TY - JOUR A1 - Endesfelder, Stefanie A1 - Weichelt, Ulrike A1 - Strauß, Evelyn A1 - Schlör, Anja A1 - Sifringer, Marco A1 - Scheuer, Till A1 - Bührer, Christoph A1 - Schmitz, Thomas T1 - Neuroprotection by caffeine in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Sequelae of prematurity triggered by oxidative stress and free radical-mediated tissue damage have coined the term “oxygen radical disease of prematurity”. Caffeine, a potent free radical scavenger and adenosine receptor antagonist, reduces rates of brain damage in preterm infants. In the present study, we investigated the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress markers, anti-oxidative response, inflammation, redox-sensitive transcription factors, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. The brain of a rat pups at postnatal Day 6 (P6) corresponds to that of a human fetal brain at 28–32 weeks gestation and the neonatal rat is an ideal model in which to investigate effects of oxidative stress and neuroprotection of caffeine on the developing brain. Six-day-old Wistar rats were pre-treated with caffeine and exposed to 80% oxygen for 24 and 48 h. Caffeine reduced oxidative stress marker (heme oxygenase-1, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)), promoted anti-oxidative response (superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 1, and sulfiredoxin 1), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated redox-sensitive transcription factor expression (Nrf2/Keap1, and NFκB), reduced pro-apoptotic effectors (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and caspase-3), and diminished extracellular matrix degeneration (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, and inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1/2). Our study affirms that caffeine is a pleiotropic neuroprotective drug in the developing brain due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. KW - anti-oxidative response KW - caffeine KW - hyperoxia KW - oxidative stress KW - preterm infants KW - developing brain Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010187 SN - 1422-0067 SN - 1661-6596 VL - 18 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Jaeheung A1 - Lühr, Hermann A1 - Kervalishvili, Guram A1 - Rauberg, Jan A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Kwak, Young-Sil A1 - Lee, Woo Kyoung T1 - Morphology of high-latitude plasma density perturbations as deduced from the total electron content measurements onboard the Swarm constellation JF - Journal of geophysical research : A, Space physics N2 - In this study, we investigate the climatology of high-latitude total electron content (TEC) variations as observed by the dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers onboard the Swarm satellite constellation. The distribution of TEC perturbations as a function of geographic/magnetic coordinates and seasons reasonably agrees with that of the Challenging Minisatellite Payload observations published earlier. Categorizing the high-latitude TEC perturbations according to line-of-sight directions between Swarm and GNSS satellites, we can deduce their morphology with respect to the geomagnetic field lines. In the Northern Hemisphere, the perturbation shapes are mostly aligned with the L shell surface, and this anisotropy is strongest in the nightside auroral (substorm) and subauroral regions and weakest in the central polar cap. The results are consistent with the well-known two-cell plasma convection pattern of the high-latitude ionosphere, which is approximately aligned with L shells at auroral regions and crossing different L shells for a significant part of the polar cap. In the Southern Hemisphere, the perturbation structures exhibit noticeable misalignment to the local L shells. Here the direction toward the Sun has an additional influence on the plasma structure, which we attribute to photoionization effects. The larger offset between geographic and geomagnetic poles in the south than in the north is responsible for the hemispheric difference. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023086 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 1338 EP - 1359 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chujfi-La-Roche, Salim A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - Matching cognitively sympathetic individual styles to develop collective intelligence in digital communities JF - AI & society : the journal of human-centred systems and machine intelligence N2 - Creation, collection and retention of knowledge in digital communities is an activity that currently requires being explicitly targeted as a secure method of keeping intellectual capital growing in the digital era. In particular, we consider it relevant to analyze and evaluate the empathetic cognitive personalities and behaviors that individuals now have with the change from face-to-face communication (F2F) to computer-mediated communication (CMC) online. This document proposes a cyber-humanistic approach to enhance the traditional SECI knowledge management model. A cognitive perception is added to its cyclical process following design thinking interaction, exemplary for improvement of the method in which knowledge is continuously created, converted and shared. In building a cognitive-centered