TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Regina
A1 - Klemmt, Malte
A1 - Ehni, Hans-Joerg
A1 - Henking, Tanja
A1 - Kuhnmüch, Angelina
A1 - Preiser, Christine
A1 - Koch, Roland
A1 - Ranisch, Robert
T1 - Ethical, legal, and social aspects of symptom checker applications
BT - a scoping review
JF - Medicine, health care and philosophy : a European journal
N2 - Symptom Checker Applications (SCA) are mobile applications often designed for the end-user to assist with symptom assessment and self-triage. SCA are meant to provide the user with easily accessible information about their own health conditions.
However, SCA raise questions regarding ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA), for example, regarding fair access to this new technology.
The aim of this scoping review is to identify the ELSA of SCA in the scientific literature. A scoping review was conducted to identify the ELSA of SCA. Ten databases (e.g., Web of Science and PubMed) were used. Studies on SCA that address ELSA, written in English or German, were included in the review.
The ELSA of SCA were extracted and synthesized using qualitative content analysis. A total of 25,061 references were identified, of which 39 were included in the analysis. The identified aspects were allotted to three main categories: (1) Technology; (2) Individual Level; and (3) Healthcare system.
The results show that there are controversial debates in the literature on the ethical and social challenges of SCA usage. Furthermore, the debates are characterised by a lack of a specific legal perspective and empirical data.
The review provides an overview on the spectrum of ELSA regarding SCA. It offers guidance to stakeholders in the healthcare system, for example, patients, healthcare professionals, and insurance providers and could be used in future empirical research to investigate the perspectives of those affected, such as users.
KW - digitalisation
KW - mHealth
KW - health apps
KW - symptom checker apps
KW - bioethics
KW - scoping review
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-022-10114-y
SN - 1386-7423
SN - 1572-8633
VL - 25
IS - 4
SP - 737
EP - 755
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oren, Yehuda (Yady)
T1 - Plotinus’ concept of ‘We’ and its relation to the Kantian tradition
JF - Revista de estudios kantianos : publicación internacional de la Sociedad de Estudios Kantianos en Lengua Española
N2 - Hailed as an innovative concept in antiquity, Plotinus’ concept of the ‘we’ occupies a nuanced and somewhat elusive systematic position. On the one hand, it locates itself in the realm of the soul rather than the intellect; at the same time, however, it manifests a self-conscious dimension typically ascribed to the intellect rather than the soul. This paper attempts to resolve this ambiguity by interpreting the ‘we’ as a potential of self-consciousness, which explains why the ‘we’ can become similar to, but not identical with, the actual self-consciousness of the intellect. The proposed definition not only brings clarity to the seemingly paradoxical formulations surrounding the ‘we’ in Plotinus’ philosophy but also sheds light on the allegories that Plotinus employs.
Moreover, my analysis highlights the similarity between the Plotinian ‘we’ and the characterizations of the self within the Kantian tradition. Drawing on Cassirer’s dichotomy between concepts of substance and concepts of function, and Kant’s assertion that the ‘I think’ represents a potentiality rather than an actuality of self-consciousness, this study attempts to provide a conceptual bridge between the Plotinian and Kantian frameworks.
KW - Plotinus
KW - History of Philosophy
KW - Self-consciousness
KW - Neoplatonism
KW - Kantian Tradition
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.7203/REK.9.1.27679
SN - 2445-0669
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació, Servei d'Informàtica
CY - València
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Wolf, Hans-Georg
A1 - Polzenhagen, Frank
T1 - Cultural Linguistics
BT - some disciplinary and terminological considerations
T2 - The Handbook of Cultural Linguistics (Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics (SHLL))
N2 - Without a doubt, not only through numerous landmark publications (e.g., Sharifian 2003, 2011, 2015, 2017a, b), Farzad Sharifian has shaped the field of Cultural Linguistics like no one has. The success of Cultural Linguistics has been due, to a considerable extent, to the integration of previous theoretical concepts, methods, and terminologies into a unified theoretical approach. However, this process of integration, to our minds, has not been completed. In fact, the first author of this chapter, in a couple of his publications (Wolf et al. 2021; Kühmstedt and Wolf 2022) was about to enter into a terminological debate with Farzad Sharifian, when he left us too early. In this chapter, we would like to take up and systematize this debate. Primarily, as regards theory, we will focus on the relation of Cultural Linguistics to Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and as regards terminology, on the central concept of “cultural conceptualization.” By doing so, it is our hope to solidify the paradigm of Cultural Linguistics even more and to provide a further terminological refinement for “cultural conceptualization.”
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-981-99-3799-8
SN - 978-981-99-3800-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3800-1_7
SP - 109
EP - 134
PB - Springer
CY - Singapore
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schödl, Isabel
A1 - Odemer, Richard
A1 - Becher, Matthias A.
A1 - Berg, Stefan
A1 - Otten, Christoph
A1 - Grimm, Volker
A1 - Groeneveld, Jürgen
T1 - Simulation of Varroa mite control in honey bee colonies without synthetic acaricides: demonstration of Good Beekeeping Practice for Germany in the BEEHAVE model
JF - Ecology and evolution
N2 - The BEEHAVE model simulates the population dynamics and foraging activity of a single honey bee colony (Apis mellifera) in great detail. Although it still makes numerous simplifying assumptions, it appears to capture a wide range of empirical observations.
It could, therefore, in principle, also be used as a tool in beekeeper education, as it allows the implementation and comparison of different management options.
Here, we focus on treatments aimed at controlling the mite Varroa destructor. However, since BEEHAVE was developed in the UK, mite treatment includes the use of a synthetic acaricide, which is not part of Good Beekeeping Practice in Germany.
A practice that consists of drone brood removal from April to June, treatment with formic acid in August/September, and treatment with oxalic acid in November/December. We implemented these measures, focusing on the timing, frequency, and spacing between drone brood removals.
The effect of drone brood removal and acid treatment, individually or in combination, on a mite-infested colony was examined. We quantify the efficacy of Varroa mite control as the reduction of mites in treated bee colonies compared to untreated bee colonies. We found that drone brood removal was very effective, reducing mites by 90% at the end of the first simulation year after the introduction of mites. This value was significantly higher than the 50-67% reduction expected by bee experts and confirmed by empirical studies.
However, literature reports varying percent reductions in mite numbers from 10 to 85% after drone brood removal. The discrepancy between model results, empirical data, and expert estimates indicate that these three sources should be reviewed and refined, as all are based on simplifying assumptions.
These results and the adaptation of BEEHAVE to the Good Beekeeping Practice are a decisive step forward for the future use of BEEHAVE in beekeeper education in Germany and anywhere where organic acids and drone brood removal are utilized.
KW - acaricides
KW - BEEHAVE
KW - beekeeping
KW - drones
KW - education
KW - honey bees
KW - modelling
KW - pest control
KW - Varroa mite
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9456
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 12
IS - 11
PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jiang, Feng
A1 - Song, Junwei
A1 - Bauer, Jonas
A1 - Gao, Linyu
A1 - Vallon, Magdalena
A1 - Gebhardt, Reiner
A1 - Leisner, Thomas
A1 - Norra, Stefan
A1 - Saathoff, Harald
T1 - Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at anurban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
JF - Atmospheric chemistry and physics
N2 - The optical properties, chemical composition, and potential chromophores of brown carbon (BrC) aerosol particles were studied during typical summertime and wintertime at a kerbside in downtown Karl-sruhe, a city in central Europe.
The average absorption coefficient and mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (Abs(365) and MAE(365)) of methanol-soluble BrC (MS-BrC) were lower in the summer period (1.6 +/- 0.5 Mm(-1), 0.5 +/- 0.2 m(2) g(-1)) than in the winter period (2.8 +/- 1.9 Mm(-1), 1.1 +/- 0.3 m(2) g(-1)). Using a parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to identify chromophores, two different groups of highly oxygenated humic-like substances (HO-HULIS) dominated in summer and contributed 96 +/- 6 % of the total fluorescence intensity.
In contrast, less-oxygenated HULIS (LO-HULIS) dominated the total fluorescence intensity in winter with 57 +/- 12 %, followed by HO-HULIS with 31 +/- 18 %. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of organic compounds detected in real time by an online aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) led to five characteristic organic compound classes.
The statistical analysis of PARAFAC components and PMF factors showed that LO-HULIS chromophores were most likely emitted from biomass burning in winter. HO-HULIS chromophores could be low-volatility oxy-genated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer.
Five nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were identified by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (C7H7O3N, C7H7O4N, C6H5O5N, C6H5O4N, and C6H5O3N), which contributed 0.03 +/- 0.01 % to the total organic mass but can explain 0.3 +/- 0.1 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm in winter.
Furthermore, we identified 316 potential brown carbon molecules which accounted for 2.5 +/- 0.6 % of the organic aerosol mass. Using an average mass absorption efficiency (MAE(365)) of 9.5 m(2)g(-1) for these compounds, we can es-timate their mean light absorption to be 1.2 +/- 0.2 Mm(-1), accounting for 32 +/- 15 % of the total absorption of MS-BrC at 365 nm.
This indicates that a small fraction of brown carbon molecules dominates the overall ab-sorption. The potential BrC molecules assigned to the LO-HULIS component had a higher average molecular weight (265 +/- 2 Da) and more nitrogen-containing molecules (62 +/- 1 %) than the molecules assigned to the HOHULIS components.
Our analysis shows that the LO-HULIS, with a high contribution of nitrogen-containing molecules originating from biomass burning, dominates aerosol fluorescence in winter, and HO-HULIS, with fewer nitrogen-containing molecules as low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol from regional transport and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), dominates in summer.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14971-2022
SN - 1680-7316
SN - 1680-7324
VL - 22
IS - 22
SP - 14971
EP - 14986
PB - EGU
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Oren, Yehuda (Yady)
T1 - Dogmatism, criticism, divine ideals
BT - Rav A. I. Kook’s concept of God in light of H. Cohen
JF - Naharaim : Zeitschrift für deutsch-jüdische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte
N2 - This paper examines the claim that the two final articles of Rav Kook’s book Ikvei Hatzon were written as a response to a lecture given by Hermann Cohen. It first reviews Cohen’s lecture showing that, regarding the concept of God, Cohen argues for the compatibility of Judaism and Kantianism in denying the dogmatic-mythological preoccupation with the existence of God in favor of understanding God as the basis of morality. Second, it analyzes Kook’s articles, demonstrating that he accepts the compatibility of Judaism and Kantianism together with the denial of the dogmatic relation to God as a substance.
Nevertheless, Kook is not satisfied with the critical view that denies the dogmatic relation to the substance altogether, since it formulates a merely negative relationship with God. Instead, he develops his concept of the Divine Ideals, which synthesizes the dogmatic preoccupation with substantiality and the critical denial of it. The Divine Ideals are the moral progression of man, through which man gradually becomes identical to God. Within the Divine Ideals, dogmatism becomes an emotional striving to be identical with God as a substance, while criticism is the intellectual negation of the possibility of such identity, which ensures that the process will continue indefinitely.
KW - Abraham Isaac Kook
KW - philosophy of religion,
KW - critical philosophy
KW - Hermann Cohen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/naha-2020-0006
SN - 1862-9156
SN - 1862-9148
VL - 15
IS - 2
SP - 153
EP - 177
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinen, Darlene
A1 - Heissel, Andreas
A1 - Heinzel, Stephan
A1 - Fydrich, Thomas
A1 - Ströhle, Andreas
A1 - Rapp, Michael A.
A1 - Vogel, Heike
T1 - Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients
JF - BMC public health
N2 - Background
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels.
Methods
Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period.
Results
Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels.
Conclusion
Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels.
Trial registration
The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015.
KW - Depression
KW - Leptin levels
KW - Exercise
KW - Body fat
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4
SN - 1471-2458
VL - 23
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyer, Philipp
A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1 - Seckler, Henrik
A1 - Hering, Robert
A1 - Blaum, Niels
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Directedeness, correlations, and daily cycles in springbok motion
BT - from data via stochastic models to movement prediction
JF - Physical review research
N2 - How predictable is the next move of an animal? Specifically, which factors govern the short- and long-term motion patterns and the overall dynamics of land-bound, plant-eating animals in general and ruminants in particular? To answer this question, we here study the movement dynamics of springbok antelopes Antidorcas marsupialis. We propose several complementary statistical-analysis techniques combined with machine-learning approaches to analyze—across multiple time scales—the springbok motion recorded in long-term GPS tracking of collared springboks at a private wildlife reserve in Namibia. As a result, we are able to predict the springbok movement within the next hour with a certainty of about 20%. The remaining about 80% are stochastic in nature and are induced by unaccounted factors in the modeling algorithm and by individual behavioral features of springboks. We find that directedness of motion contributes approximately 17% to this predicted fraction. We find that the measure for directedeness is strongly dependent on the daily cycle of springbok activity. The previously known daily affinity of springboks to their water points, as predicted from our machine-learning algorithm, overall accounts for only about 3% of this predicted deterministic component of springbok motion. Moreover, the resting points are found to affect the motion of springboks at least as much as the formally studied effects of water points. The generality of these statements for the motion patterns and their underlying behavioral reasons for other ruminants can be examined on the basis of our statistical-analysis tools in the future.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043129
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 5
IS - 4
PB - APS
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Otieno, Melvine Anyango
A1 - Moonga, Given
A1 - Nidens, Nathalie
A1 - Magero, Norah Vivian
A1 - Jung, Laura
T1 - Adapting to a changing environment: inspiration for planetary health from east African communities
T2 - The lancet. Planetary health
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00193-0
SN - 2542-5196
VL - 6
IS - 10
SP - E775
EP - E776
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Knauer, Jan Felix
A1 - Liers, Christiane
A1 - Hahn, Stephanie
A1 - Wuestenhagen, Doreen A.
A1 - Zemella, Anne
A1 - Kellner, Harald
A1 - Haueis, Lisa
A1 - Hofrichter, Martin
A1 - Kubick, Stefan
T1 - Cell-free production of the bifunctional glycoside hydrolase GH78 from
Xylaria polymorpha
JF - Enzyme and microbial technology : biotechnology research and reviews
N2 - The ability to catalyze diverse reactions with relevance for chemical and pharmaceutical research and industry has led to an increasing interest in fungal enzymes.
There is still an enormous potential considering the sheer amount of new enzymes from the huge diversity of fungi.
Most of these fungal enzymes have not been characterized yet due to the lack of high throughput synthesis and analysis methods.
This bottleneck could be overcome by means of cell-free protein synthesis. In this study, cell-free protein synthesis based on eukaryotic cell lysates was utilized to produce a functional glycoside hydrolase (GH78) from the soft-rot fungus Xylaria polymorpha (Ascomycota).
The enzyme was successfully synthesized under different reaction conditions.
We characterized its enzymatic activities and immobilized the protein via FLAG-Tag interaction. Alteration of several conditions including reaction temperature, template design and lysate supplementation had an influence on the activity of cell-free synthesized GH78.
Consequently this led to a production of purified GH78 with a specific activity of 15.4 U mg? 1.
The results of this study may be foundational for future high throughput fungal enzyme screenings, including substrate spectra analysis and mutant screenings.
KW - rhamnosidase
KW - esterase
KW - Xylariales
KW - cell-free protein synthesis
KW - immobilization
KW - template design
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110110
SN - 0141-0229
SN - 1879-0909
VL - 161
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baritello, Omar
A1 - Stein, Hanna
A1 - Wolff, Lara Luisa
A1 - Hamann, Maria
A1 - Völler, Heinz
A1 - Salzwedel, Annett
T1 - Effect of multicomponent rehabilitation on independence and functioning in elderly patients with common age-associated diseases
BT - protocol for a scoping review (REHOLD)
JF - BMJ open
N2 - Introduction
Elderly patients after hospitalisation for acute events on account of age-related diseases (eg, joint or heart valve replacement surgery) are often characterised by a remarkably reduced functional health. Multicomponent rehabilitation (MR) is considered an appropriate approach to restore the functioning of these patients. However, its efficacy in improving functioning-related outcomes such as care dependency, activities of daily living (ADL), physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQL) remains unclarified. We outline the research framework of a scoping review designed to map the available evidence of the effects of MR on the independence and functional capacity of elderly patients hospitalised for age-related diseases in four main medical specialties beyond geriatrics.
Methods and analysis
The biomedical databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ICTRP Search Platform, ClinicalTrials) and additionally Google Scholar will be systematically searched for studies comparing centre-based MR with usual care in patients ≥75 years of age, hospitalised for common acute events due to age-related diseases (eg, joint replacement, stroke) in one of the specialties of orthopaedics, oncology, cardiology or neurology. MR is defined as exercise training and at least one additional component (eg, nutritional counselling), starting within 3 months after hospital discharge. Randomised controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective controlled cohort studies will be included from inception and without language restriction. Studies investigating patients <75 years, other specialties (eg, geriatrics), rehabilitation definition or differently designed will be excluded. Care dependency after at least a 6-month follow-up is set as the primary outcome. Physical function, HRQL, ADL, rehospitalisation and mortality will be additionally considered. Data for each outcome will be summarised, stratified by specialty, study design and type of assessment. Furthermore, quality assessment of the included studies will be performed.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and/or international congresses.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068722
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 13
IS - 5
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Guillen, Rafael Arce
A1 - Lindgren, Finn
A1 - Muff, Stefanie
A1 - Glass, Thomas W.
A1 - Breed, Greg A.
A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike
T1 - Accounting for unobserved spatial variation in step selection analyses of animal movement via spatial random effects
JF - Methods in ecology and evolution : MEE
N2 - Step selection analysis (SSA) is a common framework for understanding animal movement and resource selection using telemetry data. Such data are, however, inherently autocorrelated in space, a complication that could impact SSA‐based inference if left unaddressed. Accounting for spatial correlation is standard statistical practice when analysing spatial data, and its importance is increasingly recognized in ecological models (e.g. species distribution models). Nonetheless, no framework yet exists to account for such correlation when analysing animal movement using SSA.
Here, we extend the popular method integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) by including a Gaussian field (GF) in the linear predictor to account for spatial correlation. For this, we use the Bayesian framework R‐INLA and the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) technique.
