TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muro, Javier
A1  - Linstädter, Anja
A1  - Magdon, Paul
A1  - Woellauer, Stephan
A1  - Männer, Florian A.
A1  - Schwarz, Lisa-Maricia
A1  - Ghazaryan, Gohar
A1  - Schultz, Johannes
A1  - Malenovsky, Zbynek
A1  - Dubovyk, Olena
T1  - Predicting plant biomass and species richness in temperate grasslands across regions, time, and land management with remote sensing and deep learning
JF  - Remote sensing of environment : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Spatial predictions of biomass production and biodiversity at regional scale in grasslands are critical to evaluate the effects of management practices across environmental gradients. New generations of remote sensing sensors and machine learning approaches can predict these grassland characteristics with varying accuracy. However, such studies frequently fail to cover a sufficiently broad range of environmental conditions, and their prediction models are often case-specific. To address this gap, we have modelled above-ground biomass and species richness in 150 spatially independent grassland plots of three geographical regions in Germany. These regions follow a North-South climate gradient and differ in soil types, topography, elevation, climatic conditions, historical contexts, and management intensities. The predictors tested in this study are Sentinel-1 backscatter, Sentinel-2 time series of surface reflectance along with derived vegetation indices and Rao's Q, and a set of topoedaphic variables. We compared the performance of a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) with a random forest (RF) regression algorithm. The DNN achieved the best estimations of biomass (r2 = 0.45) when trained with Sentinel-2 surface reflectance only. Moreover, the DNN showed a higher generalizability than RF during spatial cross-validations (i.e., calibrating and validating in different regions, r2 = 0.38 vs. 0.26). Species richness pre-dictions by both algorithms improved when the full time series of Sentinel-2 surface reflectance values were used (highest r2 = 0.42 achieved by the DNN), but both performed poorly during spatial cross-validations. Overall, the DNN-based models were more robust than RF models, showed a lower bias and lower systematic error, and required fewer inputs. Explainability analysis indicated that red-edge and near infrared information from May and October was the most relevant to predict species richness. This study presents an important step forward in generating robust spatially explicit predictions of grassland attributes and biodiversity variables across large areas, environmental gradients, and phenological stages.
KW  - Sentinel-1
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - Modelling
KW  - Rao ?s Q;
KW  - Sentinel-2
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113262
SN  - 0034-4257
SN  - 1879-0704
VL  - 282
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Flemer, Burkhardt
A1  - Gulati, Sneha
A1  - Bergna, Alessandro
A1  - Rändler, Manuela
A1  - Cernava, Tomislav
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Berg, Gabriele
A1  - Grosch, Rita
T1  - Biotic and abiotic stress factors induce microbiome shifts and enrichment of distinct beneficial bacteria in tomato roots
JF  - Phytobiomes journal
N2  - Crops are often simultaneously threatened by abiotic and biotic stress factors but the stress response of the plant holobiont is not well understood, despite the high importance of this response to ensure future plant production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of individual and combined abiotic (ionic and osmotic) and biotic ( Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum) stress factors on plant performance and on the bacterial composition of the root endosphere in tomato. Structure and function of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and a complementary cultivation approach, including in vitro and in vivo assays. Under all stress conditions, tomato growth and photosynthetic activity was reduced. Combined abiotic stressors with F. oxysporum but not with V. dahliae infection led to an additive negative effect on plant performance. All stress conditions induced a microbiome shift, and changed the relative abundance of phyla such as Firmicutes and classes of Proteobacteria. Endophytes identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Microbacterium spp. showed tolerance to abiotic stress conditions and plant beneficial effects. Stressor-specific enrichments of beneficial bacteria in the root were discovered (e.g., Paenibacillus in roots infected with F. oxysporum and Microbacterium in roots infected with V. dahliae). Interestingly, endophytes that were able to promote plant growth were obtained only from roots exposed to individual biotic and combined abiotic and biotic stress conditions but not individual abiotic stressors. Our study revealed stressor-specific enrichment of beneficial bacteria in tomato roots, which has implications for novel plant protection strategies.
KW  - combined stress factors
KW  - Fusarium
KW  - microbiome
KW  - osmotic stress
KW  - salinity
KW  - soilborne pathogens
KW  - Verticillium
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-10-21-0067-R
SN  - 2471-2906
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 276
EP  - 289
PB  - American Phytopathological Society
CY  - St. Paul
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aimaganbetov, Kazybek
A1  - Almas, Nurlan
A1  - Kurbanova, Bayan
A1  - Muratov, Dauren
A1  - Serikkanov, Abay
A1  - Insepov, Zinetula
A1  - Tokmoldin, Nurlan
T1  - Electrical and structural characterization of few-layer graphene sheets on quartz
JF  - Materials
N2  - Despite the impressive performance and incredible promise for a variety of applications, the wide-scale commercialization of graphene is still behind its full potential. One of the main challenges is related to preserving graphene's unique properties upon transfer onto practically desirable substrates. In this work, few-layer graphene sheets deposited via liquid-phase transfer from copper onto a quartz substrate have been studied using a suite of experimental techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, admittance spectroscopy, and four-point probe electrical measurements. SEM measurements suggest that the transfer of graphene from copper foil to quartz using the aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was accompanied by unintentional etching of the entire surface of the quartz substrate and, as a result, the formation of microscopic facet structures covering the etched surface of the substrate. As revealed by Raman spectroscopy and the electrical measurements, the transfer process involving the etching of the copper foil in a 0.1 M solution of (NH4)(2)S2O8 resulted in its p-type doping. This was accompanied by the appearance of an electronic gap of 0.022 eV, as evidenced by the Arrhenius analysis. The observed increase in the conductance of the samples with temperature can be explained by thermally activated carrier transport, dominating the scattering processes.