model, we specifically focus on the effective identification and response to cognitive stimulation of individuals, as they are the intellectual generators and multiplicators of knowledge in the online environment. Our target is to identify how geographically distributed-digital-organizations should align the individual's cognitive abilities to promote iteration and improve interaction as a reliable stimulant of collective intelligence. The new model focuses on analyzing the four different stages of knowledge processing, where individuals with sympathetic cognitive personalities can significantly boost knowledge creation in a virtual social system. For organizations, this means that multidisciplinary individuals can maximize their extensive potential, by externalizing their knowledge in the correct stage of the knowledge creation process, and by collaborating with their appropriate sympathetically cognitive remote peers. KW - argumentation research KW - cyber humanistic KW - cognition KW - collaboration KW - knowledge building KW - knowledge management KW - teamwork KW - virtual groups Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-017-0780-x SN - 0951-5666 SN - 1435-5655 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 15 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rominger, Christian A1 - Fink, Andreas A1 - Weiss, Elisabeth M. A1 - Bosch, Jannis A1 - Papousek, Ilona T1 - Allusive thinking (remote associations) and auditory top-down inhibition skills differentially predict creativity and positive schizotypy JF - Cognitive neuropsychiatry N2 - Introduction: Positive schizotypy and creativity seem to be linked. However, the question still remains why they are related, and what may make the difference? As creative ideation is hypothesised as a dual process (association and inhibition), the propensity for remote associations might be a shared mechanism. However, positive schizotypy and creative thinking might be differentially linked to inhibition. Therefore, this study investigated a potentially overlapping feature of positive schizotypy and creativity (remote associations) as well as a potential dissociative factor (auditory inhibition). Methods: From a large screening sample, 46 participants covering a broad range of positive schizotypy were selected. Association proneness was assessed via two association tasks, auditory inhibition skill with the forced-left condition of the Dichotic Listening Test, and creative thinking by means of two creative ideation tests. Results: Positive schizotypy and creative thinking were positively associated. Both traits were linked to lower rates of common associations. However, creative thinking was associated with higher and positive schizotypy with lower inhibitory control in the auditory domain. Conclusions: While creativity and positive schizotypy shared some variance (related to remote associations), profound inhibition skills may be vital for creative performance and may coincide with lower levels of positive schizotypy. KW - Remote associations KW - allusive thinking KW - positive schizotypy KW - auditory top-down inhibition KW - creativity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2016.1278361 SN - 1354-6805 SN - 1464-0619 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 108 EP - 121 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usanova, Maria E. A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. T1 - Inner magnetosphere coupling BT - Recent advances JF - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics N2 - The dynamics of the inner magnetosphere is strongly governed by the interactions between different plasma populations that are coupled through large-scale electric and magnetic fields, currents, and wave-particle interactions. Inner magnetospheric plasma undergoes self-consistent interactions with global electric and magnetic fields. Waves excited in the inner magnetosphere from unstable particle distributions can provide energy exchange between different particle populations in the inner magnetosphere and affect the ring current and radiation belt dynamics. The ionosphere serves as an energy sink and feeds the magnetosphere back through the cold plasma outflow. The precipitating inner magnetospheric particles influence the ionosphere and upper atmospheric chemistry and affect climate. Satellite measurements and theoretical studies have advanced our understanding of the dynamics of various plasma populations in the inner magnetosphere. However, our knowledge of the coupling processes among the plasmasphere, ring current, radiation belts, global magnetic and electric fields, and plasma waves generated within these systems is still incomplete. This special issue incorporates extended papers presented at the Inner Magnetosphere Coupling III conference held 23–27 March 2015 in Los Angeles, California, USA, and includes modeling and observational contributions addressing interactions within different plasma populations in the inner magnetosphere (plasmasphere, ring current, and radiation belts), coupling between fields and plasma populations, as well as effects of the inner magnetosphere on the ionosphere and atmosphere. KW - inner magnetosphere KW - ring current KW - radiation belts KW - magnetosphere KW - ionosphere interactions KW - plasmasphere KW - solar wind Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023614 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 102 EP - 104 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reifegerste, Jana A1 - Meyer, Antje A1 - Zwitserlood, Pienie T1 - Inflectional complexity and experience affect plural processing in younger and older readers of Dutch and German JF - Language, cognition and neuroscience N2 - According to dual-route models of morphological processing, regular inflections can be retrieved as whole-word forms or decomposed into morphemes. Baayen, Dijkstra, and Schreuder [(1997). Singulars and plurals in Dutch: Evidence for a parallel dual-route model. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 94–117. doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2509] proposed a dual-route model in which singular-dominant plurals (“brides”) are decomposed, while plural-dominant plurals (“peas”) are accessed as whole-word units. We report two lexical-decision experiments investigating how plural processing is influenced by participants’ age and morphological complexity of the language (German/Dutch). For all Dutch participants and older German participants, we replicated the interaction between number and dominance reported by Baayen and colleagues. Younger German participants showed a main effect of number, indicating decomposition of all plurals. Access to stored forms seems to depend on morphological richness and experience with word forms. The data pattern fits neither full-decomposition nor full-storage models, but is compatible with dual-route models. KW - Morphological processing KW - morphological complexity KW - ageing KW - lexical decision KW - plural processing Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1247213 SN - 2327-3798 SN - 2327-3801 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 471 EP - 487 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubert, Marcel A1 - Frisch, Johannes A1 - Allard, Sybille A1 - Preis, Eduard A1 - Scherf, Ullrich A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Tuning side chain and main chain order in a prototypical donor-acceptor copolymer BT - implications for optical, electronic, and photovoltaic characteristics JF - Elementary Processes in Organic Photovoltaics N2 - The recent development of donor–acceptor copolymers has led to an enormous improvement in the performance of organic solar cells and organic field-effect transistors. Here we describe the synthesis, detailed characterisation, and application of a series of structurally modified copolymers to investigate fundamental structure–property relationships in this class of conjugated polymers. The interplay between chemical structure and optoelectronic properties is investigated. These are further correlated to the charge transport and solar cell performance, which allows us to link their chemical structure to the observed physical properties. KW - Aggregate states KW - All-polymer heterojunctions KW - Alternating copolymers KW - Ambipolar charge transport KW - Ambipolar materials KW - Backbone modifications KW - Bilayer solar cells KW - Charge separation KW - Conformational disorder KW - Crystalline phases KW - Donor-acceptor copolymers KW - Electron traps KW - Energetic disorder KW - Energy-level alignment KW - Fermi-level alignment KW - Fermi-level pinning KW - Interface dipole KW - Interlayer KW - Intrachain order KW - Intragap states KW - Microscopic morphology KW - Mobility imbalance KW - Mobility relaxation KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Multiple trapping model KW - Nonradiative recombination KW - OFET KW - Open-circuit voltage KW - Optoelectronic properties KW - Partially alternating copolymers KW - Photo-CELIV KW - Photocurrent KW - Photovoltaic gap KW - Polymer intermixing KW - Recombination losses KW - Spectral diffusion KW - Statistical copolymers KW - Stille-type cross-coupling KW - Structure-property relationships KW - Time-dependent mobility KW - Time-of-flight (TOF) KW - Transient photocurrent KW - Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Vacuum-level alignment KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-28338-8 SN - 978-3-319-28336-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28338-8_10 SN - 0065-3195 VL - 272 SP - 243 EP - 265 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shahid, Muhammad A1 - Manchi, G. A1 - Slunsky, Pavel A1 - Naseer, O. A1 - Fatima, A. A1 - Leo, B. A1 - Raila, Jens T1 - A systemic review of existing serological possibilities to diagnose canine osteoarthritis with a particular focus on extracellular matrix proteoglycans and protein JF - Polish journal of veterinary sciences : PJVS : the journal of Committee of Veterinary Sciences of Polish Academy of Sciences and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn N2 - Extra-cellular matrix (ECM) components are important and their stabilization is significant in maintaining normal healthy joint environment. In osteoarthritis (OA), ECM components are altered and indicate disease progression. The joint ECM is composed of proteoglycans (aggrecan, perlecan,inter α-trypsin inhibitor), glycoproteins (fibronectin, lubricin, COMP) and collagen types (most abundantly collagen type II) which represent structural and functional