We show through a simulation study that our method provides accurate fixed effects estimates, quantifies their uncertainty well and improves the predictions. In addition, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method by applying it to three wolverine (Gulo gulo) tracks.
Our method solves the problems of assuming spatially independent residuals in the SSA framework. In addition, it offers new possibilities for making long‐term predictions of habitat usage.
KW - animal movement
KW - habitat selection
KW - inlabru
KW - spatial statistics
KW - step selection analysis
KW - telemetry data
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14208
SN - 2041-210X
VL - 14
IS - 10
SP - 2639
EP - 2653
PB - Wiley
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Villalba, Luis Alberto
A1 - Kasada, Minoru
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Wollrab, Sabine
A1 - Grossart, Hans Peter
T1 - Differing escape responses of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of planktonic vs. surface-associated protist grazers
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
N2 - Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example, some bacteria can use planktonic as well as surface-associated habitats, providing a potential escape mechanism to habitat-specific grazers.
We investigated the escape response of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of either planktonic (nanoflagellate: Cafeteria roenbergensis) or surface-associated (amoeba: Vannella anglica) protist predators, following population dynamics over time.
In the presence of V. anglica, M. adhaerens cell density increased in the water, but decreased on solid surfaces, indicating an escape response towards the planktonic habitat. In contrast, the planktonic predator C. roenbergensis induced bacterial escape to the surface habitat. While C. roenbergensis cell numbers dropped substantially after a sharp initial increase, V. anglica exhibited a slow, but constant growth throughout the entire experiment.
In the presence of C. roenbergensis, M. adhaerens rapidly formed cell clumps in the water habitat, which likely prevented consumption of the planktonic M. adhaerens by the flagellate, resulting in a strong decline in the predator population.
Our results indicate an active escape of M. adhaerens via phenotypic plasticity (i.e., behavioral and morphological changes) against predator ingestion.
This study highlights the potentially important role of behavioral escape mechanisms for community composition and energy flow in pelagic environments, especially with globally rising particle loads in aquatic systems through human activities and extreme weather events.
KW - pelagic environment
KW - microbial loop
KW - bacterial lifestyles
KW - adaptive dynamics
KW - inducible defense
KW - habitat choice
KW - predator-prey interactions
KW - phenotypic plasticity
KW - bacterial defensive mechanisms
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082
SN - 1661-6596
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 23
IS - 17
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kooten, Willemijn Sarah Maria Theresia van
A1 - Del Papa, Cecilia E.
A1 - Starck, Daniel
A1 - Sobel, Edward
A1 - Cavalleri, Pablo
A1 - Agueera, Maximiliano
A1 - Schijndel, Valby van
A1 - Glodny, Johannes
T1 - Evidence of Jurassic extension in NW Argentina: characterization of fault-related strata at the Salta Group base using sandstone provenance and zircon U-Pb geochronology
JF - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2 - The present-day structure of the Eastern Cordillera in NW Argentina is governed by structural and lithological heterogeneities inherited from preceding deformation phases, which influence the localization of newly-formed faults and the inversion of pre-existing structures.
The Salta Rift Basin formed during a Late Jurassic-Cretaceous extensional phase and created a dominant structural and stratigraphic imprint in NW Argentina that is partic-ularly evident within the Eastern Cordillera, where uplift and exhumation have exposed the Salta Group syn-rift succession.
Although in general, the Salta Group rests upon Paleozoic rocks, locally the Tacuru Group forms an intermediate succession, consisting of interfingering eolian sandstones and proximal fault-related conglomerates with a Jurassic maximum depositional age. This succession might be the key to unraveling the Mesozoic history of NW Argentina, prior to the deposition of the Salta Group.
The conglomerates represent the earliest deposits related to extension in the western Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin, which is also documented in predominantly Jurassic zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He cooling ages of the rift shoulders. The detrital zircon U-Pb age signature and sandstone provenance of the Tacuru Group conglomerates differs strongly from the Salta Group syn-rift strata, which show a more regional signal.
These variations and the angularity of the unconformity may be connected to a rotation of the extension direction in the western Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin.
KW - U-Pb zircon
KW - provenance
KW - Salta Rift
KW - extension
KW - Central Andes
KW - Mesozoic
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104048
SN - 0895-9811
SN - 1873-0647
VL - 120
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Patton, Annette I.
A1 - Luna, Lisa
A1 - Roering, Joshua J.
A1 - Jacobs, Aaron
A1 - Korup, Oliver
A1 - Mirus, Benjamin B.
T1 - Landslide initiation thresholds in data-sparse regions
BT - application to landslide early warning criteria in Sitka, Alaska, USA
JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS
N2 - Probabilistic models to inform landslide early warning systems often rely on rainfall totals observed during past events with landslides. However, these models are generally developed for broad regions using large catalogs, with dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of landslide occurrences. This study evaluates strategies for training landslide forecasting models with a scanty record of landslide-triggering events, which is a typical limitation in remote, sparsely populated regions. We evaluate 136 statistical models trained on a precipitation dataset with five landslide-triggering precipitation events recorded near Sitka, Alaska, USA, as well as 6000 d of non-triggering rainfall (2002–2020). We also conduct extensive statistical evaluation for three primary purposes: (1) to select the best-fitting models, (2) to evaluate performance of the preferred models, and (3) to select and evaluate warning thresholds. We use Akaike, Bayesian, and leave-one-out information criteria to compare the 136 models, which are trained on different cumulative precipitation variables at time intervals ranging from 1 h to 2 weeks, using both frequentist and Bayesian methods to estimate the daily probability and intensity of potential landslide occurrence (logistic regression and Poisson regression). We evaluate the best-fit models using leave-one-out validation as well as by testing a subset of the data. Despite this sparse landslide inventory, we find that probabilistic models can effectively distinguish days with landslides from days without slide activity. Our statistical analyses show that 3 h precipitation totals are the best predictor of elevated landslide hazard, and adding antecedent precipitation (days to weeks) did not improve model performance. This relatively short timescale of precipitation combined with the limited role of antecedent conditions likely reflects the rapid draining of porous colluvial soils on the very steep hillslopes around Sitka. Although frequentist and Bayesian inferences produce similar estimates of landslide hazard, they do have different implications for use and interpretation: frequentist models are familiar and easy to implement, but Bayesian models capture the rare-events problem more explicitly and allow for better understanding of parameter uncertainty given the available data. We use the resulting estimates of daily landslide probability to establish two decision boundaries that define three levels of warning. With these decision boundaries, the frequentist logistic regression model incorporates National Weather Service quantitative precipitation forecasts into a real-time landslide early warning “dashboard” system (https://sitkalandslide.org/, last access: 9 October 2023). This dashboard provides accessible and data-driven situational awareness for community members and emergency managers.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3261-2023
SN - 1684-9981
SN - 1561-8633
VL - 23
IS - 10
SP - 3261
EP - 3284
PB - European Geophysical Society
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pfau, Monika
A1 - Veh, Georg
A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
T1 - Cast shadows reveal changes in glacier surface elevation
JF - The Cryosphere : TC
N2 - Increased rates of glacier retreat and thinning need accurate local estimates of glacier elevation change to predict future changes in glacier runoff and their contribution to sea level rise. Glacier elevation change is typically derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) tied to surface change analysis from satellite imagery. Yet, the rugged topography in mountain regions can cast shadows onto glacier surfaces, making it difficult to detect local glacier elevation changes in remote areas. A rather untapped resource comprises precise, time-stamped metadata on the solar position and angle in satellite images. These data are useful for simulating shadows from a given DEM. Accordingly, any differences in shadow length between simulated and mapped shadows in satellite images could indicate a change in glacier elevation relative to the acquisition date of the DEM. We tested this hypothesis at five selected glaciers with long-term monitoring programmes. For each glacier, we projected cast shadows onto the glacier surface from freely available DEMs and compared simulated shadows to cast shadows mapped from ∼40 years of Landsat images. W validated the relative differences with geodetic measurements of glacier elevation change where these shadows occurred. We find that shadow-derived glacier elevation changes are consistent with independent photogrammetric and geodetic surveys in shaded areas. Accordingly, a shadow cast on Baltoro Glacier (the Karakoram, Pakistan) suggests no changes in elevation between 1987 and 2020, while shadows on Great Aletsch Glacier (Switzerland) point to negative thinning rates of about 1 m yr−1 in our sample. Our estimates of glacier elevation change are tied to occurrence of mountain shadows and may help complement field campaigns in regions that are difficult to access. This information can be vital to quantify possibly varying elevation-dependent changes in the accumulation or ablation zone of a given glacier. Shadow-based retrieval of glacier elevation changes hinges on the precision of the DEM as the geometry of ridges and peaks constrains the shadow that we cast on the glacier surface. Future generations of DEMs with higher resolution and accuracy will improve our method, enriching the toolbox for tracking historical glacier mass balances from satellite and aerial images.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3535-2023
SN - 1994-0424
SN - 1994-0416
VL - 17
IS - 8
SP - 3535
EP - 3551
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Lindsay, Richard J.
A1 - Stelzl, Lukas S.
A1 - Pietrek, Lisa
A1 - Hummer, Gerhard
A1 - Wigge, Philip Anthony
A1 - Hanson, Sonya M.
T1 - Helical region near poly-Q tract in prion-like domain of Arabidopsis ELF3 plays role in temperature-sensing mechanism
T2 - Biophysical journal
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.964
SN - 0006-3495
SN - 1542-0086
VL - 121
IS - 3
SP - 355A
EP - 356A
PB - Cell Press
CY - Cambridge, Mass.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wang, Wei
A1 - Balcerek, Michał
A1 - Burnecki, Krzysztof
A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1 - Janušonis, Skirmantas
A1 - Ślęzak, Jakub
A1 - Vojta, Thomas
A1 - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Memory-multi-fractional Brownian motion with continuous correlations
JF - Physical review research
N2 - We propose a generalization of the widely used fractional Brownian motion (FBM), memory-multi-FBM (MMFBM), to describe viscoelastic or persistent anomalous diffusion with time-dependent memory exponent α(t ) in a changing environment. In MMFBM the built-in, long-range memory is continuously modulated by α(t ). We derive the essential statistical properties of MMFBM such as its response function, mean-squared displacement (MSD), autocovariance function, and Gaussian distribution. In contrast to existing forms of FBM with time-varying memory exponents but a reset memory structure, the instantaneous dynamic of MMFBM is influenced by the process history, e.g., we show that after a steplike change of α(t ) the scaling exponent of the MSD after the α step may be determined by the value of α(t ) before the change. MMFBM is a versatile and useful process for correlated physical systems with nonequilibrium initial conditions in a changing environment.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L032025
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 5
IS - 3
PB - APS
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dordevic, Milos
A1 - Maile, Olga
A1 - Das, Anustup
A1 - Kundu, Sumit
A1 - Haun, Carolin
A1 - Baier, Bernhard
A1 - Müller, Notger Germar
T1 - A comparison of immersive vs. non-immersive virtual reality exercises for the upper limb
BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study with healthy participants
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal
N2 - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows for a reliable assessment of oxygenated blood flow in relevant brain regions. Recent advancements in immersive virtual reality (VR)-based technology have generated many new possibilities for its application, such as in stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we asked whether there is a difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) within brain motor areas during hand/arm movements between immersive and non-immersive VR settings. Ten healthy young participants (24.3 ± 3.7, three females) were tested using a specially developed VR paradigm, called “bus riding”, whereby participants used their hand to steer a moving bus. Both immersive and non-immersive conditions stimulated brain regions controlling hand movements, namely motor cortex, but no significant differences in HbO2 could be found between the two conditions in any of the relevant brain regions. These results are to be interpreted with caution, as only ten participants were included in the study.
KW - virtual reality
KW - fNIRS
KW - upper limb
KW - immersive
KW - hemoglobin
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185781
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 12
IS - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rezaei, Leila
A1 - Timmerman, Martin Jan
A1 - Moazzen, Mohssen
A1 - Altenberger, Uwe
A1 - Sláma, Jiří
A1 - Sudo, Masafumi
A1 - Günter, Christina
A1 - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena
A1 - Schleicher, Anja M.
T1 - Mid-cretaceous extensional magmatism in the Alborz Mountains, north Iran
BT - geochemistry and geochronology of Gasht-Masuleh gabbros
JF - Swiss journal of geosciences
N2 - In the Gasht-Masuleh area in the Alborz Mountains, gabbroic magma intruded Palaeozoic metasediments and Mesozoic sediments and crystallised as isotropic and cumulate gabbros. LREE enrichment points to relatively low degrees of mantle melting and depletion of Ti, Nb and Ta relative to primitive mantle points to an arc related component in the magma. Clinopyroxene compositions indicate MORB to arc signatures. U–Pb zircon crystallisation ages of 99.5 ± 0.6 Ma and 99.4 ± 0.6 Ma and phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 97.1 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.5 ± 0.4 Ma, 97.1 ± 0.1 Ma, within 2σ error, indicate that gabbro intrusion occurred in the (Albian-)Cenomanian (mid-Cretaceous). As active subduction did not take place in the Cretaceous in North Iran, the small volume mafic magmatism in the Gasht-Masuleh area must be due to local, extension-related mantle melting. Melting was most likely caused by far field effects triggered by roll-back of the Neo-Tethys subducting slab. As subduction took place at a distance of ~ 400 km (present distance) from the Alborz Mountains, the observed arc geochemical signatures must be inherited from a previous subduction event and concomitant mantle metasomatism, possibly in combination with contamination of the magma by crustal material.
KW - gabbro
KW - mid-cretaceous
KW - extension
KW - Gasht-Masuleh
KW - Alborz Mountains
KW - North Iran
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-023-00443-2
SN - 1661-8734
SN - 1661-8726
VL - 116
PB - Birkhäuser
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartmann, Gregor
A1 - Goetzke, Gesa
A1 - Düsterer, Stefan
A1 - Feuer-Forson, Peter
A1 - Lever, Fabiano
A1 - Meier, David
A1 - Möller, Felix
A1 - Ramirez, Luis Vera
A1 - Gühr, Markus
A1 - Tiedtke, Kai
A1 - Viefhaus, Jens
A1 - Braune, Markus
T1 - Unsupervised real-world knowledge extraction via disentangled variational autoencoders for photon diagnostics
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - We present real-world data processing on measured electron time-of-flight data via neural networks. Specifically, the use of disentangled variational autoencoders on data from a diagnostic instrument for online wavelength monitoring at the free electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Without a-priori knowledge the network is able to find representations of single-shot FEL spectra, which have a low signal-to-noise ratio. This reveals, in a directly human-interpretable way, crucial information about the photon properties. The central photon energy and the intensity as well as very detector-specific features are identified. The network is also capable of data cleaning, i.e. denoising, as well as the removal of artefacts. In the reconstruction, this allows for identification of signatures with very low intensity which are hardly recognisable in the raw data. In this particular case, the network enhances the quality of the diagnostic analysis at FLASH. However, this unsupervised method also has the potential to improve the analysis of other similar types of spectroscopy data.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25249-4
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krämer, Kai Hauke
A1 - Hellmann, Frank
A1 - Anvari, Mehrnaz
A1 - Kurths, Jürgen
A1 - Marwan, Norbert
T1 - Spike spectra for recurrences
JF - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies
N2 - In recurrence analysis, the tau-recurrence rate encodes the periods of the cycles of the underlying high-dimensional time series. It, thus, plays a similar role to the autocorrelation for scalar time-series in encoding temporal correlations.
However, its Fourier decomposition does not have a clean interpretation. Thus, there is no satisfactory analogue to the power spectrum in recurrence analysis.
We introduce a novel method to decompose the tau-recurrence rate using an over-complete basis of Dirac combs together with sparsity regularization.
We show that this decomposition, the inter-spike spectrum, naturally provides an analogue to the power spectrum for recurrence analysis in the sense that it reveals the dominant periodicities of the underlying time series.
We show that the inter-spike spectrum correctly identifies patterns and transitions in the underlying system in a wide variety of examples and is robust to measurement noise.
KW - decomposition
KW - frequency analysis
KW - recurrence analysis
KW - bifurcations
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111689
SN - 1099-4300
VL - 24
IS - 11
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Holl, Anna K.
A1 - Trommler, Denny
A1 - Schmitt, Manfred J.
T1 - Responses toward injustice shaped by justice sensitivity - evidence from Germany
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS).
However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses.
We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim's, observer's, beneficiary's, and perpetrator's perspectives, and several control variables.
Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice.
It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective.
These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being.
KW - justice sensitivity
KW - anger
KW - sadness
KW - helplessness
KW - social withdrawal
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858291
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Petrich, Annett
A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore
T1 - Influenza a virus infection alters lipid packing and surface electrostatic potential of the host plasma membrane
JF - Viruses
N2 - The pathogenesis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is influenced by several factors, including IAV strain origin and reassortment, tissue tropism and host type. While such factors were mostly investigated in the context of virus entry, fusion and replication, little is known about the viral-induced changes to the host lipid membranes which might be relevant in the context of virion assembly. In this work, we applied several biophysical fluorescence microscope techniques (i.e., Förster energy resonance transfer, generalized polarization imaging and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) to quantify the effect of infection by two IAV strains of different origin on the plasma membrane (PM) of avian and human cell lines. We found that IAV infection affects the membrane charge of the inner leaflet of the PM. Moreover, we showed that IAV infection impacts lipid–lipid interactions by decreasing membrane fluidity and increasing lipid packing. Because of such alterations, diffusive dynamics of membrane-associated proteins are hindered. Taken together, our results indicate that the infection of avian and human cell lines with IAV strains of different origins had similar effects on the biophysical properties of the PM.
KW - fluorescence microscopy
KW - spectral imaging
KW - quantitative microscopy
KW - fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
KW - fluorescence resonance energy transfer
KW - biosensors
KW - plasma membrane
KW - membrane fluidity
KW - lipid packing
KW - influenza A virus
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091830
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 15
IS - 9
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haltaufderheide, Joschka
A1 - Lucht, Annika
A1 - Strünck, Christoph
A1 - Vollmann, Jochen
T1 - Increasing efficiency and well-being?
