions. We aimed to investigate how temporal mismatches between seasonal resource availability and host life-history events affect host-pathogen coexistence, that is, disease persistence. Seasonal resource fluctuations only increased coexistence probability when in synchrony with the hosts' biological events. However, a temporal mismatch reduced host-pathogen coexistence, but only marginally. In tandem with an increasing temporal mismatch, our model showed a shift in the spatial distribution of infected hosts. It shifted from an even distribution under synchronous conditions toward the formation of disease hotspots, when host life history and resource availability mismatched completely. The spatial restriction of infected hosts to small hotspots in the landscape initially suggested a lower coexistence probability due to the critical loss of susceptible host individuals within those hotspots. However, the surrounding landscape facilitated demographic rescue through habitat-dependent movement. Our work demonstrates that the negative effects of temporal mismatches between host resource availability and host life history on host-pathogen coexistence can be reduced through the formation of temporary disease hotspots and host movement decisions, with implications for disease management under disturbances and global change.
KW  - classical swine fever
KW  - dynamic landscapes
KW  - global change
KW  - host– pathogen dynamics
KW  - individual‐ based model
KW  - movement ecology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7478
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
SP  - 5728
EP  - 5741
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Shainyan, Bagrat A.
T1  - At the experimental limit of the NMR conformational analysis
BT  - Si-29 and C-13 NMR study of the conformational equilibrium of 1-phenyl-1-tert-butylsilacyclohexane
JF  - Organic letters
N2  - The low temperature (95 K) NMR study of 1-Ph-1-t-Bu-silacyclohexane (1) showed the conformational equilibrium to be extremely one-sided toward thePh(ax),t-Bueq conformer. The barrier to interconversion has been measured (4.2-4.6 kcal/mol) and the conformational equilibrium [Delta nu = 1990.64 ppm (Si-29), 618.9 ppm (C-13), 1-Ph-ax:1-Pheq = (95.6-96.6%):(3.4-4.4%), K = 25 +/- 3, Delta G degrees = -RT ln K = 0.58-0.63 kcal/mol] analyzed. The assignment and quantification of the NMR signals is supported by MP2 and DFT calculations.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03878
SN  - 1523-7060
SN  - 1523-7052
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 405
EP  - 409
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
A1  - Bollmann, J
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Sánchez, Alba Cristina
A1  - Abdulla, K
T1  - Validation of the German version of the work and social adjustment scale in a sample of depressed patients
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background
Depression is one of the key factors contributing to difficulties in one’s ability to work, and serves as one of the major reasons why employees apply for psychotherapy and receive insurance subsidization of treatments. Hence, an increasing and growing number of studies rely on workability assessment scales as their primary outcome measure. The Work and Social Assessment Scale (WSAS) has been documented as one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tools especially developed to assess workability and social functioning in patients with mental health problems. Yet, the application of the WSAS in Germany has been limited due to the paucity of a valid questionnaire in the German language. The objective of the present study was to translate the WSAS, as a brief and easy administrable tool into German and test its psychometric properties in a sample of adults with depression.

Methods
Two hundred seventy-seven patients (M = 48.3 years, SD = 11.1) with mild to moderately severe depression were recruited. A multistep translation from English into the German language was performed and the factorial validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were examined.

Results
The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one-factor structure of the WSAS. Significant correlations with the WHODAS 2–0 questionnaire, a measure of functionality, demonstrated good convergent validity. Significant correlations with depression and quality of life demonstrated good criterion validity. The WSAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .89), and the absence of floor and ceiling effects indicated good sensitivity of the instrument.

Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrated that the German version of the WSAS has good psychometric properties comparable to other international versions of this scale. The findings recommend a global assessment of psychosocial functioning with the sum score of the WSAS.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 756 
KW  - Workability
KW  - Social functioning
KW  - Depression
KW  - Psychometric evaluation
KW  - Translation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-547810
SN  - 1866-8364
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1  - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1  - Zech, Philipp
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
T1  - Recreational Exercising and Self-Reported Cardiometabolic Diseases in German People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 768 
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise
KW  - cardiovascular diseases
KW  - metabolic disease
KW  - sedentary
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-552049
SN  - 1866-8364
VL  - 18
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ET  - 21
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Abujarour, Safa’a
A1  - Köster, Antonia
A1  - Krasnova, Hanna
A1  - Wiesche, Manuel
T1  - Technology as a source of power
BT  - Exploring how ICT use contributes to the social inclusion of refugees in Germany
T2  - Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
N2  - Since the beginning of the recent global refugee crisis, researchers have been tackling many of its associated aspects, investigating how we can help to alleviate this crisis, in particular, using ICTs capabilities. In our research, we investigated the use of ICT solutions by refugees to foster the social inclusion process in the host community. To tackle this topic, we conducted thirteen interviews with Syrian refugees in Germany. Our findings reveal different ICT usages by refugees and how these contribute to feeling empowered. Moreover, we show the sources of empowerment for refugees that are gained by ICT use. Finally, we identified the two types of social inclusion benefits that were derived from empowerment sources. Our results provide practical implications to different stakeholders and decision-makers on how ICT usage can empower refugees, which can foster the social inclusion of refugees, and what should be considered to support them in their integration effort.
KW  - culture, identity, and inclusion
KW  - empowerment
KW  - ict
KW  - refugees
KW  - social inclusion
KW  - technology
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/10125/70936
SN  - 978-0-9981331-4-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.322
SN  - 2572-6862
SP  - 2637
EP  - 2646
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Landis, Daji August
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian
T1  - Reconstruction of the radiation belts for solar cycles 17-24 (1933-2017)
JF  - Space weather : the international journal of research and applications
N2  - We present a reconstruction of the dynamics of the radiation belts from solar cycles 17 to 24 which allows us to study how radiation belt activity has varied between the different solar cycles. The radiation belt simulations are produced using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB)-3D code. The VERB-3D code simulations incorporate radial, energy, and pitch angle diffusion to reproduce the radiation belts. Our simulations use the historical measurements of Kp (available since solar cycle 17, i.e., 1933) to model the evolution radiation belt dynamics between L* = 1-6.6. A nonlinear auto regressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network was trained off GOES 15 measurements (January 2011-March 2014) and used to supply the upper boundary condition (L* = 6.6) over the course of solar cycles 17-24 (i.e., 1933-2017). Comparison of the model with long term observations of the Van Allen Probes and CRRES demonstrates that our model, driven by the NARX boundary, can reconstruct the general evolution of the radiation belt fluxes. Solar cycle 24 (January 2008-2017) has been the least active of the considered solar cycles which resulted in unusually low electron fluxes. Our results show that solar cycle 24 should not be used as a representative solar cycle for developing long term environment models. The developed reconstruction of fluxes can be used to develop or improve empirical models of the radiation belts.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002524
SN  - 1542-7390
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study: the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS.