KW  - few-layer graphene
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Hall effect
KW  - admittance
KW  - scanning electron microscopy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155330
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 15
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roeleke, Manuel
A1  - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1  - Gallagher, Cara
A1  - Pufelski, Jan
A1  - Blohm, Torsten
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Toledo, Sivan
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Voigt, Christian C.
T1  - Insectivorous bats form mobile sensory networks to optimize prey localization: The case of the common noctule bat
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
N2  - Animals that depend on ephemeral, patchily distributed prey often use public information to locate resource patches. The use of public information can lead to the aggregation of foragers at prey patches, a mechanism known as local enhancement. However, when ephemeral resources are distributed over large areas, foragers may also need to increase search efficiency, and thus apply social strategies when sampling the landscape. While sensory networks of visually oriented animals have already been confirmed, we lack an understanding of how acoustic eavesdropping adds to the formation of sensory networks. Here we radio-tracked a total of 81 aerial-hawking bats at very high spatiotemporal resolution during five sessions over 3 y, recording up to 19 individuals simultaneously. Analyses of interactive flight behavior provide conclusive evidence that bats form temporary mobile sensory networks by adjusting their movements to neighboring conspecifics while probing the airspace for prey. Complementary agent-based simulations confirmed that the observed movement patterns can lead to the formation of mobile sensory networks, and that bats located prey faster when networking than when relying only on local enhancement or searching solitarily. However, the benefit of networking diminished with decreasing group size. The combination of empirical analyses and simulations elucidates how animal groups use acoustic information to efficiently locate unpredictable and ephemeral food patches. Our results highlight that declining local populations of social foragers may thus suffer from Allee effects that increase the risk of collapses under global change scenarios, like insect decline and habitat degradation.
KW  - automated radio tracking
KW  - ephemerality
KW  - group foraging
KW  - simulation
KW  - sociality
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203663119
SN  - 0027-8424
SN  - 1091-6490
VL  - 119
IS  - 33
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hou, Hsuan-Wu
A1  - Bishop, Christopher A.
A1  - Huckauf, Jana
A1  - Broer, Inge
A1  - Klaus, Susanne
A1  - Nausch, Henrik
A1  - Buyel, Johannes F.
T1  - Seed- and leaf-based expression of FGF21-transferrin fusion proteins for oral delivery and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global disease with no effective medication. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can reverse this liver dysfunction, but requires targeted delivery to the liver, which can be achieved via oral administration. Therefore, we fused FGF21 to transferrin (Tf) via a furin cleavage site (F), to promote uptake from the intestine into the portal vein, yielding FGF21-F-Tf, and established its production in both seeds and leaves of commercial Nicotiana tabacum cultivars, compared their expression profile and tested the bioavailability and bioactivity in feeding studies. Since biopharmaceuticals need to be produced in a contained environment, e.g., greenhouses in case of plants, the seed production was increased in this setting from 239 to 380 g m(-2) a(-1) seed mass with costs of 1.64 euro g(-1) by side branch induction, whereas leaves yielded 8,193 g m(-2) a(-1) leave mass at 0.19 euro g(-1). FGF21-F-Tf expression in transgenic seeds and leaves yielded 6.7 and 5.6 mg kg(-1) intact fusion protein, but also 4.5 and 2.3 mg kg(-1) additional Tf degradation products. Removing the furin site and introducing the liver-targeting peptide PLUS doubled accumulation of intact FGF21-transferrin fusion protein when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana from 0.8 to 1.6 mg kg(-1), whereas truncation of transferrin (nTf338) and reversing the order of FGF21 and nTf338 increased the accumulation to 2.1 mg kg(-1) and decreased the degradation products to 7% for nTf338-FGF21-PLUS. Application of partially purified nTf338-FGF21-PLUS to FGF21(-/-) mice by oral gavage proved its transfer from the intestine into the blood circulation and acutely affected hepatic mRNA expression. Hence, the medication of NASH via oral delivery of nTf338-FGF21-PLUS containing plants seems possible.
KW  - bioencapsulation
KW  - furin cleavage site
KW  - liver-targeting PLUS peptide
KW  - transferrin-mediated oral delivery
KW  - transient and stable transformation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.998596
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Müller, Uwe
A1  - Heiland, Peter
A1  - Hutter, Gerard
A1  - Illing, Christian
A1  - Kutschera, Gesa
A1  - Scheibel, Marc
A1  - Siekmann, Thomas
A1  - Tragner, Franz
A1  - Assmann, Andre
A1  - Pyka, Christiane
T1  - Das neue DWA-Merkblatt Hochwasserrisikokommunikation
JF  - Wasserwirtschaft
T2  - The new DWA Leaflet on Flood Risk Communication
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35147-022-1727-9
SN  - 0043-0978
SN  - 2192-8762
VL  - 112
IS  - 10
SP  - 16
EP  - 21
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orf, Isabel
A1  - Tenenboim, Hezi
A1  - Omranian, Nooshin
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair R.
A1  - Lisec, Jan
A1  - Brotman, Yariv
A1  - Bromke, Mariusz A.