BT - a systematic review of the empirical claims of the double-benefit argument in socially assistive devices
JF - BMC medical ethics
N2 - Background: Socially assistive devices (care robots, companions, smart screen assistants) have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. One of the most prevalent arguments in the debate is the double-benefit argument claiming that socially assistive devices may not only provide benefits for autonomy and well-being of their users but might also be more efficient than other caring practices and might help to mitigate scarce resources in healthcare. Against this background, we used a subset of comparative empirical studies from a comprehensive systematic review on effects and perceptions of human-machine interaction with socially assistive devices to gather and appraise all available evidence supporting this argument from the empirical side.
Methods: Electronic databases and additional sources were queried using a comprehensive search strategy which generated 9851 records. Studies were screened independently by two authors. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For 39 reports using a comparative study design, a narrative synthesis was performed.
Results: The data shows positive evidential support to claim that some socially assistive devices (Paro) might be able to contribute to the well-being and autonomy of their users. However, results also indicate that these positive findings may be heavily dependent on the context of use and the population. In addition, we found evidence that socially assistive devices can have negative effects on certain populations. Evidence regarding the claim of efficiency is scarce. Existing results indicate that socially assistive devices can be more effective than standard of care but are far less effective than plush toys or placebo devices.
Discussion: We suggest using the double-benefit argument with great caution as it is not supported by the currently available evidence. The occurrence of potentially negative effects of socially assistive devices requires more research and indicates a more complex ethical calculus than suggested by the double-benefit argument.
KW - health care technology
KW - health services for the aged
KW - medical ethics
KW - systematic review
KW - socially assistive devices
KW - care robots
KW - autonomy
KW - well-being
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00984-z
SN - 1472-6939
VL - 24
IS - 1
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yu, Jinde
A1 - Xing, Yifan
A1 - Shen, Zichao
A1 - Zhu, Yuanwei
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Koch, Norbert
A1 - Lu, Guanghao
T1 - Infrared spectroscopy depth profiling of organic thin films
JF - Materials horizons
N2 - Organic thin films are widely used in organic electronics and coatings. Such films often feature film-depth dependent variations of composition and optoelectronic properties. State-of-the-art depth profiling methods such as mass spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy rely on non-intrinsic species (vaporized ions, etching-induced surface defects), which are chemically and functionally different from the original materials. Here we introduce an easily-accessible and generally applicable depth profiling method: film-depth-dependent infrared (FDD-IR) spectroscopy profilometry based on directly measuring the intrinsic material after incremental surface-selective etching by a soft plasma, to study the material variations along the surface-normal direction. This depth profiling uses characteristic vibrational signatures of the involved compounds, and can be used for both conjugated and non-conjugated, neutral and ionic materials. A film-depth resolution of one nanometer is achieved. We demonstrate the application of this method for investigation of device-relevant thin films, including organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic cells, as well as ionized dopant distributions in doped semiconductors.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0mh02047h
SN - 2051-6347
SN - 2051-6355
VL - 8
IS - 5
SP - 1461
EP - 1471
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bocedi, Greta
A1 - Palmer, Stephen C. F.
A1 - Malchow, Anne-Kathleen
A1 - Zurell, Damaris
A1 - Watts, Kevin
A1 - Travis, Justin M. J.
T1 - RangeShifter 2.0
BT - an extended and enhanced platform for modelling environmental changes
JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos
N2 - Process-based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species are likely to respond to environmental changes and to potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been used to address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, understanding patterns of range expansion and assessing population viability of species across complex landscapes. Here we introduce a new version, RangeShifter 2.0, which incorporates important new functionality. It is now possible to simulate dynamics over user-specified, temporally changing landscapes. Additionally, we integrated a new genetic module, notably introducing an explicit genetic modelling architecture, which allows for simulation of neutral and adaptive genetic processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer and settlement traits can now all evolve, allowing for sophisticated simulation of the evolution of dispersal. We illustrate the potential application of RangeShifter 2.0's new functionality by two examples. The first illustrates the range expansion of a virtual species across a dynamically changing UK landscape. The second demonstrates how the software can be used to explore the concept of evolving connectivity in response to land-use modification, by examining how movement rules come under selection over landscapes of different structure and composition. RangeShifter 2.0 is built using object-oriented C++ providing computationally efficient simulation of complex individual-based, eco-evolutionary models. The code has been redeveloped to enable use across operating systems, including on high performance computing clusters, and the Windows graphical user interface has been enhanced. RangeShifter 2.0 will facilitate the development of in-silico assessments of how species will respond to environmental changes and to potential management options for conserving or controlling them. By making the code available open source, we hope to inspire further collaborations and extensions by the ecological community.
KW - animal movement
KW - connectivity
KW - distribution modelling
KW - dynamic
KW - landscapes
KW - individual-based modelling
KW - population viability
KW - process-based modelling
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05687
SN - 0906-7590
SN - 1600-0587
VL - 44
IS - 10
SP - 1453
EP - 1462
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Machin, Laura
A1 - Piontek, Martin
A1 - Todhe, Sara
A1 - Staniek, Katrin
A1 - Monzote, Lianet
A1 - Fudickar, Werner
A1 - Linker, Torsten
A1 - Gille, Lars
T1 - Antileishmanial anthracene endoperoxides: efficacy in vitro, mechanisms and structure-activity relationships
JF - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry
N2 - Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoal Leishmania parasites. Previous studies have shown that endoperoxides (EP) can selectively kill Leishmania in host cells.
Therefore, we studied in this work a set of new anthracene-derived EP (AcEP) together with their non-endoperoxidic analogs in model systems of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) and J774 macrophages for their antileishmanial activity and selectivity.
The mechanism of effective compounds was explored by studying their reaction with iron (II) in chemical systems and in Leishmania. The correlation of structural parameters with activity demonstrated that in this compound set, active compounds had a LogP(OW) larger than 3.5 and a polar surface area smaller than 100 angstrom(2).
The most effective compounds (IC50 in LtP < 2 mu M) with the highest selectivity (SI > 30) were pyridyl-/tert-butyl-substituted AcEP.
Interestingly, also their analogs demonstrated activity and selectivity. In mechanistic studies, it was shown that EP were activated by iron in chemical systems and in LtP due to their EP group.
However, the molecular structure beyond the EP group significantly contributed to their differential mitochondrial inhibition in Leishmania.
The identified compound pairs are a good starting point for subsequent experiments in pathogenic Leishmania in vitro and in animal models.
KW - endoperoxides
KW - Leishmania
KW - radicals
KW - iron
KW - anthracene
KW - electron paramagnetic resonance
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206846
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
IS - 20
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Braune, S.
A1 - Baeckemo, J.
A1 - Lau, S.
A1 - Heuchel, M.
A1 - Kratz, K.
A1 - Jung, F.
A1 - Reinthaler, M.
A1 - Lendlein, Andreas
T1 - The influence of different rewetting procedures on the thrombogenicity of nanoporous poly(ether imide) microparticles
JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2 - Nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) are discussed as candidate adsorber materials for the removal of uremic toxins during apheresis. Polymers exhibiting such porosity can induce the formation of micro-gas/air pockets when exposed to fluids. Such air presenting material surfaces are reported to induce platelet activation and thrombus formation. Physical or chemical treatments prior to implantation are discussed to reduce the formation of such gas nuclei. Here, we report about the influence of different rewetting procedures - as chemical treatments with solvents on the thrombogenicity of hydrophobic PEI microparticles and PEI microparticles hydrophilized by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different chain lengths.
Autoclaved dry PEI particles of all types with a diameter range of 200 - 250 mu m and a porosity of about 84%+/- 2% were either rewetted directly with phosphate buffered saline (24 h) or after immersion in an ethanol-series. Thrombogenicity of the particles was studied in vitro upon contact with human sodium citrated whole blood for 60 min at 5 rpm vertical rotation. Numbers of non-adherent platelets were quantified, and adhesion of blood cells was qualitatively analyzed by bright field microscopy. Platelet activation (percentage of CD62P positive platelets and amounts of soluble P-Selectin) and platelet function (PFA100 closure times) were analysed.
Retention of blood platelets on the particles was similar for all particle types and both rewetting procedures. Non-adherent platelets were less activated after contact with ethanol-treated particles of all types compared to those rewetted with phosphate buffered saline as assessed by a reduced number of CD62P-positive platelets and reduced amounts of secreted P-Selectin (P < 0.05 each). Interestingly, the hydrophilic surfaces significantly increased the number of activated platelets compared to hydrophobic PEI regardless of the rewetting agent. This suggests that, apart from wettability, other material properties might be more important to regulate platelet activation. PFA100 closure times were reduced and within the reference ranges in the ethanol group, however, significantly increased in the saline group. No substantial difference was detected between the tested surface modifications. In summary, rewetting with ethanol resulted in a reduced thrombogenicity of all studied microparticles regardless of their wettability, most likely resulting from the evacuation of air from the nanoporous particles.
KW - biomaterial
KW - polymer
KW - microparticle
KW - thrombogenicity
KW - hemocompatibility
KW - dynamic in-vitro test
KW - rewetting
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201029
SN - 1386-0291
SN - 1875-8622
VL - 77
IS - 4
SP - 367
EP - 380
PB - IOS Press
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dietrich, Tim
A1 - Hinderer, Tanja
A1 - Samajdar, Anuradha
T1 - Interpreting binary neutron star mergers
BT - describing the binary neutron star dynamics, modelling gravitational waveforms, and analyzing detections
JF - General relativity and gravitation : GRG journal
N2 - Gravitational waves emitted from the coalescence of neutron star binaries open a new window to probe matter and fundamental physics in unexplored, extreme regimes. To extract information about the supranuclear matter inside neutron stars and the properties of the compact binary systems, robust theoretical prescriptions are required. We give an overview about general features of the dynamics and the gravitational wave signal during the binary neutron star coalescence. We briefly describe existing analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the highly dynamical, strong-field region during the merger. We review existing waveform approximants and discuss properties and possible advantages and shortcomings of individual waveform models, and their application for real gravitational-wave data analysis.
KW - gravitational waves
KW - neutron stars
KW - equation of state
KW - tidal effects
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-020-02751-6
SN - 0001-7701
SN - 1572-9532
VL - 53
IS - 3
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
A1 - Groth, Detlef
T1 - Winner-loser effects improve social network efficiency between competitors with equal resource holding power
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Animal societies are structured of dominance hierarchy (DH). DH can be viewed as networks and analyzed by graph theory. We study the impact of state-dependent feedback (winner-loser effect) on the emergence of local dominance structures after pairwise contests between initially equal-ranking members (equal resource-holding-power, RHP) of small and large social groups. We simulated pairwise agonistic contests between individuals with and without a priori higher RHP by Monte-Carlo-method. Random pairwise contests between equal-ranking competitors result in random dominance structures (‘Null variant’) that are low in transitive triads and high in pass along triads; whereas state-dependent feedback (‘Winner-loser variant’) yields centralized ‘star’ structured DH that evolve from competitors with initially equal RHP and correspond to hierarchies that evolve from keystone individuals. Monte-Carlo simulated DH following state-dependent feedback show motif patterns very similar to those of a variety of natural DH, suggesting that state-dependent feedback plays a pivotal role in robust self-organizing phenomena that transcend the specifics of the individual. Self-organization based on state-dependent feedback leads to social structures that correspond to those resulting from pre-existing keystone individuals. As the efficiency of centralized social networks benefits both, the individual and the group, centralization of social networks appears to be an important evolutionary goal.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41225-y
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Farrokhzadeh, Abdolkarim
A1 - Modarresi-Alam, Ali Reza
A1 - Akher, Farideh Badichi
A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1 - Kelling, Alexandra
A1 - Schilde, Uwe
T1 - Investigation of the unusually high rotational energy barrier about the C-N bond in 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides
BT - insights from dynamic H-1-NMR and DFT calculations
JF - Journal of molecular structure
N2 - In this study, the synthesis of new 5 (2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides (X = H and Cl) is reported coupled with the investigation of their dynamic H-1-NMR via rotation about C-N bonds in the moiety of urea group [a; CO-NMe2] in DMSO solvent (298-373 K). Accordingly, activation free energies of 17.32 and 17.50 kcal mol(-1) were obtained for X = H and Cl respectively, with respect to the conformational isomerization about the Me2N-C=O bond (a rotation). Moreover, a and b [b; 2-tetrazolyl-CO rotations] barrier to rotations in 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides were also calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G** procedure. The optimized geometry parameters are well consistent with the X-ray data. Computed rotational energy barriers (X = Cl) for a and b were estimated to be 17.52 and 2.53 kcal mol(-1), respectively, the former in agreement with the dynamic NMR results. X-ray structures verify that just 2-acylated tetrazoles are formed in the case of 5-(2-x-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2H-tetrazole-2-carboxamides. A planar trigonal orientation of the Me2N group was proven by X-ray data, which is coplanar to the carbonyl group, coupled with partial double bond C-N character. This also illustrates the syn-periplanar position of the tetrazolyl ring with C=O group. In solution, the planes containing tetrazolyl ring and the carbonyl bond are almost perpendicular to each other (because of steric effects as confirmed by calculations) while the planes containing carbonyl bond and Me2N group are coplanar. This phenomenon is in contrast with similar urea derivatives and explains the reason for the unusually high rotational energy barrier of these compounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW - carbamoyl tetrazoles
KW - barrier to rotation about C-N bond
KW - dynamic
KW - H-1-NMR
KW - quantum mechanical calculations
KW - X-ray structures
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129363
SN - 0022-2860
SN - 1872-8014
VL - 1226
IS - Part B
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Konak, Orhan
A1 - Döring, Valentin
A1 - Fiedler, Tobias
A1 - Liebe, Lucas
A1 - Masopust, Leander
A1 - Postnov, Kirill
A1 - Sauerwald, Franz
A1 - Treykorn, Felix
A1 - Wischmann, Alexander
A1 - Kalabakov, Stefan
A1 - Gjoreski, Hristijan
A1 - Luštrek, Mitja
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - SONAR
BT - a nursing activity dataset with inertial sensors
JF - Scientific data
N2 - Accurate and comprehensive nursing documentation is essential to ensure quality patient care. To streamline this process, we present SONAR, a publicly available dataset of nursing activities recorded using inertial sensors in a nursing home. The dataset includes 14 sensor streams, such as acceleration and angular velocity, and 23 activities recorded by 14 caregivers using five sensors for 61.7 hours. The caregivers wore the sensors as they performed their daily tasks, allowing for continuous monitoring of their activities. We additionally provide machine learning models that recognize the nursing activities given the sensor data. In particular, we present benchmarks for three deep learning model architectures and evaluate their performance using different metrics and sensor locations. Our dataset, which can be used for research on sensor-based human activity recognition in real-world settings, has the potential to improve nursing care by providing valuable insights that can identify areas for improvement, facilitate accurate documentation, and tailor care to specific patient conditions.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02620-2
SN - 2052-4463
VL - 10
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kruppa, Philipp
A1 - Georgiou, Iakovos
A1 - Schmidt, Jeremias
A1 - Infanger, Manfred
A1 - Ghods, Mojtaba
T1 - A 10-year retrospective before-and-after study of lipedema surgery: patient-reported lipedema-associated symptom improvement after multistage liposuction
JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
N2 - Background:
Despite an increasing demand for surgical treatment of lipedema, the evidence for liposuction is still limited. Little is known about the influence of disease stage, patient age, body mass index, or existing comorbidities on clinical outcomes.
It was hypothesized that younger patients with lower body mass index and stage would report better results.
Methods:
This retrospective, single-center, noncomparative study included lipedema patients who underwent liposuction between July of 2009 and July of 2019.
After a minimum of 6 months since the last surgery, all patients completed a disease-related questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the need for complex decongestive therapy based on a composite score. Secondary endpoints were the severity of disease-related complaints measured on a visual analogue scale.
Results:
One hundred six patients underwent a total of 298 large-volume liposuctions (mean lipoaspirate, 6355 +/- 2797 ml). After a median follow-up of 20 months, a median complex decongestive therapy score reduction of 37.5 percent (interquartile range, 0 to 88.8 percent; p < 0.0001) was observed.
An improvement in lipedema-associated symptoms was also observed (p < 0.0001). The percentage reduction in complex decongestive therapy scores was greater in patients with a body mass index less than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) (p < 0.0001) and in stage I and II patients (p = 0.0019).
Conclusion:
Liposuction reduces the severity of symptoms and the need for conservative treatment in lipedema patients, especially if it is performed in patients with a body mass index below 35 kg/m(2) at an early stage of the disease.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008880
SN - 0032-1052
SN - 1529-4242
VL - 149
IS - 3
SP - 529E
EP - 541E
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY - Philadelphia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Perez-Consuegra, Nicolas
A1 - Hoke, Gregory D.
A1 - Fitzgerald, P.
A1 - Mora, Andres
A1 - Sobel, Edward
A1 - Glodny, Johannes
T1 - Late Miocene-Pliocene onset of fluvial incision of the Cauca River Canyon in the Northern Andes
JF - The Geological Society of America bulletin
N2 - The incision of kilometer-scale canyons into high-standing topography is often used to constrain the surface uplift history of mountain ranges, controlled by tectonic and geodynamic processes.
However, changes in climate may also be responsible for canyon incision. This study deciphers the timing of incision of the similar to 2.5-km-deep Cauca River Canyon in the Central Cordillera of the Northern Andes using the cooling (exhumation) history of rocks from the canyon walls and a regional analysis of channel steepness in rivers.
Ten bedrock samples and one detrital sample were collected on the eastern border of the canyon between 300 m and 2300 m of elevation.
Bedrock and detrital AFT data yield ages from 50 to 38 Ma, while two bed-rock AHe ages from the valley bottom yield ages of 7-6 Ma.
The AHe ages and inverse thermal history models reveal a previously unidentified late Miocene (ca. 7-6 Ma) pulse of exhumation that we interpret as the age of a single incision event that formed the Cauca River Canyon.
