TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Regina A1 - Klemmt, Malte A1 - Ehni, Hans-Joerg A1 - Henking, Tanja A1 - Kuhnmüch, Angelina A1 - Preiser, Christine A1 - Koch, Roland A1 - Ranisch, Robert T1 - Ethical, legal, and social aspects of symptom checker applications BT - a scoping review JF - Medicine, health care and philosophy : a European journal N2 - Symptom Checker Applications (SCA) are mobile applications often designed for the end-user to assist with symptom assessment and self-triage. SCA are meant to provide the user with easily accessible information about their own health conditions. However, SCA raise questions regarding ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA), for example, regarding fair access to this new technology. The aim of this scoping review is to identify the ELSA of SCA in the scientific literature. A scoping review was conducted to identify the ELSA of SCA. Ten databases (e.g., Web of Science and PubMed) were used. Studies on SCA that address ELSA, written in English or German, were included in the review. The ELSA of SCA were extracted and synthesized using qualitative content analysis. A total of 25,061 references were identified, of which 39 were included in the analysis. The identified aspects were allotted to three main categories: (1) Technology; (2) Individual Level; and (3) Healthcare system. The results show that there are controversial debates in the literature on the ethical and social challenges of SCA usage. Furthermore, the debates are characterised by a lack of a specific legal perspective and empirical data. The review provides an overview on the spectrum of ELSA regarding SCA. It offers guidance to stakeholders in the healthcare system, for example, patients, healthcare professionals, and insurance providers and could be used in future empirical research to investigate the perspectives of those affected, such as users. KW - digitalisation KW - mHealth KW - health apps KW - symptom checker apps KW - bioethics KW - scoping review Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-022-10114-y SN - 1386-7423 SN - 1572-8633 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 737 EP - 755 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oren, Yehuda (Yady) T1 - Plotinus’ concept of ‘We’ and its relation to the Kantian tradition JF - Revista de estudios kantianos : publicación internacional de la Sociedad de Estudios Kantianos en Lengua Española N2 - Hailed as an innovative concept in antiquity, Plotinus’ concept of the ‘we’ occupies a nuanced and somewhat elusive systematic position. On the one hand, it locates itself in the realm of the soul rather than the intellect; at the same time, however, it manifests a self-conscious dimension typically ascribed to the intellect rather than the soul. This paper attempts to resolve this ambiguity by interpreting the ‘we’ as a potential of self-consciousness, which explains why the ‘we’ can become similar to, but not identical with, the actual self-consciousness of the intellect. The proposed definition not only brings clarity to the seemingly paradoxical formulations surrounding the ‘we’ in Plotinus’ philosophy but also sheds light on the allegories that Plotinus employs. Moreover, my analysis highlights the similarity between the Plotinian ‘we’ and the characterizations of the self within the Kantian tradition. Drawing on Cassirer’s dichotomy between concepts of substance and concepts of function, and Kant’s assertion that the ‘I think’ represents a potentiality rather than an actuality of self-consciousness, this study attempts to provide a conceptual bridge between the Plotinian and Kantian frameworks. KW - Plotinus KW - History of Philosophy KW - Self-consciousness KW - Neoplatonism KW - Kantian Tradition Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7203/REK.9.1.27679 SN - 2445-0669 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació, Servei d'Informàtica CY - València ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, Hans-Georg A1 - Polzenhagen, Frank T1 - Cultural Linguistics BT - some disciplinary and terminological considerations T2 - The Handbook of Cultural Linguistics (Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics (SHLL)) N2 - Without a doubt, not only through numerous landmark publications (e.g., Sharifian 2003, 2011, 2015, 2017a, b), Farzad Sharifian has shaped the field of Cultural Linguistics like no one has. The success of Cultural Linguistics has been due, to a considerable extent, to the integration of previous theoretical concepts, methods, and terminologies into a unified theoretical approach. However, this process of integration, to our minds, has not been completed. In fact, the first author of this chapter, in a couple of his publications (Wolf et al. 2021; Kühmstedt and Wolf 2022) was about to enter into a terminological debate with Farzad Sharifian, when he left us too early. In this chapter, we would like to take up and systematize this debate. Primarily, as regards theory, we will focus on the relation of Cultural Linguistics to Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and as regards terminology, on the central concept of “cultural conceptualization.” By doing so, it is our hope to solidify the paradigm of Cultural Linguistics even more and to provide a further terminological refinement for “cultural conceptualization.” Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-981-99-3799-8 SN - 978-981-99-3800-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3800-1_7 SP - 109 EP - 134 PB - Springer CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schödl, Isabel A1 - Odemer, Richard A1 - Becher, Matthias A. A1 - Berg, Stefan A1 - Otten, Christoph A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Groeneveld, Jürgen T1 - Simulation of Varroa mite control in honey bee colonies without synthetic acaricides: demonstration of Good Beekeeping Practice for Germany in the BEEHAVE model JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - The BEEHAVE model simulates the population dynamics and foraging activity of a single honey bee colony (Apis mellifera) in great detail. Although it still makes numerous simplifying assumptions, it appears to capture a wide range of empirical observations. It could, therefore, in principle, also be used as a tool in beekeeper education, as it allows the implementation and comparison of different management options. Here, we focus on treatments aimed at controlling the mite Varroa destructor. However, since BEEHAVE was developed in the UK, mite treatment includes the use of a synthetic acaricide, which is not part of Good Beekeeping Practice in Germany. A practice that consists of drone brood removal from April to June, treatment with formic acid in August/September, and treatment with oxalic acid in November/December. We implemented these measures, focusing on the timing, frequency, and spacing between drone brood removals. The effect of drone brood removal and acid treatment, individually or in combination, on a mite-infested colony was examined. We quantify the efficacy of Varroa mite control as the reduction of mites in treated bee colonies compared to untreated bee colonies. We found that drone brood removal was very effective, reducing mites by 90% at the end of the first simulation year after the introduction of mites. This value was significantly higher than the 50-67% reduction expected by bee experts and confirmed by empirical studies. However, literature reports varying percent reductions in mite numbers from 10 to 85% after drone brood removal. The discrepancy between model results, empirical data, and expert estimates indicate that these three sources should be reviewed and refined, as all are based on simplifying assumptions. These results and the adaptation of BEEHAVE to the Good Beekeeping Practice are a decisive step forward for the future use of BEEHAVE in beekeeper education in Germany and anywhere where organic acids and drone brood removal are utilized. KW - acaricides KW - BEEHAVE KW - beekeeping KW - drones KW - education KW - honey bees KW - modelling KW - pest control KW - Varroa mite Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9456 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 11 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Feng A1 - Song, Junwei A1 - Bauer, Jonas A1 - Gao, Linyu A1 - Vallon, Magdalena A1 - Gebhardt, Reiner A1 - Leisner, Thomas A1 - Norra, Stefan A1 - Saathoff, Harald T1 - Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at anurban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry JF - Atmospheric chemistry and physics N2 - The optical properties, chemical composition, and potential chromophores of brown carbon (BrC) aerosol particles were studied during typical summertime and wintertime at a kerbside in downtown Karl-sruhe, a city in central Europe. The average absorption coefficient and mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (Abs(365) and MAE(365)) of methanol-soluble BrC (MS-BrC) were lower in the summer period (1.6 +/- 0.5 Mm(-1), 0.5 +/- 0.2 m(2) g(-1)) than in the winter period (2.8 +/- 1.9 Mm(-1), 1.1 +/- 0.3 m(2) g(-1)). Using a parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to identify chromophores, two different groups of highly oxygenated humic-like substances (HO-HULIS) dominated in summer and contributed 96 +/- 6 % of the total fluorescence intensity. In contrast, less-oxygenated HULIS (LO-HULIS) dominated the total fluorescence intensity in winter with 57 +/- 12 %, followed by HO-HULIS with 31 +/- 18 %. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of organic compounds detected in real time by an online aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) led to five characteristic organic compound classes. The statistical analysis of PARAFAC components and PMF factors showed that LO-HULIS chromophores were most likely emitted from biomass burning in winter. HO-HULIS chromophores could be low-volatility oxy-genated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer. Five nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were identified by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (C7H7O3N, C7H7O4N, C6H5O5N, C6H5O4N, and C6H5O3N), which contributed 0.03 +/- 0.01 % to the total organic mass but can explain 0.3 +/- 0.1 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm in winter. Furthermore, we identified 316 potential brown carbon molecules which accounted for 2.5 +/- 0.6 % of the organic aerosol mass. Using an average mass absorption efficiency (MAE(365)) of 9.5 m(2)g(-1) for these compounds, we can es-timate their mean light absorption to be 1.2 +/- 0.2 Mm(-1), accounting for 32 +/- 15 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm. This indicates that a small fraction of brown carbon molecules dominates the overall ab-sorption. The potential BrC molecules assigned to the LO-HULIS component had a higher average molecular weight (265 +/- 2 Da) and more nitrogen-containing molecules (62 +/- 1 %) than the molecules assigned to the HOHULIS components. Our analysis shows that the LO-HULIS, with a high contribution of nitrogen-containing molecules originating from biomass burning, dominates aerosol fluorescence in winter, and HO-HULIS, with fewer nitrogen-containing molecules as low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), dominates in summer. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022 SN - 1680-7316 SN - 1680-7324 VL - 22 IS - 22 SP - 14971 EP - 14986 PB - EGU CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oren, Yehuda (Yady) T1 - Dogmatism, criticism, divine ideals BT - Rav A. I. Kook’s concept of God in light of H. Cohen JF - Naharaim : Zeitschrift für deutsch-jüdische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte N2 - This paper examines the claim that the two final articles of Rav Kook’s book Ikvei Hatzon were written as a response to a lecture given by Hermann Cohen. It first reviews Cohen’s lecture showing that, regarding the concept of God, Cohen argues for the compatibility of Judaism and Kantianism in denying the dogmatic-mythological preoccupation with the existence of God in favor of understanding God as the basis of morality. Second, it analyzes Kook’s articles, demonstrating that he accepts the compatibility of Judaism and Kantianism together with the denial of the dogmatic relation to God as a substance. Nevertheless, Kook is not satisfied with the critical view that denies the dogmatic relation to the substance altogether, since it formulates a merely negative relationship with God. Instead, he develops his concept of the Divine Ideals, which synthesizes the dogmatic preoccupation with substantiality and the critical denial of it. The Divine Ideals are the moral progression of man, through which man gradually becomes identical to God. Within the Divine Ideals, dogmatism becomes an emotional striving to be identical with God as a substance, while criticism is the intellectual negation of the possibility of such identity, which ensures that the process will continue indefinitely. KW - Abraham Isaac Kook KW - philosophy of religion, KW - critical philosophy KW - Hermann Cohen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/naha-2020-0006 SN - 1862-9156 SN - 1862-9148 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 153 EP - 177 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinen, Darlene A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Fydrich, Thomas A1 - Ströhle, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Vogel, Heike T1 - Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients JF - BMC public health N2 - Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels. Methods Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period. Results Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels. Conclusion Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels. Trial registration The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015. KW - Depression KW - Leptin levels KW - Exercise KW - Body fat Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4 SN - 1471-2458 VL - 23 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Philipp A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Hering, Robert A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Directedeness, correlations, and daily cycles in springbok motion BT - from data via stochastic models to movement prediction JF - Physical review research N2 - How predictable is the next move of an animal? Specifically, which factors govern the short- and long-term motion patterns and the overall dynamics of land-bound, plant-eating animals in general and ruminants in particular? To answer this question, we here study the movement dynamics of springbok antelopes Antidorcas marsupialis. We propose several complementary statistical-analysis techniques combined with machine-learning approaches to analyze—across multiple time scales—the springbok motion recorded in long-term GPS tracking of collared springboks at a private wildlife reserve in Namibia. As a result, we are able to predict the springbok movement within the next hour with a certainty of about 20%. The remaining about 80% are stochastic in nature and are induced by unaccounted factors in the modeling algorithm and by individual behavioral features of springboks. We find that directedness of motion contributes approximately 17% to this predicted fraction. We find that the measure for directedeness is strongly dependent on the daily cycle of springbok activity. The previously known daily affinity of springboks to their water points, as predicted from our machine-learning algorithm, overall accounts for only about 3% of this predicted deterministic component of springbok motion. Moreover, the resting points are found to affect the motion of springboks at least as much as the formally studied effects of water points. The generality of these statements for the motion patterns and their underlying behavioral reasons for other ruminants can be examined on the basis of our statistical-analysis tools in the future. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043129 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 5 IS - 4 PB - APS CY - College Park ER - TY - GEN A1 - Otieno, Melvine Anyango A1 - Moonga, Given A1 - Nidens, Nathalie A1 - Magero, Norah Vivian A1 - Jung, Laura T1 - Adapting to a changing environment: inspiration for planetary health from east African communities T2 - The lancet. Planetary health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00193-0 SN - 2542-5196 VL - 6 IS - 10 SP - E775 EP - E776 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knauer, Jan Felix A1 - Liers, Christiane A1 - Hahn, Stephanie A1 - Wuestenhagen, Doreen A. A1 - Zemella, Anne A1 - Kellner, Harald A1 - Haueis, Lisa A1 - Hofrichter, Martin A1 - Kubick, Stefan T1 - Cell-free production of the bifunctional glycoside hydrolase GH78 from Xylaria polymorpha JF - Enzyme and microbial technology : biotechnology research and reviews N2 - The ability to catalyze diverse reactions with relevance for chemical and pharmaceutical research and industry has led to an increasing interest in fungal enzymes. There is still an enormous potential considering the sheer amount of new enzymes from the huge diversity of fungi. Most of these fungal enzymes have not been characterized yet due to the lack of high throughput synthesis and analysis methods. This bottleneck could be overcome by means of cell-free protein synthesis. In this study, cell-free protein synthesis based on eukaryotic cell lysates was utilized to produce a functional glycoside hydrolase (GH78) from the soft-rot fungus Xylaria polymorpha (Ascomycota). The enzyme was successfully synthesized under different reaction conditions. We characterized its enzymatic activities and immobilized the protein via FLAG-Tag interaction. Alteration of several conditions including reaction temperature, template design and lysate supplementation had an influence on the activity of cell-free synthesized GH78. Consequently this led to a production of purified GH78 with a specific activity of 15.4 U mg? 1. The results of this study may be foundational for future high throughput fungal enzyme screenings, including substrate spectra analysis and mutant screenings. KW - rhamnosidase KW - esterase KW - Xylariales KW - cell-free protein synthesis KW - immobilization KW - template design Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110110 SN - 0141-0229 SN - 1879-0909 VL - 161 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baritello, Omar A1 - Stein, Hanna A1 - Wolff, Lara Luisa A1 - Hamann, Maria A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Salzwedel, Annett T1 - Effect of multicomponent rehabilitation on independence and functioning in elderly patients with common age-associated diseases BT - protocol for a scoping review (REHOLD) JF - BMJ open N2 - Introduction Elderly patients after hospitalisation for acute events on account of age-related diseases (eg, joint or heart valve replacement surgery) are often characterised by a remarkably reduced functional health. Multicomponent rehabilitation (MR) is considered an appropriate approach to restore the functioning of these patients. However, its efficacy in improving functioning-related outcomes such as care dependency, activities of daily living (ADL), physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQL) remains unclarified. We outline the research framework of a scoping review designed to map the available evidence of the effects of MR on the independence and functional capacity of elderly patients hospitalised for age-related diseases in four main medical specialties beyond geriatrics. Methods and analysis The biomedical databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ICTRP Search Platform, ClinicalTrials) and additionally Google Scholar will be systematically searched for studies comparing centre-based MR with usual care in patients ≥75 years of age, hospitalised for common acute events due to age-related diseases (eg, joint replacement, stroke) in one of the specialties of orthopaedics, oncology, cardiology or neurology. MR is defined as exercise training and at least one additional component (eg, nutritional counselling), starting within 3 months after hospital discharge. Randomised controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective controlled cohort studies will be included from inception and without language restriction. Studies investigating patients <75 years, other specialties (eg, geriatrics), rehabilitation definition or differently designed will be excluded. Care dependency after at least a 6-month follow-up is set as the primary outcome. Physical function, HRQL, ADL, rehospitalisation and mortality will be additionally considered. Data for each outcome will be summarised, stratified by specialty, study design and type of assessment. Furthermore, quality assessment of the included studies will be performed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and/or international congresses. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068722 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 13 IS - 5 PB - BMJ Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guillen, Rafael Arce A1 - Lindgren, Finn A1 - Muff, Stefanie A1 - Glass, Thomas W. A1 - Breed, Greg A. A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike T1 - Accounting for unobserved spatial variation in step selection analyses of animal movement via spatial random effects JF - Methods in ecology and evolution : MEE N2 - Step selection analysis (SSA) is a common framework for understanding animal movement and resource selection using telemetry data. Such data are, however, inherently autocorrelated in space, a complication that could impact SSA‐based inference if left unaddressed. Accounting for spatial correlation is standard statistical practice when analysing spatial data, and its importance is increasingly recognized in ecological models (e.g. species distribution models). Nonetheless, no framework yet exists to account for such correlation when analysing animal movement using SSA. Here, we extend the popular method integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) by including a Gaussian field (GF) in the linear predictor to account for spatial correlation. For this, we use the Bayesian framework R‐INLA and the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) technique. We show through a simulation study that our method provides accurate fixed effects estimates, quantifies their uncertainty well and improves the predictions. In addition, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method by applying it to three wolverine (Gulo gulo) tracks. Our method solves the problems of assuming spatially independent residuals in the SSA framework. In addition, it offers new possibilities for making long‐term predictions of habitat usage. KW - animal movement KW - habitat selection KW - inlabru KW - spatial statistics KW - step selection analysis KW - telemetry data Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14208 SN - 2041-210X VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - 2639 EP - 2653 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Villalba, Luis Alberto A1 - Kasada, Minoru A1 - Zoccarato, Luca A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Grossart, Hans Peter T1 - Differing escape responses of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of planktonic vs. surface-associated protist grazers JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example, some bacteria can use planktonic as well as surface-associated habitats, providing a potential escape mechanism to habitat-specific grazers. We investigated the escape response of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of either planktonic (nanoflagellate: Cafeteria roenbergensis) or surface-associated (amoeba: Vannella anglica) protist predators, following population dynamics over time. In the presence of V. anglica, M. adhaerens cell density increased in the water, but decreased on solid surfaces, indicating an escape response towards the planktonic habitat. In contrast, the planktonic predator C. roenbergensis induced bacterial escape to the surface habitat. While C. roenbergensis cell numbers dropped substantially after a sharp initial increase, V. anglica exhibited a slow, but constant growth throughout the entire experiment. In the presence of C. roenbergensis, M. adhaerens rapidly formed cell clumps in the water habitat, which likely prevented consumption of the planktonic M. adhaerens by the flagellate, resulting in a strong decline in the predator population. Our results indicate an active escape of M. adhaerens via phenotypic plasticity (i.e., behavioral and morphological changes) against predator ingestion. This study highlights the potentially important role of behavioral escape mechanisms for community composition and energy flow in pelagic environments, especially with globally rising particle loads in aquatic systems through human activities and extreme weather events. KW - pelagic environment KW - microbial loop KW - bacterial lifestyles KW - adaptive dynamics KW - inducible defense KW - habitat choice KW - predator-prey interactions KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - bacterial defensive mechanisms Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082 SN - 1661-6596 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kooten, Willemijn Sarah Maria Theresia van A1 - Del Papa, Cecilia E. A1 - Starck, Daniel A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - Cavalleri, Pablo A1 - Agueera, Maximiliano A1 - Schijndel, Valby van A1 - Glodny, Johannes T1 - Evidence of Jurassic extension in NW Argentina: characterization of fault-related strata at the Salta Group base using sandstone provenance and zircon U-Pb geochronology JF - Journal of South American earth sciences N2 - The present-day structure of the Eastern Cordillera in NW Argentina is governed by structural and lithological heterogeneities inherited from preceding deformation phases, which influence the localization of newly-formed faults and the inversion of pre-existing structures. The Salta Rift Basin formed during a Late Jurassic-Cretaceous extensional phase and created a dominant structural and stratigraphic imprint in NW Argentina that is partic-ularly evident within the Eastern Cordillera, where uplift and exhumation have exposed the Salta Group syn-rift succession. Although in general, the Salta Group rests upon Paleozoic rocks, locally the Tacuru Group forms an intermediate succession, consisting of interfingering eolian sandstones and proximal fault-related conglomerates with a Jurassic maximum depositional age. This succession might be the key to unraveling the Mesozoic history of NW Argentina, prior to the deposition of the Salta Group. The conglomerates represent the earliest deposits related to extension in the western Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin, which is also documented in predominantly Jurassic zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He cooling ages of the rift shoulders. The detrital zircon U-Pb age signature and sandstone provenance of the Tacuru Group conglomerates differs strongly from the Salta Group syn-rift strata, which show a more regional signal. These variations and the angularity of the unconformity may be connected to a rotation of the extension direction in the western Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin. KW - U-Pb zircon KW - provenance KW - Salta Rift KW - extension KW - Central Andes KW - Mesozoic Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104048 SN - 0895-9811 SN - 1873-0647 VL - 120 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patton, Annette I. A1 - Luna, Lisa A1 - Roering, Joshua J. A1 - Jacobs, Aaron A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Mirus, Benjamin B. T1 - Landslide initiation thresholds in data-sparse regions BT - application to landslide early warning criteria in Sitka, Alaska, USA JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS N2 - Probabilistic models to inform landslide early warning systems often rely on rainfall totals observed during past events with landslides. However, these models are generally developed for broad regions using large catalogs, with dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of landslide occurrences. This study evaluates strategies for training landslide forecasting models with a scanty record of landslide-triggering events, which is a typical limitation in remote, sparsely populated regions. We evaluate 136 statistical models trained on a precipitation dataset with five landslide-triggering precipitation events recorded near Sitka, Alaska, USA, as well as  6000 d of non-triggering rainfall (2002–2020). We also conduct extensive statistical evaluation for three primary purposes: (1) to select the best-fitting models, (2) to evaluate performance of the preferred models, and (3) to select and evaluate warning thresholds. We use Akaike, Bayesian, and leave-one-out information criteria to compare the 136 models, which are trained on different cumulative precipitation variables at time intervals ranging from 1 h to 2 weeks, using both frequentist and Bayesian methods to estimate the daily probability and intensity of potential landslide occurrence (logistic regression and Poisson regression). We evaluate the best-fit models using leave-one-out validation as well as by testing a subset of the data. Despite this sparse landslide inventory, we find that probabilistic models can effectively distinguish days with landslides from days without slide activity. Our statistical analyses show that 3 h precipitation totals are the best predictor of elevated landslide hazard, and adding antecedent precipitation (days to weeks) did not improve model performance. This relatively short timescale of precipitation combined with the limited role of antecedent conditions likely reflects the rapid draining of porous colluvial soils on the very steep hillslopes around Sitka. Although frequentist and Bayesian inferences produce similar estimates of landslide hazard, they do have different implications for use and interpretation: frequentist models are familiar and easy to implement, but Bayesian models capture the rare-events problem more explicitly and allow for better understanding of parameter uncertainty given the available data. We use the resulting estimates of daily landslide probability to establish two decision boundaries that define three levels of warning. With these decision boundaries, the frequentist logistic regression model incorporates National Weather Service quantitative precipitation forecasts into a real-time landslide early warning “dashboard” system (https://sitkalandslide.org/, last access: 9 October 2023). This dashboard provides accessible and data-driven situational awareness for community members and emergency managers. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3261-2023 SN - 1684-9981 SN - 1561-8633 VL - 23 IS - 10 SP - 3261 EP - 3284 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfau, Monika A1 - Veh, Georg A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang T1 - Cast shadows reveal changes in glacier surface elevation JF - The Cryosphere : TC N2 - Increased rates of glacier retreat and thinning need accurate local estimates of glacier elevation change to predict future changes in glacier runoff and their contribution to sea level rise. Glacier elevation change is typically derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) tied to surface change analysis from satellite imagery. Yet, the rugged topography in mountain regions can cast shadows onto glacier surfaces, making it difficult to detect local glacier elevation changes in remote areas. A rather untapped resource comprises precise, time-stamped metadata on the solar position and angle in satellite images. These data are useful for simulating shadows from a given DEM. Accordingly, any differences in shadow length between simulated and mapped shadows in satellite images could indicate a change in glacier elevation relative to the acquisition date of the DEM. We tested this hypothesis at five selected glaciers with long-term monitoring programmes. For each glacier, we projected cast shadows onto the glacier surface from freely available DEMs and compared simulated shadows to cast shadows mapped from ∼40 years of Landsat images. W validated the relative differences with geodetic measurements of glacier elevation change where these shadows occurred. We find that shadow-derived glacier elevation changes are consistent with independent photogrammetric and geodetic surveys in shaded areas. Accordingly, a shadow cast on Baltoro Glacier (the Karakoram, Pakistan) suggests no changes in elevation between 1987 and 2020, while shadows on Great Aletsch Glacier (Switzerland) point to negative thinning rates of about 1 m yr−1 in our sample. Our estimates of glacier elevation change are tied to occurrence of mountain shadows and may help complement field campaigns in regions that are difficult to access. This information can be vital to quantify possibly varying elevation-dependent changes in the accumulation or ablation zone of a given glacier. Shadow-based retrieval of glacier elevation changes hinges on the precision of the DEM as the geometry of ridges and peaks constrains the shadow that we cast on the glacier surface. Future generations of DEMs with higher resolution and accuracy will improve our method, enriching the toolbox for tracking historical glacier mass balances from satellite and aerial images. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3535-2023 SN - 1994-0424 SN - 1994-0416 VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 3535 EP - 3551 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lindsay, Richard J. A1 - Stelzl, Lukas S. A1 - Pietrek, Lisa A1 - Hummer, Gerhard A1 - Wigge, Philip Anthony A1 - Hanson, Sonya M. T1 - Helical region near poly-Q tract in prion-like domain of Arabidopsis ELF3 plays role in temperature-sensing mechanism T2 - Biophysical journal Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.964 SN - 0006-3495 SN - 1542-0086 VL - 121 IS - 3 SP - 355A EP - 356A PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Wei A1 - Balcerek, Michał A1 - Burnecki, Krzysztof A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei A1 - Janušonis, Skirmantas A1 - Ślęzak, Jakub A1 - Vojta, Thomas A1 - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Memory-multi-fractional Brownian motion with continuous correlations JF - Physical review research N2 - We propose a generalization of the widely used fractional Brownian motion (FBM), memory-multi-FBM (MMFBM), to describe viscoelastic or persistent anomalous diffusion with time-dependent memory exponent α(t ) in a changing environment. In MMFBM the built-in, long-range memory is continuously modulated by α(t ). We derive the essential statistical properties of MMFBM such as its response function, mean-squared displacement (MSD), autocovariance function, and Gaussian distribution. In contrast to existing forms of FBM with time-varying memory exponents but a reset memory structure, the instantaneous dynamic of MMFBM is influenced by the process history, e.g., we show that after a steplike change of α(t ) the scaling exponent of the MSD after the α step may be determined by the value of α(t ) before the change. MMFBM is a versatile and useful process for correlated physical systems with nonequilibrium initial conditions in a changing environment. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L032025 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 5 IS - 3 PB - APS CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dordevic, Milos A1 - Maile, Olga A1 - Das, Anustup A1 - Kundu, Sumit A1 - Haun, Carolin A1 - Baier, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - A comparison of immersive vs. non-immersive virtual reality exercises for the upper limb BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study with healthy participants JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal N2 - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows for a reliable assessment of oxygenated blood flow in relevant brain regions. Recent advancements in immersive virtual reality (VR)-based technology have generated many new possibilities for its application, such as in stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we asked whether there is a difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) within brain motor areas during hand/arm movements between immersive and non-immersive VR settings. Ten healthy young participants (24.3 ± 3.7, three females) were tested using a specially developed VR paradigm, called “bus riding”, whereby participants used their hand to steer a moving bus. Both immersive and non-immersive conditions stimulated brain regions controlling hand movements, namely motor cortex, but no significant differences in HbO2 could be found between the two conditions in any of the relevant brain regions. These results are to be interpreted with caution, as only ten participants were included in the study. KW - virtual reality KW - fNIRS KW - upper limb KW - immersive KW - hemoglobin Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185781 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 12 IS - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rezaei, Leila A1 - Timmerman, Martin Jan A1 - Moazzen, Mohssen A1 - Altenberger, Uwe A1 - Sláma, Jiří A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena A1 - Schleicher, Anja M. T1 - Mid-cretaceous extensional magmatism in the Alborz Mountains, north Iran BT - geochemistry and geochronology of Gasht-Masuleh gabbros JF - Swiss journal of geosciences N2 - In the Gasht-Masuleh area in the Alborz Mountains, gabbroic magma intruded Palaeozoic metasediments and Mesozoic sediments and crystallised as isotropic and cumulate gabbros. LREE enrichment points to relatively low degrees of mantle melting and depletion of Ti, Nb and Ta relative to primitive mantle points to an arc related component in the magma. Clinopyroxene compositions indicate MORB to arc signatures. U–Pb zircon crystallisation ages of 99.5 ± 0.6 Ma and 99.4 ± 0.6 Ma and phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 97.1 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.5 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.1 ± 0.1 Ma, within 2σ error, indicate that gabbro intrusion occurred in the (Albian-)Cenomanian (mid-Cretaceous). As active subduction did not take place in the Cretaceous in North Iran, the small volume mafic magmatism in the Gasht-Masuleh area must be due to local, extension-related mantle melting. Melting was most likely caused by far field effects triggered by roll-back of the Neo-Tethys subducting slab. As subduction took place at a distance of ~ 400 km (present distance) from the Alborz Mountains, the observed arc geochemical signatures must be inherited from a previous subduction event and concomitant mantle metasomatism, possibly in combination with contamination of the magma by crustal material. KW - gabbro KW - mid-cretaceous KW - extension KW - Gasht-Masuleh KW - Alborz Mountains KW - North Iran Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-023-00443-2 SN - 1661-8734 SN - 1661-8726 VL - 116 PB - Birkhäuser CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Gregor A1 - Goetzke, Gesa A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Feuer-Forson, Peter A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Meier, David A1 - Möller, Felix A1 - Ramirez, Luis Vera A1 - Gühr, Markus A1 - Tiedtke, Kai A1 - Viefhaus, Jens A1 - Braune, Markus T1 - Unsupervised real-world knowledge extraction via disentangled variational autoencoders for photon diagnostics JF - Scientific reports N2 - We present real-world data processing on measured electron time-of-flight data via neural networks. Specifically, the use of disentangled variational autoencoders on data from a diagnostic instrument for online wavelength monitoring at the free electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Without a-priori knowledge the network is able to find representations of single-shot FEL spectra, which have a low signal-to-noise ratio. This reveals, in a directly human-interpretable way, crucial information about the photon properties. The central photon energy and the intensity as well as very detector-specific features are identified. The network is also capable of data cleaning, i.e. denoising, as well as the removal of artefacts. In the reconstruction, this allows for identification of signatures with very low intensity which are hardly recognisable in the raw data. In this particular case, the network enhances the quality of the diagnostic analysis at FLASH. However, this unsupervised method also has the potential to improve the analysis of other similar types of spectroscopy data. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25249-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krämer, Kai Hauke A1 - Hellmann, Frank A1 - Anvari, Mehrnaz A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Marwan, Norbert T1 - Spike spectra for recurrences JF - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies N2 - In recurrence analysis, the tau-recurrence rate encodes the periods of the cycles of the underlying high-dimensional time series. It, thus, plays a similar role to the autocorrelation for scalar time-series in encoding temporal correlations. However, its Fourier decomposition does not have a clean interpretation. Thus, there is no satisfactory analogue to the power spectrum in recurrence analysis. We introduce a novel method to decompose the tau-recurrence rate using an over-complete basis of Dirac combs together with sparsity regularization. We show that this decomposition, the inter-spike spectrum, naturally provides an analogue to the power spectrum for recurrence analysis in the sense that it reveals the dominant periodicities of the underlying time series. We show that the inter-spike spectrum correctly identifies patterns and transitions in the underlying system in a wide variety of examples and is robust to measurement noise. KW - decomposition KW - frequency analysis KW - recurrence analysis KW - bifurcations Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111689 SN - 1099-4300 VL - 24 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Holl, Anna K. A1 - Trommler, Denny A1 - Schmitt, Manfred J. T1 - Responses toward injustice shaped by justice sensitivity - evidence from Germany JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim's, observer's, beneficiary's, and perpetrator's perspectives, and several control variables. Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice. It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective. These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being. KW - justice sensitivity KW - anger KW - sadness KW - helplessness KW - social withdrawal Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858291 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrich, Annett A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore T1 - Influenza a virus infection alters lipid packing and surface electrostatic potential of the host plasma membrane JF - Viruses N2 - The pathogenesis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is influenced by several factors, including IAV strain origin and reassortment, tissue tropism and host type. While such factors were mostly investigated in the context of virus entry, fusion and replication, little is known about the viral-induced changes to the host lipid membranes which might be relevant in the context of virion assembly. In this work, we applied several biophysical fluorescence microscope techniques (i.e., Förster energy resonance transfer, generalized polarization imaging and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) to quantify the effect of infection by two IAV strains of different origin on the plasma membrane (PM) of avian and human cell lines. We found that IAV infection affects the membrane charge of the inner leaflet of the PM. Moreover, we showed that IAV infection impacts lipid–lipid interactions by decreasing membrane fluidity and increasing lipid packing. Because of such alterations, diffusive dynamics of membrane-associated proteins are hindered. Taken together, our results indicate that the infection of avian and human cell lines with IAV strains of different origins had similar effects on the biophysical properties of the PM. KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - spectral imaging KW - quantitative microscopy KW - fluorescence correlation spectroscopy KW - fluorescence resonance energy transfer KW - biosensors KW - plasma membrane KW - membrane fluidity KW - lipid packing KW - influenza A virus Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091830 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 15 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haltaufderheide, Joschka A1 - Lucht, Annika A1 - Strünck, Christoph A1 - Vollmann, Jochen T1 - Increasing efficiency and well-being? BT - a systematic review of the empirical claims of the double-benefit argument in socially assistive devices JF - BMC medical ethics N2 - Background: Socially assistive devices (care robots, companions, smart screen assistants) have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. One of the most prevalent arguments in the debate is the double-benefit argument claiming that socially assistive devices may not only provide benefits for autonomy and well-being of their users but might also be more efficient than other caring practices and might help to mitigate scarce resources in healthcare. Against this background, we used a subset of comparative empirical studies from a comprehensive systematic review on effects and perceptions of human-machine interaction with socially assistive devices to gather and appraise all available evidence supporting this argument from the empirical side. Methods: Electronic databases and additional sources were queried using a comprehensive search strategy which generated 9851 records. Studies were screened independently by two authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For 39 reports using a comparative study design, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: The data shows positive evidential support to claim that some socially assistive devices (Paro) might be able to contribute to the well-being and autonomy of their users. However, results also indicate that these positive findings may be heavily dependent on the context of use and the population. In addition, we found evidence that socially assistive devices can have negative effects on certain populations. Evidence regarding the claim of efficiency is scarce. Existing results indicate that socially assistive devices can be more effective than standard of care but are far less effective than plush toys or placebo devices. Discussion: We suggest using the double-benefit argument with great caution as it is not supported by the currently available evidence. The occurrence of potentially negative effects of socially assistive devices requires more research and indicates a more complex ethical calculus than suggested by the double-benefit argument. KW - health care technology KW - health services for the aged KW - medical ethics KW - systematic review KW - socially assistive devices KW - care robots KW - autonomy KW - well-being Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00984-z SN - 1472-6939 VL - 24 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Jinde A1 - Xing, Yifan A1 - Shen, Zichao A1 - Zhu, Yuanwei A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Lu, Guanghao T1 - Infrared spectroscopy depth profiling of organic thin films JF - Materials horizons N2 - Organic thin films are widely used in organic electronics and coatings. Such films often feature film-depth dependent variations of composition and optoelectronic properties. State-of-the-art depth profiling methods such as mass spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy rely on non-intrinsic species (vaporized ions, etching-induced surface defects), which are chemically and functionally different from the original materials. Here we introduce an easily-accessible and generally applicable depth profiling method: film-depth-dependent infrared (FDD-IR) spectroscopy profilometry based on directly measuring the intrinsic material after incremental surface-selective etching by a soft plasma, to study the material variations along the surface-normal direction. This depth profiling uses characteristic vibrational signatures of the involved compounds, and can be used for both conjugated and non-conjugated, neutral and ionic materials. A film-depth resolution of one nanometer is achieved. We demonstrate the application of this method for investigation of device-relevant thin films, including organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic cells, as well as ionized dopant distributions in doped semiconductors. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0mh02047h SN - 2051-6347 SN - 2051-6355 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 1461 EP - 1471 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bocedi, Greta A1 - Palmer, Stephen C. F. A1 - Malchow, Anne-Kathleen A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Watts, Kevin A1 - Travis, Justin M. J. T1 - RangeShifter 2.0 BT - an extended and enhanced platform for modelling environmental changes JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos N2 - Process-based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species are likely to respond to environmental changes and to potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been used to address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, understanding patterns of range expansion and assessing population viability of species across complex landscapes. Here we introduce a new version, RangeShifter 2.0, which incorporates important new functionality. It is now possible to simulate dynamics over user-specified, temporally changing landscapes. Additionally, we integrated a new genetic module, notably introducing an explicit genetic modelling architecture, which allows for simulation of neutral and adaptive genetic processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer and settlement traits can now all evolve, allowing for sophisticated simulation of the evolution of dispersal. We illustrate the potential application of RangeShifter 2.0's new functionality by two examples. The first illustrates the range expansion of a virtual species across a dynamically changing UK landscape. The second demonstrates how the software can be used to explore the concept of evolving connectivity in response to land-use modification, by examining how movement rules come under selection over landscapes of different structure and composition. RangeShifter 2.0 is built using object-oriented C++ providing computationally efficient simulation of complex individual-based, eco-evolutionary models. The code has been redeveloped to enable use across operating systems, including on high performance computing clusters, and the Windows graphical user interface has been enhanced. RangeShifter 2.0 will facilitate the development of in-silico assessments of how species will respond to environmental changes and to potential management options for conserving or controlling them. By making the code available open source, we hope to inspire further collaborations and extensions by the ecological community. KW - animal movement KW - connectivity KW - distribution modelling KW - dynamic KW - landscapes KW - individual-based modelling KW - population viability KW - process-based modelling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05687 SN - 0906-7590 SN - 1600-0587 VL - 44 IS - 10 SP - 1453 EP - 1462 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Machin, Laura A1 - Piontek, Martin A1 - Todhe, Sara A1 - Staniek, Katrin A1 - Monzote, Lianet A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Linker, Torsten A1 - Gille, Lars T1 - Antileishmanial anthracene endoperoxides: efficacy in vitro, mechanisms and structure-activity relationships JF - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry N2 - Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoal Leishmania parasites. Previous studies have shown that endoperoxides (EP) can selectively kill Leishmania in host cells. Therefore, we studied in this work a set of new anthracene-derived EP (AcEP) together with their non-endoperoxidic analogs in model systems of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) and J774 macrophages for their antileishmanial activity and selectivity. The mechanism of effective compounds was explored by studying their reaction with iron (II) in chemical systems and in Leishmania. The correlation of structural parameters with activity demonstrated that in this compound set, active compounds had a LogP(OW) larger than 3.5 and a polar surface area smaller than 100 angstrom(2). The most effective compounds (IC50 in LtP < 2 mu M) with the highest selectivity (SI > 30) were pyridyl-/tert-butyl-substituted AcEP. Interestingly, also their analogs demonstrated activity and selectivity. In mechanistic studies, it was shown that EP were activated by iron in chemical systems and in LtP due to their EP group. However, the molecular structure beyond the EP group significantly contributed to their differential mitochondrial inhibition in Leishmania. The identified compound pairs are a good starting point for subsequent experiments in pathogenic Leishmania in vitro and in animal models. KW - endoperoxides KW - Leishmania KW - radicals KW - iron KW - anthracene KW - electron paramagnetic resonance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206846 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braune, S. A1 - Baeckemo, J. A1 - Lau, S. A1 - Heuchel, M. A1 - Kratz, K. A1 - Jung, F. A1 - Reinthaler, M. A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - The influence of different rewetting procedures on the thrombogenicity of nanoporous poly(ether imide) microparticles JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - Nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) are discussed as candidate adsorber materials for the removal of uremic toxins during apheresis. Polymers exhibiting such porosity can induce the formation of micro-gas/air pockets when exposed to fluids. Such air presenting material surfaces are reported to induce platelet activation and thrombus formation. Physical or chemical treatments prior to implantation are discussed to reduce the formation of such gas nuclei. Here, we report about the influence of different rewetting procedures - as chemical treatments with solvents on the thrombogenicity of hydrophobic PEI microparticles and PEI microparticles hydrophilized by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different chain lengths.
Autoclaved dry PEI particles of all types with a diameter range of 200 - 250 mu m and a porosity of about 84%+/- 2% were either rewetted directly with phosphate buffered saline (24 h) or after immersion in an ethanol-series. Thrombogenicity of the particles was studied in vitro upon contact with human sodium citrated whole blood for 60 min at 5 rpm vertical rotation. Numbers of non-adherent platelets were quantified, and adhesion of blood cells was qualitatively analyzed by bright field microscopy. Platelet activation (percentage of CD62P positive platelets and amounts of soluble P-Selectin) and platelet function (PFA100 closure times) were analysed.
Retention of blood platelets on the particles was similar for all particle types and both rewetting procedures. Non-adherent platelets were less activated after contact with ethanol-treated particles of all types compared to those rewetted with phosphate buffered saline as assessed by a reduced number of CD62P-positive platelets and reduced amounts of secreted P-Selectin (P < 0.05 each). Interestingly, the hydrophilic surfaces significantly increased the number of activated platelets compared to hydrophobic PEI regardless of the rewetting agent. This suggests that, apart from wettability, other material properties might be more important to regulate platelet activation. PFA100 closure times were reduced and within the reference ranges in the ethanol group, however, significantly increased in the saline group. No substantial difference was detected between the tested surface modifications. In summary, rewetting with ethanol resulted in a reduced thrombogenicity of all studied microparticles regardless of their wettability, most likely resulting from the evacuation of air from the nanoporous particles. KW - biomaterial KW - polymer KW - microparticle KW - thrombogenicity KW - hemocompatibility KW - dynamic in-vitro test KW - rewetting Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201029 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 367 EP - 380 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, Tim A1 - Hinderer, Tanja A1 - Samajdar, Anuradha T1 - Interpreting binary neutron star mergers BT - describing the binary neutron star dynamics, modelling gravitational waveforms, and analyzing detections JF - General relativity and gravitation : GRG journal N2 - Gravitational waves emitted from the coalescence of neutron star binaries open a new window to probe matter and fundamental physics in unexplored, extreme regimes. To extract information about the supranuclear matter inside neutron stars and the properties of the compact binary systems, robust theoretical prescriptions are required. We give an overview about general features of the dynamics and the gravitational wave signal during the binary neutron star coalescence. We briefly describe existing analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the highly dynamical, strong-field region during the merger. We review existing waveform approximants and discuss properties and possible advantages and shortcomings of individual waveform models, and their application for real gravitational-wave data analysis. KW - gravitational waves KW - neutron stars KW - equation of state KW - tidal effects Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-020-02751-6 SN - 0001-7701 SN - 1572-9532 VL - 53 IS - 3 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Groth, Detlef T1 - Winner-loser effects improve social network efficiency between competitors with equal resource holding power JF - Scientific reports N2 - Animal societies are structured of dominance hierarchy (DH). DH can be viewed as networks and analyzed by graph theory. We study the impact of state-dependent feedback (winner-loser effect) on the emergence of local dominance structures after pairwise contests between initially equal-ranking members (equal resource-holding-power, RHP) of small and large social groups. We simulated pairwise agonistic contests between individuals with and without a priori higher RHP by Monte-Carlo-method. Random pairwise contests between equal-ranking competitors result in random dominance structures (‘Null variant’) that are low in transitive triads and high in pass along triads; whereas state-dependent feedback (‘Winner-loser variant’) yields centralized ‘star’ structured DH that evolve from competitors with initially equal RHP and correspond to hierarchies that evolve from keystone individuals. Monte-Carlo simulated DH following state-dependent feedback show motif patterns very similar to those of a variety of natural DH, suggesting that state-dependent feedback plays a pivotal role in robust self-organizing phenomena that transcend the specifics of the individual. Self-organization based on state-dependent feedback leads to social structures that correspond to those resulting from pre-existing keystone individuals. As the efficiency of centralized social networks benefits both, the individual and the group, centralization of social networks appears to be an important evolutionary goal. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41225-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farrokhzadeh, Abdolkarim A1 - Modarresi-Alam, Ali Reza A1 - Akher, Farideh Badichi A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe T1 - Investigation of the unusually high rotational energy barrier about the C-N bond in 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides BT - insights from dynamic H-1-NMR and DFT calculations JF - Journal of molecular structure N2 - In this study, the synthesis of new 5 (2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides (X = H and Cl) is reported coupled with the investigation of their dynamic H-1-NMR via rotation about C-N bonds in the moiety of urea group [a; CO-NMe2] in DMSO solvent (298-373 K). Accordingly, activation free energies of 17.32 and 17.50 kcal mol(-1) were obtained for X = H and Cl respectively, with respect to the conformational isomerization about the Me2N-C=O bond (a rotation). Moreover, a and b [b; 2-tetrazolyl-CO rotations] barrier to rotations in 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides were also calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G** procedure. The optimized geometry parameters are well consistent with the X-ray data. Computed rotational energy barriers (X = Cl) for a and b were estimated to be 17.52 and 2.53 kcal mol(-1), respectively, the former in agreement with the dynamic NMR results. X-ray structures verify that just 2-acylated tetrazoles are formed in the case of 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides. A planar trigonal orientation of the Me2N group was proven by X-ray data, which is coplanar to the carbonyl group, coupled with partial double bond C-N character. This also illustrates the syn-periplanar position of the tetrazolyl ring with C=O group. In solution, the planes containing tetrazolyl ring and the carbonyl bond are almost perpendicular to each other (because of steric effects as confirmed by calculations) while the planes containing carbonyl bond and Me2N group are coplanar. This phenomenon is in contrast with similar urea derivatives and explains the reason for the unusually high rotational energy barrier of these compounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - carbamoyl tetrazoles KW - barrier to rotation about C-N bond KW - dynamic KW - H-1-NMR KW - quantum mechanical calculations KW - X-ray structures Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129363 SN - 0022-2860 SN - 1872-8014 VL - 1226 IS - Part B PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konak, Orhan A1 - Döring, Valentin A1 - Fiedler, Tobias A1 - Liebe, Lucas A1 - Masopust, Leander A1 - Postnov, Kirill A1 - Sauerwald, Franz A1 - Treykorn, Felix A1 - Wischmann, Alexander A1 - Kalabakov, Stefan A1 - Gjoreski, Hristijan A1 - Luštrek, Mitja A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - SONAR BT - a nursing activity dataset with inertial sensors JF - Scientific data N2 - Accurate and comprehensive nursing documentation is essential to ensure quality patient care. To streamline this process, we present SONAR, a publicly available dataset of nursing activities recorded using inertial sensors in a nursing home. The dataset includes 14 sensor streams, such as acceleration and angular velocity, and 23 activities recorded by 14 caregivers using five sensors for 61.7 hours. The caregivers wore the sensors as they performed their daily tasks, allowing for continuous monitoring of their activities. We additionally provide machine learning models that recognize the nursing activities given the sensor data. In particular, we present benchmarks for three deep learning model architectures and evaluate their performance using different metrics and sensor locations. Our dataset, which can be used for research on sensor-based human activity recognition in real-world settings, has the potential to improve nursing care by providing valuable insights that can identify areas for improvement, facilitate accurate documentation, and tailor care to specific patient conditions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02620-2 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruppa, Philipp A1 - Georgiou, Iakovos A1 - Schmidt, Jeremias A1 - Infanger, Manfred A1 - Ghods, Mojtaba T1 - A 10-year retrospective before-and-after study of lipedema surgery: patient-reported lipedema-associated symptom improvement after multistage liposuction JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery N2 - Background: Despite an increasing demand for surgical treatment of lipedema, the evidence for liposuction is still limited. Little is known about the influence of disease stage, patient age, body mass index, or existing comorbidities on clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that younger patients with lower body mass index and stage would report better results. Methods: This retrospective, single-center, noncomparative study included lipedema patients who underwent liposuction between July of 2009 and July of 2019. After a minimum of 6 months since the last surgery, all patients completed a disease-related questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the need for complex decongestive therapy based on a composite score. Secondary endpoints were the severity of disease-related complaints measured on a visual analogue scale. Results: One hundred six patients underwent a total of 298 large-volume liposuctions (mean lipoaspirate, 6355 +/- 2797 ml). After a median follow-up of 20 months, a median complex decongestive therapy score reduction of 37.5 percent (interquartile range, 0 to 88.8 percent; p < 0.0001) was observed. An improvement in lipedema-associated symptoms was also observed (p < 0.0001). The percentage reduction in complex decongestive therapy scores was greater in patients with a body mass index less than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) (p < 0.0001) and in stage I and II patients (p = 0.0019). Conclusion: Liposuction reduces the severity of symptoms and the need for conservative treatment in lipedema patients, especially if it is performed in patients with a body mass index below 35 kg/m(2) at an early stage of the disease. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008880 SN - 0032-1052 SN - 1529-4242 VL - 149 IS - 3 SP - 529E EP - 541E PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perez-Consuegra, Nicolas A1 - Hoke, Gregory D. A1 - Fitzgerald, P. A1 - Mora, Andres A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - Glodny, Johannes T1 - Late Miocene-Pliocene onset of fluvial incision of the Cauca River Canyon in the Northern Andes JF - The Geological Society of America bulletin N2 - The incision of kilometer-scale canyons into high-standing topography is often used to constrain the surface uplift history of mountain ranges, controlled by tectonic and geodynamic processes. However, changes in climate may also be responsible for canyon incision. This study deciphers the timing of incision of the similar to 2.5-km-deep Cauca River Canyon in the Central Cordillera of the Northern Andes using the cooling (exhumation) history of rocks from the canyon walls and a regional analysis of channel steepness in rivers. Ten bedrock samples and one detrital sample were collected on the eastern border of the canyon between 300 m and 2300 m of elevation. Bedrock and detrital AFT data yield ages from 50 to 38 Ma, while two bed-rock AHe ages from the valley bottom yield ages of 7-6 Ma. The AHe ages and inverse thermal history models reveal a previously unidentified late Miocene (ca. 7-6 Ma) pulse of exhumation that we interpret as the age of a single incision event that formed the Cauca River Canyon. We conclude that the Cauca River Canyon was carved as a response to rock uplift in the northern Central Cordillera and propagation of an erosion wave into the mountain range starting in the latest Miocene. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B36047.1 SN - 0016-7606 SN - 1943-2674 VL - 134 IS - 9-10 SP - 2453 EP - 2468 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergholz, Kolja A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina A1 - Weiss, Anne-Marie A1 - Brunkhardt, Jennifer A1 - Ristow, Michael A1 - Weiß, Lina T1 - Niche differentiation of arthropods and plants along small-scale gradients in temporary wetlands (kettle holes) JF - Basic and applied ecology : journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - Small temporary wetlands, like kettle holes, provide many valuable ecosystem functions and serve as refuge habitats in otherwise monotonous agricultural landscapes. However, the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity in these habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how three taxa (vascular plants, ground beetles and spiders) respond to small-scale flooding and disturbance gradients in kettle holes as well as kettle hole area. For this purpose, we determined total, hygrophilic and red list species richness for all taxa and activity density for arthropods along transects extending from the edge towards the center of kettle holes. Furthermore, we calculated the community-weighted mean body size for arthropods and seed mass for plants as surrogates for the ability to respond to disturbance. Our analyses revealed that in particular plants and ground beetles showed strong responses along the small-scale spatial gradient. Total plant species richness decreased towards the center, while hygrophilic plant species increased. In contrast, both total and hygrophilic species richness of ground beetles increased towards the center. Spiders showed similar responses as ground beetles, but less pronounced. We found no evidence that disturbance at the edge of kettle holes leads to smaller body sizes or seed masses. However, arthropods in adjacent arable fields (one meter from the kettle hole edge) were particularly small. Kettle hole area had only weak effects on plants, but not on arthropods. Our study indicates that differences in the depth at the drier edge and the moist, regularly flooded center have a large and taxon-dependent influence on the species composition. Therefore, small-scale heterogeneity seems to be an important predictor for the maintenance of species diversity. KW - Carabidae KW - Biodiversity KW - Body length KW - Potholes KW - Pond KW - Vernal pool KW - Land-use intensification KW - Drainage KW - Plant functional trait Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003 SN - 1439-1791 SN - 1618-0089 VL - 73 SP - 10 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Hemant A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Changing the electron acceptor specificity of rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase from NAD+ to NADP+ JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Formate dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. These enzymes play an important role in CO2 reduction and serve as nicotinamide cofactor recycling enzymes. More recently, the CO2-reducing activity of formate dehydrogenases, especially metal-containing formate dehydrogenases, has been further explored for efficient atmospheric CO2 capture. Here, we investigate the nicotinamide binding site of formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus for its specificity toward NAD+ vs. NADP+ reduction. Starting from the NAD+-specific wild-type RcFDH, key residues were exchanged to enable NADP+ binding on the basis of the NAD+-bound cryo-EM structure (PDB-ID: 6TG9). It has been observed that the lysine at position 157 (Lys157) in the β-subunit of the enzyme is essential for the binding of NAD+. RcFDH variants that had Glu259 exchanged for either a positively charged or uncharged amino acid had additional activity with NADP+. The FdsBL279R and FdsBK276A variants also showed activity with NADP+. Kinetic parameters for all the variants were determined and tested for activity in CO2 reduction. The variants were able to reduce CO2 using NADPH as an electron donor in a coupled assay with phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH), which regenerates NADPH. This makes the enzyme suitable for applications where it can be coupled with other enzymes that use NADPH. KW - molybdoenzymes KW - changing cofactor specificity KW - formate dehyrogenases KW - enzyme engineering Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216067 SN - 1422-0067 SN - 1661-6596 VL - 24 IS - 22 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wittek, Laura A1 - Touma, Chadi A1 - Nitezki, Tina A1 - Laeger, Thomas A1 - Krämer, Stephanie A1 - Raila, Jens T1 - Reduction in cold stress in an innovative metabolic cage housing system increases animal welfare in laboratory mice JF - Animals N2 - Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females—1st restraint: −6.94%; 2nd restraint: −6.89%; males—1st restraint: −8.08%; 2nd restraint: −5.82%) compared to the TMC (females—1st restraint: −13.2%; 2nd restraint: −15.0%; males—1st restraint: −13.1%; 2nd restraint: −14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females—1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females—1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females—1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females—1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata. KW - metabolic cage KW - laboratory mice KW - refinement KW - animal welfare Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182866 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 13 IS - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Wilke, Heinrich T1 - The order of destruction BT - monoculture in colonial Caribbean literature, c. 1640-1800 T2 - Transdisciplinary souths N2 - This book studies sugarcane monoculture, the dominant form of cultivation in the colonial Caribbean, in the later 1600s and 1700s up to the Haitian Revolution. Researching travel literature, plantation manuals, Georgic poetry, letters, and political proclamations, this book interprets texts by Richard Ligon, Henry Drax, James Grainger, Janet Schaw, and Toussaint Louverture. As the first extended investigation into its topic, this book reads colonial Caribbean monoculture as the conjunction of racial capitalism and agrarian capitalism in the tropics. Its eco-Marxist perspective highlights the dual exploitation of the soil and of enslaved agricultural producers under the plantation regime, thereby extending Marxist analysis to the early colonial Caribbean. By focusing on textual form (in literary and non-literary texts alike), this study discloses the bearing of monoculture on contemporary writers' thoughts. In the process, it emphasizes the significance of a literary tradition that, despite its ideological importance, is frequently neglected in (postcolonial) literary studies and the environmental humanities. Located at a crossroads of disciplines and perspectives, this study will be of interest to literary critics and historians working in the early Americas, to students and scholars of agriculture, colonialism, and (racial) capitalism, to those working in the environmental humanities, and to Marxist academics. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of language and literature, post-colonial studies, cultural studies, diaspora studies, and the Global South studies Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-032-51416-1 SN - 978-1-003-46593-5 SN - 978-1-003-78128-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003465935 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero, Marina Martínez A1 - Crucifix, Michel A1 - Couplet, Victor A1 - Brede, Nuria A1 - Botta, Nicola T1 - SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise JF - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - We present SURFER, a novel reduced model for estimating the impact of CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification options on sea level rise and ocean acidification over timescales of several thousands of years. SURFER has been designed for the analysis of CO2 emission and solar radiation modification policies, for supporting the computation of optimal (CO2 emission and solar radiation modification) policies and for the study of commitment and responsibility under uncertainty. The model is based on a combination of conservation laws for the masses of atmospheric and oceanic carbon and for the oceanic temperature anomalies, and of adhoc parameterisations for the different sea level rise contributors: ice sheets, glaciers and ocean thermal expansion. It consists of 9 loosely coupled ordinary differential equations, is understandable, fast and easy to modify and calibrate. It reproduces the results of more sophisticated, high-dimensional earth system models on timescales up to millennia. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8059-2022 SN - 1991-959X SN - 1991-9603 VL - 15 IS - 21 SP - 8059 EP - 8084 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoncini, Monica A1 - Höhl, Stefanie A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Wallot, Sebastian A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi T1 - Mother-infant social gaze dynamics relate to infant brain activity and word segmentation JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - The ‘social brain’, consisting of areas sensitive to social information, supposedly gates the mechanisms involved in human language learning. Early preverbal interactions are guided by ostensive signals, such as gaze patterns, which are coordinated across body, brain, and environment. However, little is known about how the infant brain processes social gaze in naturalistic interactions and how this relates to infant language development. During free-play of 9-month-olds with their mothers, we recorded hemodynamic cortical activity of ´social brain` areas (prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal junctions) via fNIRS, and micro-coded mother’s and infant’s social gaze. Infants’ speech processing was assessed with a word segmentation task. Using joint recurrence quantification analysis, we examined the connection between infants’ ´social brain` activity and the temporal dynamics of social gaze at intrapersonal (i.e., infant’s coordination, maternal coordination) and interpersonal (i.e., dyadic coupling) levels. Regression modeling revealed that intrapersonal dynamics in maternal social gaze (but not infant’s coordination or dyadic coupling) coordinated significantly with infant’s cortical activity. Moreover, recurrence quantification analysis revealed that intrapersonal maternal social gaze dynamics (in terms of entropy) were the best predictor of infants’ word segmentation. The findings support the importance of social interaction in language development, particularly highlighting maternal social gaze dynamics. KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy KW - infant word segmentation KW - social gaze KW - mother-infant interactions KW - entropy KW - recurrence quantification analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101331 SN - 1878-9293 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Wamwanduka, Leo T1 - Examining the translation of gender norms in Southern Africa BT - the case of convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) translation by Zimbabwe's Public Sector to Address Violence Against Women (VAW) Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gladkaya, Margarita T1 - Essays on the digitization of the individual BT - affordances, use patterns, outcomes Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laun, Konstantin A1 - Duffus, Benjamin R. A1 - Kumar, Hemant A1 - Oudsen, Jean-Pierre H. A1 - Karafoulidi-Retsou, Chara A1 - Waffo, Armel Tadjoung A1 - Hildebrandt, Peter A1 - Ly, Khoa Hoang A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Katz, Sagie A1 - Zebger, Ingo T1 - A minimal light-driven system to study the enzymatic CO2 reduction of formate dehydrogenase JF - ChemCatChem : the European Society Journal for Catalysis N2 - A minimal light-driven approach was established for studying enzymatic CO2 conversion spectroscopically. The system consists of a photosensitizer Eosin Y, EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor and substrate source, and formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcFDH) as a biocatalyst. This simplified three-component system provides a photo-triggered control for in situ characterization of the entire catalytic reaction. Direct reduction of RcFDH by the photosensitizer without additional electron carriers was confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, while GC-MS and IR spectroscopy were used to follow photoinduced CO2 generation from EDTA and its subsequent enzymatic reduction, yielding the product formate. Photo-driven and in vitro, dye-based CO2 reduction was inhibited by azide under a mixed (competitive-non-competitive) inhibition mode. IR spectroscopy reveals displacement of the competitively-bound azide by CO2, reflecting an interaction of both with the active site cofactor. This work comprises a proof-of-concept for a new approach to employ light for regulating the reaction of formate dehydrogenases and other CO2 reductases. KW - CO2 reduction KW - EDTA KW - IR spectroscopy KW - molybdoenzyme KW - photosensitizer Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202201067 SN - 1867-3880 SN - 1867-3899 VL - 14 IS - 24 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bogin, Barry A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story of human body size JF - Journal of physiological anthropology N2 - Carl Bergmann was an astute naturalist and physiologist. His ideas about animal size and shape were important advances in the pre-Darwinian nineteenth century. Bergmann's rule claims that that in cold climates, large body mass increases the ratio of volume-to-surface area and provides for maximum metabolic heat retention in mammals and birds. Conversely, in warmer temperatures, smaller body mass increases surface area relative to volume and allows for greater heat loss. For humans, we now know that body size and shape are regulated more by social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) factors as well as nutrition-infection interactions. Temperature has virtually no effect. Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story and should be relegated to teaching and scholarship about the history of science. That "rule" is no longer acceptable science and has nothing to tell us about physiological anthropology. KW - Developmental plasticity KW - SEPE KW - Body size KW - Body shape Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00287-z SN - 1880-6805 VL - 41 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Kurbanoglu, Sevinc T1 - Molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for SARS-CoV-2 BT - where are we now? JF - Biomimetics N2 - Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in 2019 in China and the official declaration from the World Health Organization in March 2021 as a pandemic, fast and accurate diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has played a major role worldwide. For this reason, various methods have been developed, comprising reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoassays, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and bio(mimetic)sensors. Among the developed methods, RT-PCR is so far the gold standard. Herein, we give an overview of the MIP-based sensors utilized since the beginning of the pandemic. KW - molecularly imprinted polymers KW - biomimetic sensors KW - SARS-CoV-2 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020058 SN - 2313-7673 VL - 7 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitzscherling, Julia A1 - MacLean, Joana A1 - Lipus, Daniel A1 - Bartholomäus, Alexander A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Lipski, Andre A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Wagner, Dirk T1 - Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov., a novel species of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from plastic waste JF - International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology N2 - Strain NGK35T is a motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped (1.0-2.1 mu m long and 0.6-0.8 mu m wide), aerobic bacterium that was isolated from plastic-polluted landfill soil. The strain grew at temperatures between 6 and 37 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C), in 0-10 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.5). It was positive for cytochrome c oxidase, catalase as well as H2S production, and hydrolysed casein and urea. It used a variety of different carbon sources including citrate, lactate and pyruvate. The predominant membrane fatty acids were C-16:1 cis9 and C-16:0, followed by C-17:0 cyclo and C-18:1 cis11. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by diphosphatidyglycerol. The only quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGK35(T) belongs to the genus Paenalcaligenes (family Alcaligenaceae), appearing most closely related to Paenalcaligenes hominis CCUG 53761A(T) (96.90 %) and Paenalcaligenes suwonensis ABC02-12(T) (96.94 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NGK35(T) was 52.1 mol%. Genome-based calculations (genome-to-genome distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA G+C content) clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Paenalcaligenes. Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization, strain NGK35(T) can clearly be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours establishing a novel species, for which the name Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NGK35T (=DSM 113270(T)=NCCB 100854(T)). Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005333 SN - 1466-5026 SN - 1466-5034 VL - 72 IS - 4 PB - Microbiology Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Middelanis, Robin A1 - Willner, Sven N. A1 - Otto, Christian A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Economic losses from hurricanes cannot be nationally offset under unabated warming JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Tropical cyclones range among the costliest of all meteorological events worldwide and planetary scale warming provides more energy and moisture to these storms. Modelling the national and global economic repercussions of 2017's Hurricane Harvey, we find a qualitative change in the global economic response in an increasingly warmer world. While the United States were able to balance regional production failures by the original 2017 hurricane, this option becomes less viable under future warming. In our simulations of over 7000 regional economic sectors with more than 1.8 million supply chain connections, the US are not able to offset the losses by use of national efforts with intensifying hurricanes under unabated warming. At a certain warming level other countries have to step in to supply the necessary goods for production, which gives US economic sectors a competitive disadvantage. In the highly localized mining and quarrying sector-which here also comprises the oil and gas production industry-this disadvantage emerges already with the original Hurricane Harvey and intensifies under warming. Eventually, also other regions reach their limit of what they can offset. While we chose the example of a specific hurricane impacting a specific region, the mechanism is likely applicable to other climate-related events in other regions and other sectors. It is thus likely that the regional economic sectors that are best adapted to climate change gain significant advantage over their competitors under future warming. KW - natural disasters KW - supply chains KW - higher-order impacts KW - Hurricane Harvey KW - tropical cyclones KW - extreme weather impacts Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac90d8 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 10 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlitzki, Marc A1 - Acar, Laura A1 - Masanneck, Lars A1 - Willison, Alice A1 - Regner-Nelke, Liesa A1 - Nelke, Christopher A1 - L'hoest, Helmut A1 - Marschall, Ursula A1 - Schmidt, Jens A1 - Meuth, Sven G. A1 - Ruck, Tobias T1 - Myositis in Germany: epidemiological insights over 15 years from 2005 to 2019 JF - Neurological research and practice : official journal of the German Neurological Society N2 - Background: The medical care of patients with myositis is a great challenge in clinical practice. This is due to the rarity of these disease, the complexity of diagnosis and management as well as the lack of systematic analyses. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of this project was to obtain an overview of the current care of myositis patients in Germany and to evaluate epidemiological trends in recent years. Methods: In collaboration with BARMER Insurance, retrospective analysis of outpatient and inpatient data from an average of approximately 8.7 million insured patients between January 2005 and December 2019 was performed using ICD-10 codes for myositis for identification of relevant data. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed between myositis patients and an age-matched comparison group from other populations insured by BARMER. Results: 45,800 BARMER-insured individuals received a diagnosis of myositis during the observation period, with a relatively stable prevalence throughout. With regard to comorbidities, a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular disease as well as neoplasm was observed compared to the control group within the BARMER-insured population. In addition, myositis patients suffer more frequently from psychiatric disorders, such as depression and somatoform disorders. However, the ICD-10 catalogue only includes the specific coding of "dermatomyositis" and "polymyositis" and thus does not allow for a sufficient analysis of all idiopathic inflammatory myopathies subtypes. Conclusion: The current data provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of myositis in Germany, highlighting the multimorbidity of myositis patients. This underlines the need for multidisciplinary management. However, the ICD-10 codes currently still in use do not allow for specific analysis of the subtypes of myositis. The upcoming ICD-11 coding may improve future analyses in this regard. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-022-00226-4 SN - 2524-3489 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andjelkovic, Marko A1 - Marjanovic, Milos A1 - Chen, Junchao A1 - Ilic, Stefan A1 - Ristic, Goran A1 - Krstic, Milos T1 - PS-BBICS: Pulse stretching bulk built-in current sensor for on-chip measurement of single event transients JF - Microelectronics reliability N2 - The bulk built-in current sensor (BBICS) is a cost-effective solution for detection of energetic particle strikes in integrated circuits. With an appropriate number of BBICSs distributed across the chip, the soft error locations can be identified, and the dynamic fault-tolerant mechanisms can be activated locally to correct the soft errors in the affected logic. In this work, we introduce a pulse stretching BBICS (PS-BBICS) constructed by connecting a standard BBICS and a custom-designed pulse stretching cell. The aim of PS-BBICS is to enable the on-chip measurement of the single event transient (SET) pulse width, allowing to detect the linear energy transfer (LET) of incident particles, and thus assess more accurately the radiation conditions. Based on Spectre simula-tions, we have shown that for the LET from 1 to 100 MeV cm2 mg -1, the SET pulse width detected by PS-BBICS varies by 620-800 ps. The threshold LET of PS-BBICS increases linearly with the number of monitored inverters, and it is around 1.7 MeV cm2 mg- 1 for ten monitored inverters. On the other hand, the SET pulse width is in-dependent of the number of monitored inverters for LET > 4 MeV cm2 mg -1. It was shown that supply voltage, temperature and process variations have strong impact on the response of PS-BBICS. KW - bulk built-in current sensor KW - single event transients KW - soft errors Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114726 SN - 0026-2714 SN - 1872-941X VL - 138 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheshmeh, Sahar A1 - Elahi, Negin A1 - Ghayyem, Maysa A1 - Mosaieby, Elaheh A1 - Moradi, Shima A1 - Pasdar, Yahya A1 - Tahmasebi, Susan A1 - Moradinazar, Mehdi T1 - Effect of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome BT - a double blind randomized controlled trial JF - Genes & nutrition N2 - Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease in which related to obesity, metabolic disorders and is considered as one of the main causes of infertility in women. This trial was investigated the effects of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with PCOS. Methods: One hundred ninety-four PCOS women were randomly divided two groups: intervention (n = 99; 3 g/day green cardamom) and control groups (n = 95). All of them were given low calorie diet. Anthropometric, glycemic and androgen hormones were assessed before and after 16-week intervention. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to measure fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferative activating receptor- (PPAR-), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACAB), leptin receptor (LEPR), ghrelin, and lamin A/C (LAMIN) genes expression in each group. Results: Anthropometric indices were significantly decreased after intervention in both two studied groups. Glycemic indices and androgen hormones were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. The expression levels of FTO, CPT1A, LEPR, and LAMIN were significantly downregulated compared to control group (P < 0.001), as well as, PPAR-y was significantly upregulated in the intervention group after intervention with green cardamom compared to control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This current study showed that the administration of green cardamom is a beneficial approach for improving anthropometric, glycemic, and androgen hormones, as well as obesity and diabetes genes expression in PCOS women under the low-calorie diet. KW - polycystic ovary syndrome KW - green cardamom KW - obesity genes KW - diabetes genes Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-022-00719-6 SN - 1865-3499 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grzesiuk, Malgorzata A1 - Pietrzak, Barbara A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Pijanowska, Joanna T1 - Photosynthetic activity in both algae and cyanobacteria changes in response to cues of predation JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - A plethora of adaptive responses to predation has been described in microscopic aquatic producers. Although the energetic costs of these responses are expected, with their consequences going far beyond an individual, their underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms are not fully known. One, so far hardly considered, is if and how the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton might change in response to the predation cues. Our main aim was to identify such responses in phytoplankton and to detect if they are taxon-specific. We exposed seven algae and seven cyanobacteria species to the chemical cues of an efficient consumer, Daphnia magna, which was fed either a green alga, Acutodesmus obliquus, or a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus (kairomone and alarm cues), or was not fed (kairomone alone). In most algal and cyanobacterial species studied, the quantum yield of photosystem II increased in response to predator fed cyanobacterium, whereas in most of these species the yield did not change in response to predator fed alga. Also, cyanobacteria tended not to respond to a non-feeding predator. The modal qualitative responses of the electron transport rate were similar to those of the quantum yield. To our best knowledge, the results presented here are the broadest scan of photosystem II responses in the predation context so far. KW - phytoplankton KW - grazing KW - predation KW - Daphnia KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - biotic stress KW - photosystem KW - PAM Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.907174 SN - 1664-462X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jarajapu, Deva Charan A1 - Rathinasamy, Maheswaran A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Design flood estimation using extreme Gradient Boosting-based on Bayesian optimization JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - Regional Flood Frequency Analysis (RFFA) is one of the widely used approaches for estimating design floods in the ungauged basins. We developed an eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) machine learning model for RFFA and flood estimation. Our approach relies on developing a regression model between flood quantiles and the commonly available catchment descriptors. We used CAMELs data for 671 catchments from the USA to test the approach's efficacy. The results were compared with the traditional Multiple Linear Regression methods and Artificial Neural Networks. Results revealed that the XGB-based approach estimated design flood with the highest accuracy during training and validation with minor mean absolute error, root mean square error values, and percentage bias ranging from -10 to + 10. The importance of each catchment feature is visualized by three different approaches Gini Impurity, Permutation, and Dropout Loss Feature Ranking. We observed that the most dominating variables are rainfall intensity, slope, snow fraction, soil porosity, and temperature. It is observed that the importance of these variables is a function of the hydroclimatic regions and varies with space. In contrast, mean annual areal potential evapotranspiration, mean annual rainfall, fraction forest area, and soil conductivity have low significance in estimating design flood for an ungauged catchment. Indeed, the proposed XGB-based approach has broader applicability and replicability. KW - regional flood frequency analysis KW - XGB KW - ungauged catchments KW - CAMELS dataset Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128341 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 613 IS - Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rose, Christian A1 - Wei, Guofang T1 - Eigenvalue estimates for Kato-type Ricci curvature conditions JF - Analysis & PDE N2 - We prove that optimal lower eigenvalue estimates of Zhong-Yang type as well as a Cheng-type upper bound for the first eigenvalue hold on closed manifolds assuming only a Kato condition on the negative part of the Ricci curvature. This generalizes all earlier results on Lp-curvature assumptions. Moreover, we introduce the Kato condition on compact manifolds with boundary with respect to the Neumann Laplacian, leading to Harnack estimates for the Neumann heat kernel and lower bounds for all Neumann eigenvalues, which provides a first insight in handling variable Ricci curvature assumptions in this case. KW - Kato condition KW - variable Ricci curvature KW - eigenvalue estimate KW - heat KW - equation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2140/apde.2022.15.1703 SN - 1948-206X SN - 2157-5045 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 1703 EP - 1724 PB - Mathematical Sciences Publishers CY - Berkeley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebenkov, Denis S. T1 - Statistics of diffusive encounters with a small target BT - three complementary approaches JF - Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment N2 - Diffusive search for a static target is a common problem in statistical physics with numerous applications in chemistry and biology. We look at this problem from a different perspective and investigate the statistics of encounters between the diffusing particle and the target. While an exact solution of this problem was recently derived in the form of a spectral expansion over the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator, the latter is generally difficult to access for an arbitrary target. In this paper, we present three complementary approaches to approximate the probability density of the rescaled number of encounters with a small target in a bounded confining domain. In particular, we derive a simple fully explicit approximation, which depends only on a few geometric characteristics such as the surface area and the harmonic capacity of the target, and the volume of the confining domain. We discuss the advantages and limitations of three approaches and check their accuracy. We also deduce an explicit approximation for the distribution of the first-crossing time, at which the number of encounters exceeds a prescribed threshold. Its relations to common first-passage time problems are discussed. KW - Brownian motion KW - chemical kinetics KW - diffusion KW - first passage Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac85ec SN - 1742-5468 VL - 2022 IS - 8 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pompa-Garcia, Ivan A1 - Castilla, Rodrigo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Dagdug, Leonardo T1 - First-passage times in conical varying-width channels biased by a transverse gravitational force BT - comparison of analytical and numerical results JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We study the crossing time statistic of diffusing point particles between the two ends of expanding and narrowing two-dimensional conical channels under a transverse external gravitational field. The theoretical expression for the mean first-passage time for such a system is derived under the assumption that the axial diffusion in a two-dimensional channel of smoothly varying geometry can be approximately described as a one-dimensional diffusion in an entropic potential with position-dependent effective diffusivity in terms of the modified Fick-Jacobs equation. We analyze the channel crossing dynamics in terms of the mean first-passage time, combining our analytical results with extensive two-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations, allowing us to find the range of applicability of the one-dimensional approximation. We find that the effective particle diffusivity decreases with increasing amplitude of the external potential. Remarkably, the mean first-passage time for crossing the channel is shown to assume a minimum at finite values of the potential amplitude. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064137 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 106 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brugger, Julia A1 - Feulner, Georg A1 - Hofmann, Matthias A1 - Petri, Stefan T1 - A pronounced spike in ocean productivity triggered by the Chicxulub impact JF - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union N2 - There is increasing evidence linking the mass-extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary to an asteroid impact near Chicxulub, Mexico. Here we use model simulations to explore the combined effect of sulfate aerosols, carbon dioxide and dust from the impact on the oceans and the marine biosphere in the immediate aftermath of the impact. We find a strong temperature decrease, a brief algal bloom caused by nutrients from both the deep ocean and the projectile, and moderate surface ocean acidification. Comparing the modeled longer-term post-impact warming and changes in carbon isotopes with empirical evidence points to a substantial release of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. Overall, our results shed light on the decades to centuries after the Chicxulub impact which are difficult to resolve with proxy data. Plain Language Summary The sudden disappearance of the dinosaurs and many other species during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction 66 million years ago marks one of the most profound events in the history of life on Earth. The impact of a large asteroid near Chicxulub, Mexico, is increasingly recognized as the trigger of this extinction, causing global darkness and a pronounced cooling. However, the links between the impact and the changes in the biosphere are not fully understood. Here, we investigate how life in the ocean reacts to the perturbations in the decades and centuries after the impact. We find a short-lived algal bloom caused by the upwelling of nutrients from the deep ocean and nutrient input from the impactor. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092260 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 48 IS - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Ranzini, Mariagrazia A1 - Blini, Elvio A1 - Lisi, Matteo A1 - Zorzi, Marco T1 - Effects of attentional shifts along the vertical axis on number processing BT - an eye-tracking study with optokinetic stimulation JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - Previous studies suggest that associations between numbers and space are mediated by shifts of visuospatial attention along the horizontal axis. In this study, we investigated the effect of vertical shifts of overt attention, induced by optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and monitored through eye-tracking, in two tasks requiring explicit (number comparison) or implicit (parity judgment) processing of number magnitude. Participants were exposed to black-and-white stripes (OKS) that moved vertically (upward or downward) or remained static (control condition). During the OKS, participants were asked to verbally classify auditory one-digit numbers as larger/smaller than 5 (comparison task; Exp. 1) or as odd/even (parity task; Exp. 2). OKS modulated response times in both experiments. In Exp.1, upward attentional displacement decreased the Magnitude effect (slower responses for large numbers) and increased the Distance effect (slower responses for numbers close to the reference). In Exp.2, we observed a complex interaction between parity, magnitude, and OKS, indicating that downward attentional displacement slowed down responses for large odd numbers. Moreover, eye tracking analyses revealed an influence of number processing on eye movements both in Exp. 1, with eye gaze shifting downwards during the processing of small numbers as compared to large ones; and in Exp. 2, with leftward shifts after large even numbers (6,8) and rightward shifts after large odd numbers (7,9). These results provide evidence of bidirectional links between number and space and extend them to the vertical dimension. Moreover, they document the influence of visuo-spatial attention on processing of numerical magnitude, numerical distance, and parity. Together, our findings are in line with grounded and embodied accounts of numerical cognition. KW - Numerical cognition KW - Optokinetic stimulation KW - Number-space association KW - Spatial cognition KW - Visuospatial attention KW - Grounded cognition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104991 SN - 0010-0277 SN - 1873-7838 VL - 221 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferner, Jessica A1 - Linstädter, Anja A1 - Rogass, Christian A1 - Südekum, Karl-Heinz A1 - Schmidtlein, Sebastian T1 - Towards forage resource monitoring in subtropical savanna grasslands BT - going multispectral or hyperspectral? JF - European journal of remote sensing N2 - Forage supply of savanna grasslands plays a crucial role for local food security and consequently, a reliable monitoring system could help to better manage vital forage resources. To help installing such a monitoring system, we investigated whether in-situ hyperspectral data could be resampled to match the spectral resolution of multi- and hyperspectral satellites; if the type of sensor affected model transfer; and if spatio-temporal patterns of forage characteristics could be related to environmental drivers. We established models for forage quantity (green biomass) and five forage quality proxies (metabolisable energy, acid/neutral detergent fibre, ash, phosphorus). Hyperspectral resolution of the Hyperion satellite mostly resulted in higher accuracies (i.e. higher R-2, lower RMSE). When applied to satellite data, though, the greater quality of the multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data leads to more realistic forage maps. By analysing a three-year time series, we found plant phenology and cumulated precipitation to be the most important environmental drivers of forage supply. We conclude that none of the investigated satellites provide optimal conditions for monitoring purposes. Future hyperspectral satellite missions like EnMAP, combining the high information level of Hyperion with the good data quality and resolution of Sentinel-2, will provide the prerequisites for installing a regular monitoring service. KW - Africa KW - rangelands KW - remote-sensing based monitoring KW - forage KW - biomass KW - production KW - nutritive value Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2021.1934556 SN - 2279-7254 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 364 EP - 384 PB - geoLAB, Laboratory of Geomatics CY - Florence ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homolka, Walter T1 - The messianic concept in modern Judaism JF - Teologia i Moralność N2 - The history of the Messiah in Judaism is a history of disappointed hopes. Again and again, there were salvation fi gures to whom this role was ascribed. But redemption from occupation and foreign rule, exile, oppression and persecution failed to materialize. Therefore, the expectation of the Messiah fell to the periphery of Jewish theology. This article examinesin what ways the messianic concept plays a role in modern times and what it contributes to describing the relationship between God and humanity in Judaism. The author intends to show the development from the abandonment of a personal Messiah towards the affi rmation of the prophets’ hope for a universal messianic age in which the duty of all people to participate in the healing of the world becomes central. What becomes also clear is: The messiah idea cannot be a bridge between Christianity and Judaism. T2 - Koncepcja mesjanizmu we współczesnym judaizmie KW - Jewish Theology KW - Messiah, Messianism KW - Utopian Messianism KW - Restaurative Messianism KW - Pseudo-Messianic Movements KW - Chabad KW - Hasidism Y1 - 2022 UR - https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/tim/article/download/34768/30105/73991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2022.31.1.10 SN - 1898-2964 SN - 2450-4602 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 172 PB - Uniwersytet Imienia Adama Mickiewicza CY - Poznań ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartmann, Anika M. A1 - Kandil, Farid I. A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Häupl, Thomas A1 - Kessler, Christian S. A1 - Michalsen, Andreas A1 - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A. T1 - Rheumatoid arthritis benefits from fasting and plant-based diet: an exploratory randomized controlled trial (NUTRIFAST) T2 - Annals of the rheumatic diseases Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.452 SN - 0003-4967 SN - 1468-2060 VL - 81 SP - 558 EP - 559 PB - BMJ Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoncini, Monica A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Höhl, Stefanie A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi T1 - The role of mother-infant emotional synchrony in speech processing in 9-month-old infants JF - Infant behavior and development : an international & interdisciplinary journal N2 - Rhythmicity characterizes both interpersonal synchrony and spoken language. Emotions and language are forms of interpersonal communication, which interact with each other throughout development. We investigated whether and how emotional synchrony between mothers and their 9-month-old infants relates to infants' word segmentation as an early marker of language development. Twenty-six 9-month-old infants and their German-speaking mothers took part in the study. To measure emotional synchrony, we coded positive, neutral and negative emotional expressions of the mothers and their infants during a free play session. We then calculated the degree to which the mothers' and their infants' matching emotional expressions followed a predictable pattern. To measure word segmentation, we familiarized infants with auditory text passages and tested how long they looked at the screen while listening to familiar versus novel words. We found that higher levels of predictability (i.e. low entropy) during mother-infant interaction is associated with infants' word segmentation performance. These findings suggest that individual differences in word segmentation relate to the complexity and predictability of emotional expressions during mother-infant interactions. KW - Mother -infant dyads KW - Entropy KW - Emotional synchrony KW - Cross -recurrence KW - quantification analysis KW - Word segmentation KW - Rhythmicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101772 SN - 0163-6383 SN - 1879-0453 VL - 69 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinkas, Ronen T1 - The forgotten language of nontheistic mysticism BT - religious factors in Erich Fromm’s Humanism JF - Religions N2 - In You Shall Be as Gods, Erich Fromm (1900–1980) defines his position as nontheistic mysticism. This research clarifies the term, considers its importance within Fromm’s humanism, and explores its potential origins. The nontheistic mystical position plays a central role in Fromm’s understanding of the relationship between mysticism and organized religion, religion and religiosity, and it clarifies the relationship between religion, philosophy, and social psychoanalysis, whose combination constitutes his humanistic ethics. Nontheistic mysticism relates, as well, to Fromm’s understanding of human nature; it involves the question of the relationship between language, perception, and experience. The nontheistic mystical position is linked to Fromm’s negative theology, the x experience, and idolatry. Hence, the nontheistic mystical position is relevant to Fromm’s understanding of self-realization and his vision of a sane society. Unlike some scholarly opinion, the conclusions of this paper suggest that Fromm’s humanism is not radical, as long as radical is defined as an absolute atheistic secular feature that eliminates the range of religious language and experience. Rather, it is a broad and cautious humanism that, on the one hand, internalizes the transcendent divinity into the human subject and transforms it into anthropological–ethical phenomena, but, on the other, implies that atheism carries the risk of an idolatrous identification of the human being with God. Consequently, this humanism requires a religious–mystical component to adequately portray the spiritual and ethical potentials of humanity and its challenges. Nontheistic mysticism is a consciousness mechanism aimed at the fine-tuning of the individual’s moral compass, which is affected by the pathologies of normalcy that prevail in all societies. KW - mysticism KW - x experience KW - idolatry KW - idology KW - negative theology KW - religious humanism KW - nontheistic Jewish humanism KW - Fritz Mauthner Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050531 SN - 2077-1444 VL - 15 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardi, Rafael