transformation during disease advancement. ECM investigation revealed significant biomarkers of OA that could be used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in different canine orthopedic diseases. This review deliberates our current findings of how the components of ECM change at the molecular level during disease progression in canine OA. KW - extra-cellular matrix KW - canine osteoarthritis KW - biomarker KW - synovial fluid KW - proteomix analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0024 SN - 1505-1773 SN - 2300-2557 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 189 EP - 201 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cuadro, Ariel A1 - von Hagen, Alexa A1 - Costa Ball, Daniel T1 - Procedural differences in the calculation of the prevalence of reading difficulties in Spanish-speaking school children T1 - Diferencias procedimentales en el cálculo de la prevalencia del retraso lector en escolares hispanoparlantes JF - Studies in psychology JF - Estudios de psicologia / Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje N2 - The prevalence of reading difficulties (RD) reflects controversial data ranging from 3.1–3.2% to 17.5%. Possible explanations are partly based on the incidence of orthography-specific factors influencing the reading process, but also on methodological differences that hinder comparison of the reported results. For this reason, the present study aims to analyse the prevalence of RD in a sample of 1,408 Spanish-speaking school children by comparing different ways of calculating the prevalence rate. The results reflect a prevalence of 2.2−5.3%, consistent with data reported for predominantly transparent orthographies. Some of the procedures used to identify RD are more accurate in early school years than at more advanced moments of schooling. Furthermore, the consideration of students’ sex when calculating the prevalence of RD seems to represent a more sensitive way of identifying students with RD. N2 - La prevalencia del retraso lector (RL) refleja datos controvertidos, que varían desde el 3.1–3.2% al 17.5%. Posibles explicaciones se basan en parte en la incidencia de factores específicos de cada ortografía en el proceso de lectura, pero por otra parte en diferencias metodológicas, que dificultan la comparación de los resultados informados. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio propone analizar la prevalencia del RL en una misma muestra de 1,408 escolares hispanoparlantes, comparando diversas formas de calcular el índice de prevalencia. Los resultados reflejan una prevalencia del 2.2–5.3%, consistente con los datos informados para ortografías predominantemente superficiales. Algunos de los procedimientos empleados para identificar el RL resultan más precisos en los cursos escolares iniciales, que en momentos más avanzados de la escolaridad. A su vez la consideración del sexo de los alumnos a la hora de calcular la prevalencia, parecería representar una medida más sensible para identificar a alumnos con RL. KW - reader difficulties KW - dyslexia KW - prevalence KW - sex differences KW - retraso lector KW - dislexia KW - prevalencia KW - diferencias de sexo Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2016.1268388 SN - 0210-9395 SN - 1579-3699 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 169 EP - 197 PB - Routledge, Taylor Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzlöhner, Pamela A1 - Hanack, Katja T1 - Generation of murine monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology JF - JoVE : Video journal N2 - Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules and are widely used in biomedicine and research. Nevertheless, the generation of these binding molecules is time-consuming and laborious due to the complicated handling and lack of alternatives. The aim of this protocol is to provide one standard method for the generation of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology. This technology combines two steps. Step 1 is an appropriate immunization of the animal and step 2 is the fusion of B lymphocytes with immortal myeloma cells in order to generate hybrids possessing both parental functions, such as the production of antibody molecules and immortality. The generated hybridoma cells were then recloned and diluted to obtain stable monoclonal cell cultures secreting the desired monoclonal antibody in the culture supernatant. The supernatants were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antigen specificity. After the selection of appropriate cell clones, the cells were transferred to mass cultivation in order to produce the desired antibody molecule in large amounts. The purification of the antibodies is routinely performed by affinity chromatography. After purification, the antibody molecule can be characterized and validated for the final test application. The whole process takes 8 to 12 months of development, and there is a high risk that the antibody will not work in the desired test system. KW - Immunology KW - Issue 119 KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - hybridoma technology KW - myeloma cells KW - B lymphocytes KW - antigen KW - immunconjugate Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3791/54832 SN - 1940-087X IS - 119 PB - JoVE CY - Cambridge ER -