We conclude that the Cauca River Canyon was carved as a response to rock uplift in the northern Central Cordillera and propagation of an erosion wave into the mountain range starting in the latest Miocene.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B36047.1
SN - 0016-7606
SN - 1943-2674
VL - 134
IS - 9-10
SP - 2453
EP - 2468
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bergholz, Kolja
A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina
A1 - Weiss, Anne-Marie
A1 - Brunkhardt, Jennifer
A1 - Ristow, Michael
A1 - Weiß, Lina
T1 - Niche differentiation of arthropods and plants along small-scale gradients in temporary wetlands (kettle holes)
JF - Basic and applied ecology : journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie
N2 - Small temporary wetlands, like kettle holes, provide many valuable ecosystem functions and serve as refuge habitats in otherwise monotonous agricultural landscapes. However, the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity in these habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how three taxa (vascular plants, ground beetles and spiders) respond to small-scale flooding and disturbance gradients in kettle holes as well as kettle hole area. For this purpose, we determined total, hygrophilic and red list species richness for all taxa and activity density for arthropods along transects extending from the edge towards the center of kettle holes. Furthermore, we calculated the community-weighted mean body size for arthropods and seed mass for plants as surrogates for the ability to respond to disturbance. Our analyses revealed that in particular plants and ground beetles showed strong responses along the small-scale spatial gradient. Total plant species richness decreased towards the center, while hygrophilic plant species increased. In contrast, both total and hygrophilic species richness of ground beetles increased towards the center. Spiders showed similar responses as ground beetles, but less pronounced. We found no evidence that disturbance at the edge of kettle holes leads to smaller body sizes or seed masses. However, arthropods in adjacent arable fields (one meter from the kettle hole edge) were particularly small. Kettle hole area had only weak effects on plants, but not on arthropods. Our study indicates that differences in the depth at the drier edge and the moist, regularly flooded center have a large and taxon-dependent influence on the species composition. Therefore, small-scale heterogeneity seems to be an important predictor for the maintenance of species diversity.
KW - Carabidae
KW - Biodiversity
KW - Body length
KW - Potholes
KW - Pond
KW - Vernal pool
KW - Land-use intensification
KW - Drainage
KW - Plant functional trait
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003
SN - 1439-1791
SN - 1618-0089
VL - 73
SP - 10
EP - 17
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kumar, Hemant
A1 - Leimkühler, Silke
T1 - Changing the electron acceptor specificity of rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase from NAD+ to NADP+
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
N2 - Formate dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. These enzymes play an important role in CO2 reduction and serve as nicotinamide cofactor recycling enzymes. More recently, the CO2-reducing activity of formate dehydrogenases, especially metal-containing formate dehydrogenases, has been further explored for efficient atmospheric CO2 capture. Here, we investigate the nicotinamide binding site of formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus for its specificity toward NAD+ vs. NADP+ reduction. Starting from the NAD+-specific wild-type RcFDH, key residues were exchanged to enable NADP+ binding on the basis of the NAD+-bound cryo-EM structure (PDB-ID: 6TG9). It has been observed that the lysine at position 157 (Lys157) in the β-subunit of the enzyme is essential for the binding of NAD+. RcFDH variants that had Glu259 exchanged for either a positively charged or uncharged amino acid had additional activity with NADP+. The FdsBL279R and FdsBK276A variants also showed activity with NADP+. Kinetic parameters for all the variants were determined and tested for activity in CO2 reduction. The variants were able to reduce CO2 using NADPH as an electron donor in a coupled assay with phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH), which regenerates NADPH. This makes the enzyme suitable for applications where it can be coupled with other enzymes that use NADPH.
KW - molybdoenzymes
KW - changing cofactor specificity
KW - formate dehyrogenases
KW - enzyme engineering
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216067
SN - 1422-0067
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 24
IS - 22
PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wittek, Laura
A1 - Touma, Chadi
A1 - Nitezki, Tina
A1 - Laeger, Thomas
A1 - Krämer, Stephanie
A1 - Raila, Jens
T1 - Reduction in cold stress in an innovative metabolic cage housing system increases animal welfare in laboratory mice
JF - Animals
N2 - Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females—1st restraint: −6.94%; 2nd restraint: −6.89%; males—1st restraint: −8.08%; 2nd restraint: −5.82%) compared to the TMC (females—1st restraint: −13.2%; 2nd restraint: −15.0%; males—1st restraint: −13.1%; 2nd restraint: −14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females—1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females—1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males—1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females—1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females—1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males—1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata.
KW - metabolic cage
KW - laboratory mice
KW - refinement
KW - animal welfare
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182866
SN - 2076-2615
VL - 13
IS - 18
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Wilke, Heinrich
T1 - The order of destruction
BT - monoculture in colonial Caribbean literature, c. 1640-1800
T2 - Transdisciplinary souths
N2 - This book studies sugarcane monoculture, the dominant form of cultivation in the colonial Caribbean, in the later 1600s and 1700s up to the Haitian Revolution. Researching travel literature, plantation manuals, Georgic poetry, letters, and political proclamations, this book interprets texts by Richard Ligon, Henry Drax, James Grainger, Janet Schaw, and Toussaint Louverture. As the first extended investigation into its topic, this book reads colonial Caribbean monoculture as the conjunction of racial capitalism and agrarian capitalism in the tropics. Its eco-Marxist perspective highlights the dual exploitation of the soil and of enslaved agricultural producers under the plantation regime, thereby extending Marxist analysis to the early colonial Caribbean. By focusing on textual form (in literary and non-literary texts alike), this study discloses the bearing of monoculture on contemporary writers' thoughts. In the process, it emphasizes the significance of a literary tradition that, despite its ideological importance, is frequently neglected in (postcolonial) literary studies and the environmental humanities. Located at a crossroads of disciplines and perspectives, this study will be of interest to literary critics and historians working in the early Americas, to students and scholars of agriculture, colonialism, and (racial) capitalism, to those working in the environmental humanities, and to Marxist academics. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of language and literature, post-colonial studies, cultural studies, diaspora studies, and the Global South studies
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-1-032-51416-1
SN - 978-1-003-46593-5
SN - 978-1-003-78128-0
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003465935
PB - Routledge
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Montero, Marina Martínez
A1 - Crucifix, Michel
A1 - Couplet, Victor
A1 - Brede, Nuria
A1 - Botta, Nicola
T1 - SURFER v2.0: a flexible and simple model linking anthropogenic CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification to ocean acidification and sea level rise
JF - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2 - We present SURFER, a novel reduced model for estimating the impact of CO2 emissions and solar radiation modification options on sea level rise and ocean acidification over timescales of several thousands of years.
SURFER has been designed for the analysis of CO2 emission and solar radiation modification policies, for supporting the computation of optimal (CO2 emission and solar radiation modification) policies and for the study of commitment and responsibility under uncertainty.
The model is based on a combination of conservation laws for the masses of atmospheric and oceanic carbon and for the oceanic temperature anomalies, and of adhoc parameterisations for the different sea level rise contributors: ice sheets, glaciers and ocean thermal expansion. It consists of 9 loosely coupled ordinary differential equations, is understandable, fast and easy to modify and calibrate.
It reproduces the results of more sophisticated, high-dimensional earth system models on timescales up to millennia.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8059-2022
SN - 1991-959X
SN - 1991-9603
VL - 15
IS - 21
SP - 8059
EP - 8084
PB - Copernicus
CY - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vanoncini, Monica
A1 - Höhl, Stefanie
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
A1 - Wallot, Sebastian
A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie
A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1 - Mother-infant social gaze dynamics relate to infant brain activity and word segmentation
JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience
N2 - The ‘social brain’, consisting of areas sensitive to social information, supposedly gates the mechanisms involved in human language learning. Early preverbal interactions are guided by ostensive signals, such as gaze patterns, which are coordinated across body, brain, and environment. However, little is known about how the infant brain processes social gaze in naturalistic interactions and how this relates to infant language development. During free-play of 9-month-olds with their mothers, we recorded hemodynamic cortical activity of ´social brain` areas (prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal junctions) via fNIRS, and micro-coded mother’s and infant’s social gaze. Infants’ speech processing was assessed with a word segmentation task. Using joint recurrence quantification analysis, we examined the connection between infants’ ´social brain` activity and the temporal dynamics of social gaze at intrapersonal (i.e., infant’s coordination, maternal coordination) and interpersonal (i.e., dyadic coupling) levels. Regression modeling revealed that intrapersonal dynamics in maternal social gaze (but not infant’s coordination or dyadic coupling) coordinated significantly with infant’s cortical activity. Moreover, recurrence quantification analysis revealed that intrapersonal maternal social gaze dynamics (in terms of entropy) were the best predictor of infants’ word segmentation. The findings support the importance of social interaction in language development, particularly highlighting maternal social gaze dynamics.
KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy
KW - infant word segmentation
KW - social gaze
KW - mother-infant interactions
KW - entropy
KW - recurrence quantification analysis
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101331
SN - 1878-9293
SN - 1878-9307
VL - 65
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Wamwanduka, Leo
T1 - Examining the translation of gender norms in Southern Africa
BT - the case of convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) translation by Zimbabwe's Public Sector to Address Violence Against Women (VAW)
Y1 - 2024
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Gladkaya, Margarita
T1 - Essays on the digitization of the individual
BT - affordances, use patterns, outcomes
Y1 - 2024
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Laun, Konstantin
A1 - Duffus, Benjamin R.
A1 - Kumar, Hemant
A1 - Oudsen, Jean-Pierre H.
A1 - Karafoulidi-Retsou, Chara
A1 - Waffo, Armel Tadjoung
A1 - Hildebrandt, Peter
A1 - Ly, Khoa Hoang
A1 - Leimkühler, Silke
A1 - Katz, Sagie
A1 - Zebger, Ingo
T1 - A minimal light-driven system to study the enzymatic CO2 reduction of formate dehydrogenase
JF - ChemCatChem : the European Society Journal for Catalysis
N2 - A minimal light-driven approach was established for studying enzymatic CO2 conversion spectroscopically. The system consists of a photosensitizer Eosin Y, EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor and substrate source, and formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcFDH) as a biocatalyst. This simplified three-component system provides a photo-triggered control for in situ characterization of the entire catalytic reaction. Direct reduction of RcFDH by the photosensitizer without additional electron carriers was confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, while GC-MS and IR spectroscopy were used to follow photoinduced CO2 generation from EDTA and its subsequent enzymatic reduction, yielding the product formate. Photo-driven and in vitro, dye-based CO2 reduction was inhibited by azide under a mixed (competitive-non-competitive) inhibition mode. IR spectroscopy reveals displacement of the competitively-bound azide by CO2, reflecting an interaction of both with the active site cofactor. This work comprises a proof-of-concept for a new approach to employ light for regulating the reaction of formate dehydrogenases and other CO2 reductases.
KW - CO2 reduction
KW - EDTA
KW - IR spectroscopy
KW - molybdoenzyme
KW - photosensitizer
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202201067
SN - 1867-3880
SN - 1867-3899
VL - 14
IS - 24
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bogin, Barry
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
T1 - Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story of human body size
JF - Journal of physiological anthropology
N2 - Carl Bergmann was an astute naturalist and physiologist. His ideas about animal size and shape were important advances in the pre-Darwinian nineteenth century. Bergmann's rule claims that that in cold climates, large body mass increases the ratio of volume-to-surface area and provides for maximum metabolic heat retention in mammals and birds. Conversely, in warmer temperatures, smaller body mass increases surface area relative to volume and allows for greater heat loss. For humans, we now know that body size and shape are regulated more by social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) factors as well as nutrition-infection interactions. Temperature has virtually no effect. Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story and should be relegated to teaching and scholarship about the history of science. That "rule" is no longer acceptable science and has nothing to tell us about physiological anthropology.
KW - Developmental plasticity
KW - SEPE
KW - Body size
KW - Body shape
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00287-z
SN - 1880-6805
VL - 41
IS - 1
PB - BMC
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yarman, Aysu
A1 - Kurbanoglu, Sevinc
T1 - Molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for SARS-CoV-2
BT - where are we now?
JF - Biomimetics
N2 - Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in 2019 in China and the official declaration from the World Health Organization in March 2021 as a pandemic, fast and accurate diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has played a major role worldwide. For this reason, various methods have been developed, comprising reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoassays, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and bio(mimetic)sensors. Among the developed methods, RT-PCR is so far the gold standard. Herein, we give an overview of the MIP-based sensors utilized since the beginning of the pandemic.
KW - molecularly imprinted polymers
KW - biomimetic sensors
KW - SARS-CoV-2
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020058
SN - 2313-7673
VL - 7
IS - 2
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mitzscherling, Julia
A1 - MacLean, Joana
A1 - Lipus, Daniel
A1 - Bartholomäus, Alexander
A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1 - Lipski, Andre
A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
T1 - Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov., a novel species of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from plastic waste
JF - International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology
N2 - Strain NGK35T is a motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped (1.0-2.1 mu m long and 0.6-0.8 mu m wide), aerobic bacterium that was isolated from plastic-polluted landfill soil. The strain grew at temperatures between 6 and 37 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C), in 0-10 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.5).
It was positive for cytochrome c oxidase, catalase as well as H2S production, and hydrolysed casein and urea. It used a variety of different carbon sources including citrate, lactate and pyruvate.
The predominant membrane fatty acids were C-16:1 cis9 and C-16:0, followed by C-17:0 cyclo and C-18:1 cis11. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by diphosphatidyglycerol. The only quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGK35(T) belongs to the genus Paenalcaligenes (family Alcaligenaceae), appearing most closely related to Paenalcaligenes hominis CCUG 53761A(T) (96.90 %) and Paenalcaligenes suwonensis ABC02-12(T) (96.94 %).
The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NGK35(T) was 52.1 mol%. Genome-based calculations (genome-to-genome distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA G+C content) clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Paenalcaligenes.
Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization, strain NGK35(T) can clearly be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours establishing a novel species, for which the name Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is NGK35T (=DSM 113270(T)=NCCB 100854(T)).
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005333
SN - 1466-5026
SN - 1466-5034
VL - 72
IS - 4
PB - Microbiology Society
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Middelanis, Robin
A1 - Willner, Sven N.
A1 - Otto, Christian
A1 - Levermann, Anders
T1 - Economic losses from hurricanes cannot be nationally offset under unabated warming
JF - Environmental research letters
N2 - Tropical cyclones range among the costliest of all meteorological events worldwide and planetary scale warming provides more energy and moisture to these storms. Modelling the national and global economic repercussions of 2017's Hurricane Harvey, we find a qualitative change in the global economic response in an increasingly warmer world.
While the United States were able to balance regional production failures by the original 2017 hurricane, this option becomes less viable under future warming.
In our simulations of over 7000 regional economic sectors with more than 1.8 million supply chain connections, the US are not able to offset the losses by use of national efforts with intensifying hurricanes under unabated warming.
At a certain warming level other countries have to step in to supply the necessary goods for production, which gives US economic sectors a competitive disadvantage. In the highly localized mining and quarrying sector-which here also comprises the oil and gas production industry-this disadvantage emerges already with the original Hurricane Harvey and intensifies under warming.
Eventually, also other regions reach their limit of what they can offset.
While we chose the example of a specific hurricane impacting a specific region, the mechanism is likely applicable to other climate-related events in other regions and other sectors.
It is thus likely that the regional economic sectors that are best adapted to climate change gain significant advantage over their competitors under future warming.
KW - natural disasters
KW - supply chains
KW - higher-order impacts
KW - Hurricane Harvey
KW - tropical cyclones
KW - extreme weather impacts
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac90d8
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 17
IS - 10
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pawlitzki, Marc
A1 - Acar, Laura
A1 - Masanneck, Lars
A1 - Willison, Alice
A1 - Regner-Nelke, Liesa
A1 - Nelke, Christopher
A1 - L'hoest, Helmut
A1 - Marschall, Ursula
A1 - Schmidt, Jens
A1 - Meuth, Sven G.
A1 - Ruck, Tobias
T1 - Myositis in Germany: epidemiological insights over 15 years from 2005 to 2019
JF - Neurological research and practice : official journal of the German Neurological Society
N2 - Background:
The medical care of patients with myositis is a great challenge in clinical practice. This is due to the rarity of these disease, the complexity of diagnosis and management as well as the lack of systematic analyses.
Objectives:
Therefore, the aim of this project was to obtain an overview of the current care of myositis patients in Germany and to evaluate epidemiological trends in recent years.
Methods:
In collaboration with BARMER Insurance, retrospective analysis of outpatient and inpatient data from an average of approximately 8.7 million insured patients between January 2005 and December 2019 was performed using ICD-10 codes for myositis for identification of relevant data.
In addition, a comparative analysis was performed between myositis patients and an age-matched comparison group from other populations insured by BARMER.
Results:
45,800 BARMER-insured individuals received a diagnosis of myositis during the observation period, with a relatively stable prevalence throughout. With regard to comorbidities, a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular disease as well as neoplasm was observed compared to the control group within the BARMER-insured population. In addition, myositis patients suffer more frequently from psychiatric disorders, such as depression and somatoform disorders.
However, the ICD-10 catalogue only includes the specific coding of "dermatomyositis" and "polymyositis" and thus does not allow for a sufficient analysis of all idiopathic inflammatory myopathies subtypes.
Conclusion:
The current data provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of myositis in Germany, highlighting the multimorbidity of myositis patients. This underlines the need for multidisciplinary management. However, the ICD-10 codes currently still in use do not allow for specific analysis of the subtypes of myositis.
The upcoming ICD-11 coding may improve future analyses in this regard.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-022-00226-4
SN - 2524-3489
VL - 4
IS - 1
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andjelkovic, Marko
A1 - Marjanovic, Milos
A1 - Chen, Junchao
A1 - Ilic, Stefan
A1 - Ristic, Goran
A1 - Krstic, Milos
T1 - PS-BBICS: Pulse stretching bulk built-in current sensor for on-chip measurement of single event transients
JF - Microelectronics reliability
N2 - The bulk built-in current sensor (BBICS) is a cost-effective solution for detection of energetic particle strikes in integrated circuits.
With an appropriate number of BBICSs distributed across the chip, the soft error locations can be identified, and the dynamic fault-tolerant mechanisms can be activated locally to correct the soft errors in the affected logic.
In this work, we introduce a pulse stretching BBICS (PS-BBICS) constructed by connecting a standard BBICS and a custom-designed pulse stretching cell.