Methods
In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis.

Discussion
The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 759 
KW  - Metabolic syndrome
KW  - Mobile diagnostics
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Rural health
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549506
SN  - 1866-8364
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian
T1  - Understanding the dynamics of radiation belt electrons by means of data assimilation
T1  - Verständnis der Dynamik von Strahlungsgürtel-Elektronen durch Datenassimilation
N2  - The Earth's electron radiation belts exhibit a two-zone structure, with the outer belt being highly dynamic due to the constant competition between a number of physical processes, including acceleration, loss, and transport. The flux of electrons in the outer belt can vary over several orders of magnitude, reaching levels that may disrupt satellite operations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that drive these variations is of high interest to the scientific community. 
In particular, the important role played by loss mechanisms in controlling relativistic electron dynamics has become increasingly clear in recent years. It is now widely accepted that radiation belt electrons can be lost either by precipitation into the atmosphere or by transport across the magnetopause, called magnetopause shadowing. Precipitation of electrons occurs due to pitch-angle scattering by resonant interaction with various types of waves, including whistler mode chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. In addition, the compression of the magnetopause due to increases in solar wind dynamic pressure can substantially deplete electrons at high L shells where they find themselves in open drift paths, whereas electrons at low L shells can be lost through outward radial diffusion. Nevertheless, the role played by each physical process during electron flux dropouts still remains a fundamental puzzle.
Differentiation between these processes and quantification of their relative contributions to the evolution of radiation belt electrons requires high-resolution profiles of phase space density (PSD). However, such profiles of PSD are difficult to obtain due to restrictions of spacecraft observations to a single measurement in space and time, which is also compounded by the inaccuracy of instruments. Data assimilation techniques aim to blend incomplete and inaccurate spaceborne data with physics-based models in an optimal way. In the Earth's radiation belts, it is used to reconstruct the entire radial profile of electron PSD, and it has become an increasingly important tool in validating our current understanding of radiation belt dynamics, identifying new physical processes, and predicting the near-Earth hazardous radiation environment. 
In this study, sparse measurements from Van Allen Probes A and B and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 13 and 15 are assimilated into the three-dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB-3D) diffusion model, by means of a split-operator Kalman filter over a four-year period from 01 October 2012 to 01 October 2016. In comparison to previous works, the 3D model accounts for more physical processes, namely mixed pitch angle-energy diffusion, scattering by EMIC waves, and magnetopause shadowing. It is shown how data assimilation, by means of the innovation vector (the residual between observations and model forecast), can be used to account for missing physics in the model. This method is used to identify the radial distances from the Earth and the geomagnetic conditions where the model is inconsistent with the measured PSD for different values of the adiabatic invariants mu and K. As a result, the Kalman filter adjusts the predictions in order to match the observations, and this is interpreted as evidence of where and when additional source or loss processes are active. 
Furthermore, two distinct loss mechanisms responsible for the rapid dropouts of radiation belt electrons are investigated: EMIC wave-induced scattering and magnetopause shadowing. The innovation vector is inspected for values of the invariant mu ranging from 300 to 3000 MeV/G, and a statistical analysis is performed to quantitatively assess the effect of both processes as a function of various geomagnetic indices, solar wind parameters, and radial distance from the Earth. The results of this work are in agreement with previous studies that demonstrated the energy dependence of these two mechanisms. EMIC wave scattering dominates loss at lower L shells and it may amount to between 10%/hr to 30%/hr of the maximum value of PSD over all L shells for fixed first and second adiabatic invariants. On the other hand, magnetopause shadowing is found to deplete electrons across all energies, mostly at higher L shells, resulting in loss from 50%/hr to 70%/hr of the maximum PSD. Nevertheless, during times of enhanced geomagnetic activity, both processes can operate beyond such location and encompass the entire outer radiation belt.
The results of this study are two-fold. Firstly, it demonstrates that the 3D data assimilative code provides a comprehensive picture of the radiation belts and is an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions. Secondly, it achieves a better understanding and provides critical clues of the dominant loss mechanisms responsible for the rapid dropouts of electrons at different locations over the outer radiation belt.
N2  - Die Elektronenstrahlungsgürtel der Erde weisen eine Zwei-Zonen-Struktur auf, wobei der äußere Gürtel aufgrund des ständigen Zusammenspiels zwischen einer Reihe von physikalischen Prozessen, einschließlich Beschleunigung, Verlust und Transport, eine hohe Dynamik aufweist. Der Elektronenfluss im äußeren Gürtel kann über mehrere Größenordnungen variieren und Werte erreichen, die den Satellitenbetrieb stören können. Daher ist das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die diese Variabilität bewirken, von hohem Interesse für die wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft. 
Insbesondere die wichtige Rolle die Verlustmechanismen bei der Kontrolle der relativistischen Elektronendynamik spielen ist in den letzten Jahren immer deutlicher geworden. Es ist inzwischen weithin anerkannt, dass Strahlungsgürtelelektronen entweder durch Interaktion mit der Atmosphäre oder durch Transport über die Magnetopause, das so genannte Magnetopauseshadowing, verloren gehen können. Der Verlust von Elektronen in der Atmosphäre erfolgt aufgrund von Pitchwinkelstreuung durch resonante Wechselwirkung mit verschiedenen Arten von magnetosphärischen Wellen, einschließlich plasmasphärischem Hiss, Whistler-Mode-Chorus, und elektromagnetischen Ionenzyklotron-Wellen (EMIC). Darüber hinaus kann die Komprimierung der Magnetopause aufgrund der Erhöhungen des dynamischen Drucks des Sonnenwindes dazu führen, dass Elektronen an hohen L-Shells, wo sie sich in offenen Driftpfaden befinden, erheblich in ihrer Dichte reduziert werden, während Elektronen an niedrigen L-Shells durch radiale Diffusion nach außen verloren gehen können. Nichtsdestotrotz bleibt die Rolle, die jeder physikalische Prozess bei der schnellen Reduktion des Elektronenflusses spielt, nach wie vor ein grundlegendes Rätsel.
Die Unterscheidung zwischen diesen Prozessen und die Quantifizierung ihrer relativen Beiträge zur Entwicklung der Strahlungsgürtelelektronen erfordert hochauflösende Profile der Phasenraumdichte (PSD). Solche Profile der PSD sind jedoch schwierig zu bestimmen, da die Beobachtungen von Raumfahrzeugen auf eine einzige Messung in Raum und Zeit beschränkt sind, was auch durch die Ungenauigkeit der Instrumente erschwert wird. Datenassimilationstechniken zielen darauf ab, unvollständige und ungenaue raumgestützte Daten mit physikalisch basierten Modellen auf optimale Weise zu kombinieren. In den Strahlungsgürteln der Erde werden sie verwendet, um das gesamte radiale Profil der Elektronen-PSD zu rekonstruieren, und sie sind zu einem immer wichtigeren Werkzeug geworden, um unser derzeitiges Verständnis der Dynamik der Strahlungsgürtel zu validieren, neue physikalische Prozesse zu identifizieren und die erdnahe gefährliche Strahlungsumgebung vorherzusagen. 
In dieser Studie werden Messungen der Van-Allen-Probes A und B und der Geostationary-Operational-Environmental-Satellites (GOES) 13 und 15 mit Hilfe eines Split-Operator-Kalman-Filters über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren vom 01. Oktober 2012 bis zum 01. Oktober 2016 in das dreidimensionale Versatile Electron Radiation Belt-3D-Diffusionsmodell (VERB-3D) integriert. Im Vergleich zu früheren Arbeiten berücksichtigt das 3D-Modell mehr physikalische Prozesse, nämlich gemischte Diffusion, Streuung durch EMIC-Wellen und Magnetopausenverluste. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Datenassimilation mit Hilfe des Innovationsvektors (des Residuums zwischen Beobachtungen und Modellprognose), genutzt werden kann, um fehlende physikalische Prozesse im Modell zu berücksichtigen. Diese Methode wird verwendet, um die radialen Entfernungen von der Erde und die geomagnetischen Bedingungen zu identifizieren, bei denen unser Modell für verschiedene Werte der adiabatischen Invarianten mu und K nicht mit der gemessenen PSD übereinstimmt. Infolgedessen passt der Kalman-Filter die Vorhersagen an die Beobachtungen an, und dies wird als Nachweis dafür interpretiert, wo und wann zusätzliche Quellen- oder Verlustprozesse aktiv sind. 
Darüber hinaus werden zwei unterschiedliche Verlustmechanismen untersucht, die für die schnellen Verluste von Strahlungsgürtelelektronen verantwortlich sind: EMIC-Wellen-induzierte Streuung und Magnetopausenverluste. Der Innovationsvektor wird bei Werten der Invariante mu im Bereich von 300 bis 3000 MeV/G untersucht, und es wird eine statistische Analyse durchgeführt, um die Wirkung beider Prozesse in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen geomagnetischen Indizes, Sonnenwindparametern und der radialen Entfernung von der Erde quantitativ zu bewerten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit stehen in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Studien, die die Energieabhängigkeit dieser beiden Mechanismen nachgewiesen haben. Die EMIC-Wellenstreuung dominiert den Verlust bei niedrigen L-Shells und kann zwi-schen 10%/hr bis 30%/hr des Maximalwertes der PSD über alle L-Shells für feste Werte der ersten und zweiten adiabatische Invarianten betragen. Andererseits wird festgestellt, dass bei den Magnetopausenverlusten über alle Energien hinweg, meist bei höheren L-Shells, Elektronen Verluste zeigen, was zu einer Verstärkung des Verlustes von 50%/hr auf 70%/hr der maximalen PSD führt. Nichtsdestotrotz können beide Prozesse in Zeiten erhöhter geomagnetischer Aktivität über diese L-Shells hinaus wirken und den gesamten äußeren Strahlungsgürtel umfassen.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sind zweifacher Art. Erstens zeigt sie, dass der 3D-Daten-Assimilationscode ein umfassendes Bild der Strahlungsgürtel liefert und ein wichtiger Schritt zur Durchführung einer Reanalyse unter Verwendung von Beobachtungen aus aktuellen und zukünftigen Missionen ist. Zweitens erreicht er ein besseres Verständnis und liefert entscheidende Hinweise auf die vorherrschenden Verlustmechanismen, die für die schnellen Verluste von Elektronen an verschiedenen Orten im äußeren Strahlungsgürtel verantwortlich sind.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - Strahlungsgürtel
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - Datenassimilation
KW  - phase space density
KW  - Phasenraumdichte
KW  - magnetospheric waves
KW  - magnetosphärischen Wellen
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - Kalman-Filter
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519827
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Mattern, Maximilian
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Laskin, G.
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1144 
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
KW  - Bragg peak
KW  - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW  - Thermal effects
KW  - Phonons
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Lattice dynamics
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Perovskites
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515718
SN  - 1866-8372
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Reppert, Alexander von
T1  - Magnetic strain contributions in laser-excited metals studied by time-resolved X-ray diffraction
T1  - Untersuchung magnetischer Beiträge zur Ausdehnung laserangeregter Metalle mittels zeitaufgelöster Röntgenbeugungsexperimente
N2  - In this work I explore the impact of magnetic order on the laser-induced ultrafast strain response of metals. Few experiments with femto- or picosecond time-resolution have so far investigated magnetic stresses. This is contrasted by the industrial usage of magnetic invar materials or magnetostrictive transducers for ultrasound generation, which already utilize magnetostrictive stresses in the low frequency regime.