T1  - Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of a Pseudomonas-resistant versus a susceptible Arabidopsis accession
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Accessions of one plant species may show significantly different levels of susceptibility to stresses. The Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0 and C24 differ significantly in their resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To help unravel the underlying mechanisms contributing to this naturally occurring variance in resistance to Pst, we analyzed changes in transcripts and compounds from primary and secondary metabolism of Col-0 and C24 at different time points after infection with Pst. Our results show that the differences in the resistance of Col-0 and C24 mainly involve mechanisms of salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance, while responses of jasmonic-acid-dependent mechanisms are shared between the two accessions. In addition, arginine metabolism and differential activity of the biosynthesis pathways of aliphatic glucosinolates and indole glucosinolates may also contribute to the resistance. Thus, this study highlights the difference in the defense response strategies utilized by different genotypes.
KW  - Arabidopsis
KW  - Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
KW  - resistance
KW  - systems approach
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012087
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 20
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sun, Xiao-Hui
A1  - Gao, Xu-Yang
A1  - Reich, Wolfgang
A1  - Jiang, Peng
A1  - Li, Di
A1  - Yan, Huirong
A1  - Li, Xiang-Hua
T1  - New continuum and polarization observations of the Cygnus Loop with FAST. II. Images and analyses
JF  - Research in astronomy and astrophysics
N2  - We present total-intensity and polarized-intensity images of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant (SNR) observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. The high angular-resolution and high-sensitivity images enable us to thoroughly compare the properties of the northern part with the southern part of the SNR. The central filament in the northern part and the southern part have a similar foreground rotation measure, meaning their distances are likely similar. The polarization analysis indicates that the random magnetic field is larger than the regular field in the northern part, but negligible in the southern part. The total-intensity image is decomposed into components of various angular scales, and the brightness-temperature spectral index of the shell structures in the northern part is similar to that in the southern part in the component images. All the evidence suggests that the northern and southern parts of the Cygnus Loop are situated and thus evolved in different environments of interstellar medium, while belonging to the same SNR.
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - polarization
KW  - techniques: polarimetric
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac9d27
SN  - 1674-4527
SN  - 2397-6209
VL  - 22
IS  - 12
PB  - National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; IOP Publishing
CY  - Beijing
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Kocarev, Ljupco
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
T1  - Stochastic dynamics with multiplicative dichotomic noise: Heterogeneous telegrapher's equation, anomalous crossovers and resetting
JF  - Chaos, solitons & fractals
N2  - We analyze diffusion processes with finite propagation speed in a non-homogeneous medium in terms of the heterogeneous telegrapher's equation. In the diffusion limit of infinite-velocity propagation we recover the results for the heterogeneous diffusion process. The heterogeneous telegrapher's process exhibits a rich variety of diffusion regimes including hyperdiffusion, ballistic motion, superdiffusion, normal diffusion and subdiffusion, and different crossover dynamics characteristic for complex systems in which anomalous diffusion is observed. The anomalous diffusion exponent in the short time limit is twice the exponent in the long time limit, in accordance to the crossover dynamics from ballistic diffusion to normal diffusion in the standard telegrapher's process. We also analyze the finite-velocity heterogeneous diffusion process in presence of stochastic Poissonian resetting. We show that the system reaches a non-equilibrium stationary state. The transition to this non-equilibrium steady state is analyzed in terms of the large deviation function.
KW  - Heterogeneous telegrapher's process
KW  - Dichotomic noise
KW  - Anomalous
KW  - diffusion
KW  - Stochastic resetting
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112878
SN  - 0960-0779
SN  - 1873-2887
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Khisoni, David Kunyu
T1  - Education access risks among refugee youth vs. acculturation risks and adjustment among youth of immigrant descent
BT  - comparative perspectives
Y1  - 2024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Anika M.
A1  - Dell'Oro, Melanie
A1  - Spoo, Michaela
A1  - Fischer, Jan Moritz
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Jeitler, Michael
A1  - Häupl, Thomas
A1  - Kandil, Farid
A1  - Michalsen, Andreas
A1  - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A.
A1  - Kessler, Christian S.
T1  - To eat or not to eat-an exploratory randomized controlled trial on fasting and plant-based diet in rheumatoid arthritis (NutriFast-Study)
JF  - Frontiers in nutrition
N2  - Background: Fasting is beneficial in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with lasting effects for up to 1 year. However, existing data dates back several decades before the introduction of modern therapeutic modalities. Objective: This exploratory RCT compares the effects of a 7-day fast followed by a plant-based diet (PBD) to the effects of the dietary recommendations of the German society for nutrition (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, DGE) on RA disease activity, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and well-being. Methods: In this RCT we randomly assigned 53 RA patients to either a 7-day fast followed by an 11-week PBD or a 12-week standard DGE diet. The primary endpoint was the group change from baseline to 12 weeks on the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Further outcomes included other disease activity scores, body composition, and quality of life. Results: Of 53 RA patients enrolled, 50 participants (25 per group) completed the trial and were included into the per-protocol analysis. The primary endpoint was not statistically significant. However, HAQ-DI improved rapidly in the fasting group by day 7 and remained stable over 12 weeks (Δ-0.29, p = 0.001), while the DGE group improved later at 6 and 12 weeks (Δ-0.23, p = 0.032). DAS28 ameliorated in both groups by week 12 (Δ-0.97, p < 0.001 and Δ-1.14, p < 0.001; respectively), with 9 patients in the fasting but only 3 in the DGE group achieving ACR50 or higher. CV risk factors including weight improved stronger in the fasting group than in the DGE group (Δ-3.9 kg, p < 0.001 and Δ-0.7 kg, p = 0.146). Conclusions: Compared with a guideline-based anti-inflammatory diet, fasting followed by a plant-based diet showed no benefit in terms of function and disability after 12 weeks. Both dietary approaches had a positive effect on RA disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with RA. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03856190, identifier: NCT03856190.