The aim of PS-BBICS is to enable the on-chip measurement of the single event transient (SET) pulse width, allowing to detect the linear energy transfer (LET) of incident particles, and thus assess more accurately the radiation conditions.
Based on Spectre simula-tions, we have shown that for the LET from 1 to 100 MeV cm2 mg -1, the SET pulse width detected by PS-BBICS varies by 620-800 ps. The threshold LET of PS-BBICS increases linearly with the number of monitored inverters, and it is around 1.7 MeV cm2 mg- 1 for ten monitored inverters.
On the other hand, the SET pulse width is in-dependent of the number of monitored inverters for LET > 4 MeV cm2 mg -1. It was shown that supply voltage, temperature and process variations have strong impact on the response of PS-BBICS.
KW - bulk built-in current sensor
KW - single event transients
KW - soft errors
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114726
SN - 0026-2714
SN - 1872-941X
VL - 138
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cheshmeh, Sahar
A1 - Elahi, Negin
A1 - Ghayyem, Maysa
A1 - Mosaieby, Elaheh
A1 - Moradi, Shima
A1 - Pasdar, Yahya
A1 - Tahmasebi, Susan
A1 - Moradinazar, Mehdi
T1 - Effect of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
BT - a double blind randomized controlled trial
JF - Genes & nutrition
N2 - Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease in which related to obesity, metabolic disorders and is considered as one of the main causes of infertility in women. This trial was investigated the effects of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with PCOS.
Methods:
One hundred ninety-four PCOS women were randomly divided two groups: intervention (n = 99; 3 g/day green cardamom) and control groups (n = 95). All of them were given low calorie diet. Anthropometric, glycemic and androgen hormones were assessed before and after 16-week intervention. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to measure fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferative activating receptor- (PPAR-), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACAB), leptin receptor (LEPR), ghrelin, and lamin A/C (LAMIN) genes expression in each group.
Results:
Anthropometric indices were significantly decreased after intervention in both two studied groups. Glycemic indices and androgen hormones were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. The expression levels of FTO, CPT1A, LEPR, and LAMIN were significantly downregulated compared to control group (P < 0.001), as well as, PPAR-y was significantly upregulated in the intervention group after intervention with green cardamom compared to control group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
This current study showed that the administration of green cardamom is a beneficial approach for improving anthropometric, glycemic, and androgen hormones, as well as obesity and diabetes genes expression in PCOS women under the low-calorie diet.
KW - polycystic ovary syndrome
KW - green cardamom
KW - obesity genes
KW - diabetes genes
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-022-00719-6
SN - 1865-3499
VL - 17
IS - 1
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grzesiuk, Malgorzata
A1 - Pietrzak, Barbara
A1 - Wacker, Alexander
A1 - Pijanowska, Joanna
T1 - Photosynthetic activity in both algae and cyanobacteria changes in response to cues of predation
JF - Frontiers in plant science
N2 - A plethora of adaptive responses to predation has been described in microscopic aquatic producers.
Although the energetic costs of these responses are expected, with their consequences going far beyond an individual, their underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms are not fully known.
One, so far hardly considered, is if and how the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton might change in response to the predation cues. Our main aim was to identify such responses in phytoplankton and to detect if they are taxon-specific.
We exposed seven algae and seven cyanobacteria species to the chemical cues of an efficient consumer, Daphnia magna, which was fed either a green alga, Acutodesmus obliquus, or a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus (kairomone and alarm cues), or was not fed (kairomone alone).
In most algal and cyanobacterial species studied, the quantum yield of photosystem II increased in response to predator fed cyanobacterium, whereas in most of these species the yield did not change in response to predator fed alga.
Also, cyanobacteria tended not to respond to a non-feeding predator. The modal qualitative responses of the electron transport rate were similar to those of the quantum yield.
To our best knowledge, the results presented here are the broadest scan of photosystem II responses in the predation context so far.
KW - phytoplankton
KW - grazing
KW - predation
KW - Daphnia
KW - phenotypic plasticity
KW - biotic stress
KW - photosystem
KW - PAM
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.907174
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jarajapu, Deva Charan
A1 - Rathinasamy, Maheswaran
A1 - Agarwal, Ankit
A1 - Bronstert, Axel
T1 - Design flood estimation using extreme Gradient Boosting-based on Bayesian optimization
JF - Journal of hydrology
N2 - Regional Flood Frequency Analysis (RFFA) is one of the widely used approaches for estimating design floods in the ungauged basins.
We developed an eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) machine learning model for RFFA and flood estimation.
Our approach relies on developing a regression model between flood quantiles and the commonly available catchment descriptors.
We used CAMELs data for 671 catchments from the USA to test the approach's efficacy. The results were compared with the traditional Multiple Linear Regression methods and Artificial Neural Networks.
Results revealed that the XGB-based approach estimated design flood with the highest accuracy during training and validation with minor mean absolute error, root mean square error values, and percentage bias ranging from -10 to + 10.
The importance of each catchment feature is visualized by three different approaches Gini Impurity, Permutation, and Dropout Loss Feature Ranking. We observed that the most dominating variables are rainfall intensity, slope, snow fraction, soil porosity, and temperature. It is observed that the importance of these variables is a function of the hydroclimatic regions and varies with space.
In contrast, mean annual areal potential evapotranspiration, mean annual rainfall, fraction forest area, and soil conductivity have low significance in estimating design flood for an ungauged catchment.
Indeed, the proposed XGB-based approach has broader applicability and replicability.
KW - regional flood frequency analysis
KW - XGB
KW - ungauged catchments
KW - CAMELS dataset
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128341
SN - 0022-1694
SN - 1879-2707
VL - 613
IS - Part A
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rose, Christian
A1 - Wei, Guofang
T1 - Eigenvalue estimates for Kato-type Ricci curvature conditions
JF - Analysis & PDE
N2 - We prove that optimal lower eigenvalue estimates of Zhong-Yang type as well as a Cheng-type upper bound for the first eigenvalue hold on closed manifolds assuming only a Kato condition on the negative part of the Ricci curvature.
This generalizes all earlier results on Lp-curvature assumptions.
Moreover, we introduce the Kato condition on compact manifolds with boundary with respect to the Neumann Laplacian, leading to Harnack estimates for the Neumann heat kernel and lower bounds for all Neumann eigenvalues, which provides a first insight in handling variable Ricci curvature assumptions in this case.
KW - Kato condition
KW - variable Ricci curvature
KW - eigenvalue estimate
KW - heat
KW - equation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.2140/apde.2022.15.1703
SN - 1948-206X
SN - 2157-5045
VL - 15
IS - 7
SP - 1703
EP - 1724
PB - Mathematical Sciences Publishers
CY - Berkeley
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grebenkov, Denis S.
T1 - Statistics of diffusive encounters with a small target
BT - three complementary approaches
JF - Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment
N2 - Diffusive search for a static target is a common problem in statistical physics with numerous applications in chemistry and biology.
We look at this problem from a different perspective and investigate the statistics of encounters between the diffusing particle and the target. While an exact solution of this problem was recently derived in the form of a spectral expansion over the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator, the latter is generally difficult to access for an arbitrary target.
In this paper, we present three complementary approaches to approximate the probability density of the rescaled number of encounters with a small target in a bounded confining domain. In particular, we derive a simple fully explicit approximation, which depends only on a few geometric characteristics such as the surface area and the harmonic capacity of the target, and the volume of the confining domain.
We discuss the advantages and limitations of three approaches and check their accuracy.
We also deduce an explicit approximation for the distribution of the first-crossing time, at which the number of encounters exceeds a prescribed threshold. Its relations to common first-passage time problems are discussed.
KW - Brownian motion
KW - chemical kinetics
KW - diffusion
KW - first passage
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac85ec
SN - 1742-5468
VL - 2022
IS - 8
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pompa-Garcia, Ivan
A1 - Castilla, Rodrigo
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Dagdug, Leonardo
T1 - First-passage times in conical varying-width channels biased by a transverse gravitational force
BT - comparison of analytical and numerical results
JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2 - We study the crossing time statistic of diffusing point particles between the two ends of expanding and narrowing two-dimensional conical channels under a transverse external gravitational field.
The theoretical expression for the mean first-passage time for such a system is derived under the assumption that the axial diffusion in a two-dimensional channel of smoothly varying geometry can be approximately described as a one-dimensional diffusion in an entropic potential with position-dependent effective diffusivity in terms of the modified Fick-Jacobs equation.
We analyze the channel crossing dynamics in terms of the mean first-passage time, combining our analytical results with extensive two-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations, allowing us to find the range of applicability of the one-dimensional approximation.
We find that the effective particle diffusivity decreases with increasing amplitude of the external potential.
Remarkably, the mean first-passage time for crossing the channel is shown to assume a minimum at finite values of the potential amplitude.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064137
SN - 2470-0045
SN - 2470-0053
VL - 106
IS - 6
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brugger, Julia
A1 - Feulner, Georg
A1 - Hofmann, Matthias
A1 - Petri, Stefan
T1 - A pronounced spike in ocean productivity triggered by the Chicxulub impact
JF - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union
N2 - There is increasing evidence linking the mass-extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary to an asteroid impact near Chicxulub, Mexico. Here we use model simulations to explore the combined effect of sulfate aerosols, carbon dioxide and dust from the impact on the oceans and the marine biosphere in the immediate aftermath of the impact. We find a strong temperature decrease, a brief algal bloom caused by nutrients from both the deep ocean and the projectile, and moderate surface ocean acidification. Comparing the modeled longer-term post-impact warming and changes in carbon isotopes with empirical evidence points to a substantial release of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. Overall, our results shed light on the decades to centuries after the Chicxulub impact which are difficult to resolve with proxy data.
Plain Language Summary The sudden disappearance of the dinosaurs and many other species during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction 66 million years ago marks one of the most profound events in the history of life on Earth. The impact of a large asteroid near Chicxulub, Mexico, is increasingly recognized as the trigger of this extinction, causing global darkness and a pronounced cooling. However, the links between the impact and the changes in the biosphere are not fully understood. Here, we investigate how life in the ocean reacts to the perturbations in the decades and centuries after the impact. We find a short-lived algal bloom caused by the upwelling of nutrients from the deep ocean and nutrient input from the impactor.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092260
SN - 0094-8276
SN - 1944-8007
VL - 48
IS - 12
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, NJ
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Felisatti, Arianna
A1 - Ranzini, Mariagrazia
A1 - Blini, Elvio
A1 - Lisi, Matteo
A1 - Zorzi, Marco
T1 - Effects of attentional shifts along the vertical axis on number processing
BT - an eye-tracking study with optokinetic stimulation
JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2 - Previous studies suggest that associations between numbers and space are mediated by shifts of visuospatial attention along the horizontal axis. In this study, we investigated the effect of vertical shifts of overt attention, induced by optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and monitored through eye-tracking, in two tasks requiring explicit (number comparison) or implicit (parity judgment) processing of number magnitude. Participants were exposed to black-and-white stripes (OKS) that moved vertically (upward or downward) or remained static (control condition). During the OKS, participants were asked to verbally classify auditory one-digit numbers as larger/smaller than 5 (comparison task; Exp. 1) or as odd/even (parity task; Exp. 2). OKS modulated response times in both experiments. In Exp.1, upward attentional displacement decreased the Magnitude effect (slower responses for large numbers) and increased the Distance effect (slower responses for numbers close to the reference). In Exp.2, we observed a complex interaction between parity, magnitude, and OKS, indicating that downward attentional displacement slowed down responses for large odd numbers. Moreover, eye tracking analyses revealed an influence of number processing on eye movements both in Exp. 1, with eye gaze shifting downwards during the processing of small numbers as compared to large ones; and in Exp. 2, with leftward shifts after large even numbers (6,8) and rightward shifts after large odd numbers (7,9). These results provide evidence of bidirectional links between number and space and extend them to the vertical dimension. Moreover, they document the influence of visuo-spatial attention on processing of numerical magnitude, numerical distance, and parity. Together, our findings are in line with grounded and embodied accounts of numerical cognition.
KW - Numerical cognition
KW - Optokinetic stimulation
KW - Number-space association
KW - Spatial cognition
KW - Visuospatial attention
KW - Grounded cognition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104991
SN - 0010-0277
SN - 1873-7838
VL - 221
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ferner, Jessica
A1 - Linstädter, Anja
A1 - Rogass, Christian
A1 - Südekum, Karl-Heinz
A1 - Schmidtlein, Sebastian
T1 - Towards forage resource monitoring in subtropical savanna grasslands
BT - going multispectral or hyperspectral?
JF - European journal of remote sensing
N2 - Forage supply of savanna grasslands plays a crucial role for local food security and consequently, a reliable monitoring system could help to better manage vital forage resources. To help installing such a monitoring system, we investigated whether in-situ hyperspectral data could be resampled to match the spectral resolution of multi- and hyperspectral satellites; if the type of sensor affected model transfer; and if spatio-temporal patterns of forage characteristics could be related to environmental drivers. We established models for forage quantity (green biomass) and five forage quality proxies (metabolisable energy, acid/neutral detergent fibre, ash, phosphorus). Hyperspectral resolution of the Hyperion satellite mostly resulted in higher accuracies (i.e. higher R-2, lower RMSE). When applied to satellite data, though, the greater quality of the multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data leads to more realistic forage maps. By analysing a three-year time series, we found plant phenology and cumulated precipitation to be the most important environmental drivers of forage supply. We conclude that none of the investigated satellites provide optimal conditions for monitoring purposes. Future hyperspectral satellite missions like EnMAP, combining the high information level of Hyperion with the good data quality and resolution of Sentinel-2, will provide the prerequisites for installing a regular monitoring service.
KW - Africa
KW - rangelands
KW - remote-sensing based monitoring
KW - forage
KW - biomass
KW - production
KW - nutritive value
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2021.1934556
SN - 2279-7254
VL - 54
IS - 1
SP - 364
EP - 384
PB - geoLAB, Laboratory of Geomatics
CY - Florence
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Homolka, Walter
T1 - The messianic concept in modern Judaism
JF - Teologia i Moralność
N2 - The history of the Messiah in Judaism is a history of disappointed hopes. Again and again, there were salvation fi gures to whom this role was ascribed. But redemption from occupation and foreign rule, exile, oppression and persecution failed to materialize. Therefore, the expectation of the Messiah fell to the periphery of Jewish theology. This article examinesin what ways the messianic concept plays a role in modern times and what it contributes to describing the relationship between God and humanity in Judaism. The author intends to show the development from the abandonment of a personal Messiah towards the affi rmation of the prophets’ hope for a universal messianic age in which the duty of all people to participate in the healing of the world becomes central. What becomes also clear is: The messiah idea cannot be a bridge between Christianity and Judaism.
T2 - Koncepcja mesjanizmu we współczesnym judaizmie
KW - Jewish Theology
KW - Messiah, Messianism
KW - Utopian Messianism
KW - Restaurative Messianism
KW - Pseudo-Messianic Movements
KW - Chabad
KW - Hasidism
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/tim/article/download/34768/30105/73991
U6 - https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2022.31.1.10
SN - 1898-2964
SN - 2450-4602
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 145
EP - 172
PB - Uniwersytet Imienia Adama Mickiewicza
CY - Poznań
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hartmann, Anika M.
A1 - Kandil, Farid I.
A1 - Steckhan, Nico
A1 - Häupl, Thomas
A1 - Kessler, Christian S.
A1 - Michalsen, Andreas
A1 - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A.
T1 - Rheumatoid arthritis benefits from fasting and plant-based diet: an exploratory randomized controlled trial (NUTRIFAST)
T2 - Annals of the rheumatic diseases
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.452
SN - 0003-4967
SN - 1468-2060
VL - 81
SP - 558
EP - 559
PB - BMJ Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vanoncini, Monica
A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
A1 - Höhl, Stefanie
A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1 - The role of mother-infant emotional synchrony in speech processing in 9-month-old infants
JF - Infant behavior and development : an international & interdisciplinary journal
N2 - Rhythmicity characterizes both interpersonal synchrony and spoken language. Emotions and language are forms of interpersonal communication, which interact with each other throughout development. We investigated whether and how emotional synchrony between mothers and their 9-month-old infants relates to infants' word segmentation as an early marker of language development. Twenty-six 9-month-old infants and their German-speaking mothers took part in the study. To measure emotional synchrony, we coded positive, neutral and negative emotional expressions of the mothers and their infants during a free play session. We then calculated the degree to which the mothers' and their infants' matching emotional expressions followed a predictable pattern. To measure word segmentation, we familiarized infants with auditory text passages and tested how long they looked at the screen while listening to familiar versus novel words. We found that higher levels of predictability (i.e. low entropy) during mother-infant interaction is associated with infants' word segmentation performance. These findings suggest that individual differences in word segmentation relate to the complexity and predictability of emotional expressions during mother-infant interactions.
KW - Mother -infant dyads
KW - Entropy
KW - Emotional synchrony
KW - Cross -recurrence
KW - quantification analysis
KW - Word segmentation
KW - Rhythmicity
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101772
SN - 0163-6383
SN - 1879-0453
VL - 69
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pinkas, Ronen
T1 - The forgotten language of nontheistic mysticism
BT - religious factors in Erich Fromm’s Humanism
JF - Religions
N2 - In You Shall Be as Gods, Erich Fromm (1900–1980) defines his position as nontheistic mysticism. This research clarifies the term, considers its importance within Fromm’s humanism, and explores its potential origins. The nontheistic mystical position plays a central role in Fromm’s understanding of the relationship between mysticism and organized religion, religion and religiosity, and it clarifies the relationship between religion, philosophy, and social psychoanalysis, whose combination constitutes his humanistic ethics. Nontheistic mysticism relates, as well, to Fromm’s understanding of human nature; it involves the question of the relationship between language, perception, and experience. The nontheistic mystical position is linked to Fromm’s negative theology, the x experience, and idolatry. Hence, the nontheistic mystical position is relevant to Fromm’s understanding of self-realization and his vision of a sane society. Unlike some scholarly opinion, the conclusions of this paper suggest that Fromm’s humanism is not radical, as long as radical is defined as an absolute atheistic secular feature that eliminates the range of religious language and experience. Rather, it is a broad and cautious humanism that, on the one hand, internalizes the transcendent divinity into the human subject and transforms it into anthropological–ethical phenomena, but, on the other, implies that atheism carries the risk of an idolatrous identification of the human being with God. Consequently, this humanism requires a religious–mystical component to adequately portray the spiritual and ethical potentials of humanity and its challenges. Nontheistic mysticism is a consciousness mechanism aimed at the fine-tuning of the individual’s moral compass, which is affected by the pathologies of normalcy that prevail in all societies.