In the reported experiments I investigate how the energy deposition by the absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in thin metal films leads to an ultrafast stress generation. I utilize that this stress drives an expansion that emits nanoscopic strain pulses, so called hypersound, into adjacent layers. Both the expansion and the strain pulses change the average inter-atomic distance in the sample, which can be tracked with sub-picosecond time resolution using an X-ray diffraction setup at a laser-driven Plasma X-ray source. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction can also be applied to buried layers within heterostructures that cannot be accessed by optical methods, which exhibit a limited penetration into metals. The reconstruction of the initial energy transfer processes from the shape of the strain pulse in buried detection layers represents a contribution of this work to the field of picosecond ultrasonics.

A central point for the analysis of the experiments is the direct link between the deposited energy density in the nano-structures and the resulting stress on the crystal lattice. The underlying thermodynamical concept of a Grüneisen parameter provides the theoretical framework for my work. I demonstrate how the Grüneisen principle can be used for the interpretation of the strain response on ultrafast timescales in various materials and that it can be extended to describe magnetic stresses. The class of heavy rare-earth elements exhibits especially large magnetostriction effects, which can even lead to an unconventional contraction of the laser-excited transducer material. Such a dominant contribution of the magnetic stress to the motion of atoms has not been demonstrated previously. The observed rise time of the magnetic stress contribution in Dysprosium is identical to the decrease in the helical spin-order, that has been found previously using time-resolved resonant X-ray diffraction. This indicates that the strength of the magnetic stress can be used as a proxy of the underlying magnetic order. Such magnetostriction measurements are applicable even in case of antiparallel or non-collinear alignment of the magnetic moments and a vanishing magnetization.