KW  - rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - fasting
KW  - caloric restriction
KW  - plant-based diet
KW  - inflammation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1030380
SN  - 2296-861X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dietze, Michael
A1  - Hoffmann, Thomas
A1  - Bell, Rainer
A1  - Schrott, Lothar
A1  - Hovius, Niels
T1  - A seismic approach to flood detection and characterization in upland catchments
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - About 10% of Europe's surface area is prone to rapid flooding of rivers confined in valleys. The devastating potential of such floods is exacerbated by the deficits of existing gauging networks, including low station densities and recording frequencies, and lack of information beyond stage height. Here, we use seismic data of the July 2021 Ahrtal flood, Germany, to extract information to complement sparse hydrometric data, and to reconstruct the rapid evolution of this fatal event. We show that a seismic station can deliver essential flood metrics such as magnitude, propagation velocity and debris transport rate. These seismic products provide high resolution insight to the non-linear flood behavior. We argue that an approach combining distributed low-cost seismometers with existing seismic stations, can provide important real time data on future catastrophic floods and associated hazards in upland catchments, offering precious response time also in currently ungauged landscapes.
KW  - hazard
KW  - realtime warning
KW  - flash flood
KW  - seismic
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100170
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 49
IS  - 20
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jeitler, Michael
A1  - Storz, Maximilian Andreas
A1  - Steckhan, Nico
A1  - Matthiae, Dorothea
A1  - Dressler, Justina
A1  - Hanslian, Etienne
A1  - Koppold, Daniela A.
A1  - Kandil, Farid I.
A1  - Michalsen, Andreas
A1  - Kessler, Christian S.
T1  - Knowledge, attitudes and application of critical nutrient supplementation in vegan diets among healthcare professionals - survey results from a medical congress on plant-based nutrition
JF  - Foods : open access journal
N2  - Plant-based diets are associated with numerous health benefits but also bear risks of micronutrient deficiencies if inadequately planned. 
The risk of nutrient deficiencies can be reliably reduced by supplementation but requires risk-awareness. 
We distributed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire to n = 902 healthcare professionals attending a congress on plant-based nutrition (VegMed 2018, Berlin). 
On the day of the survey (21 April 2018), n = 475 questionnaires were returned and analyzed descriptively. Of the n = 213 strict vegan participants, 2% (n = 5) took no supplements at all. All supplementing vegans reported taking vitamin B12. Almost three-quarters of vegans (73%, n = 152) took vitamin D, and 22% (n = 45) reported taking omega-3 fatty acids. Iron was supplemented by 13% (n = 28), iodine by 12% (n = 25), calcium by 11% (n = 22), zinc by 7% (n = 14), magnesium by 5% (n = 11), and selenium by 4% (n = 9). For 11%, a supplement other than vitamin B12 was subjectively most important. Nearly 50% had their vitamin B12 levels laboratory tested at least once a year; nearly one-quarter reported testing every two years, and another one-quarter rarely or never. Participants following a vegan diet were better informed about institutional recommendations of the German Nutrition Society and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics for vegan diets than participants following vegetarian or omnivorous diets. Vegan nutrition in pregnancy/lactation period and childhood was considered most appropriate by vegans. Despite a high awareness of potential health risks associated with vitamin B12 deficiency on a strict vegan diet and a comprehensive understanding of the official dietary recommendations of nutrition societies, use of supplements and performance of regular laboratory tests were only moderate among vegan healthcare professionals. 
Considering the paramount importance of adequate supplementation of critical nutrients to avoid nutrient deficiencies, scientific and public discourse should be further facilitated. Further investigation of the supplementation behavior of vegan health professionals could be of particular interest, as a possible correlation with the quality of their own nutrition counseling is not inconceivable.
KW  - plant-based diet
KW  - vegan diet
KW  - vegetarian diet
KW  - vitamin B12
KW  - critical  micronutrients
KW  - nutritional deficiencies
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244033
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 11
IS  - 24
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Jun
A1  - Chen, Xiaowen
A1  - Hou, Xin
A1  - Wang, Jingan
A1  - Yue, Wucheng
A1  - Huang, Shu
A1  - Xu, Gangchun
A1  - Yan, Jizhou
A1  - Lu, Guoqing
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Li, Chenhong
A1  - Wang, Chenghui
T1  - "Omics" data unveil early molecular response underlying limb regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - Limb regeneration is a fascinating and medically interesting trait that has been well preserved in arthropod lineages, particularly in crustaceans. 
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying arthropod limb regeneration remain largely elusive. The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis shows strong regenerative capacity, a trait that has likely allowed it to become a worldwide invasive species. 
Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of E. sinensis as well as large-scale transcriptome data during the limb regeneration process. 
Our results reveal that arthropod -specific genes involved in signal transduction, immune response, histone methylation, and cuticle development all play fundamental roles during the regeneration process. Particularly, Innexin2-mediated signal transduction likely facilitates the early stage of the regeneration process, while an effective crustacean-specific prophenoloxidase system (ProPo-AS) plays crucial roles in the initial immune response. 