KW - mysticism
KW - x experience
KW - idolatry
KW - idology
KW - negative theology
KW - religious humanism
KW - nontheistic Jewish humanism
KW - Fritz Mauthner
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050531
SN - 2077-1444
VL - 15
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bernardi, Rafael L.
A1 - Berdja, Amokrane
A1 - Guzman, Christian Dani
A1 - Torres-Torriti, Miguel
A1 - Roth, Martin M.
T1 - Restoration of T80-S telescope's images using neural networks
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used for a wide range of applications in astronomy, including for the restoration of degraded images using a spatially invariant point spread function (PSF) across the field of view. Most existing development techniques use a single PSF in the deconvolution process, which is unrealistic when spatially variable PSFs are present in real observation conditions. Such conditions are simulated in this work to yield more realistic data samples. We propose a method that uses a simulated spatially variable PSF for the T80-South (T80-S) telescope, an 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile). The synthetic data use real parameters from the detector noise and atmospheric seeing to recreate the T80-S observational conditions for the CNN training. The method is tested on real astronomical data from the T80-S telescope. We present the simulation and training methods, the results from real T80-S image CNN prediction, and a comparison with space observatory Gaia. A CNN can fix optical aberrations, which include image distortion, PSF size and profile, and the field position variation while preserving the source's flux. The proposed restoration approach can be applied to other optical systems and to post-process adaptive optics static residual aberrations in large-diameter telescopes.
KW - methods: statistical
KW - techniques: image processing
KW - software: data
KW - analysis
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2050
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 524
IS - 2
SP - 3068
EP - 3082
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca
A1 - Schiepe-Tiska, Anja
A1 - Heine, Jorg-Henrik
A1 - Buchholz, Janine
T1 - Expectancy-value profiles in math
BT - how are student-perceived teaching behaviors related to motivational transitions?
JF - Learning and individual differences : a multidisciplinary journal in education
N2 - This longitudinal study aimed to investigate how motivational transitions of adolescents in the domain of mathematics from Grades 9 to 10 were related to student-perceived mathematics teacher support and student -oriented teaching. Data were drawn from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and its German national extension called PISA Plus 2012-2013. We used a subsample of 2605 students (51.0 % girls) from 198 classrooms. Using latent profile analyses, we identified three motivational patterns based on expectancy-value theory that were meaningfully associated with students' mathematics test scores and work ethics. Latent transition analyses showed that these patterns were mostly stable across time. Occurring changes were characterized by a decrease in mathematics motivation across time. Student-oriented teaching as reported by students in Grade 9 impeded maladaptive motivational transitions. Students with particularly low interest and utility value benefitted from teachers who direct their instruction at students' motivational characteristics.
KW - motivation
KW - interindividual change
KW - latent transition analysis
KW - teaching
KW - mathematics
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102198
SN - 1041-6080
SN - 1873-3425
VL - 98
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abakarova, Dzhuma
A1 - Fuchs, Susanne
A1 - Noiray, Aude
T1 - Developmental changes in coarticulation degree relate to differences in articulatory patterns: an empirically grounded modeling approach
JF - Journal of speech, language, and hearing research
N2 - Purpose: Coarticulatory effects in speech vary across development, but the sources of this variation remain unclear. This study investigated whether developmental differences in intrasyllabic coarticulation degree could be explained by differences in children's articulatory patterns compared to adults.
Method: To address this question, we first compared the tongue configurations of 3-to 7-year-old German children to those of adults. The observed developmental differences were then examined through simulations with Task Dynamics Application, a Task Dynamics simulation system, to establish which articulatory modifications could best reproduce the empirical results. To generate syllables simulating the lack of tongue gesture differentiation, we tested three simulation scenarios.
Results: We found that younger speakers use less differentiated articulatory patterns to achieve alveolar constrictions than adults. The simulations corresponding to undifferentiated control of tongue tip and tongue body resulted in (a) tongue shapes similar to those observed in natural speech and (b) higher degrees of intrasyllabic coarticulation in children when compared to adults.
Conclusions: Results provide evidence that differences in articulatory patterns contribute to developmental differences in coarticulation degree. This study further shows that empirically informed modeling can advance our understanding of changes in coarticulatory patterns across age.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00212
SN - 1092-4388
SN - 1558-9102
VL - 65
IS - 9
SP - 3276
EP - 3299
PB - American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc.
CY - Rockville, Md.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sela, Yael
T1 - Sacred poetry, eternal felicity, and the redemption of Israel
BT - Obadiah Sforno's commentary on Psalms in the Berlin Haskalah
JF - European journal of jewish studies
N2 - The article explores the philosophical exegesis in Obadiah Sforno's sixteenth-century Psalms commentary and its reception in Berlin of the late eighteenth century, where it was reprinted in the Haskalah's biggest bestseller-an edition of Moses Mendelssohn's Psalms translation with Hebrew commentary.
While the inclusion of entire commentaries by earlier exegetes was unique among all Haskalah Bible editions, I argue that the choice to include Sforno's commentary alongside Mendelssohn's translation of Psalms, itself an expression of Mendelssohn's political-theological defense of Judaism, was intended to buttress shared philosophical doctrines and concepts located by the two scholars in Psalms, notwithstanding temporal and cultural divergences: imitatio Dei, the salvation of the individual soul, and Israel's eternity.
KW - Psalms
KW - salvation of the soul
KW - Obadiah Sforno
KW - Moses Mendelssohn
KW - Joel Bril (Lowe)
KW - Haskalah
KW - redemption
KW - reception history of Bible exegesis and philosophy
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471X-bja10044
SN - 1025-9996
SN - 1872-471X
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 261
EP - 280
PB - Brill
CY - Biggleswade
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nguyen, Viet-Dung
A1 - Merz, Bruno
A1 - Hundecha, Yeshewatesfa
A1 - Haberlandt, Uwe
A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
T1 - Comprehensive evaluation of an improved large-scale multi-site weather generator for Germany
JF - International journal of climatology : a journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
N2 - In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a stochastic multi-site, multi-variate weather generator at the scale of entire Germany and parts of the neighbouring countries covering the major German river basins Elbe, Upper Danube, Rhine, Weser and Ems with a total area of approximately 580,000 km(2). The regional weather generator, which is based on a first-order multi-variate auto-regressive model, is setup using 53-year long daily observational data at 528 locations. The performance is evaluated by investigating the ability of the weather generator to replicate various important statistical properties of the observed variables including precipitation occurrence and dry/wet transition probabilities, mean daily and extreme precipitation, multi-day precipitation sums, spatial correlation structure, areal precipitation, mean daily and extreme temperature and solar radiation. We explore two marginal distributions for daily precipitation amount: mixed Gamma-Generalized Pareto and extended Generalized Pareto. Furthermore, we introduce a new procedure to estimate the spatial correlation matrix and model mean daily temperature and solar radiation. The extensive evaluation reveals that the weather generator is greatly capable of capturing most of the crucial properties of the weather variables, particularly of extreme precipitation at individual locations. Some deficiencies are detected in capturing spatial precipitation correlation structure that leads to an overestimation of areal precipitation extremes. Further improvement of the spatial correlation structure is envisaged for future research. The mixed marginal model found to outperform the extended Generalized Pareto in our case. The use of power transformation in combination with normal distribution significantly improves the performance for non-precipitation variables. The weather generator can be used to generate synthetic event footprints for large-scale trans-basin flood risk assessment.
KW - correlation
KW - extreme
KW - flood
KW - large‐ scale
KW - multi‐ variate
KW - weather generator
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7107
SN - 0899-8418
SN - 1097-0088
VL - 41
IS - 10
SP - 4933
EP - 4956
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gasparini, Loretta
A1 - Langus, Alan
A1 - Tsuji, Sho
A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie
T1 - Quantifying the role of rhythm in infants' language discrimination abilities
BT - a meta-analysis
JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2 - More than 30 years have passed since Mehler et al. (1988) proposed that newborns can discriminate between languages that belong to different rhythm classes: stress-, syllable- or mora-timed. Thereupon they developed the hypothesis that infants are sensitive to differences in vowel and consonant interval durations as acoustic correlates of rhythm classes. It remains unknown exactly which durational computations infants use when perceiving speech for the purposes of distinguishing languages. Here, a meta-analysis of studies on infants' language discrimination skills over the first year of life was conducted, aiming to quantify how language discrimination skills change with age and are modulated by rhythm classes or durational metrics. A systematic literature search identified 42 studies that tested infants' (birth to 12 months) discrimination or preference of two language varieties, by presenting infants with auditory or audio-visual continuous speech. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using multivariate random effects meta-analytic models with the factors rhythm class difference, age, stimulus manipulation, method, and metrics operationalising proportions of and variability in vowel and consonant interval durations, to explore which factors best account for language discrimination or preference. Results revealed that smaller differences in vowel interval variability (oV) and larger differences in successive consonantal interval variability (rPVI-C) were associated with more successful language discrimination, and better accounted for discrimination results than the factor rhythm class. There were no effects of age for discrimination but results on preference studies were affected by age: the older infants get, the more they prefer non-native languages that are rhythmically similar to their native language, but not non-native languages that are rhythmically distinct. These findings can inform theories on language discrimination that have previously focussed on rhythm class, by providing a novel way to operationalise rhythm in language in the extent to which it accounts for infants' language discrimination abilities.
KW - Language discrimination
KW - Accent discrimination
KW - Speech rhythm
KW - Durational cues
KW - Infant speech perception
KW - Meta-analysis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104757
SN - 0010-0277
SN - 1873-7838
VL - 213
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yang, Sizhong
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
A1 - Svenning, Mette Marianne
A1 - Tveit, Alexander Tøsdal
T1 - Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming
JF - Molecular ecology
N2 - Temperature is an important factor governing microbe-mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short-term temperature increases in Arctic peat soil, and linked these shifts to higher CH4 and CO2 production rates (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E2507-E2516). Here, we studied the taxonomic composition and functional potential of samples from the same experiment. We see that along a high-resolution temperature gradient (1-30 degrees C), microbial communities change discretely, but not continuously or stochastically, in response to rising temperatures. The taxonomic variability may thus in part reflect the varied temperature responses of individual taxa and the competition between these taxa for resources. These taxonomic responses contrast the stable functional potential (metagenomic-based) across all temperatures or the previously observed metabolic or trophic shifts at key temperatures. Furthermore, with rising temperatures we observed a progressive decrease in species diversity (Shannon Index) and increased dispersion of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates. We conclude that the taxonomic variation is decoupled from both the functional potential of the community and the previously observed temperature-dependent changes in microbial function. However, the reduced diversity at higher temperatures might help explain the higher variability in GHG production at higher temperatures.
KW - microbial community
KW - permafrost
KW - species diversity
KW - stochastic
KW - temperature gradient
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16118
SN - 0962-1083
SN - 1365-294X
VL - 30
IS - 20
SP - 5094
EP - 5104
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hashemi, Seirana
A1 - Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra
A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E.
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - Relative flux trade-offs and optimization of metabolic network functionalities
JF - Computational and structural biotechnology journal
N2 - Trade-offs between traits are present across different levels of biological systems and ultimately reflect constraints imposed by physicochemical laws and the structure of underlying biochemical networks. Yet, mechanistic explanation of how trade-offs between molecular traits arise and how they relate to optimization of fitness-related traits remains elusive. Here, we introduce the concept of relative flux trade-offs and propose a constraint-based approach, termed FluTOr, to identify metabolic reactions whose fluxes are in relative trade-off with respect to an optimized fitness-related cellular task, like growth. We then employed FluTOr to identify relative flux trade-offs in the genome-scale metabolic networks of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. For the metabolic models of E. coli and S. cerevisiae we showed that: (i) the identified relative flux trade-offs depend on the carbon source used and that (ii) reactions that participated in relative trade-offs in both species were implicated in cofactor biosynthesis. In contrast to the two microorganisms, the relative flux trade-offs for the metabolic model of A. thaliana did not depend on the available nitrogen sources, reflecting the differences in the underlying metabolic network as well as the considered environments. Lastly, the established connection between relative flux trade-offs allowed us to identify overexpression targets that can be used to optimize fitness-related traits. Altogether, our computational approach and findings demonstrate how relative flux trade-offs can shape optimization of metabolic tasks, important in biotechnological applications.
KW - Trade-offs
KW - Metabolic networks
KW - Fluxes
KW - Overexpression targets
KW - Growth
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.038
SN - 2001-0370
VL - 20
SP - 3963
EP - 3971
PB - Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB)
CY - Gotenburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yadav, Himanshu
A1 - Husain, Samar
A1 - Futrell, Richard
T1 - Assessing corpus evidence for formal and psycholinguistic constraints on nonprojectivity
JF - Computational linguistics
N2 - Formal constraints on crossing dependencies have played a large role in research on the formal complexity of natural language grammars and parsing. Here we ask whether the apparent evidence for constraints on crossing dependencies in treebanks might arise because of independent constraints on trees, such as low arity and dependency length minimization. We address this question using two sets of experiments. In Experiment 1, we compare the distribution of formal properties of crossing dependencies, such as gap degree, between real trees and baseline trees matched for rate of crossing dependencies and various other properties. In Experiment 2, we model whether two dependencies cross, given certain psycholinguistic properties of the dependencies. We find surprisingly weak evidence for constraints originating from the mild context-sensitivity literature (gap degree and well-nestedness) beyond what can be explained by constraints on rate of crossing dependencies, topological properties of the trees, and dependency length. However, measures that have emerged from the parsing literature (e.g., edge degree, end-point crossings, and heads' depth difference) differ strongly between real and random trees. Modeling results show that cognitive metrics relating to information locality and working-memory limitations affect whether two dependencies cross or not, but they do not fully explain the distribution of crossing dependencies in natural languages. Together these results suggest that crossing constraints are better characterized by processing pressures than by mildly context-sensitive constraints.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00437
SN - 0891-2017
SN - 1530-9312
VL - 48
IS - 2
SP - 375
EP - 401
PB - MIT Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Finzel, Anna
T1 - Innate or acquired?
BT - homosexuality and cultural models of gender in Indian and Nigerian English
T2 - Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts) (CLSCC)
N2 - In this chapter, some of the findings from sociolinguistic interviews with 25 speakers of Indian English and 26 speakers of Nigerian English are presented. Emanating from a larger research project concerned with conceptualizations of gender, the current analysis focuses on conceptualizations of homosexuality and makes use of the analytical tools provided by Cultural Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics. In particular, the notions of “cultural conceptualizations” (e.g., Sharifian, 2011, 2017) and “cultural model” (e.g., Wolf & Polzenhagen, 2009; also cf. Schneider, 2014) are addressed.
At the time of data collection, discriminatory legislation concerning homosexuality was in force in India and Nigeria. Opinion polls likewise echoed a negative stance towards homosexuality among the population of the two countries. This raised the expectation that similar conceptualizations of homosexuality might be found in Indian and Nigerian English, both in terms of their negative connotation and of how homosexuality would exactly be conceptualized. However, this expectation was not fulfilled. Firstly, the acceptance among the Indian participants to this study was generally greater. Secondly, homosexuality was predominantly conceptualized as an innate condition in the Indian English data, while it was prevalently understood as an acquired condition by the Nigerian informants. Drawing from earlier findings within the context of the same project (Finzel, 2021; fc.), I suggest that these differences can be explained with culture-specific models of gender that lend their logic to conceptualizations of homosexuality.
KW - cognitive sociolinguistics
KW - cultural linguistics
KW - cultural conceptualizations
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.14.09fin
VL - 14
SP - 185
EP - 212
PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Wolf, Hans-Georg
T1 - Cultural conceptualizations of magical practices related to menstrual blood in a transhistorical and transcontinental perspective
T2 - Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC)
N2 - Most, if not all, of the studies in Cultural Linguistics have (a) taken a synchronic perspective or (b) focused on specific, intracultural conceptualizations. In my chapter, I will look at a cluster of conceptualizations that have been found to exist in different historical periods, in different languages and varieties, and on different continents. The case in point is conceptualizations of magical practices based on menstrual blood. The existence of these conceptualizations across time and space raises the challenging questions of their motivation, and, more generally, the “flow of conceptualizations.” While these questions will be pursued in my chapter, the main focus will be on an elaboration of the conceptual network of conceptualizations pertaining to menstrual blood magic.
KW - cultural conceptualizations
KW - menstrual blood
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-9-02725-970-7
SN - 978-9-02720-916-0
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.14.04wol
VL - 14
SP - 41
EP - 76
PB - John Benjamins Publishing Company
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wassermann, Birgit
A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1 - Cernava, Tomislav
A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu
A1 - Berg, Gabriele
T1 - Microbiome-based biotechnology for reducing food loss post harvest
JF - Current opinion in biotechnology
N2 - Microbiomes have an immense potential to enhance plant resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intrinsic microbial communities respond to changes in their host's physiology and environment during plant's life cycle. The potential of the inherent plant microbiome has been neglected for a long time, especially for the postharvest period. Currently, close to 50% of all produced fruits and vegetables are lost either during production or storage. Biological control of spoilage and storage diseases is still lacking sufficiency. Today, novel multiomics technologies allow us to study the microbiome and its responses on a community level, which will help to advance current classic approaches and develop more effective and robust microbiome-based solutions for fruit and vegetable storability, quality, and safety.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102808
SN - 0958-1669
SN - 1879-0429
VL - 78
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arnold, Patrick
A1 - Hagemann, Justus
A1 - Gilissen, Emmanuel
A1 - Hofreiter, Michael
T1 - Otter shrew mitogenomes (Afrotheria, Potamogalidae) reconstructed from historical museum skins
JF - Mitochondrial DNA. Part B
N2 - African otter shrews (Potamogalidae) are Afrotherian mammals adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Given their rareness, genetic data on otter shrews are limited. By applying laboratory methods tuned for the recovery of archival DNA and an iterative mapping approach, we reconstructed whole mitochondrial genomes of the Giant (Potamogale velox) and Ruwenzori pygmy otter shrew (Micropotamogale ruwenzorii) from historical museum skins. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with previous reports in recovering a sister relationship between African otter shrews and Malagasy tenrecs. The long branches separating both lineages, however, support their recognition as separate families.