The strain response of metal films is usually determined by the pressure of electrons and lattice vibrations. I have developed a versatile two-pulse excitation routine that can be used to extract the magnetic contribution to the strain response even if systematic measurements above and below the magnetic ordering temperature are not feasible. A first laser pulse leads to a partial ultrafast demagnetization so that the amplitude and shape of the strain response triggered by the second pulse depends on the remaining magnetic order. With this method I could identify a strongly anisotropic magnetic stress contribution in the magnetic data storage material iron-platinum and identify the recovery of the magnetic order by the variation of the pulse-to-pulse delay. The stark contrast of the expansion of iron-platinum nanograins and thin films shows that the different constraints for the in-plane expansion have a strong influence on the out-of-plane expansion, due to the Poisson effect. I show how such transverse strain contributions need to be accounted for when interpreting the ultrafast out-of-plane strain response using thermal expansion coefficients obtained in near equilibrium conditions.

This work contributes an investigation of magnetostriction on ultrafast timescales to the literature of magnetic effects in materials. It develops a method to extract spatial and temporal varying stress contributions based on a model for the amplitude and shape of the emitted strain pulses. Energy transfer processes result in a change of the stress profile with respect to the initial absorption of the laser pulses. One interesting example occurs in nanoscopic gold-nickel heterostructures, where excited electrons rapidly transport energy into a distant nickel layer, that takes up much more energy and expands faster and stronger than the laser-excited gold capping layer. Magnetic excitations in rare earth materials represent a large energy reservoir that delays the energy transfer into adjacent layers. Such magneto-caloric effects are known in thermodynamics but not extensively covered on ultrafast timescales. The combination of ultrafast X-ray diffraction and time-resolved techniques with direct access to the magnetization has a large potential to uncover and quantify such energy transfer processes.
N2  - In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich den Einfluss magnetischer Ordnung auf die laser-induzierte, ultraschnelle Ausdehnung von Metallen. In Experimenten mit Femto- oder Pikosekunden Zeitauflösung sind magnetische Drücke bisher kaum erforscht. Dies steht im Kontrast zur industriellen Verwendung von magnetischen Invar Materialien oder magnetostriktiven Ultraschallgebern, in denen magnetische Drücke bereits in niedrigeren Frequenzbereichen Anwendung finden.

In meinen Experimenten untersuche ich, wie der Energieeintrag durch die Absorption von Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen in dünnen Metallschichten zu einem ultraschnellen Druckanstieg führt. Dabei nutze ich, dass der Druckanstieg zu einer Ausdehnung führt, welche Deformationswellen auf der Nanometerskala, sogenannte Hyperschallpulse, in angrenzende Schichten aussendet. Sowohl die Ausdehnung als auch die Deformationspulse ändern den mittleren Abstand zwischen den Atomen in der Probe, welcher mittels Röntgenbeugung an einer Laser-getriebenen Plasma-Röntgenquelle mit einer Subpikosekunden-Zeitauflösung detektiert wird. Das Verfahren der ultraschnellen Röntgenbeugung gelingt auch in Heterostrukturen mit vergrabenen Detektionsschichten, zu denen optische Methoden aufgrund ihrer limitierter Eindringtiefe in Metallen keinen Zugang haben. Ein Beitrag dieser Arbeit zum Feld der Pikosekunden-Akustik ist es, aus der Ausdehnung einer solchen Detektionsschicht Rückschlüsse auf die initialen Energietransferprozesse zu ziehen.

Der direkte Zusammenhang zwischen der eingebrachten Energiedichte in die Nanostrukturen und dem resultierenden Druck auf das Atomgitter ist ein zentraler Punkt in meiner Analyse der Experimente. Das zu Grunde liegende thermodynamische Konzept des Grüneisen-Parameters bildet den theoretischen Kontext meiner Publikationen. Anhand verschiedener Materialien demonstriere ich, wie dieses Prinzip auch zur Analyse der Ausdehnung auf ultraschnellen Zeitskalen verwendet werden kann und sich auch auf magnetische Drücke übertragen lässt. Insbesondere in der Materialklasse der schweren, seltenen Erdelemente sind Magnetostriktionseffekte sehr groß und führen dort sogar zu einem ungewöhnlichen Zusammenziehen des Materials nach der Laseranregung. Solch ein bestimmender Einfluss des magnetischen Drucks auf die Atombewegung ist bisher nicht gezeigt worden. Die Zeitskala des magnetischen Druckanstiegs entspricht dabei der beobachteten Abnahme der helikalen Spin-Ordnung, welche zuvor mittels zeitaufgelöster, resonanter Röntgenbeugung ermittelt wurde. Dies zeigt, dass die Stärke des magnetischen Drucks als Maß für magnetische Ordnung dienen kann, insbesondere auch im Fall von antiparalleler oder nicht-kollinearer Ordnung der magnetischen Momente in Proben mit verschwindender Magnetisierung.

In Metallfilmen ist die Dehnung des Atomgitters in der Regel durch Druck von Elektronen und Gitterschwingungen geprägt. Um den magnetischen Druckbeitrag auch in solchen Fällen zu extrahieren, in denen systematische Experimente oberhalb und unterhalb der magnetischen Ordnungstemperatur nicht praktikabel sind, habe ich ein neuartiges Doppelpuls-Anregungsverfahren entwickelt, welches allgemein für die Untersuchung von Phasenübergängen nützlich ist. Der Energieeintrag durch den ersten Laserpuls führt dabei zu einer partiellen, ultraschnellen Demagnetisierung, sodass die Amplitude und Form der Gitterausdehnung nach dem zweiten Puls von der Stärke des verbliebenen magnetischen Drucks und somit von der verbliebenen magnetischen Ordnung abhängt. Mit dieser Methode ist es möglich geworden, einen stark richtungsabhängigen, magnetischen Druckbeitrag im Speichermedium Eisen-Platin zu identifizieren und mittels Variation des Puls-zu-Puls Abstands auch die Rückkehr der magnetischen Ordnung zu zeigen. Die unterschiedliche Ausdehnung von Eisen-Platin Nanopartikeln und dünnen Filmen zeigt dabei, dass die verschiedenen Zwangsbedingungen für die Ausdehnung entlang der Probenoberfläche aufgrund des Poisson-Effekts einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die ultraschnelle Ausdehnung senkrecht zur Probenoberfläche hat. Ich analysiere, wie die zugrunde liegende Querkontraktion bei der Interpretation der ultraschnellen Ausdehnung auf der Basis von thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten im Quasi-Gleichgewicht berücksichtigt werden kann.