Collectively, our findings uncover novel genetic pathways pertaining to arthropod limb regeneration and provide valuable resources for studies on regeneration from a comparative perspective.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl4642
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 8
IS  - 37
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington, DC [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Max
A1  - McDowell, Michelle
A1  - Guttorp, Peter
A1  - Steel, E. Ashley
A1  - Fleischhut, Nadine
T1  - Effective uncertainty visualization for aftershock forecast maps
JF  - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS
N2  - Earthquake models can produce aftershock forecasts, which have recently been released to lay audiences. While visualization literature suggests that displaying forecast uncertainty can improve how forecast maps are used, research on uncertainty visualization is missing from earthquake science. 
We designed a pre-registered online experiment to test the effectiveness of three visualization techniques for displaying aftershock forecast maps and their uncertainty. These maps showed the forecasted number of aftershocks at each location for a week following a hypothetical mainshock, along with the uncertainty around each location's forecast. 
Three different uncertainty visualizations were produced: 
(1) forecast and uncertainty maps adjacent to one another; 
(2) the forecast map depicted in a color scheme, with the uncertainty shown by the transparency of the color; and 
(3) two maps that showed the lower and upper bounds of the forecast distribution at each location. 
We compared the three uncertainty visualizations using tasks that were specifically designed to address broadly applicable and user-generated communication goals.
We compared task responses between participants using uncertainty visualizations and using the forecast map shown without its uncertainty (the current practice). 
Participants completed two map-reading tasks that targeted several dimensions of the readability of uncertainty visualizations. Participants then performed a Comparative Judgment task, which demonstrated whether a visualization was successful in reaching two key communication goals: indicating where many aftershocks and no aftershocks are likely (sure bets) and where the forecast is low but the uncertainty is high enough to imply potential risk (surprises). 
All visualizations performed equally well in the goal of communicating sure bet situations. But the visualization with lower and upper bounds was substantially better than the other designs at communicating surprises. 
These results have implications for the visual communication of forecast uncertainty both within and beyond earthquake science.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1499-2022
SN  - 1561-8633
SN  - 1684-9981
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
SP  - 1499
EP  - 1518
PB  - European Geophysical Society
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gámez-Guadix, Manuel
A1  - Mateos-Pérez, Estibaliz
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wright, Michelle
A1  - Martinez, Jone
A1  - Íncera, Daniel
T1  - Assessing image-based sexual abuse: measurement, prevalence, and temporal stability of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting ("revenge porn") among adolescents
JF  - Journal of adolescence
N2  - Introduction 
The aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image-based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1-year period. 
Methods 
The sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self-report instruments on image-based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization). 
Results 
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image-based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was .26 for sextortion victimization, .19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization, .33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps < .001), and nonsignificant for sextortion perpetration. The stability of nonconsensual sexting victimization was significantly higher for girls compared to boys, whereas nonconsensual sexting perpetration was more stable over 1 year for boys. 
Conclusions 
Future studies must advance the analysis of the predictors and consequences of image-based sexual abuse among adolescents to better prevent this problem. Prevalence of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting is not negligible, and these problems should be particularly addressed in prevention programs.
KW  - image-based sexual abuse
KW  - online sexual victimization
KW  - revenge porn
KW  - sexual abuse
KW  - sexual coercion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12064
SN  - 0140-1971
SN  - 1095-9254
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
SP  - 789
EP  - 799
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - De Schrijver, Lotte
A1  - Fomenko, Elizaveta
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Dewaele, Alexis
A1  - Harb, Jonathan
A1  - Janssen, Erick
A1  - Motmans, Joz
A1  - Roelens, Kristien
A1  - Vander Beken, Tom
A1  - Keygnaert, Ines
T1  - An assessment of the proportion of LGB+ persons in the Belgian population, their identification as sexual minority, mental health and experienced minority stress
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background 
Previous studies report vast mental health problems in sexual minority people. Representative national proportion estimates on self-identifying LGB+ persons are missing in Belgium. Lacking data collection regarding sexual orientation in either census or governmental survey data limits our understanding of the true population sizes of different sexual orientation groups and their respective health outcomes. 
This study assessed the proportion of LGB+ and heterosexual persons in Belgium, LGB+ persons' self-identification as sexual minority, mental health, and experienced minority stress. 
Method 
A representative sample of 4632 individuals drawn from the Belgian National Register completed measures of sexual orientation, subjective minority status, and its importance for their identity as well as a range of mental-health measures. 
Results 
LGB+ participants made up 10.02% of the total sample and 52.59% of LGB+ participants self-identified as sexual minority. Most sexual minority participants considered sexual minority characteristics important for their identity. LGB+ persons reported significantly worse mental health than heterosexual persons. Sexual minority participants did not report high levels of minority stress, but those who considered minority characteristics key for their identity reported higher levels of minority stress. LGB+ participants who did not identify as minority reported fewer persons they trust. 
Conclusions 
The proportion of persons who identified as LGB+ was twice as large as the proportion of persons who identified as a minority based on their sexual orientation. LGB+ persons show poorer mental health compared to heterosexual persons. This difference was unrelated to minority stress, sociodemographic differences, minority identification, or the importance attached to minority characteristics.
