TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bruckmaier, Georg
A1  - Krauss, Stefan
A1  - Binder, Karin
A1  - Hilbert, Sven Lars
A1  - Brunner, Martin
T1  - Tversky and Kahneman’s cognitive illusions
BT  - who can solve them, and why?
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - In the present paper we empirically investigate the psychometric properties of some of the most famous statistical and logical cognitive illusions from the "heuristics and biases" research program by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who nearly 50 years ago introduced fascinating brain teasers such as the famous Linda problem, the Wason card selection task, and so-called Bayesian reasoning problems (e.g., the mammography task). In the meantime, a great number of articles has been published that empirically examine single cognitive illusions, theoretically explaining people's faulty thinking, or proposing and experimentally implementing measures to foster insight and to make these problems accessible to the human mind. Yet these problems have thus far usually been empirically analyzed on an individual-item level only (e.g., by experimentally comparing participants' performance on various versions of one of these problems). In this paper, by contrast, we examine these illusions as a group and look at the ability to solve them as a psychological construct. Based on an sample of N = 2,643 Luxembourgian school students of age 16-18 we investigate the internal psychometric structure of these illusions (i.e., Are they substantially correlated? Do they form a reflexive or a formative construct?), their connection to related constructs (e.g., Are they distinguishable from intelligence or mathematical competence in a confirmatory factor analysis?), and the question of which of a person's abilities can predict the correct solution of these brain teasers (by means of a regression analysis).
KW  - statistical reasoning
KW  - logical thinking
KW  - cognitive illusion
KW  - Monty Hall
KW  - problem
KW  - Wason task
KW  - Linda problem
KW  - hospital problem
KW  - Bayesian reasoning
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roos, Saskia
A1  - Otoba, Nobuhiko
T1  - Scalar curvature and the multiconformal class of a direct product Riemannian manifold
JF  - Geometriae dedicata
N2  - For a closed, connected direct product Riemannian manifold (M, g) = (M-1, g(1)) x ... x (M-l, g(l)), we define its multiconformal class [[g]] as the totality {integral(2)(1)g(1) circle plus center dot center dot center dot integral(2)(l)g(l)} of all Riemannian metrics obtained from multiplying the metric gi of each factor Mi by a positive function fi on the total space M. A multiconformal class [[ g]] contains not only all warped product type deformations of g but also the whole conformal class [(g) over tilde] of every (g) over tilde is an element of[[ g]]. In this article, we prove that [[g]] contains a metric of positive scalar curvature if and only if the conformal class of some factor (Mi, gi) does, under the technical assumption dim M-i = 2. We also show that, even in the case where every factor (M-i, g(i)) has positive scalar curvature, [[g]] contains a metric of scalar curvature constantly equal to -1 and with arbitrarily large volume, provided l = 2 and dim M = 3.
KW  - Positive scalar curvature
KW  - Constant scalar curvature
KW  - The Yamabe
KW  - problem
KW  - Warped product
KW  - Umbilic product
KW  - Twisted product
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10711-021-00636-9
SN  - 0046-5755
SN  - 1572-9168
VL  - 214
IS  - 1
SP  - 801
EP  - 829
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  -