TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - von Hoermann, Christian
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Benbow, Mark Eric
A1  - Heurich, Marco
T1  - Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem
JF  - Ecosphere
N2  - Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far‐reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx ). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax ), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa ). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.
KW  - anthropogenic food subsidies
KW  - carrion ecology
KW  - diversity
KW  - nature conservation
KW  - necrobiome
KW  - vertebrate scavenger
KW  - wildlife management
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3063
SN  - 2150-8925
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
PB  - ESA
CY  - Ithaca, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wende, Wolfgang
A1  - Wojtkiewicz, Wera
A1  - Marschall, Ilke
A1  - Heiland, Stefan
A1  - Lipp, Torsten
A1  - Reinke, Markus
A1  - Schaal, Peter
A1  - Schmidt, Catrin
T1  - Putting the plan into practice implementation of proposals for measures of local landscape plans
JF  - Landscape research
N2  - The knowledge of the effectiveness of local landscape planning in Germany is in the main limited to particular cases and derives mostly from qualitative single case studies. This applies especially to the implementation of measures defined by landscape plans. To fill that gap, the paper focuses on the implementation of those measures. Furthermore, it discusses the factors and framework conditions which are crucial for this implementation. The potential factors and conditions of influence were derived from theory and compiled in 20 investigation hypotheses. In order to gain information on the execution of the measures, 28 randomly selected plans were first analysed, then interviews were carried out with administration representatives. It can be stated that landscape planning has positively influenced the development of nature and landscape in the investigated municipalities. A considerable number of measures had been implemented, although landscape planning as a supply-side instrument proposes generally a very large number of measures. Factors with a positive effect on the implementation of landscape planning measures are pointed out.
KW  - Landscape planning
KW  - nature conservation
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - quantitative research
KW  - Germany
KW  - municipality
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2011.592575
SN  - 0142-6397
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 483
EP  - 500
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  -