KW - tenrecs
KW - Afrotheria
KW - Africa
KW - historical DNA
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2122747
SN - 2380-2359
VL - 7
IS - 9
SP - 1699
EP - 1701
PB - Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thongthaisong, Patch
A1 - Kasada, Minoru
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1 - Wollrab, Sabine
T1 - Critical role of parasite-mediated energy pathway on community response to nutrient enrichment
JF - Ecology and evolution
N2 - Parasites form an integral part of food webs, however, they are often ignored in classic food web theory or limited to the investigation of trophic transmission pathways. Specifically, direct consumption of parasites by nonhost predators is rarely considered, while it can contribute substantially to energy flow in food webs. In aquatic systems, chytrids constitute a major group of fungal parasites whose free-living infective stages (zoospores) form a highly nutritional food source to zooplankton. Thereby, the consumption of zoospores can create an energy pathway from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton ( "mycoloop "). This parasite-mediated energy pathway might be of special importance during phytoplankton blooms dominated by inedible or toxic primary producers like cyanobacteria, which are on the rise with eutrophication and global warming. We theoretically investigated community dynamics and energy transfer in a food web consisting of an edible nonhost and an inedible host phytoplankton species, a parasitic fungus, and a zooplankton species grazing on edible phytoplankton and fungi. Food web dynamics were investigated along a nutrient gradient contrasting nonadaptive zooplankton species representative for filter feeders like cladocerans and zooplankton with the ability to actively adapt their feeding preferences like many copepod species. Overall, the importance of the mycoloop for zooplankton increases with nutrient availability. This increase is smooth for nonadaptive consumers. For adaptive consumers, we observe an abrupt shift from an almost exclusive preference for edible phytoplankton at low nutrient levels to a strong preference for parasitic fungi at high nutrient levels. The model predicts that parasitic fungi could contribute up to 50% of the zooplankton diet in nutrient-rich environments, which agrees with empirical observations on zooplankton gut content from eutrophic systems during blooms of inedible diatoms or cyanobacteria. Our findings highlight the role of parasite-mediated energy pathways for predictions of energy flow and community composition under current and future environmental change.
KW - adaptive preference
KW - energy flow
KW - food web
KW - mycoloop
KW - parasite-mediated
KW - energy pathway
KW - parasites
KW - parasitic fungi
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9622
SN - 2045-7758
VL - 12
IS - 12
PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY - [Hoboken]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1 - Erschen, Sabine
A1 - Krause, Robert
A1 - Müller, Henry
A1 - Cernava, Tomislav
A1 - Berg, Gabriele
T1 - Enhanced survival of multi-species biofilms under stress is promoted by low-abundant but antimicrobial-resistant keystone species
JF - Journal of hazardous materials : environmental control, risk assessment, impact and management
N2 - Multi-species biofilms are more resistant against stress compared to single-species biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying this common observation remain elusive. Therefore, we studied biofilm formation of well-known opportunistic pathogens (Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) in various approaches. Synergistic effects in their multi species biofilms were observed. Using metatranscriptomics, changes in the gene expression of the involved members became evident, and provided explanations for the improved survivability under nutrient limitation and exposure to disinfectants. Genes encoding proteins for vitamin B6 synthesis and iron uptake were linked to synergism in the multi-species biofilm under nutrient-limited conditions. Our study indicates that sub-lethal concentrations of an alcohol-based disinfectant enhance biofilm yields in multi-species assemblages. A reduction of the dominant taxa in the multi-species biofilm under disinfectant pressure allowed minor taxa to bloom. The findings underline the importance of minor but antimicrobial-resistant species that serve as "protectors" for the whole assemblage due to upregulation of genes involved in defence mechanisms and biofilm formation. This ultimately results in an increase in the total yield of the multi-species biofilm. We conclude that inter-species interactions may be crucial for the survival of opportunistic pathogens; especially under conditions that are typically found under hospital settings.
KW - Biofilm
KW - Opportunistic pathogen
KW - Synergism
KW - Multi-species
KW - Metatranscriptomic
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126836
SN - 0304-3894
SN - 1873-3336
VL - 422
PB - Science Direct
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Koukoulioti, Vasiliki
A1 - Stavrakaki, Stavroula
A1 - Vomva, Maria
A1 - Adani, Flavia
T1 - Gender marking and clitic pronoun resolution in simultaneous bilingual children
JF - Languages : open access journal
N2 - The acquisition of clitics still remains a highly controversial issue in Greek acquisition literature despite the bulk of studies performed.
Object clitics have been shown to be early acquired by monolingual children in terms of production rates, whereas only highly proficient bilingual children achieve target-like performance.
Crucially, errors in gender marking are persistent for monolingual and bilingual children even when adult-like production rates are achieved.
This study aims to readdress the acquisition of clitics in an innovative way, by entering the variable of gender in an experimental design targeting to assess production and processing by bilingual and monolingual children.
Moreover, we examined the role of language proficiency (in terms of general verbal intelligence and syntactic production abilities). The groups had comparable performance in both tasks (in terms of correct responses and error distribution in production and reaction times in comprehension).
However, verbal intelligence had an effect on the performance of the monolingual but not of the bilingual group in the production task, and bilingual children were overall slower in the comprehension task. Syntactic production abilities did not have any effect. We argue that gender marking affects clitic processing, and we discuss the implications of our findings for bilingual acquisition.
KW - bilingual acquisition
KW - clitic pronouns
KW - gender
KW - language proficiency
KW - language input
KW - sentence production
KW - sentence processing
KW - Modern Greek
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040250
SN - 2226-471X
VL - 7
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wang, Rong
A1 - Kuhn, Gerhard
A1 - Gong, Xun
A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K.
A1 - Gersonde, Rainer
A1 - Lembke-Jene, Lester
A1 - Lohmann, Gerrit
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf
A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard
T1 - Deglacial land-ocean linkages at the Alaskan continental margin in the Bering Sea
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2 - A marine sediment record from the central Bering Sea, spanning the last 20 thousand years (ka), was studied to unravel the depositional history with regard to terrigenous sediment supply and biogenic sedimentation. Methodic approaches comprised the inference of accumulation rates of siliciclastic and biogenic components, grain-size analysis, and (clay) mineralogy, as well as paleoclimatic modelling. Changes in the depositional history provides insight into land-ocean linkages of paleoenvironmental changes. During the finale of the Last Glacial Maximum, the depositional environment was characterized by hemipelagic background sedimentation. A marked change in the terrigenous sediment provenance during the late Heinrich 1 Stadial (15.7-14.5 ka), indicated by increases in kaolinite and a high glaciofluvial influx of clay, gives evidence of the deglaciation of the Brooks Range in the hinterland of Alaska. This meltwater pulse also stimulated the postglacial onset of biological productivity. Glacial melt implies regional climate warming during a time of widespread cooling on the northern hemisphere. Our simulation experiment with a coupled climate model suggests atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic, with impacts on the dynamics of the Aleutian Low system that gave rise to warmer winters and an early onset of spring during that time. The late deglacial period between 14.5 and 11.0 ka was characterized by enhanced fluvial runoff and biological productivity in the course of climate amelioration, sea-level rise, seasonal sea-ice retreat, and permafrost thaw in the hinterland. The latter processes temporarily stalled during the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 ka) and commenced again during the Preboreal (earliest Holocene), after 11.7 ka. High river runoff might have fertilized the Bering Sea and contributed to enhanced upper ocean stratification. Since 11.0 ka, advanced transgression has shifted the coast line and fluvial influence of the Yukon River away from the study site. The opening of the Bering Strait strengthened contour currents along the continental slope, leaving behind winnowed sand-rich sediments through the early to mid-Holocene, with non-deposition occurring since about 6.0 ka.
KW - North Pacific
KW - terrigenous sediments
KW - heinrich event
KW - brooks range
KW - deglaciation
KW - meltwater
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.712415
SN - 2296-6463
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
A1 - Bahr, Andre
A1 - Yamoah, Kweku A.
A1 - Chuang, Chih-Kai
A1 - Li, Hong-Chun
A1 - Su, Chih-Chieh
A1 - Wei, Kuo-Yen
T1 - Rapid humidity changes across the Northern South China Sea during the last similar to 40 kyrs
JF - Marine geology : international journal of marine geology, geochemistry and geophysics
N2 - A key aspect of East Asian climate is its summer monsoonal system which influences nearly one-third of the world's population. Recent results indicate that the primary response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to anthropogenic forced climate warming may be a shift in geographical range instead of an intensity change, which would lead to spatial coexistence of floods and droughts over southeastern Asia. The predicted EASM variability in the future has made it paramount to study its past changes and the associated tempo-spatial pattern of aridity and humidity in its purview. In order to decipher past changes in EASM, we applied a multi-proxy geochemical approach to the sediment core ORI-891-16-P1 located in the northern South China Sea. The position of this sediment core on top of a seamount makes it uniquely sensitive to changes in the terrigenous input into northern South China Sea unbiased by sea level-induced downslope transport processes. Utilizing the ln(Ti/Ca) ratio throughout the sediment sequence we trace terrigenous influx changes reflecting EASM prevalence during the last similar to 40 kyrs. Based on the comparison of our results to previous studies we infer that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; similar to 20 ka BP) was characterized by a steep N-S humidity gradient. This spatial pattern was in line with a southward shift or contraction of the summer monsoonal trough of 10-15 degrees from its current position toward the centre of the South China Sea. Superimposed on orbital time scale fluctuations we also find strong indication of millennial-scale variability related to Heinrich Stadials. The impact of Heinrich Stadials on the EASM seems amplified during insolation minima, while high summer insolation seems to buffer the monsoonal system to such perturbations. We infer that (i) the humidity-aridity distribution during the LGM mimics predictions of the proposed future EASM configuration, and (ii) that the sensitivity of the EASM to weakening in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is the strongest since the last glacial.
KW - East Asian Summer monsoon variability
KW - South China Sea
KW - Late Pleistocene
KW - climate variability
KW - Terrigenous influx changes
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106579
SN - 0025-3227
SN - 1872-6151
VL - 440
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Shaw, Vasundhara
A1 - van Vliet, Arjen
A1 - Taylor, Andrew M.
T1 - Galactic halo bubble magnetic fields and UHECR deflections
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - We consider the synchrotron emission from electrons out in the Galactic halo bubble region where the Fermi bubble structures reside.
Utilizing a simple analytical expression for the non-thermal electron distribution and a toy magnetic field model, we simulate polarized synchrotron emission maps at a frequency of 30 GHz.
Comparing these maps with the observational data, we obtain constraints on the parameters of our toy Galactic halo bubble magnetic field model.
Utilizing this parameter value range for the toy magnetic field model, we determine the corresponding range of arrival directions and suppression factors of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) from potential local source locations.
We find that high levels of flux suppression (down to 2 per cent) and large deflection angles (>= 80 degrees) are possible for source locations whose line of sight pass through the Galactic halo bubble region.
We conclude that the magnetic field out in the Galactic halo bubble region can strongly dominate the level of deflection UHECRs experience whilst propagating from local sources to Earth.
KW - astroparticle physics
KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW - galaxies: magnetic fields
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2778
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 517
IS - 2
SP - 2534
EP - 2545
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Huang, Jingshui
A1 - Borchardt, Dietrich
A1 - Rode, Michael
T1 - How do inorganic nitrogen processing pathways change quantitatively at daily, seasonal, and multiannual scales in a large agricultural stream?
JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2 - Large agricultural streams receive excessive inputs of nitrogen.
However, quantifying the role of these streams in nitrogen processing remains limited because continuous direct measurements of the interacting and highly time-varying nitrogen processing pathways in larger streams and rivers are very complex.
Therefore, we employed a monitoring-driven modelling approach with high-frequency in situ data and the river water quality model Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) 7.5.2 in the 27.4 km reach of the sixth-order agricultural stream called Lower Bode (central Germany) for a 5-year period (2014-2018).
Paired high-frequency sensor data (15 min interval) of discharge, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a at upstream and downstream stations were used as model boundaries and for setting model constraints.
The WASP model simulated 15 min intervals of discharge, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values higher than 0.9 for calibration and validation, enabling the calculation of gross and net dissolved inorganic nitrogen uptake and pathway rates on a daily, seasonal, and multiannual scale.
Results showed daily net uptake rate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen ranged from -17.4 to 553.9 mgNm(-2)d(-1). The highest daily net uptake could reach almost 30 % of the total input loading, which occurred at extreme low flow in summer 2018.
The growing season (spring and summer) accounted for 91 % of the average net annual uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the measured period. In spring, both the DIN gross and net uptake were dominated by the phytoplankton uptake pathway. In summer, benthic algae assimilation dominated the gross uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen.
Conversely, the reach became a net source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen with negative daily net uptake values in autumn and winter, mainly because the release from benthic algae surpassed uptake processes.
Over the 5 years, average gross and net uptake rates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were 124.1 and 56.8 mgNm(-2)d(-1), which accounted for only 2.7 % and 1.2 % of the total loadings in the Lower Bode, respectively. The 5-year average gross DIN uptake decreased from assimilation by benthic algae through assimilation by phytoplankton to denitrification.
Our study highlights the value of combining river water quality modelling with high-frequency data to obtain a reliable budget of instream dissolved inorganic nitrogen processing which facilitates our ability to manage nitrogen in aquatic systems.
This study provides a methodology that can be applied to any large stream to quantify nitrogen processing pathway dynamics and complete our understanding of nitrogen cycling.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022
SN - 1027-5606
SN - 1607-7938
VL - 26
IS - 22
SP - 5817
EP - 5833
PB - Copernicus Publ.
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stechemesser, Annika
A1 - Levermann, Anders
A1 - Wenz, Leonie
T1 - Temperature impacts on hate speech online: evidence from 4 billion geolocated tweets from the USA
JF - The lancet. Planetary health
N2 - Background - A link between weather and aggression in the offline world has been established across a variety of societal settings. Simultaneously, the rapid digitalisation of nearly every aspect of everyday life has led to a high frequency of interpersonal conflicts online. Hate speech online has become a prevalent problem that has been shown to aggravate mental health conditions, especially among young people and marginalised groups.
We examine the effect of temperature on the occurrence of hate speech on the social media platform Twitter and interpret the results in the context of the interlinkage between climate change, human behaviour, and mental health.
Methods - In this quantitative empirical study, we used a supervised machine learning approach to identify hate speech in a dataset containing around 4 billion geolocated tweets from 773 cities across the USA between May 1, 2014 and May 1, 2020.
We statistically evaluated the changes in daily hate tweets against changes in local temperature, isolating the temperature influence from confounding factors using binned panel-regression models.
Findings - The prevalence of hate tweets was lowest at moderate temperatures (12 to 21?) and marked increases in the number of hate tweets were observed at hotter and colder temperatures, reaching up to 12middot5% (95% CI 8middot0-16middot5) for cold temperature extremes (-6 to -3?) and up to 22middot0% (95% CI 20middot5-23middot5) for hot temperature extremes (42 to 45?). Outside of the moderate temperature range, the hate tweets also increased as a proportion of total tweeting activity. The quasi-quadratic shape of the temperature-hate tweet curve was robust across varying climate zones, income quartiles, religious and political beliefs, and both city-level and state-level aggregations.
However, temperature ranges with the lowest prevalence of hate tweets were centred around the local temperature mean and the magnitude of the increases in hate tweets for hot and cold temperatures varied across the climate zones.
Interpretation - Our results highlight hate speech online as a potential channel through which temperature alters interpersonal conflict and societal aggression. We provide empirical evidence that hot and cold temperatures can aggravate aggressive tendencies online. The prevalence of the results across climatic and socioeconomic subgroups points to limitations in the ability of humans to adapt to temperature extremes.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00173-5
SN - 2542-5196
VL - 6
IS - 9
SP - E714
EP - E725
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Olimi, Expedito
A1 - Bickel, Samuel
A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter
A1 - Matzer, Robert
A1 - Cernava, Tomislav
A1 - Berg, Gabriele
T1 - Deciphering the microbial composition of biodynamic preparations and their effects on the apple rhizosphere microbiome
JF - Frontiers in soil science
N2 - Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities.
The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture.
In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France.
In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera.
When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity.
One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas.
Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils.
KW - biodynamic farming
KW - compost microbiome
KW - biodynamic manures
KW - biodynamic preparations
KW - rhizosphere microbiome
KW - 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon sequencing
KW - organic soil amendments
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869
SN - 2673-8619
VL - 2
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Masanneck, Lars
A1 - Räuber, S.
A1 - Gieseler, Pauline
A1 - Ruck, T.
A1 - Stern, Ariel Dora
A1 - Meuth, S. G.
A1 - Pawlitzki, M.
T1 - Geography and a changing technology landscape: analysing coverage of German multiple sclerosis care networks and digital health technology adoption in multiple sclerosis trials
T2 - Multiple sclerosis journal
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221123687
SN - 1352-4585
SN - 1477-0970
VL - 28
IS - Supplement 3
SP - 492
EP - 493
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chromik, Jonas
A1 - Klopfenstein, Sophie Anne Ines
A1 - Pfitzner, Bjarne
A1 - Sinno, Zeena-Carola
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
A1 - Balzer, Felix
A1 - Poncette, Akira-Sebastian
T1 - Computational approaches to alleviate alarm fatigue in intensive care medicine: a systematic literature review
JF - Frontiers in digital health
N2 - Patient monitoring technology has been used to guide therapy and alert staff when a vital sign leaves a predefined range in the intensive care unit (ICU) for decades. However, large amounts of technically false or clinically irrelevant alarms provoke alarm fatigue in staff leading to desensitisation towards critical alarms.
With this systematic review, we are following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) checklist in order to summarise scientific efforts that aimed to develop IT systems to reduce alarm fatigue in ICUs. 69 peer-reviewed publications were included. The majority of publications targeted the avoidance of technically false alarms, while the remainder focused on prediction of patient deterioration or alarm presentation.