KW  - LGBT
KW  - sexual orientation
KW  - mental health
KW  - minority health
KW  - public health
KW  - We have no conflict of interest to disclose
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14198-2
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hollmann, Susanne
A1  - Regierer, Babette
A1  - Bechis, Jaele
A1  - Tobin, Lesley
A1  - D'Elia, Domenica
T1  - Ten simple rules on how to develop a stakeholder engagement plan
T2  - PLoS Computational Biology
N2  - To make research responsible and research outcomes meaningful, it is necessary to communicate our research and to involve as many relevant stakeholders as possible, especially in application-oriented-including information and communications technology (ICT)-research. Nowadays, stakeholder engagement is of fundamental importance to project success and achieving the expected impact and is often mandatory in a third-party funding context. Ultimately, research and development can only be successful if people react positively to the results and benefits generated by a project. For the wider acceptance of research outcomes, it is therefore essential that the public is made aware of and has an opportunity to discuss the results of research undertaken through two-way communication (interpersonal communication) with researchers. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), an approach that anticipates and assesses potential implications and societal expectations regarding research and innovation, aims to foster inclusive and sustainable research and innovation. Research and innovation processes need to become more responsive and adaptive to these grand challenges. This implies, among other things, the introduction of broader foresight and impact assessments for new technologies beyond their anticipated market benefits and risks. Therefore, this article provides a structured workflow that explains "how to develop a stakeholder engagement plan" step by step.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010520
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
PB  - Public Library of Science (PLoS)
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gao, Qiancheng
A1  - Ma, Xiaowan
A1  - Wang, Zhichao
A1  - Chen, Haisheng
A1  - Luo, Yu
A1  - Wu, Bi
A1  - Qi, Shanni
A1  - Lin, Miaozhen
A1  - Tian, Jing
A1  - Qiao, Ying
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Xu, Wei
A1  - Huang, Lixing
T1  - Seasonal variation, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio in a semi-enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China)
JF  - Marine pollution bulletin : the international journal for marine environmental scientists, engineers, administrators, politicians and lawyers
N2  - In this study, the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance of culturable Vibrio and the environmental factors affecting Vibrio abundance were analyzed in four seasons in DongShan Bay with different intensity of aquaculture practice. A total of 253 bacteria isolates were obtained, of which 177 Vibrio strains belonged to 26 species. Annual Vibrio abundance in this region ranged from 20 to 11,600 CFU mL(-1) and the most significant positive correlation occurred with temperature. Detection of 9 different Vibrio virulence genes revealed that most isolates contained atypical virulence genes in addition to the typical ones. In particular, virulence genes of hemolysin such as tdh, trh, and hlyA (6.32 %, 15.52 %, and 11.30 %) showed different degrees of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In our antibiotic resistance test, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 in different seasons, and three MAR Vibrio strains were detected. Overall, our study sheds new light on the spatial distribution patterns and the occurrence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance Vibrio iso-lated from a subtropical bay with intensive aquaculture. Our study provides a suitable microbial quality sur-veillance in a mariculture impacted coastal environment. It will help to establish effective disease prevention measures in this area and provide useful guidance and support for formulating local antibiotics use policies.
KW  - Vibrio community dynamics
KW  - Virulence genes
KW  - Multiple antibiotic
KW  - resistance
KW  - Aquaculture
KW  - Food-borne diseases
KW  - Marine ecological
KW  - environment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114112
SN  - 0025-326X
SN  - 1879-3363
VL  - 184
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Zhang, Guoqing
A1  - Veh, Georg
A1  - Liu, Qiao
A1  - Allen, Simon
A1  - Wang, Xin
T1  - Editorial: Lake changes, drivers and consequences in High Mountain Asia
T2  - Frontiers in Earth Science
KW  - lake
KW  - High Mountain Asia
KW  - climate change
KW  - hazard
KW  - GEE
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.927762
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuras, Agnieszka
A1  - Heincke, Bjoern H.
A1  - Salehi, Sara
A1  - Mielke, Christian
A1  - Köllner, Nicole
A1  - Rogass, Christian
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Burud, Ingunn
T1  - Integration of hyperspectral and magnetic data for geological characterization of the Niaqornarssuit Ultramafic Complex in West-Greenland
JF  - Remote sensing
N2  - The integration of imaging spectroscopy and aeromagnetics provides a cost-effective and promising way to extend the initial analysis of a mineral deposit. While imaging spectroscopy retrieves surface spectral information, magnetic responses are used to determine magnetization at both shallower and greater depths using 2D and 3D modeling. Integration of imaging spectroscopy and magnetics improves upon knowledge concerning lithology with magnetic properties, enhances understanding of the geological origin of magnetic anomalies, and is a promising approach for analyzing a prospective area for minerals having a high iron-bearing content. To combine iron diagnostic information from airborne hyperspectral and magnetic data, we (a) used an iron absorption feature ratio to model pseudo-magnetic responses and compare them with the measured magnetic data and (b) estimated the apparent susceptibility along the surface by some equivalent source modeling, and compared them with iron ratios along the surface. For this analysis, a Modified Iron Feature Depth index was developed and compared to the surface geochemistry of the rock samples in order to validate the spectral information of iron. The comparison revealed a linear increase in iron absorption feature depths with iron content. The analysis was performed by empirically modeling the statistical relationship between the diagnostic absorption features of hyperspectral (HS) image spectra of selected rock samples and their corresponding geochemistry. Our results clearly show a link between the spectral absorption features and the magnetic response from iron-bearing ultra/-mafic rocks. The iron absorption feature ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ integrated with aeromagnetic data (residual magnetic anomaly) allowed us to distinguish main rock types based on physical properties. This separation matches the lithology of the Niaqornarssuit complex, our study area in West Greenland.