L. A1 - Berdja, Amokrane A1 - Guzman, Christian Dani A1 - Torres-Torriti, Miguel A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Restoration of T80-S telescope's images using neural networks JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used for a wide range of applications in astronomy, including for the restoration of degraded images using a spatially invariant point spread function (PSF) across the field of view. Most existing development techniques use a single PSF in the deconvolution process, which is unrealistic when spatially variable PSFs are present in real observation conditions. Such conditions are simulated in this work to yield more realistic data samples. We propose a method that uses a simulated spatially variable PSF for the T80-South (T80-S) telescope, an 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile). The synthetic data use real parameters from the detector noise and atmospheric seeing to recreate the T80-S observational conditions for the CNN training. The method is tested on real astronomical data from the T80-S telescope. We present the simulation and training methods, the results from real T80-S image CNN prediction, and a comparison with space observatory Gaia. A CNN can fix optical aberrations, which include image distortion, PSF size and profile, and the field position variation while preserving the source's flux. The proposed restoration approach can be applied to other optical systems and to post-process adaptive optics static residual aberrations in large-diameter telescopes. KW - methods: statistical KW - techniques: image processing KW - software: data KW - analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2050 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 524 IS - 2 SP - 3068 EP - 3082 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Schiepe-Tiska, Anja A1 - Heine, Jorg-Henrik A1 - Buchholz, Janine T1 - Expectancy-value profiles in math BT - how are student-perceived teaching behaviors related to motivational transitions? JF - Learning and individual differences : a multidisciplinary journal in education N2 - This longitudinal study aimed to investigate how motivational transitions of adolescents in the domain of mathematics from Grades 9 to 10 were related to student-perceived mathematics teacher support and student -oriented teaching. Data were drawn from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and its German national extension called PISA Plus 2012-2013. We used a subsample of 2605 students (51.0 % girls) from 198 classrooms. Using latent profile analyses, we identified three motivational patterns based on expectancy-value theory that were meaningfully associated with students' mathematics test scores and work ethics. Latent transition analyses showed that these patterns were mostly stable across time. Occurring changes were characterized by a decrease in mathematics motivation across time. Student-oriented teaching as reported by students in Grade 9 impeded maladaptive motivational transitions. Students with particularly low interest and utility value benefitted from teachers who direct their instruction at students' motivational characteristics. KW - motivation KW - interindividual change KW - latent transition analysis KW - teaching KW - mathematics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102198 SN - 1041-6080 SN - 1873-3425 VL - 98 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abakarova, Dzhuma A1 - Fuchs, Susanne A1 - Noiray, Aude T1 - Developmental changes in coarticulation degree relate to differences in articulatory patterns: an empirically grounded modeling approach JF - Journal of speech, language, and hearing research N2 - Purpose: Coarticulatory effects in speech vary across development, but the sources of this variation remain unclear. This study investigated whether developmental differences in intrasyllabic coarticulation degree could be explained by differences in children's articulatory patterns compared to adults. Method: To address this question, we first compared the tongue configurations of 3-to 7-year-old German children to those of adults. The observed developmental differences were then examined through simulations with Task Dynamics Application, a Task Dynamics simulation system, to establish which articulatory modifications could best reproduce the empirical results. To generate syllables simulating the lack of tongue gesture differentiation, we tested three simulation scenarios. Results: We found that younger speakers use less differentiated articulatory patterns to achieve alveolar constrictions than adults. The simulations corresponding to undifferentiated control of tongue tip and tongue body resulted in (a) tongue shapes similar to those observed in natural speech and (b) higher degrees of intrasyllabic coarticulation in children when compared to adults. Conclusions: Results provide evidence that differences in articulatory patterns contribute to developmental differences in coarticulation degree. This study further shows that empirically informed modeling can advance our understanding of changes in coarticulatory patterns across age. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00212 SN - 1092-4388 SN - 1558-9102 VL - 65 IS - 9 SP - 3276 EP - 3299 PB - American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc. CY - Rockville, Md. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sela, Yael T1 - Sacred poetry, eternal felicity, and the redemption of Israel BT - Obadiah Sforno's commentary on Psalms in the Berlin Haskalah JF - European journal of jewish studies N2 - The article explores the philosophical exegesis in Obadiah Sforno's sixteenth-century Psalms commentary and its reception in Berlin of the late eighteenth century, where it was reprinted in the Haskalah's biggest bestseller-an edition of Moses Mendelssohn's Psalms translation with Hebrew commentary. While the inclusion of entire commentaries by earlier exegetes was unique among all Haskalah Bible editions, I argue that the choice to include Sforno's commentary alongside Mendelssohn's translation of Psalms, itself an expression of Mendelssohn's political-theological defense of Judaism, was intended to buttress shared philosophical doctrines and concepts located by the two scholars in Psalms, notwithstanding temporal and cultural divergences: imitatio Dei, the salvation of the individual soul, and Israel's eternity. KW - Psalms KW - salvation of the soul KW - Obadiah Sforno KW - Moses Mendelssohn KW - Joel Bril (Lowe) KW - Haskalah KW - redemption KW - reception history of Bible exegesis and philosophy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471X-bja10044 SN - 1025-9996 SN - 1872-471X VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 280 PB - Brill CY - Biggleswade ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nguyen, Viet-Dung A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Hundecha, Yeshewatesfa A1 - Haberlandt, Uwe A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy T1 - Comprehensive evaluation of an improved large-scale multi-site weather generator for Germany JF - International journal of climatology : a journal of the Royal Meteorological Society N2 - In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a stochastic multi-site, multi-variate weather generator at the scale of entire Germany and parts of the neighbouring countries covering the major German river basins Elbe, Upper Danube, Rhine, Weser and Ems with a total area of approximately 580,000 km(2). The regional weather generator, which is based on a first-order multi-variate auto-regressive model, is setup using 53-year long daily observational data at 528 locations. The performance is evaluated by investigating the ability of the weather generator to replicate various important statistical properties of the observed variables including precipitation occurrence and dry/wet transition probabilities, mean daily and extreme precipitation, multi-day precipitation sums, spatial correlation structure, areal precipitation, mean daily and extreme temperature and solar radiation. We explore two marginal distributions for daily precipitation amount: mixed Gamma-Generalized Pareto and extended Generalized Pareto. Furthermore, we introduce a new procedure to estimate the spatial correlation matrix and model mean daily temperature and solar radiation. The extensive evaluation reveals that the weather generator is greatly capable of capturing most of the crucial properties of the weather variables, particularly of extreme precipitation at individual locations. Some deficiencies are detected in capturing spatial precipitation correlation structure that leads to an overestimation of areal precipitation extremes. Further improvement of the spatial correlation structure is envisaged for future research. The mixed marginal model found to outperform the extended Generalized Pareto in our case. The use of power transformation in combination with normal distribution significantly improves the performance for non-precipitation variables. The weather generator can be used to generate synthetic event footprints for large-scale trans-basin flood risk assessment. KW - correlation KW - extreme KW - flood KW - large‐ scale KW - multi‐ variate KW - weather generator Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7107 SN - 0899-8418 SN - 1097-0088 VL - 41 IS - 10 SP - 4933 EP - 4956 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gasparini, Loretta A1 - Langus, Alan A1 - Tsuji, Sho A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie T1 - Quantifying the role of rhythm in infants' language discrimination abilities BT - a meta-analysis JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - More than 30 years have passed since Mehler et al. (1988) proposed that newborns can discriminate between languages that belong to different rhythm classes: stress-, syllable- or mora-timed. Thereupon they developed the hypothesis that infants are sensitive to differences in vowel and consonant interval durations as acoustic correlates of rhythm classes. It remains unknown exactly which durational computations infants use when perceiving speech for the purposes of distinguishing languages. Here, a meta-analysis of studies on infants' language discrimination skills over the first year of life was conducted, aiming to quantify how language discrimination skills change with age and are modulated by rhythm classes or durational metrics. A systematic literature search identified 42 studies that tested infants' (birth to 12 months) discrimination or preference of two language varieties, by presenting infants with auditory or audio-visual continuous speech. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using multivariate random effects meta-analytic models with the factors rhythm class difference, age, stimulus manipulation, method, and metrics operationalising proportions of and variability in vowel and consonant interval durations, to explore which factors best account for language discrimination or preference. Results revealed that smaller differences in vowel interval variability (oV) and larger differences in successive consonantal interval variability (rPVI-C) were associated with more successful language discrimination, and better accounted for discrimination results than the factor rhythm class. There were no effects of age for discrimination but results on preference studies were affected by age: the older infants get, the more they prefer non-native languages that are rhythmically similar to their native language, but not non-native languages that are rhythmically distinct. These findings can inform theories on language discrimination that have previously focussed on rhythm class, by providing a novel way to operationalise rhythm in language in the extent to which it accounts for infants' language discrimination abilities. KW - Language discrimination KW - Accent discrimination KW - Speech rhythm KW - Durational cues KW - Infant speech perception KW - Meta-analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104757 SN - 0010-0277 SN - 1873-7838 VL - 213 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Sizhong A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Svenning, Mette Marianne A1 - Tveit, Alexander Tøsdal T1 - Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming JF - Molecular ecology N2 - Temperature is an important factor governing microbe-mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short-term temperature increases in Arctic peat soil, and linked these shifts to higher CH4 and CO2 production rates (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E2507-E2516). Here, we studied the taxonomic composition and functional potential of samples from the same experiment. We see that along a high-resolution temperature gradient (1-30 degrees C), microbial communities change discretely, but not continuously or stochastically, in response to rising temperatures. The taxonomic variability may thus in part reflect the varied temperature responses of individual taxa and the competition between these taxa for resources. These taxonomic responses contrast the stable functional potential (metagenomic-based) across all temperatures or the previously observed metabolic or trophic shifts at key temperatures. Furthermore, with rising temperatures we observed a progressive decrease in species diversity (Shannon Index) and increased dispersion of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates. We conclude that the taxonomic variation is decoupled from both the functional potential of the community and the previously observed temperature-dependent changes in microbial function. However, the reduced diversity at higher temperatures might help explain the higher variability in GHG production at higher temperatures. KW - microbial community KW - permafrost KW - species diversity KW - stochastic KW - temperature gradient Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16118 SN - 0962-1083 SN - 1365-294X VL - 30 IS - 20 SP - 5094 EP - 5104 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hashemi, Seirana A1 - Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Relative flux trade-offs and optimization of metabolic network functionalities JF - Computational and structural biotechnology journal N2 - Trade-offs between traits are present across different levels of biological systems and ultimately reflect constraints imposed by physicochemical laws and the structure of underlying biochemical networks. Yet, mechanistic explanation of how trade-offs between molecular traits arise and how they relate to optimization of fitness-related traits remains elusive. Here, we introduce the concept of relative flux trade-offs and propose a constraint-based approach, termed FluTOr, to identify metabolic reactions whose fluxes are in relative trade-off with respect to an optimized fitness-related cellular task, like growth. We then employed FluTOr to identify relative flux trade-offs in the genome-scale metabolic networks of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. For the metabolic models of E. coli and S. cerevisiae we showed that: (i) the identified relative flux trade-offs depend on the carbon source used and that (ii) reactions that participated in relative trade-offs in both species were implicated in cofactor biosynthesis. In contrast to the two microorganisms, the relative flux trade-offs for the metabolic model of A. thaliana did not depend on the available nitrogen sources, reflecting the differences in the underlying metabolic network as well as the considered environments. Lastly, the established connection between relative flux trade-offs allowed us to identify overexpression targets that can be used to optimize fitness-related traits. Altogether, our computational approach and findings demonstrate how relative flux trade-offs can shape optimization of metabolic tasks, important in biotechnological applications. KW - Trade-offs KW - Metabolic networks KW - Fluxes KW - Overexpression targets KW - Growth Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.038 SN - 2001-0370 VL - 20 SP - 3963 EP - 3971 PB - Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB) CY - Gotenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yadav, Himanshu A1 - Husain, Samar A1 - Futrell, Richard T1 - Assessing corpus evidence for formal and psycholinguistic constraints on nonprojectivity JF - Computational linguistics N2 - Formal constraints on crossing dependencies have played a large role in research on the formal complexity of natural language grammars and parsing. Here we ask whether the apparent evidence for constraints on crossing dependencies in treebanks might arise because of independent constraints on trees, such as low arity and dependency length minimization. We address this question using two sets of experiments. In Experiment 1, we compare the distribution of formal properties of crossing dependencies, such as gap degree, between real trees and baseline trees matched for rate of crossing dependencies and various other properties. In Experiment 2, we model whether two dependencies cross, given certain psycholinguistic properties of the dependencies. We find surprisingly weak evidence for constraints originating from the mild context-sensitivity literature (gap degree and well-nestedness) beyond what can be explained by constraints on rate of crossing dependencies, topological properties of the trees, and dependency length. However, measures that have emerged from the parsing literature (e.g., edge degree, end-point crossings, and heads' depth difference) differ strongly between real and random trees. Modeling results show that cognitive metrics relating to information locality and working-memory limitations affect whether two dependencies cross or not, but they do not fully explain the distribution of crossing dependencies in natural languages. Together these results suggest that crossing constraints are better characterized by processing pressures than by mildly context-sensitive constraints. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00437 SN - 0891-2017 SN - 1530-9312 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 375 EP - 401 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finzel, Anna T1 - Innate or acquired? BT - homosexuality and cultural models of gender in Indian and Nigerian English T2 - Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts) (CLSCC) N2 - In this chapter, some of the findings from sociolinguistic interviews with 25 speakers of Indian English and 26 speakers of Nigerian English are presented. Emanating from a larger research project concerned with conceptualizations of gender, the current analysis focuses on conceptualizations of homosexuality and makes use of the analytical tools provided by Cultural Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics. In particular, the notions of “cultural conceptualizations” (e.g., Sharifian, 2011, 2017) and “cultural model” (e.g., Wolf & Polzenhagen, 2009; also cf. Schneider, 2014) are addressed. At the time of data collection, discriminatory legislation concerning homosexuality was in force in India and Nigeria. Opinion polls likewise echoed a negative stance towards homosexuality among the population of the two countries. This raised the expectation that similar conceptualizations of homosexuality might be found in Indian and Nigerian English, both in terms of their negative connotation and of how homosexuality would exactly be conceptualized. However, this expectation was not fulfilled. Firstly, the acceptance among the Indian participants to this study was generally greater. Secondly, homosexuality was predominantly conceptualized as an innate condition in the Indian English data, while it was prevalently understood as an acquired condition by the Nigerian informants. Drawing from earlier findings within the context of the same project (Finzel, 2021; fc.), I suggest that these differences can be explained with culture-specific models of gender that lend their logic to conceptualizations of homosexuality. KW - cognitive sociolinguistics KW - cultural linguistics KW - cultural conceptualizations Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.14.09fin VL - 14 SP - 185 EP - 212 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, Hans-Georg T1 - Cultural conceptualizations of magical practices related to menstrual blood in a transhistorical and transcontinental perspective T2 - Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC) N2 - Most, if not all, of the studies in Cultural Linguistics have (a) taken a synchronic perspective or (b) focused on specific, intracultural conceptualizations. In my chapter, I will look at a cluster of conceptualizations that have been found to exist in different historical periods, in different languages and varieties, and on different continents. The case in point is conceptualizations of magical practices based on menstrual blood. The existence of these conceptualizations across time and space raises the challenging questions of their motivation, and, more generally, the “flow of conceptualizations.” While these questions will be pursued in my chapter, the main focus will be on an elaboration of the conceptual network of conceptualizations pertaining to menstrual blood magic. KW - cultural conceptualizations KW - menstrual blood Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-9-02725-970-7 SN - 978-9-02720-916-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.14.04wol VL - 14 SP - 41 EP - 76 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wassermann, Birgit A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Microbiome-based biotechnology for reducing food loss post harvest JF - Current opinion in biotechnology N2 - Microbiomes have an immense potential to enhance plant resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intrinsic microbial communities respond to changes in their host's physiology and environment during plant's life cycle. The potential of the inherent plant microbiome has been neglected for a long time, especially for the postharvest period. Currently, close to 50% of all produced fruits and vegetables are lost either during production or storage. Biological control of spoilage and storage diseases is still lacking sufficiency. Today, novel multiomics technologies allow us to study the microbiome and its responses on a community level, which will help to advance current classic approaches and develop more effective and robust microbiome-based solutions for fruit and vegetable storability, quality, and safety. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102808 SN - 0958-1669 SN - 1879-0429 VL - 78 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Patrick A1 - Hagemann, Justus A1 - Gilissen, Emmanuel A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Otter shrew mitogenomes (Afrotheria, Potamogalidae) reconstructed from historical museum skins JF - Mitochondrial DNA. Part B N2 - African otter shrews (Potamogalidae) are Afrotherian mammals adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Given their rareness, genetic data on otter shrews are limited. By applying laboratory methods tuned for the recovery of archival DNA and an iterative mapping approach, we reconstructed whole mitochondrial genomes of the Giant (Potamogale velox) and Ruwenzori pygmy otter shrew (Micropotamogale ruwenzorii) from historical museum skins. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with previous reports in recovering a sister relationship between African otter shrews and Malagasy tenrecs. The long branches separating both lineages, however, support their recognition as separate families. KW - tenrecs KW - Afrotheria KW - Africa KW - historical DNA Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2122747 SN - 2380-2359 VL - 7 IS - 9 SP - 1699 EP - 1701 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thongthaisong, Patch A1 - Kasada, Minoru A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Wollrab, Sabine T1 - Critical role of parasite-mediated energy pathway on community response to nutrient enrichment JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Parasites form an integral part of food webs, however, they are often ignored in classic food web theory or limited to the investigation of trophic transmission pathways. Specifically, direct consumption of parasites by nonhost predators is rarely considered, while it can contribute substantially to energy flow in food webs. In aquatic systems, chytrids constitute a major group of fungal parasites whose free-living infective stages (zoospores) form a highly nutritional food source to zooplankton. Thereby, the consumption of zoospores can create an energy pathway from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton ( "mycoloop "). This parasite-mediated energy pathway might be of special importance during phytoplankton blooms dominated by inedible or toxic primary producers like cyanobacteria, which are on the rise with eutrophication and global warming. We theoretically investigated community dynamics and energy transfer in a food web consisting of an edible nonhost and an inedible host phytoplankton species, a parasitic fungus, and a zooplankton species grazing on edible phytoplankton and fungi. Food web dynamics were investigated along a nutrient gradient contrasting nonadaptive zooplankton species representative for filter feeders like cladocerans and zooplankton with the ability to actively adapt their feeding preferences like many copepod species. Overall, the importance of the mycoloop for zooplankton increases with nutrient availability. This increase is smooth for nonadaptive consumers. For adaptive consumers, we observe an abrupt shift from an almost exclusive preference for edible phytoplankton at low nutrient levels to a strong preference for parasitic fungi at high nutrient levels. The model predicts that parasitic fungi could contribute up to 50% of the zooplankton diet in nutrient-rich environments, which agrees with empirical observations on zooplankton gut content from eutrophic systems during blooms of inedible diatoms or cyanobacteria. Our findings highlight the role of parasite-mediated energy pathways for predictions of energy flow and community composition under current and future environmental change. KW - adaptive preference KW - energy flow KW - food web KW - mycoloop KW - parasite-mediated KW - energy pathway KW - parasites KW - parasitic fungi Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9622 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - [Hoboken] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Erschen, Sabine A1 - Krause, Robert A1 - Müller, Henry A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Enhanced survival of multi-species biofilms under stress is promoted by low-abundant but antimicrobial-resistant keystone species JF - Journal of hazardous materials : environmental control, risk assessment, impact and management N2 - Multi-species biofilms are more resistant against stress compared to single-species biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying this common observation remain elusive. Therefore, we studied biofilm formation of well-known opportunistic pathogens (Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) in various approaches. Synergistic effects in their multi species biofilms were observed. Using metatranscriptomics, changes in the gene expression of the involved members became evident, and provided explanations for the improved survivability under nutrient limitation and exposure to disinfectants. Genes encoding proteins for vitamin B6 synthesis and iron uptake were linked to synergism in the multi-species biofilm under nutrient-limited conditions. Our study indicates that sub-lethal concentrations of an alcohol-based disinfectant enhance biofilm yields in multi-species assemblages. A reduction of the dominant taxa in the multi-species biofilm under disinfectant pressure allowed minor taxa to bloom. The findings underline the importance of minor but antimicrobial-resistant species that serve as "protectors" for the whole assemblage due to upregulation of genes involved in defence mechanisms and biofilm formation. This ultimately results in an increase in the total yield of the multi-species biofilm. We conclude that inter-species interactions may be crucial for the survival of opportunistic pathogens; especially under conditions that are typically found under hospital settings. KW - Biofilm KW - Opportunistic pathogen KW - Synergism KW - Multi-species KW - Metatranscriptomic Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126836 SN - 0304-3894 SN - 1873-3336 VL - 422 PB - Science Direct CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koukoulioti, Vasiliki A1 - Stavrakaki, Stavroula A1 - Vomva, Maria A1 - Adani, Flavia T1 - Gender marking and clitic pronoun resolution in simultaneous bilingual children JF - Languages : open access journal N2 - The acquisition of clitics still remains a highly controversial issue in Greek acquisition literature despite the bulk of studies performed. Object clitics have been shown to be early acquired by monolingual children in terms of production rates, whereas only highly proficient bilingual children achieve target-like performance. Crucially, errors in gender marking are persistent for monolingual and bilingual children even when adult-like production rates are achieved. This study aims to readdress the acquisition of clitics in an innovative way, by entering the variable of gender in an experimental design targeting to assess production and processing by bilingual and monolingual children. Moreover, we examined the role of language proficiency (in terms of general verbal intelligence and syntactic production abilities). The groups had comparable performance in both tasks (in terms of correct responses and error distribution in production and reaction times in comprehension). However, verbal intelligence had an effect on the performance of the monolingual but not of the bilingual group in the production task, and bilingual children were overall slower in the comprehension task. Syntactic production abilities did not have any effect. We argue that gender marking affects clitic processing, and we discuss the implications of our findings for bilingual acquisition. KW - bilingual acquisition KW - clitic pronouns KW - gender KW - language proficiency KW - language input KW - sentence production KW - sentence processing KW - Modern Greek Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040250 SN - 2226-471X VL - 7 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Rong A1 - Kuhn, Gerhard A1 - Gong, Xun A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K. A1 - Gersonde, Rainer A1 - Lembke-Jene, Lester A1 - Lohmann, Gerrit A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard T1 - Deglacial land-ocean linkages at the Alaskan continental margin in the Bering Sea JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - A marine sediment record from the central Bering Sea, spanning the last 20 thousand years (ka), was studied to unravel the depositional history with regard to terrigenous sediment supply and biogenic sedimentation. Methodic approaches comprised the inference of accumulation rates of siliciclastic and biogenic components, grain-size analysis, and (clay) mineralogy, as well as paleoclimatic modelling. Changes in the depositional history provides insight into land-ocean linkages of paleoenvironmental changes. During the finale of the Last Glacial Maximum, the depositional environment was characterized by hemipelagic background sedimentation. A marked change in the terrigenous sediment provenance during the late Heinrich 1 Stadial (15.7-14.5 ka), indicated by increases in kaolinite and a high glaciofluvial influx of clay, gives evidence of the deglaciation of the Brooks Range in the hinterland of Alaska. This meltwater pulse also stimulated the postglacial onset of biological productivity. Glacial melt implies regional climate warming during a time of widespread cooling on the northern hemisphere. Our simulation experiment with a coupled climate model suggests atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic, with impacts on the dynamics of the Aleutian Low system that gave rise to warmer winters and an early onset of spring during that time. The late deglacial period between 14.5 and 11.0 ka was characterized by enhanced fluvial runoff and biological productivity in the course of climate amelioration, sea-level rise, seasonal sea-ice retreat, and permafrost thaw in the hinterland. The latter processes temporarily stalled during the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 ka) and commenced again during the Preboreal (earliest Holocene), after 11.7 ka. High river runoff might have fertilized the Bering Sea and contributed to enhanced upper ocean stratification. Since 11.0 ka, advanced transgression has shifted the coast line and fluvial influence of the Yukon River away from the study site. The opening of the Bering Strait strengthened contour currents along the continental slope, leaving behind winnowed sand-rich sediments through the early to mid-Holocene, with non-deposition occurring since about 6.0 ka. KW - North Pacific KW - terrigenous sediments KW - heinrich event KW - brooks range KW - deglaciation KW - meltwater Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.712415 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie A1 - Bahr, Andre A1 - Yamoah, Kweku A. A1 - Chuang, Chih-Kai A1 - Li, Hong-Chun A1 - Su, Chih-Chieh A1 - Wei, Kuo-Yen T1 - Rapid humidity changes across the Northern South China Sea during the last similar to 40 kyrs JF - Marine geology : international journal of marine geology, geochemistry and geophysics N2 - A key aspect of East Asian climate is its summer monsoonal system which influences nearly one-third of the world's population. Recent results indicate that the primary response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to anthropogenic forced climate warming may be a shift in geographical range instead of an intensity change, which would lead to spatial coexistence of floods and droughts over southeastern Asia. The predicted EASM variability in the future has made it paramount to study its past changes and the associated tempo-spatial pattern of aridity and humidity in its purview. In order to decipher past changes in EASM, we applied a multi-proxy geochemical approach to the sediment core ORI-891-16-P1 located in the northern South China Sea. The position of this sediment core on top of a seamount makes it uniquely sensitive to changes in the terrigenous input into northern South China Sea unbiased by sea level-induced downslope transport processes. Utilizing the ln(Ti/Ca) ratio throughout the sediment sequence we trace terrigenous influx changes reflecting EASM prevalence during the last similar to 40 kyrs. Based on the comparison of our results to previous studies we infer that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; similar to 20 ka BP) was characterized by a steep N-S humidity gradient. This spatial pattern was in line with a southward shift or contraction of the summer monsoonal trough of 10-15 degrees from its current position toward the centre of the South China Sea. Superimposed on orbital time scale fluctuations we also find strong indication of millennial-scale variability related to Heinrich Stadials. The impact of Heinrich Stadials on the EASM seems amplified during insolation minima, while high summer insolation seems to buffer the monsoonal system to such perturbations. We infer that (i) the humidity-aridity distribution during the LGM mimics predictions of the proposed future EASM configuration, and (ii) that the sensitivity of the EASM to weakening in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is the strongest since the last glacial. KW - East Asian Summer monsoon variability KW - South China Sea KW - Late Pleistocene KW - climate variability KW - Terrigenous influx changes Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106579 SN - 0025-3227 SN - 1872-6151 VL - 440 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaw, Vasundhara A1 - van Vliet, Arjen A1 - Taylor, Andrew M. T1 - Galactic halo bubble magnetic fields and UHECR deflections JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We consider the synchrotron emission from electrons out in the Galactic halo bubble region where the Fermi bubble structures reside. Utilizing a simple analytical expression for the non-thermal electron distribution and a toy magnetic field model, we simulate polarized synchrotron emission maps at a frequency of 30 GHz. Comparing these maps with the observational data, we obtain constraints on the parameters of our toy Galactic halo bubble magnetic field model. Utilizing this parameter value range for the toy magnetic field model, we determine the corresponding range of arrival directions and suppression factors of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) from potential local source locations. We find that high levels of flux suppression (down to 2 per cent) and large deflection angles (>= 80 degrees) are possible for source locations whose line of sight pass through the Galactic halo bubble region. We conclude that the magnetic field out in the Galactic halo bubble region can strongly dominate the level of deflection UHECRs experience whilst propagating from local sources to Earth. KW - astroparticle physics KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal KW - galaxies: magnetic fields Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2778 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 517 IS - 2 SP - 2534 EP - 2545 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Jingshui A1 - Borchardt, Dietrich A1 - Rode, Michael T1 - How do inorganic nitrogen processing pathways change quantitatively at daily, seasonal, and multiannual scales in a large agricultural stream? JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Large agricultural streams receive excessive inputs of nitrogen. However, quantifying the role of these streams in nitrogen processing remains limited because continuous direct measurements of the interacting and highly time-varying nitrogen processing pathways in larger streams and rivers are very complex. Therefore, we employed a monitoring-driven modelling approach with high-frequency in situ data and the river water quality model Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) 7.5.2 in the 27.4 km reach of the sixth-order agricultural stream called Lower Bode (central Germany) for a 5-year period (2014-2018). Paired high-frequency sensor data (15 min interval) of discharge, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a at upstream and downstream stations were used as model boundaries and for setting model constraints. The WASP model simulated 15 min intervals of discharge, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values higher than 0.9 for calibration and validation, enabling the calculation of gross and net dissolved inorganic nitrogen uptake and pathway rates on a daily, seasonal, and multiannual scale. Results showed daily net uptake rate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen ranged from -17.4 to 553.9 mgNm(-2)d(-1). The highest daily net uptake could reach almost 30 % of the total input loading, which occurred at extreme low flow in summer 2018. The growing season (spring and summer) accounted for 91 % of the average net annual uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the measured period. In spring, both the DIN gross and net uptake were dominated by the phytoplankton uptake pathway. In summer, benthic algae assimilation dominated the gross uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Conversely, the reach became a net source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen with negative daily net uptake values in autumn and winter, mainly because the release from benthic algae surpassed uptake processes. Over the 5 years, average gross and net uptake rates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were 124.1 and 56.8 mgNm(-2)d(-1), which accounted for only 2.7 % and 1.2 % of the total loadings in the Lower Bode, respectively. The 5-year average gross DIN uptake decreased from assimilation by benthic algae through assimilation by phytoplankton to denitrification. Our study highlights the value of combining river water quality modelling with high-frequency data to obtain a reliable budget of instream dissolved inorganic nitrogen processing which facilitates our ability to manage nitrogen in aquatic systems. This study provides a methodology that can be applied to any large stream to quantify nitrogen processing pathway dynamics and complete our understanding of nitrogen cycling. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 26 IS - 22 SP - 5817 EP - 5833 PB - Copernicus Publ. CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stechemesser, Annika A1 - Levermann, Anders A1 - Wenz, Leonie T1 - Temperature impacts on hate speech online: evidence from 4 billion geolocated tweets from the USA JF - The lancet. Planetary health N2 - Background - A link between weather and aggression in the offline world has been established across a variety of societal settings. Simultaneously, the rapid digitalisation of nearly every aspect of everyday life has led to a high frequency of interpersonal conflicts online. Hate speech online has become a prevalent problem that has been shown to aggravate mental health conditions, especially among young people and marginalised groups. We examine the effect of temperature on the occurrence of hate speech on the social media platform Twitter and interpret the results in the context of the interlinkage between climate change, human behaviour, and mental health. Methods - In this quantitative empirical study, we used a supervised machine learning approach to identify hate speech in a dataset containing around 4 billion geolocated tweets from 773 cities across the USA between May 1, 2014 and May 1, 2020. We statistically evaluated the changes in daily hate tweets against changes in local temperature, isolating the temperature influence from confounding factors using binned panel-regression models. Findings - The prevalence of hate tweets was lowest at moderate temperatures (12 to 21?) and marked increases in the number of hate tweets were observed at hotter and colder temperatures, reaching up to 12middot5% (95% CI 8middot0-16middot5) for cold temperature extremes (-6 to -3?) and up to 22middot0% (95% CI 20middot5-23middot5) for hot temperature extremes (42 to 45?). Outside of the moderate temperature range, the hate tweets also increased as a proportion of total tweeting activity. The quasi-quadratic shape of the temperature-hate tweet curve was robust across varying climate zones, income quartiles, religious and political beliefs, and both city-level and state-level aggregations. However, temperature ranges with the lowest prevalence of hate tweets were centred around the local temperature mean and the magnitude of the increases in hate tweets for hot and cold temperatures varied across the climate zones. Interpretation - Our results highlight hate speech online as a potential channel through which temperature alters interpersonal conflict and societal aggression. We provide empirical evidence that hot and cold temperatures can aggravate aggressive tendencies online. The prevalence of the results across climatic and socioeconomic subgroups points to limitations in the ability of humans to adapt to temperature extremes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00173-5 SN - 2542-5196 VL - 6 IS - 9 SP - E714 EP - E725 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olimi, Expedito A1 - Bickel, Samuel A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Matzer, Robert A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Deciphering the microbial composition of biodynamic preparations and their effects on the apple rhizosphere microbiome JF - Frontiers in soil science N2 - Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils. KW - biodynamic farming KW - compost microbiome KW - biodynamic manures KW - biodynamic preparations KW - rhizosphere microbiome KW - 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon sequencing KW - organic soil amendments Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869 SN - 2673-8619 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Masanneck, Lars A1 - Räuber, S. A1 - Gieseler, Pauline A1 - Ruck, T. A1 - Stern, Ariel Dora A1 - Meuth, S. G. A1 - Pawlitzki, M. T1 - Geography and a changing technology landscape: analysing coverage of German multiple sclerosis care networks and digital health technology adoption in multiple sclerosis trials T2 - Multiple sclerosis journal Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221123687 SN - 1352-4585 SN - 1477-0970 VL - 28 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 492 EP - 493 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chromik, Jonas A1 - Klopfenstein, Sophie Anne Ines A1 - Pfitzner, Bjarne A1 - Sinno, Zeena-Carola A1 - Arnrich, Bert A1 - Balzer, Felix A1 - Poncette, Akira-Sebastian T1 - Computational approaches to alleviate alarm fatigue in intensive care medicine: a systematic literature review JF - Frontiers in digital health N2 - Patient monitoring technology has been used to guide therapy and alert staff when a vital sign leaves a predefined range in the intensive care unit (ICU) for decades. However, large amounts of technically false or clinically irrelevant alarms provoke alarm fatigue in staff leading to desensitisation towards critical alarms. With this systematic review, we are following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) checklist in order to summarise scientific efforts that aimed to develop IT systems to reduce alarm fatigue in ICUs. 69 peer-reviewed publications were included. The majority of publications targeted the avoidance of technically false alarms, while the remainder focused on prediction of patient deterioration or alarm presentation. The investigated alarm types were mostly associated with heart