The investigated alarm types were mostly associated with heart rate or arrhythmia, followed by arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate.
Most publications focused on the development of software solutions, some on wearables, smartphones, or headmounted displays for delivering alarms to staff.
The most commonly used statistical models were tree-based. In conclusion, we found strong evidence that alarm fatigue can be alleviated by IT-based solutions.
However, future efforts should focus more on the avoidance of clinically non-actionable alarms which could be accelerated by improving the data availability.
KW - alarm fatigue
KW - alarm management
KW - alarm optimisation
KW - intensive care unit
KW - IT system
KW - patient monitoring
KW - ICU
KW - critical care
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.843747
SN - 2673-253X
VL - 4
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Petzolt, Sophie
A1 - Hölzle, Katharina
A1 - Kullik, Oliver
A1 - Gergeleit, Wiebke
A1 - Radunski, Anne
T1 - Organisational digital transformation of SMEs—development and application of a digital transformation maturity model for business model transformation
JF - International journal of innovation in management
N2 - One of the most challenging difficulties for incumbent organisations, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is to manage digital transformation driven by technological change. Incumbent organisations' responses to digital transformation have been extensively studied in the current literature.
However, most research neglects digital transformation in SMEs. There are hardly any valid developed measures for the maturity of digital transformation. We present a holistic digital transformation maturity model based on an extensive literature review, qualitative computer-assisted data analysis, and empirical findings.
The digital transformation maturity model focuses on small- and medium-sized enterprises' unique features and characteristics.
We proved the practical applicability and relevance of the digital transformation maturity model in an extensive study involving various organisations, particularly German SMEs (n = 310).
Organisations can use this model to assess themselves initially and, through this process, gain a comprehensive understanding of the multiple forms of digital transformation.
KW - organisational digital transformation
KW - German Mittelstand
KW - SMEs
KW - maturity model
KW - business model transformation
KW - organizational change
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622400175
SN - 1363-9196
SN - 1757-5877
VL - 26
IS - 3
PB - World Scientific Publ.
CY - Singapore
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jones, Chris
A1 - Wiesner, Karoline
T1 - Clarifying how degree entropies and degree-degree correlations relate to network robustness
JF - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies
N2 - It is often claimed that the entropy of a network's degree distribution is a proxy for its robustness. Here, we clarify the link between degree distribution entropy and giant component robustness to node removal by showing that the former merely sets a lower bound to the latter for randomly configured networks when no other network characteristics are specified. Furthermore, we show that, for networks of fixed expected degree that follow degree distributions of the same form, the degree distribution entropy is not indicative of robustness. By contrast, we show that the remaining degree entropy and robustness have a positive monotonic relationship and give an analytic expression for the remaining degree entropy of the log-normal distribution. We also show that degree-degree correlations are not by themselves indicative of a network's robustness for real networks. We propose an adjustment to how mutual information is measured which better encapsulates structural properties related to robustness.
KW - complex networks
KW - network robustness
KW - degree distribution entropy;
KW - remaining degree entropy
KW - mutual information of networks
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091182
SN - 1099-4300
VL - 24
IS - 9
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Dershowitz, Idan
T1 - The dismembered bible
T1 - Die zergliederte Bibel
BT - cutting and pasting scripture in antiquity
BT - Ausschneiden und Einfügen von heiligen Schriften in der Antike
T3 - Forschungen zum Alten Testament (FAT)
N2 - It is often presumed that biblical redaction was invariably done using conventional scribal methods, meaning that when editors sought to modify or compile existing texts, they would do so in the process of rewriting them upon new scrolls. There is, however, substantial evidence pointing to an alternative scenario: Various sections of the Hebrew Bible appear to have been created through a process of material redaction. In some cases, ancient editors simply appended new sheets to existing scrolls. Other times, they literally cut and pasted their sources, carving out patches of text from multiple manuscripts and then gluing them together like a collage. Idan Dershowitz shows how this surprising technique left behind telltale traces in the biblical text - especially when the editors made mistakes - allowing us to reconstruct their modus operandi. Material evidence from the ancient Near East and elsewhere further supports his hypothesis.
N2 - Wesentliche Teile der Hebräischen Bibel wurden durch Ausschneiden und Einfügen erstellt. Textstellen aus vorbiblischen Manuskripten wurden herausgeschnitten und dann wie eine Collage wieder zusammengesetzt. Idan Dershowitz zeigt, wie diese überraschende Technik verräterische Spuren hinterließ, die sich offensichtlich auf den Seiten der Bibel verbergen.
»Es handelt sich hier um eine äußerst anregende Studie, die die Forschungsdiskussion nachhaltig beeinflussen wird [...]. The Dismembered Bible ist ein herausragendes Beispiel dafür, was die Bibelwissenschaften von benachbarten Disziplinen lernen können und markiert hoffentlich erst den Anfang eines intensiveren Dialogs zwischen Exegese und der Forschung zu materiellen Aspekten der Textproduktion.«
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-16-159860-9
SN - 978-3-16-159861-6
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159861-6
VL - 143
PB - Mohr Siebeck
CY - Tübingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eulenfeld, Tom
A1 - Dahm, Torsten
A1 - Heimann, Sebastian
A1 - Wegler, Ulrich
T1 - Fast and robust earthquake source spectra and moment magnitudes from envelope inversion
JF - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA
N2 - With the present study, we introduce a fast and robust method to calculate the source displacement spectra of small earthquakes on a local to regional scale. The work is based on the publicly available Qopen method of full envelope inversion, which is further tuned for the given purpose. Important source parameters-seismic moment, moment magnitude, corner frequency, and high-frequency fall off-are determined from the source spectra by fitting a simple earthquake source model. The method is demonstrated by means of a data set comprising the 2018 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. We report moment magnitudes, corner frequencies, and centroid moment tensors inverted from short-period body waves with the Grond package for all earthquakes with a local magnitude larger than 1.8. Moment magnitudes calculated by envelope inversion show a very good agreement to moment magnitudes resulting from the probabilisitc moment tensor inversion. Furthermore, source displacement spectra from envelope inversion show a good agreement with spectra obtained by multiple taper analysis of the direct onsets of body waves but are not affected by the large scatter of the second. The seismic moments obtained with the envelope inversion scale with corner frequencies according to M-0 proportional to f(c)(-4.7). Earthquakes of the present data set result in a smaller stress drop for smaller magnitudes. Self-similarity of earthquake rupture is not observed. In addition, we report frequency-dependent site amplification at the used stations.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210200
SN - 0037-1106
SN - 1943-3573
VL - 112
IS - 2
SP - 878
EP - 893
PB - Seismological Society of America
CY - El Cerito, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Henkel, Carsten
A1 - Folman, Ron
T1 - Internal decoherence in nano-object interferometry due to phonons
JF - AVS Quantum Science
N2 - We discuss the coherent splitting and recombining of a nanoparticle in a mesoscopic "closed-loop" Stern-Gerlach interferometer in which the observable is the spin of a single impurity embedded in the particle.
This spin, when interacting with a pulsed magnetic gradient, generates the force on the particle.
We calculate the internal decoherence, which arises as the displaced impurity excites internal degrees of freedom (phonons) that may provide WelcherWeg information and preclude interference.
We estimate the constraints this decoherence channel puts on future interference experiments with massive objects. We find that for a wide range of masses, forces, and temperatures, phonons do not inhibit Stern-Gerlach interferometry with micro-scale objects.
However, phonons do constitute a fundamental limit on the splitting of larger macroscopic objects if the applied force induces phonons.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0080503
SN - 2639-0213
VL - 4
IS - 2
PB - AIP Publishing
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kluge, Lucas
A1 - Levermann, Anders
A1 - Schewe, Jacob
T1 - Radiation model for migration with directional preferences
JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2 - The radiation model is a parameter-free model of human mobility that has been applied primarily for short-distance moves, such as commuting. When applied to migration, it underestimates the number of long-range moves, such as between different US states. Here we show that it additionally suffers from a conceptual inconsistency that can have substantial numerical effects on long-distance moves.
We propose a modification of the radiation model that introduces a dependence on the angle between any two alternative potential destinations, accounting for the possibility that migrants may have preferences about the approximate direction of their move.
We demonstrate that this modification mitigates the conceptual inconsistency and improves the model fit to observational migration data, without introducing any fitting parameters.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064138
SN - 2470-0045
SN - 2470-0053
VL - 106
IS - 6
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Omrani, Hadi
A1 - Günter, Christina
A1 - Shamanian, Gholam Hossein
A1 - Omrani, Mehdi
T1 - Post-collisional alkaline lamprophyre magmatism in northern Iran
BT - implications from whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions
JF - The island arc : official journal of the Geological Society of Japan
N2 - The Shanderman lamprophyre dykes crop out in the western part of the Alborz Mountains (Talesh).
These rocks are classified as camptonites, composed of primary olivine, Ti-rich diopside, kaersutite, biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and minor Ti-rich spinels, magnetite, pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite, and powellite-scheelite. Secondary analcime-wairakite, serpentines, and prehnite are common minor minerals within the studied rocks.
Olivine, Ti-rich diopside, spinel, and amphibole show distinct chemical zoning. Spinels display a core-to-rim decrease in Cr2O3, MgO, and Al2O3 concentrations and an increase in TiO2 and FeOT (total Fe as FeO), reflecting the oxidation state increase due to hydrothermal fluid influx. Low SiO2 contents (< 42 wt%), high MgO (12.44 to 13.98 wt%), and Fe2O3T (12.76 to 13.43 wt%), Cr (318-537 mu g/g) and Ni (231-327 mu g/g) contents indicate the ultrabasic nature of the rocks.
The samples show potassic character (2.1-2.8 wt% K2O), along with elevated LREE and LILE, and also exhibit minor positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 1.09 to 1.20).
Olivine-spinel geothermometry indicates a maximum crystallization temperature of 1227 degrees C (ave. 988 degrees C +/- 65 degrees C).
Exsolution of pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite solid solutions occurred during magma cooling and crystallization. At lower temperatures, analcime-wairakite and prehnite partially replaced plagioclases.
The geochemical modeling of the rocks indicates the Shanderman lamprophyre magmas were derived from low-grade melting (< 5%) of amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite source without or with very few phlogopites.
The primary magma of Shanderman lamprophyres was derived from a depth of similar to 135 km by partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source in a post-collisional environment.
KW - Alborz
KW - analcime-wairakite
KW - camptonite
KW - pentlandite-pyrrhotite
KW - chalcopyrite
KW - powellite-scheelite
KW - ultrabasic magma
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.12469
SN - 1038-4871
SN - 1440-1738
VL - 31
IS - 1
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pauzon, Camille
A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1 - Fischer, Marie
A1 - Ahlström, Johan
A1 - Fritsch, Tilman
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
A1 - Hryha, Eduard
T1 - Impact of contour scanning and helium-rich process gas on performances of Alloy 718 lattices produced by laser powder bed fusion
JF - Materials & Design
N2 - Contour scanning and process gas type are process parameters typically considered achieving second order effects compared to first order factors such as laser power and scanning speed.
The present work highlights that contour scanning is crucial to ensure geometrical accuracy and thereby the high performance under uniaxial compression of complex Alloy 718 lattice structures.
Studies of X-ray computed tomography visualizations of as-built and compression-strained structures reveal the continuous and smooth bending and compression of the walls, and the earlier onset of internal contact appearance in the denser lattices printed with contour. In contrast, the effect of addition of He to the Ar process gas appears to have limited influence on the mechanical response of the lattices and their microstructure as characterized by electron backscattered diffraction.
However, the addition of He proved to significantly enhance the cooling rate and to reduce the amount of the generated spatters as evidenced by in situ monitoring of the process emissions, which is very promising for the process stability and powder reusability during laser powder bed fusion.
KW - additive manufacturing
KW - laser powder bed fusion
KW - gyroid lattice
KW - process atmosphere
KW - Alloy 718
KW - spatters
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110501
SN - 0264-1275
SN - 1873-4197
VL - 215
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius
A1 - Mascarenhas, Eric J.
A1 - Büchner, Robby
A1 - Jay, Raphael M.
A1 - Fondell, Mattis
A1 - Eckert, Sebastian
A1 - Foehlisch, Alexander
T1 - Metal-water covalency in the photo-aquated ferrocyanide complex as seen by multi-edge picosecond X-ray absorption
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2 - In this work, we investigate the photo-aquation reaction of the ferrocyanide anion with multi-edge picosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy.
Combining the information of the iron L-edge with nitrogen and oxygen K-edges, we carry out a complete characterization of the bonding channels in the [Fe(CN)(5)(H2O)](3-) photo-product.
We observe clear spectral signatures of covalent bonding between water and the metal, reflecting the mixing of the Fe d(z)(2) orbital with the 3a(1) and 4a(1) orbitals of H2O. Additional fingerprints related to the symmetry reduction and the resulting loss in orbital degeneracy are also reported.
The implications of the elucidated fingerprints in the context of future ultra-fast experiments are also discussed.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp04084k
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 45
SP - 27819
EP - 27826
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vassileva, Magdalena
A1 - Al-Halbouni, Djamil
A1 - Motagh, Mahdi
A1 - Walter, Thomas R.
A1 - Dahm, Torsten
A1 - Wetzel, Hans-Ulrich
T1 - A decade-long silent ground subsidence hazard culminating in a metropolitan disaster in Maceio, Brazil
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Ground subsidence caused by natural or anthropogenic processes affects major urban areas worldwide. Sinkhole formation and infrastructure fractures have intensified in the federal capital of Maceio (Alagoas, Brazil) since early 2018, forcing authorities to relocate affected residents and place buildings under demolition. In this study, we present a 16-year history (2004-2020) of surface displacement, which shows precursory deformations in 2004-2005, reaching a maximum cumulative subsidence of approximately 200 cm near the Mundau Lagoon coast in November 2020. By integrating the displacement observations with numerical source modelling, we suggest that extensive subsidence can be primarily associated with the removal of localized, deep-seated material at the location and depth where salt is mined. We discuss the accelerating subsidence rates, influence of severe precipitation events on the aforementioned geological instability, and related hazards. This study suggests that feedback destabilization mechanisms may arise in evaporite systems due to anthropogenic activities, fostering enhanced and complex superficial ground deformation.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87033-0
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 11
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stallasch, Sophie E.
A1 - Lüdtke, Oliver
A1 - Artelt, Cordula
A1 - Brunner, Martin
T1 - Multilevel design parameters to plan cluster-randomized intervention studies on student achievement in elementary and secondary school
JF - Journal of research on educational effectiveness
N2 - To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level. Previous research has mostly been conducted in the United States, focused on two-level designs, and limited to core achievement domains (i.e., mathematics, science, reading). Using representative data of students attending grades 1-12 from three German longitudinal large-scale assessments (3,963 <= N <= 14,640), we used three- and two-level latent (covariate) models to provide design parameters and corresponding standard errors for a broad array of domain-specific (e.g., mathematics, science, verbal skills) and domain-general (e.g., basic cognitive functions) achievement outcomes. Three covariate sets were applied comprising (a) pretest scores, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. Design parameters varied considerably as a function of the hierarchical level, achievement outcome, and grade level. Our findings demonstrate the need to strive for an optimal fit between design parameters and target research context. We illustrate the application of design parameters in power analyses.
KW - Intraclass correlation
KW - explained variance
KW - large-scale assessment
KW - multilevel latent (covariate) model
KW - power analysis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2020.1823539
SN - 1934-5747
SN - 1934-5739
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 172
EP - 206
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bohdan, Artem
A1 - Weidl, Martin S.
A1 - Morris, Paul J.
A1 - Pohl, Martin
T1 - The electron foreshock at high-Mach-number non-relativistic oblique shocks
JF - Physics of plasmas
N2 - In the Universe, matter outside of stars and compact objects is mostly composed of collisionless plasma.
The interaction of a supersonic plasma flow with an obstacle results in collisionless shocks that are often associated with intense nonthermal radiation and the production of cosmic ray particles.
Motivated by simulations of non-relativistic high-Mach-number shocks in supernova remnants, we investigate the instabilities excited by relativistic electron beams in the extended foreshock of oblique shocks.
The phase-space distributions in the inner and outer foreshock regions are derived with a particle-in-cell simulation of the shock and used as initial conditions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions to study their relaxation toward equilibrium.
We find that the observed electron-beam instabilities agree very well with the predictions of a linear dispersion analysis: the electrostatic electron-acoustic instability dominates in the outer region of the foreshock, while the denser electron beams in the inner foreshock drive the gyroresonant oblique-whistler instability.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084544
SN - 1070-664X
SN - 1089-7674
VL - 29
IS - 5
PB - AIP Publishing
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wright, Michelle F.
A1 - Wachs, Sebastian
T1 - Moderation of technology use in the association between self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' romantic relationship quality
JF - Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking
N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of technology use for relationship maintenance on the longitudinal associations among self-isolation during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and romantic relationship quality among adolescents. Participants were 239 (120 female; M age = 16.69, standard deviation [SD] = 0.61; 60 percent Caucasian) 11th and 12th graders from three midwestern high schools. To qualify for this study, adolescents had to be in the same romantic relationship for the duration of the study, similar to 7 months (M length of relationship = 10.03 months). Data were collected in October of 2019 (Time 1) and again 7 months later in May of 2020 (Time 2). Adolescents completed a romantic relationship questionnaire at Time 1 and again at Time 2, along with questionnaires on frequency of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance. Findings revealed that increases in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic related positively to the use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance and negatively to Time 2 romantic relationship quality. High use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance buffered against the negative effects of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' romantic relationship quality 7 months later, whereas low use strengthened the negative relationship between self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and romantic relationship quality. These findings suggest the importance of considering the implications of societal crisis or pandemics on adolescents' close relationships, particularly their romantic relationships.
KW - romantic relationship
KW - COVID-19
KW - coronavirus
KW - technology
KW - romantic
KW - relationship quality
KW - adolescent
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0729
SN - 2152-2715
SN - 2152-2723
VL - 24
IS - 7
SP - 493
EP - 498
PB - Liebert
CY - New Rochelle
ER -