Meine Arbeit erweitert die Literatur um einen Beitrag zur ultraschnellen Magnetostriktion und entwickelt eine Methodik mittels derer räumlich und zeitlich variierende Druckbeiträge anhand einer Modellierung der Form der Deformationswellen extrahiert werden können. Energietransferprozesse spiegeln sich dabei durch eine Änderung des Druckprofils gegenüber dem Absorptionsprofil der Laserpulse wider.
KW  - lattice dynamics
KW  - magnetism
KW  - ultrafast
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - Gitterdynamik
KW  - Magnetismus
KW  - ultraschnell
KW  - Röntgenbeugung
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-535582
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lemke, Tristan
T1  - Keine Reform für die Zukunft
T2  - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional
N2  - Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden.
KW  - Abgabe
KW  - Umlage
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17176/20210130-222740-0
SN  - 2366-7044
PB  - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Repasch, Marisa
T1  - Fluvial sediment routing and the carbon cycle
BT  - insights from the Rio Bermejo, Argentina
BT  - Einblicke aus dem Rio Bermejo, Argentinien
N2  - By regulating the concentration of carbon in our atmosphere, the global carbon cycle drives changes in our planet’s climate and habitability. Earth surface processes play a central, yet insufficiently constrained role in regulating fluxes of carbon between terrestrial reservoirs and the atmosphere. River systems drive global biogeochemical cycles by redistributing significant masses of carbon across the landscape. During fluvial transit, the balance between carbon oxidation and preservation determines whether this mass redistribution is a net atmospheric CO2 source or sink. Existing models for fluvial carbon transport fail to integrate the effects of sediment routing processes, resulting in large uncertainties in fluvial carbon fluxes to the oceans. 
In this Ph.D. dissertation, I address this knowledge gap through three studies that focus on the timescale and routing pathways of fluvial mass transfer and show their effect on the composition and fluxes of organic carbon exported by rivers. The hypotheses posed in these three studies were tested in an analog lowland alluvial river system – the Rio Bermejo in Argentina. The Rio Bermejo annually exports more than 100 Mt of sediment and organic matter from the central Andes, and transports this material nearly 1300 km downstream across the lowland basin without influence from tributaries, allowing me to isolate the effects of geomorphic processes on fluvial organic carbon cycling. These studies focus primarily on the geochemical composition of suspended sediment collected from river depth profiles along the length of the Rio Bermejo.
In Chapter 3, I aimed to determine the mean fluvial sediment transit time for the Rio Bermejo and evaluate the geomorphic processes that regulate the rate of downstream sediment transfer. I developed a framework to use meteoric cosmogenic 10Be  (10Bem) as a chronometer to track the duration of sediment transit from the mountain front downstream along the ~1300 km channel of the Rio Bermejo. I measured 10Bem concentrations in suspended sediment sampled from depth profiles, and found a 230% increase along the fluvial transit pathway. I applied a simple model for the time-dependent accumulation of 10Bem on the floodplain to estimate a mean sediment transit time of 8.5±2.2 kyr. Furthermore, I show that sediment transit velocity is influenced by lateral migration rate and channel morphodynamics. This approach to measuring sediment transit time is much more precise than other methods previously used and shows promise for future applications.
In Chapter 4, I aimed to quantify the effects of hydrodynamic sorting on the composition and quantity of particulate organic carbon (POC) export transported by lowland rivers. I first used scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM) coupled with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses to show that the Bermejo transports two principal types of POC: 1) mineral-bound organic carbon associated with <4 µm, platy grains, and 2) coarse discrete organic particles. Using n-alkane stable isotope data and particle shape analysis, I showed that these two carbon pools are vertically sorted in the water column, due to differences in particle settling velocity. This vertical sorting may drive modern POC to be transported efficiently from source-to-sink, driving efficient CO2 drawdown. Simultaneously, vertical sorting may drive degraded, mineral-bound POC to be deposited overbank and stored on the floodplain for centuries to millennia, resulting in enhanced POC remineralization. In the Rio Bermejo, selective deposition of coarse material causes the proportion of mineral-bound POC to increase with distance downstream, but the majority of exported POC is composed of discrete organic particles, suggesting that the river is a net carbon sink. In summary, this study shows that selective deposition and hydraulic sorting control the composition and fate of fluvial POC during fluvial transit.
In Chapter 5, I characterized and quantified POC transformation and oxidation during fluvial transit. I analyzed the radiocarbon content and stable carbon isotopic composition of Rio Bermejo suspended sediment and found that POC ages during fluvial transit, but is also degraded and oxidized during transient floodplain storage. Using these data, I developed a conceptual model for fluvial POC cycling that allows the estimation of POC oxidation relative to POC export, and ultimately reveals whether a river is a net source or sink of CO2 to the atmosphere. Through this study, I found that the Rio Bermejo annually exports more POC than is oxidized during transit, largely due to high rates of lateral migration that cause erosion of floodplain vegetation and soil into the river. These results imply that human engineering of rivers could alter the fluvial carbon balance, by reducing lateral POC inputs and increasing the mean sediment transit time.
Together, these three studies quantitatively link geomorphic processes to rates of POC transport and degradation across sub-annual to millennial time scales and nanoscale to 103 km spatial scales, laying the groundwork for a global-scale fluvial organic carbon cycling model.
N2  - Der globale Kohlenstoffkreislauf bestimmt das Klima und die Bewohnbarkeit unseres Planeten durch die Regulierung der Kohlenstoffkonzentration in unserer Atmosphäre. Erdoberflächenprozesse spielen eine zentrale, aber nicht ausreichend verstandene Rolle in der Regulierung der Kohlenstoffflüsse zwischen terrestrischen Reservoiren und der Atmosphäre.  Flusssysteme steuern globale biogeochemische Kreisläufe, indem sie große Mengen Kohlenstoff in der Landschaft umverteilen. Dabei bestimmt das Gleichgewicht zwischen Kohlenstoffoxidation und -konservierung, ob der Flusstransport in einer atmosphärischen Netto CO2-Quelle oder -Senke resultiert. Die Auswirkungen von Sedimentverlagerungsprozessen werden in bestehenden Modellen für den Kohlenstofftransport in Flüssen jedoch nicht berücksichtigt, was zu großen Unsicherheiten in der Bestimmung von Kohlenstoffflüssen von Quellen zu Senken führt.