rate or arrhythmia, followed by arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Most publications focused on the development of software solutions, some on wearables, smartphones, or headmounted displays for delivering alarms to staff. The most commonly used statistical models were tree-based. In conclusion, we found strong evidence that alarm fatigue can be alleviated by IT-based solutions. However, future efforts should focus more on the avoidance of clinically non-actionable alarms which could be accelerated by improving the data availability. KW - alarm fatigue KW - alarm management KW - alarm optimisation KW - intensive care unit KW - IT system KW - patient monitoring KW - ICU KW - critical care Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.843747 SN - 2673-253X VL - 4 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petzolt, Sophie A1 - Hölzle, Katharina A1 - Kullik, Oliver A1 - Gergeleit, Wiebke A1 - Radunski, Anne T1 - Organisational digital transformation of SMEs—development and application of a digital transformation maturity model for business model transformation JF - International journal of innovation in management N2 - One of the most challenging difficulties for incumbent organisations, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is to manage digital transformation driven by technological change. Incumbent organisations' responses to digital transformation have been extensively studied in the current literature. However, most research neglects digital transformation in SMEs. There are hardly any valid developed measures for the maturity of digital transformation. We present a holistic digital transformation maturity model based on an extensive literature review, qualitative computer-assisted data analysis, and empirical findings. The digital transformation maturity model focuses on small- and medium-sized enterprises' unique features and characteristics. We proved the practical applicability and relevance of the digital transformation maturity model in an extensive study involving various organisations, particularly German SMEs (n = 310). Organisations can use this model to assess themselves initially and, through this process, gain a comprehensive understanding of the multiple forms of digital transformation. KW - organisational digital transformation KW - German Mittelstand KW - SMEs KW - maturity model KW - business model transformation KW - organizational change Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622400175 SN - 1363-9196 SN - 1757-5877 VL - 26 IS - 3 PB - World Scientific Publ. CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jones, Chris A1 - Wiesner, Karoline T1 - Clarifying how degree entropies and degree-degree correlations relate to network robustness JF - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies N2 - It is often claimed that the entropy of a network's degree distribution is a proxy for its robustness. Here, we clarify the link between degree distribution entropy and giant component robustness to node removal by showing that the former merely sets a lower bound to the latter for randomly configured networks when no other network characteristics are specified. Furthermore, we show that, for networks of fixed expected degree that follow degree distributions of the same form, the degree distribution entropy is not indicative of robustness. By contrast, we show that the remaining degree entropy and robustness have a positive monotonic relationship and give an analytic expression for the remaining degree entropy of the log-normal distribution. We also show that degree-degree correlations are not by themselves indicative of a network's robustness for real networks. We propose an adjustment to how mutual information is measured which better encapsulates structural properties related to robustness. KW - complex networks KW - network robustness KW - degree distribution entropy; KW - remaining degree entropy KW - mutual information of networks Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091182 SN - 1099-4300 VL - 24 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Dershowitz, Idan T1 - The dismembered bible T1 - Die zergliederte Bibel BT - cutting and pasting scripture in antiquity BT - Ausschneiden und Einfügen von heiligen Schriften in der Antike T3 - Forschungen zum Alten Testament (FAT) N2 - It is often presumed that biblical redaction was invariably done using conventional scribal methods, meaning that when editors sought to modify or compile existing texts, they would do so in the process of rewriting them upon new scrolls. There is, however, substantial evidence pointing to an alternative scenario: Various sections of the Hebrew Bible appear to have been created through a process of material redaction. In some cases, ancient editors simply appended new sheets to existing scrolls. Other times, they literally cut and pasted their sources, carving out patches of text from multiple manuscripts and then gluing them together like a collage. Idan Dershowitz shows how this surprising technique left behind telltale traces in the biblical text - especially when the editors made mistakes - allowing us to reconstruct their modus operandi. Material evidence from the ancient Near East and elsewhere further supports his hypothesis. N2 - Wesentliche Teile der Hebräischen Bibel wurden durch Ausschneiden und Einfügen erstellt. Textstellen aus vorbiblischen Manuskripten wurden herausgeschnitten und dann wie eine Collage wieder zusammengesetzt. Idan Dershowitz zeigt, wie diese überraschende Technik verräterische Spuren hinterließ, die sich offensichtlich auf den Seiten der Bibel verbergen. »Es handelt sich hier um eine äußerst anregende Studie, die die Forschungsdiskussion nachhaltig beeinflussen wird [...]. The Dismembered Bible ist ein herausragendes Beispiel dafür, was die Bibelwissenschaften von benachbarten Disziplinen lernen können und markiert hoffentlich erst den Anfang eines intensiveren Dialogs zwischen Exegese und der Forschung zu materiellen Aspekten der Textproduktion.« Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-16-159860-9 SN - 978-3-16-159861-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159861-6 VL - 143 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eulenfeld, Tom A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Heimann, Sebastian A1 - Wegler, Ulrich T1 - Fast and robust earthquake source spectra and moment magnitudes from envelope inversion JF - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA N2 - With the present study, we introduce a fast and robust method to calculate the source displacement spectra of small earthquakes on a local to regional scale. The work is based on the publicly available Qopen method of full envelope inversion, which is further tuned for the given purpose. Important source parameters-seismic moment, moment magnitude, corner frequency, and high-frequency fall off-are determined from the source spectra by fitting a simple earthquake source model. The method is demonstrated by means of a data set comprising the 2018 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. We report moment magnitudes, corner frequencies, and centroid moment tensors inverted from short-period body waves with the Grond package for all earthquakes with a local magnitude larger than 1.8. Moment magnitudes calculated by envelope inversion show a very good agreement to moment magnitudes resulting from the probabilisitc moment tensor inversion. Furthermore, source displacement spectra from envelope inversion show a good agreement with spectra obtained by multiple taper analysis of the direct onsets of body waves but are not affected by the large scatter of the second. The seismic moments obtained with the envelope inversion scale with corner frequencies according to M-0 proportional to f(c)(-4.7). Earthquakes of the present data set result in a smaller stress drop for smaller magnitudes. Self-similarity of earthquake rupture is not observed. In addition, we report frequency-dependent site amplification at the used stations. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210200 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 112 IS - 2 SP - 878 EP - 893 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - El Cerito, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henkel, Carsten A1 - Folman, Ron T1 - Internal decoherence in nano-object interferometry due to phonons JF - AVS Quantum Science N2 - We discuss the coherent splitting and recombining of a nanoparticle in a mesoscopic "closed-loop" Stern-Gerlach interferometer in which the observable is the spin of a single impurity embedded in the particle. This spin, when interacting with a pulsed magnetic gradient, generates the force on the particle. We calculate the internal decoherence, which arises as the displaced impurity excites internal degrees of freedom (phonons) that may provide WelcherWeg information and preclude interference. We estimate the constraints this decoherence channel puts on future interference experiments with massive objects. We find that for a wide range of masses, forces, and temperatures, phonons do not inhibit Stern-Gerlach interferometry with micro-scale objects. However, phonons do constitute a fundamental limit on the splitting of larger macroscopic objects if the applied force induces phonons. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0080503 SN - 2639-0213 VL - 4 IS - 2 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kluge, Lucas A1 - Levermann, Anders A1 - Schewe, Jacob T1 - Radiation model for migration with directional preferences JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The radiation model is a parameter-free model of human mobility that has been applied primarily for short-distance moves, such as commuting. When applied to migration, it underestimates the number of long-range moves, such as between different US states. Here we show that it additionally suffers from a conceptual inconsistency that can have substantial numerical effects on long-distance moves. We propose a modification of the radiation model that introduces a dependence on the angle between any two alternative potential destinations, accounting for the possibility that migrants may have preferences about the approximate direction of their move. We demonstrate that this modification mitigates the conceptual inconsistency and improves the model fit to observational migration data, without introducing any fitting parameters. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064138 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 106 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omrani, Hadi A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Shamanian, Gholam Hossein A1 - Omrani, Mehdi T1 - Post-collisional alkaline lamprophyre magmatism in northern Iran BT - implications from whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions JF - The island arc : official journal of the Geological Society of Japan N2 - The Shanderman lamprophyre dykes crop out in the western part of the Alborz Mountains (Talesh). These rocks are classified as camptonites, composed of primary olivine, Ti-rich diopside, kaersutite, biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and minor Ti-rich spinels, magnetite, pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite, and powellite-scheelite. Secondary analcime-wairakite, serpentines, and prehnite are common minor minerals within the studied rocks. Olivine, Ti-rich diopside, spinel, and amphibole show distinct chemical zoning. Spinels display a core-to-rim decrease in Cr2O3, MgO, and Al2O3 concentrations and an increase in TiO2 and FeOT (total Fe as FeO), reflecting the oxidation state increase due to hydrothermal fluid influx. Low SiO2 contents (< 42 wt%), high MgO (12.44 to 13.98 wt%), and Fe2O3T (12.76 to 13.43 wt%), Cr (318-537 mu g/g) and Ni (231-327 mu g/g) contents indicate the ultrabasic nature of the rocks. The samples show potassic character (2.1-2.8 wt% K2O), along with elevated LREE and LILE, and also exhibit minor positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 1.09 to 1.20). Olivine-spinel geothermometry indicates a maximum crystallization temperature of 1227 degrees C (ave. 988 degrees C +/- 65 degrees C). Exsolution of pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite solid solutions occurred during magma cooling and crystallization. At lower temperatures, analcime-wairakite and prehnite partially replaced plagioclases. The geochemical modeling of the rocks indicates the Shanderman lamprophyre magmas were derived from low-grade melting (< 5%) of amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite source without or with very few phlogopites. The primary magma of Shanderman lamprophyres was derived from a depth of similar to 135 km by partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source in a post-collisional environment. KW - Alborz KW - analcime-wairakite KW - camptonite KW - pentlandite-pyrrhotite KW - chalcopyrite KW - powellite-scheelite KW - ultrabasic magma Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.12469 SN - 1038-4871 SN - 1440-1738 VL - 31 IS - 1 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauzon, Camille A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Fischer, Marie A1 - Ahlström, Johan A1 - Fritsch, Tilman A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Hryha, Eduard T1 - Impact of contour scanning and helium-rich process gas on performances of Alloy 718 lattices produced by laser powder bed fusion JF - Materials & Design N2 - Contour scanning and process gas type are process parameters typically considered achieving second order effects compared to first order factors such as laser power and scanning speed. The present work highlights that contour scanning is crucial to ensure geometrical accuracy and thereby the high performance under uniaxial compression of complex Alloy 718 lattice structures. Studies of X-ray computed tomography visualizations of as-built and compression-strained structures reveal the continuous and smooth bending and compression of the walls, and the earlier onset of internal contact appearance in the denser lattices printed with contour. In contrast, the effect of addition of He to the Ar process gas appears to have limited influence on the mechanical response of the lattices and their microstructure as characterized by electron backscattered diffraction. However, the addition of He proved to significantly enhance the cooling rate and to reduce the amount of the generated spatters as evidenced by in situ monitoring of the process emissions, which is very promising for the process stability and powder reusability during laser powder bed fusion. KW - additive manufacturing KW - laser powder bed fusion KW - gyroid lattice KW - process atmosphere KW - Alloy 718 KW - spatters Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110501 SN - 0264-1275 SN - 1873-4197 VL - 215 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius A1 - Mascarenhas, Eric J. A1 - Büchner, Robby A1 - Jay, Raphael M. A1 - Fondell, Mattis A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Foehlisch, Alexander T1 - Metal-water covalency in the photo-aquated ferrocyanide complex as seen by multi-edge picosecond X-ray absorption JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - In this work, we investigate the photo-aquation reaction of the ferrocyanide anion with multi-edge picosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy. Combining the information of the iron L-edge with nitrogen and oxygen K-edges, we carry out a complete characterization of the bonding channels in the [Fe(CN)(5)(H2O)](3-) photo-product. We observe clear spectral signatures of covalent bonding between water and the metal, reflecting the mixing of the Fe d(z)(2) orbital with the 3a(1) and 4a(1) orbitals of H2O. Additional fingerprints related to the symmetry reduction and the resulting loss in orbital degeneracy are also reported. The implications of the elucidated fingerprints in the context of future ultra-fast experiments are also discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp04084k SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 24 IS - 45 SP - 27819 EP - 27826 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vassileva, Magdalena A1 - Al-Halbouni, Djamil A1 - Motagh, Mahdi A1 - Walter, Thomas R. A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Wetzel, Hans-Ulrich T1 - A decade-long silent ground subsidence hazard culminating in a metropolitan disaster in Maceio, Brazil JF - Scientific reports N2 - Ground subsidence caused by natural or anthropogenic processes affects major urban areas worldwide. Sinkhole formation and infrastructure fractures have intensified in the federal capital of Maceio (Alagoas, Brazil) since early 2018, forcing authorities to relocate affected residents and place buildings under demolition. In this study, we present a 16-year history (2004-2020) of surface displacement, which shows precursory deformations in 2004-2005, reaching a maximum cumulative subsidence of approximately 200 cm near the Mundau Lagoon coast in November 2020. By integrating the displacement observations with numerical source modelling, we suggest that extensive subsidence can be primarily associated with the removal of localized, deep-seated material at the location and depth where salt is mined. We discuss the accelerating subsidence rates, influence of severe precipitation events on the aforementioned geological instability, and related hazards. This study suggests that feedback destabilization mechanisms may arise in evaporite systems due to anthropogenic activities, fostering enhanced and complex superficial ground deformation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87033-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stallasch, Sophie E. A1 - Lüdtke, Oliver A1 - Artelt, Cordula A1 - Brunner, Martin T1 - Multilevel design parameters to plan cluster-randomized intervention studies on student achievement in elementary and secondary school JF - Journal of research on educational effectiveness N2 - To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level. Previous research has mostly been conducted in the United States, focused on two-level designs, and limited to core achievement domains (i.e., mathematics, science, reading). Using representative data of students attending grades 1-12 from three German longitudinal large-scale assessments (3,963 <= N <= 14,640), we used three- and two-level latent (covariate) models to provide design parameters and corresponding standard errors for a broad array of domain-specific (e.g., mathematics, science, verbal skills) and domain-general (e.g., basic cognitive functions) achievement outcomes. Three covariate sets were applied comprising (a) pretest scores, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. Design parameters varied considerably as a function of the hierarchical level, achievement outcome, and grade level. Our findings demonstrate the need to strive for an optimal fit between design parameters and target research context. We illustrate the application of design parameters in power analyses. KW - Intraclass correlation KW - explained variance KW - large-scale assessment KW - multilevel latent (covariate) model KW - power analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2020.1823539 SN - 1934-5747 SN - 1934-5739 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 172 EP - 206 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohdan, Artem A1 - Weidl, Martin S. A1 - Morris, Paul J. A1 - Pohl, Martin T1 - The electron foreshock at high-Mach-number non-relativistic oblique shocks JF - Physics of plasmas N2 - In the Universe, matter outside of stars and compact objects is mostly composed of collisionless plasma. The interaction of a supersonic plasma flow with an obstacle results in collisionless shocks that are often associated with intense nonthermal radiation and the production of cosmic ray particles. Motivated by simulations of non-relativistic high-Mach-number shocks in supernova remnants, we investigate the instabilities excited by relativistic electron beams in the extended foreshock of oblique shocks. The phase-space distributions in the inner and outer foreshock regions are derived with a particle-in-cell simulation of the shock and used as initial conditions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions to study their relaxation toward equilibrium. We find that the observed electron-beam instabilities agree very well with the predictions of a linear dispersion analysis: the electrostatic electron-acoustic instability dominates in the outer region of the foreshock, while the denser electron beams in the inner foreshock drive the gyroresonant oblique-whistler instability. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084544 SN - 1070-664X SN - 1089-7674 VL - 29 IS - 5 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - Moderation of technology use in the association between self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' romantic relationship quality JF - Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of technology use for relationship maintenance on the longitudinal associations among self-isolation during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and romantic relationship quality among adolescents. Participants were 239 (120 female; M age = 16.69, standard deviation [SD] = 0.61; 60 percent Caucasian) 11th and 12th graders from three midwestern high schools. To qualify for this study, adolescents had to be in the same romantic relationship for the duration of the study, similar to 7 months (M length of relationship = 10.03 months). Data were collected in October of 2019 (Time 1) and again 7 months later in May of 2020 (Time 2). Adolescents completed a romantic relationship questionnaire at Time 1 and again at Time 2, along with questionnaires on frequency of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance. Findings revealed that increases in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic related positively to the use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance and negatively to Time 2 romantic relationship quality. High use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance buffered against the negative effects of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' romantic relationship quality 7 months later, whereas low use strengthened the negative relationship between self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and romantic relationship quality. These findings suggest the importance of considering the implications of societal crisis or pandemics on adolescents' close relationships, particularly their romantic relationships. KW - romantic relationship KW - COVID-19 KW - coronavirus KW - technology KW - romantic KW - relationship quality KW - adolescent Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0729 SN - 2152-2715 SN - 2152-2723 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 493 EP - 498 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle ER -