KW  - geological remote sensing
KW  - magnetics
KW  - hyperspectral;
KW  - hyperspectral-magnetic integration
KW  - ultramafic complex
KW  - Greenland
KW  - iron;
KW  - susceptibility
KW  - imaging spectroscopy
KW  - data fusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194877
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 19
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Yaqi
A1  - Wang, Hongkai
A1  - Xu, Sunde
A1  - Liu, Kai
A1  - Qi, Hao
A1  - Wang, Mengcen
A1  - Chen, Xiaoyulong
A1  - Berg, Gabriele
A1  - Ma, Zhonghua
A1  - Cernava, Tomislav
A1  - Chen, Yun
T1  - Bacterial-fungal interactions under agricultural settings: from physical to chemical interactions
JF  - Stress biology
N2  - Bacteria and fungi are dominant members of environmental microbiomes. Various bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) and their mutual regulation are important factors for ecosystem functioning and health. 
Such interactions can be highly dynamic, and often require spatiotemporally resolved assessments to understand the interplay which ranges from antagonism to mutualism. Many of these interactions are still poorly understood, especially in terms of the underlying chemical and molecular interplay, which is crucial for inter-kingdom communication and interference. BFIs are highly relevant under agricultural settings; they can be determinative for crop health. 
Advancing our knowledge related to mechanisms underpinning the interactions between bacteria and fungi will provide an extended basis for biological control of pests and pathogens in agriculture. 
Moreover, it will facilitate a better understanding of complex microbial community networks that commonly occur in nature. This will allow us to determine factors that are crucial for community assembly under different environmental conditions and pave the way for constructing synthetic communities for various biotechnological applications. Here, we summarize the current advances in the field of BFIs with an emphasis on agriculture.
KW  - bacterial-fungal interactions
KW  - biological control
KW  - synthetic communities
KW  - secondary metabolites
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-022-00046-1
SN  - 2731-0450
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature, Northwest A&F University
CY  - Singapore, Yangling
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cattiaux, Patrick
A1  - Fischer, Jens Walter
A1  - Roelly, Sylvie
A1  - Sindayigaya, Samuel
T1  - Random population dynamics under catastrophic events
JF  - Journal of applied probability
N2  - In this paper we introduce new birth-and-death processes with partial catastrophe and study some of their properties. 
In particular, we obtain some estimates for the mean catastrophe time, and the first and second moments of the distribution of the process at a fixed time t. 
This is completed by some asymptotic results.
KW  - birth-and-death process
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - extinction time
KW  - birth
KW  - death
KW  - and catastrophe process
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2022.5
SN  - 0021-9002
SN  - 1475-6072
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 962
EP  - 982
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotera, Yasuhiro
A1  - Kotera, Hiromasa
A1  - Taylor, Elaina
A1  - Wilkes, Juliet
A1  - Colman, Rory
A1  - Riswani, Riswani
T1  - Mental health of Indonesian university students: U.K. comparison and relationship between mental health shame and self-compassion
JF  - Stigma and health
N2  - While the Indonesian higher education has been growing rapidly, poor student mental health including a high level of mental health shame is a cause for concern in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate their mental health, shame, and self-compassion. 
One hundred fifty six participants completed self-report measures regarding mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), mental health shame (negative attitudes, and external, internal, and reflected shame), and self-compassion. 
Data were first compared with 145 U.K. students, then correlation and regression analyses were performed. 
Indonesian students showed higher levels of mental health problems, family-related mental health shame, and self-compassion than U.K. students. Each type of mental health problem and mental health shame were positively associated with each other. Self-compassion was negatively associated with mental health problems, but not with mental health shame. Self-compassion was consistently the strongest predictor of mental health problems. 
Among the mental health shame types, only family external shame predicted the level of depression. 
Self-compassion training and mental health education for their family are recommended to protect the mental health of university students in Indonesia.