In dieser Dissertation adressiere ich diese Wissenslücke mithilfe von drei Studien, die verschiedene Komponenten des Stofftransfers von Quelle zu Senke und seine Auswirkungen auf die Zusammensetzung und den Transfer des organischen Kohlenstoffs im Fluss herausgreifen. Die in diesen drei Studien aufgestellten Hypothesen wurden in einem analogen alluvialen Tieflandflusssystem - dem Rio Bermejo in Argentinien - getestet. Der Rio Bermejo exportiert jährlich mehr als 100 Mt Sedimente und organisches Material aus den Zentralanden und transportiert dieses fast 1300 km flussabwärts ohne Einfluss von Nebenflüssen durch das Tieflandbecken. Dies erlaubt die Isolierung der Auswirkungen geomorphologischer Prozesse auf den organischen Kohlenstoffkreislauf im Fluss. Die Studien basieren auf geochemischen Daten eines Satzes Sedimentproben der Suspensionsfracht, die entlang des Rio Bermejo aus Flusstiefenprofilen entnommen wurden.
In Kapitel 3 habe ich mir das Ziel gesetzt die mittlere Flusssedimenttransitzeit des Rio Bermejo sowie die geomorphologischen Prozesse, die die Geschwindigkeit des Sedimenttransfers flussabwärts regulieren, zu bestimmen. Dazu habe ich ein Framework entwickelt, wie meteorisches kosmogenes 10Be (10Bem) als Chronometer verwendet werden kann, das die Dauer des Sedimenttransits von der Bergfront stromabwärts entlang des ~ 1300 km langen Kanals des Rio Bermejo misst. Ich habe 10Bem -Konzentrationen an den Tiefenprofilen der Suspensionsfracht gemessen und dabei einen Anstieg von 230% entlang des Flusstransfers festgestellt. Für die zeitabhängige Akkumulation von 10Bem auf der Überflutungsebene habe ich ein einfaches Modell angewendet und dadurch eine mittlere Sedimenttransitzeit von ~ 8,5 ± 2,2 kyr abgeschätzt. Meine Daten haben zusätzlich gezeigt, dass Unterschiede in der lateralen Migrationsrate und der Kanalmorphodynamik Unterschiede in der Sedimenttransitgeschwindigkeit verursachen. Dieser Ansatz zur Messung der Sedimenttransitzeit ist viel präziser als andere bisher verwendete Methoden und hat ein großes Potential für zukünftige Anwendungen.
Kapitel 4 habe ich darauf ausgerichtet die Auswirkungen der vorübergehenden Speicherung in Überflutungsebenen, der Verfeinerung der Korngrößen flussabwärts und der organomineralischen Assoziationen auf die Zusammensetzung und Menge des Exports von fluvialem partikulärem organischem Kohlenstoff (POC) zu quantifizieren. Daten stabiler n Alkan-Isotope zeigten eine vertikale Sortierung organischer Stoffe in der Flusswassersäule, durch die 13C -angereichertes, mineralassoziiertes POC am oberen Ende der Wassersäule konzentriert wurde. Mithilfe von Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (SEM) und nanoskalige Sekundärionen-Massenspektrometrie (NanoSIMS) -Analysen habe ich gezeigt, dass Organomineralassoziationen größtenteils in feinen, plattigen Mineralkörnern mit niedrigen Absetzgeschwindigkeiten gefunden werden, welche zum Aufsteigen des mineralgebundenen POC in der Wassersäule führen. Organomineralassoziationen und 13C -Anreicherung sind typisch für den Abbau von organischem Kohlenstoff im Boden, was darauf hindeutet, dass mineralgebundener POC größtenteils aus der Erosion verwitterter Auenböden stammt. Ich habe gezeigt, dass> 70% des suspendierten POC-Exports in Zusammenhang mit feinem Sediment seht. Dieser POC ist wahrscheinlich aufgrund des Abbaus während der vorübergehenden Lagerung in den Überflutungsebenen stärker an 13C angereichert. Da mineralgebundenes POC und diskrete organische Partikel in der Wassersäule in unterschiedlichen Tiefen transportiert werden, weisen sie wahrscheinlich unterschiedliche Flusslaufzeiten und damit unterschiedliche Oxidationswahrscheinlichkeiten während des Flusstransfers auf. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Studie, dass hydrodynamische Sortiereffekte die Zusammensetzung und das Schicksal des fluvialen POC während des Transits von Quelle zu Senke steuern.
In Kapitel 5 habe ich die POC-Transformation und -Oxidation während des Flussdurchgangs charakterisiert und quantifiziert. Dazu habe ich den Radiokohlenstoffgehalt und die stabile Kohlenstoffisotopenzusammensetzung der Suspensionsfracht des Rio Bermejo analysiert. Die Daten zeigten sowohl eine Alterung des POC während des Flusstransits und als auch den Abbau von POC während der vorübergehenden Ablagerung in Überflutungsebenen. Unter Verwendung dieser Daten entwickelte ich ein konzeptionelles Modell für den Fluss-POC-Kreislauf, das die Abschätzung der POC-Oxidation im Verhältnis zum POC-Export ermöglicht und zeigt, ob ein Fluss eine Nettoquelle oder -senke für CO2 in der Atmosphäre darstellt. Durch diese Studie fand ich heraus, dass der Rio Bermejo jährlich mehr POC exportiert, als während des Transits oxidiert wird, was hauptsächlich auf die hohen seitlichen Migrationsraten zurückzuführen ist, die zur Erosion der Auenvegetation und der Auenböden in den Fluss führen. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die menschliche Gestaltung von Flüssen die Kohlenstoffbilanz im Fluss verändern könnte, indem die seitlichen POC-Einträge reduziert und die mittlere Sedimenttransitzeit erhöht werden.
Zusammengenommen verknüpfen diese drei Studien geomorphologische Prozesse quantitativ mit den Raten des POC-Transports und der POC-Degradation über sub-jährliche bis tausendjährige Zeitskalen und Nano bis 103 km räumlichen Skalen und bilden die Grundlage für ein Modell des globalen, fluvialen, organischen Kohlenstoffkreislaufs.
T2  - Flusssedimenttransfer und Kohlenstoffkreislauf
KW  - biogeoscience
KW  - geomorphology
KW  - rivers
KW  - Biogeowissenschaften
KW  - Geomorphologie
KW  - Flüsse
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493978
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Dahling, Volker
A1  - May, Susann
A1  - Greiner, Timo
A1  - Thoma, Samuel
A1  - Peter, Sebastian von
A1  - Schwantes, Ulrich
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heinze, Martin
T1  - Verschreibungspraxis von Psychopharmaka in brandenburgischen Pflegeheimen
T2  - Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontologie und Geriatrie
T2  - Prescribing practice of psychotropic drugs in Brandenburg nursing homes
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0948-6704
SN  - 1435-1269
VL  - 54
IS  - SUPPL 1
SP  - S26
EP  - S26
PB  - Springer Medizin
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
A1  - Bollmann, Julian
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Abdulla, K
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Sánchez Fernàndez, Alba Cristina
T1  - Validation of the German version of the work and social adjustment scale in a sample of depressed patients
JF  - BMC health services research
N2  - Background
Depression is one of the key factors contributing to difficulties in one’s ability to work, and serves as one of the major reasons why employees apply for psychotherapy and receive insurance subsidization of treatments. Hence, an increasing and growing number of studies rely on workability assessment scales as their primary outcome measure. The Work and Social Assessment Scale (WSAS) has been documented as one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tools especially developed to assess workability and social functioning in patients with mental health problems. Yet, the application of the WSAS in Germany has been limited due to the paucity of a valid questionnaire in the German language. The objective of the present study was to translate the WSAS, as a brief and easy administrable tool into German and test its psychometric properties in a sample of adults with depression.

Methods
Two hundred seventy-seven patients (M = 48.3 years, SD = 11.1) with mild to moderately severe depression were recruited. A multistep translation from English into the German language was performed and the factorial validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were examined.

Results
The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one-factor structure of the WSAS. Significant correlations with the WHODAS 2–0 questionnaire, a measure of functionality, demonstrated good convergent validity. Significant correlations with depression and quality of life demonstrated good criterion validity. The WSAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .89), and the absence of floor and ceiling effects indicated good sensitivity of the instrument.

Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrated that the German version of the WSAS has good psychometric properties comparable to other international versions of this scale. The findings recommend a global assessment of psychosocial functioning with the sum score of the WSAS.
KW  - Workability
KW  - Social functioning
KW  - Depression
KW  - Psychometric evaluation
KW  - Translation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06622-x
SN  - 1472-6963
VL  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto
A1  - Schuch, Felipe Barreto
A1  - Zech, Philipp
A1  - Kangas, Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heißel, Andreas
T1  - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV
BT  - A cross-sectional study
JF  - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2  - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH.
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise
KW  - cardiovascular diseases
KW  - metabolic disease
KW  - sedentary
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 18
IS  - 21
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schraplau, Anne
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Bonaventura, Klaus
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study
BT  - the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort
JF  - Pilot and Feasibility Studies
N2  - Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS.

Methods
In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis.

Discussion
The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the “Mobile Brandenburg Cohort” create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.
KW  - Metabolic syndrome
KW  - Mobile diagnostics
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Rural health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w
SN  - 2055-5784
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - BioMed Central (Springer Nature)
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Zech, Philipp
T1  - Effects of exercise on different parameters in people living with HIV
N2  - Hintergrund. Personen, die mit der chronischen Erkrankung HIV leben (PWH), müssen ihr Leben lang die sog. antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) einnehmen, um einen Ausbruch der Erkrankung in das Vollbild AIDS (Akquiriertes Immun-Defizienz-Syndrom) zu vermeiden. Gleichzeitig ist die ART und HIV selbst assoziiert mit dem Auftreten zusätzlicher Erkrankungen (Komorbiditäten) kardiovaskulärer oder psychologischer Natur. Die Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten und schlechter Lebensqualität ist im Vergleich zu HIV-negativen Personen deutlich höher. 
Methoden. Es wurden zwei Metaanalysen zu sportlicher Betätigung, PWH und (1) kardiovaskulären und (2) psychologischen Parametern sowie eine Querschnittsstudie (HIBES-Studie, HIV-Begleiterkrankungen und Sport) durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung der metaanalytischen Daten wurde der Review Manager 5.3, für die Auswertung der Daten der HIBES-Studie das Analyseprogramm „R“ verwendet. In den Metaanalysen wurden, neben den Hauptanalysen verschiedener Parameter, erstmals spezifische Subgruppenanalysen durchgeführt. Die HIBES-Studie untersuchte Unterschiede zwischen kumulativen (2-3 verschiedenen Sportarten pro Woche) und einfachen (eine Sportart pro Woche) Freizeitsport und analysiert die Zusammenhänge von Parametern des Freizeitsports (Trainingshäufigkeit, -Minuten und –Intensität), Komorbiditäten und der Lebensqualität. 
Ergebnisse. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining haben einen mittel-starken bis starken positiven Effekt auf die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (SMD= 0.66, p< .00001), den 6-Minuten-Walk-Test (6MWT) (SMD= 0.59, p= .02), die maximale Watt Zahl  (SMD= 0.80, p= .009). Kein Effekt wurde bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz und dem systolischen sowie diastolischen Blutdruck gefunden. Subgruppenanalysen zu ≥3 Einheiten/Woche, ≥150 Min./Woche ergaben hohe Effektstärken in der maximalen Watt Zahl und 6MWT. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining zusammen mit Yoga haben einen starken Effekt auf Symptome der Depression (SMD= -0.84, p= .02) und Angststörungen (SMD= -1.23, p= .04). Die Subanalyse der Depression zu professioneller Supervision und sportlicher Betätigung wiesen einen sehr starken Effekt (SMD= -1.40, p= .03). Die HIBES-Studie wies ein sehr differenziertes Bild im Sportverhalten von PWH in Deutschland auf. 49% der Teilnehmer übten mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche aus. Es wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen kumuliertem (CTE) und einfachem Sport (STE) in der Lebensqualität gefunden. Die Freizeitsportparameter (Häufigkeiten/Woche, Minuten/Woche, Intensität/Woche) waren in der CTE-Gruppe deutlich höher als in der STE-Gruppe. Trainingsminuten und die -Intensität zeigten beim Vorhandensein einer Komorbidität einen großen Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualität. Die Minuten und die Intensität des durchgeführten Sportes zeigten einen prädiktiven Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualität. 
Konklusion: Sportliche Betätigung verbessert die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme und Symptome der Depression und Angststörungen. Die Aussagekraft der Subanalysen ist aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl, vorsichtig zu interpretieren. Erhöhte Trainingsparameter finden sich eher bei PWH, die mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche treiben. Daher kann kumulierter Sport als mediierender Faktor zur Steigerung der Lebensqualität interpretiert werden; zumindest bei PWH mit einer psychologischen Komorbidität.
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise
KW  - Komorbiditäten
KW  - Lebensqualität
KW  - HIV
KW  - exercise
KW  - comorbidities
KW  - quality of life
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Hannah
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Wolf, Hannah
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Introduction
BT  - considering democracies
JF  - The condition of democracy : Volume 2: Contesting citizenship
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-0-367-74537-0
SN  - 978-0-367-74536-3
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex
A1  - Kulkova, Elena
A1  - Michirev, Alexej
A1  - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
A1  - Bertonatti, Matias
T1  - Book review on: Raab, Markus: Judgment, decision-making, and embodied choices. - 
London ; San Diego ; Cambridge, MA ; Oxford: Academic Press, 2020. - xv, 155 pages. - ISBN: 978-0-12-823523-2
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - decision making
KW  - embodied choice
KW  - book review
KW  - mind-body
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665728
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Hermanussen, Michael
A1  - Rogol, Alan D.
T1  - Stunting
BT  - historical lessons that catch-up growth tells us for mapping growth restoration
JF  - Archives of disease in childhood : a peer review journal for health professionals and researchers covering conception to adolescence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319240
SN  - 0003-9888
SN  - 1468-2044
VL  - 106
IS  - 8
SP  - 819
EP  - 820
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lazarides, Rebecca
A1  - Chevalère, Johann
T1  - Artificial intelligence and education: Addressing the variability in learners’ emotion and motivation with adaptive teaching assistants
JF  - Bildung und Erziehung
N2  - One of the main challenges of education in modern societies is to effectively address the variability of students in academic learning settings. Students vary in terms of their individual learning preconditions, such as achievement and preknowledge, but also motivation and emotion. Teachers, in turn, have limited resources to provide each learner with individually tailored instruction. This research overview reviews research on artificially intelligent teaching assistants and their role in providing adaptive learning opportunities in relation to learners’ heterogeneous individual learning preconditions in the field of motivation and emotion.
N2  - Eine zentrale Herausforderung für Lern- und Bildungsprozesse in modernen Gesellschaften ist es, die Heterogenität von Lernenden in den Blick zu nehmen und effektiv auf ihre individuellen Bedürfnisse bei der Wissensvermittlung einzugehen. Schüler*innen unterscheiden sich in ihren individuellen Lernmerkmalen, beispielsweise in ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit, ihrem Vorwissen, aber auch in ihrer Lernmotivation und ihren lernrelevanten Emotionen. Lehrkräfte haben häufig nur limitierte Ressourcen zur Verfügung, um allen Lernenden optimal auf ihre individuellen Bedarfe zugeschnittene Lerngelegenheiten zu bieten. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich vor diesem Hintergrund mit künstlich intelligenten Lernbegleitern und ihrer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung adaptiver Lerngelegenheiten, die unterschiedliche Voraussetzungen und Bedürfnisse von Lernenden im Bereich Motivation und Emotion berücksichtigen.
KW  - motivational-affective learning processes
KW  - intelligent tutoring systems
KW  - social robots
KW  - individualized instruction
KW  - motivational-affektive Lernentwicklung
KW  - intelligente tutorielle Systeme
KW  - Lernroboter
KW  - individualisiertes Unterrichten
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13109/buer.2021.74.3.264
SN  - 0006-2456
SN  - 2194-3834
VL  - 74
IS  - 3
SP  - 264
EP  - 279
PB  - Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cabalar, Pedro
A1  - Fandiño, Jorge
A1  - Fariñas del Cerro, Luis
T1  - Splitting epistemic logic programs
JF  - Theory and practice of logic programming / publ. for the Association for Logic Programming
N2  - Epistemic logic programs constitute an extension of the stable model semantics to deal with new constructs called subjective literals. Informally speaking, a subjective literal allows checking whether some objective literal is true in all or some stable models. As it can be imagined, the associated semantics has proved to be non-trivial, since the truth of subjective literals may interfere with the set of stable models it is supposed to query. As a consequence, no clear agreement has been reached and different semantic proposals have been made in the literature. Unfortunately, comparison among these proposals has been limited to a study of their effect on individual examples, rather than identifying general properties to be checked. In this paper, we propose an extension of the well-known splitting property for logic programs to the epistemic case. We formally define when an arbitrary semantics satisfies the epistemic splitting property and examine some of the consequences that can be derived from that, including its relation to conformant planning and to epistemic constraints. Interestingly, we prove (through counterexamples) that most of the existing approaches fail to fulfill the epistemic splitting property, except the original semantics proposed by Gelfond 1991 and a recent proposal by the authors, called Founded Autoepistemic Equilibrium Logic.
KW  - knowledge representation and nonmonotonic reasoning
KW  - logic programming methodology and applications
KW  - theory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068420000058
SN  - 1471-0684
SN  - 1475-3081
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 296
EP  - 316
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Sabrina
A1  - Reil, Daniela
A1  - Jeske, Kathrin
A1  - Drewes, Stephan
A1  - Rosenfeld, Ulrike
A1  - Fischer, Stefan
A1  - Spierling, Nastasja G.
A1  - Labutin, Anton
A1  - Heckel, Gerald
A1  - Jacob, Jens
A1  - Ulrich, Rainer G.
A1  - Imholt, Christian
T1  - Spatial and temporal dynamics and molecular evolution of Tula orthohantavirus in German vole populations
JF  - Viruses / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is a rodent-borne hantavirus with broad geographical distribution in Europe. Its major reservoir is the common vole (Microtus arvalis), but TULV has also been detected in closely related vole species. Given the large distributional range and high amplitude population dynamics of common voles, this host-pathogen complex presents an ideal system to study the complex mechanisms of pathogen transmission in a wild rodent reservoir. We investigated the dynamics of TULV prevalence and the subsequent potential effects on the molecular evolution of TULV in common voles of the Central evolutionary lineage. Rodents were trapped for three years in four regions of Germany and samples were analyzed for the presence of TULV-reactive antibodies and TULV RNA with subsequent sequence determination. The results show that individual (sex) and population-level factors (abundance) of hosts were significant predictors of local TULV dynamics. At the large geographic scale, different phylogenetic TULV clades and an overall isolation-by-distance pattern in virus sequences were detected, while at the small scale (<4 km) this depended on the study area. In combination with an overall delayed density dependence, our results highlight that frequent, localized bottleneck events for the common vole and TULV do occur and can be offset by local recolonization dynamics.
KW  - rodents
KW  - hantavirus
KW  - monitoring
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - common vole
KW  - field vole
KW  - water vole
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - molecular evolution
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061132
SN  - 1999-4915
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Petreska, Irina
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Lenzi, Ervin Kaminski
T1  - Comb-like geometric constraints leading to emergence of the time-fractional Schrödinger equation
JF  - Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics
N2  - This paper presents an overview over several examples, where the comb-like geometric constraints lead to emergence of the time-fractional Schrodinger equation. Motion of a quantum object on a comb structure is modeled by a suitable modification of the kinetic energy operator, obtained by insertion of the Dirac delta function in the Laplacian. First, we consider motion of a free particle on two- and three-dimensional comb structures, and then we extend the study to the interacting cases. A general form of a nonlocal term, which describes the interactions of the particle with the medium, is included in the Hamiltonian, and later on, the cases of constant and Dirac delta potentials are analyzed. At the end, we discuss the case of non-integer dimensions, considering separately the case of fractal dimension between one and two, and the case of fractal dimension between two and three. All these examples show that even though we are starting with the standard time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a comb, the time-fractional equation for the Green's functions appears, due to these specific geometric constraints.
KW  - Comb model
KW  - time-fractional Schrödinger equation
KW  - Green’ s functions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732321300056
SN  - 0217-7323
SN  - 1793-6632
VL  - 36
IS  - 14
PB  - World Scientific
CY  - Singapore
ER  -