KW  - mental health
KW  - Indonesian students
KW  - mental health shame
KW  - self-compassion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000420
SN  - 2376-6972
SN  - 2376-6964
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Kirchner, Jan-Robert
A1  - Prinz, Andreas
A1  - Richter, Martin
A1  - Strätling, Ansgar
T1  - Bilanzierungshilfe nach NKF-CUIG im kommunalen Haushaltsrecht in NRW
BT  - Praxishilfe zur rechtssicheren Anwendung und Prüfung
T2  - ifV - Positionspapier
N2  - Durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und den Ukraine- Krieg sind den Kommunen erhebliche finanzielle Mehrbelastungen in Form von zusätzlichen Aufwendungen und Mindererträgen entstanden. Das Land NRW hatte daher mit dem „Gesetz zur Isolierung der aus der Covid-19-Pandemie folgenden Belastungen der kommunalen Haushalte im Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (NKF-COVID-19- Isolierungsgesetz – NKF-CIG)“ vom 29. September 2020 beschlossen, befristet die Aufstellung der Haushalte zu erleichtern und finanzielle Mehrbelastungen bilanziell zu „isolieren“. Mit dem ersten Änderungsgesetz vom 1. Dezember 2021 wurden die Regelungen überarbeitet und der Geltungszeitraum verlängert. Mit dem zweiten Änderungsgesetz vom 9. Dezember 2022 erfolgte eine sachliche und zeitliche Erweiterung. Gleichzeitig wurde das Gesetz umbenannt, um die sachliche Erweiterung um die finanziellen Mehrbelastungen aus dem Ukraine-Krieg zu verdeutlichen (NKF-CUIG). Unser Positionspapier setzt sich in einem ersten Schritt kritisch mit der bilanziellen „Isolierung“ dieser finanziellen Mehrbelastungen mittels Bilanzierungshilfe auseinander und identifiziert sowohl die Herausforderungen bei der genauen Bestimmung dieser finanziellen Mehrbelastungen als auch die Anwendungsprobleme bei der Bildung, dem Ausweis und der Bewertung dieser Bilanzierungshilfe im kommunalen Jahresabschluss. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Auswirkungen der Bilanzierung einer solchen Bilanzierungshilfe auf die Prüfung des Jahresabschlusses eingehend untersucht und kritisch diskutiert. In einem dritten Schritt wird eine rechtspolitische Bewertung des NKF-CUIG vorgenommen. Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass eine „Hilfe“, wie sie der Begriff der Bilanzierungshilfe im pragmatischen Sprachgebrauch suggeriert, in keiner Weise festzustellen ist. Auch in Zukunft ist mit Situationen zu rechnen, die der Covid-Pandemie und dem Ukraine-Krieg vergleichbar sind. Auch dann könnten finanzielle Mehrbelastungen die rechtliche Handlungsfähigkeit der Kommunen gefährden. Um diese zu erhalten, sollten vom Landesgesetzgeber jedoch andere Maßnahmen als die Aktivierung einer Bilanzierungshilfe in Betracht gezogen werden. Die alternativen Maßnahmen sollten einerseits den Besonderheiten der historischen Situation und dem Ziel des Erhalts der rechtlichen Handlungsfähigkeit der Kommunen gerecht werden. Sie sollten gleichzeitig aber auch Systembrüche in der Doppik und im Haushaltsrecht sowie unnötige Bürokratielasten vermeiden.
KW  - kommunales Haushaltsrecht
KW  - NRW
KW  - NKF-CUIG
KW  - Bilanzierungshilfe
KW  - Jahresabschluss
KW  - Prüfung
KW  - Blianzierung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636159
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Wenlei
A1  - Xu, Yaolin
A1  - Schultz, Thorsten
A1  - Lu, Yan
A1  - Koch, Norbert
A1  - Pinna, Nicola
T1  - Heterostructured and mesoporous Nb2O5@TiO2 core-shell spheres as the negative electrode in Li-ion batteries
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
N2  - Niobium pentoxides have received considerable attention and are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their fast Li storage kinetics and high capacity. However, their cycling stability and rate performance are still limited owing to their intrinsic insulating properties and structural degradation during charging and discharging. Herein, a series of mesoporous Nb2O5@TiO2 core-shell spherical heterostructures have been prepared for the first time by a sol-gel method and investigated as anode materials in LIBs. Mesoporosity can provide numerous open and short pathways for Li+ diffusion; meanwhile, heterostructures can simultaneously enhance the electronic conductivity and thus improve the rate capability. The TiO2 coating layer shows robust crystalline skeletons during repeated lithium insertion and extraction processes, retaining high structural integrity and, thereby, enhancing cycling stability. The electrochemical behavior is strongly dependent on the thickness of the TiO2 layer. After optimization, a mesoporous Nb2O5@TiO2 core-shell structure with a similar to 13 nm thick TiO2 layer delivers a high specific capacity of 136 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1 and exceptional cycling stability (88.3% retention over 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g-1). This work provides a facile strategy to obtain mesoporous Nb2O5@TiO2 core-shell spherical structures and underlines the importance of structural engineering for improving the performance of battery materials.
KW  - mesoporous
KW  - heterostructures
KW  - core-shell spheres
KW  - lithium-ion batteries
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15124
SN  - 1944-8244
SN  - 1944-8252
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 795
EP  - 805
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Das, Samata
A1  - Brose, Robert
A1  - Meyer, Dominique M.-A.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Plotko, Pavlo
T1  - Spectral softening in core-collapse supernova remnant expanding inside wind-blown bubble☆
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are widely assumed to arise from diffusive shock acceleration, specifically at shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs). These shocks expand in a complex environment, particularly in the core-collapse scenario as these SNRs evolve inside the wind-blown bubbles created by their progenitor stars. The CRs at core-collapse SNRs may carry spectral signatures of that complexity. Aims. We study particle acceleration in the core-collapse SNR of a progenitor with an initial mass of 60 M-circle dot and realistic stellar evolution. The SNR shock interacts with discontinuities inside the wind-blown bubble and generates several transmitted and reflected shocks. We analyse their impact on particle spectra and the resulting emission from the remnant. Methods. To model the particle acceleration at the forward shock of a SNR expanding inside a wind bubble, we initially simulated the evolution of the pre-supernova circumstellar medium (CSM) by solving the hydrodynamic equations for the entire lifetime of the progenitor star. As the large-scale magnetic field, we considered parameterised circumstellar magnetic field with passive field transport. We then solved the hydrodynamic equations for the evolution of a SNR inside the pre-supernova CSM simultaneously with the transport equation for CRs in test-particle approximation and with the induction equation for the magnetohydrodynamics in 1D spherical symmetry. Results. The evolution of a core-collapse SNR inside a complex wind-blown bubble modifies the spectra of both the particles and their emission on account of several factors including density fluctuations, temperature variations, and the magnetic field configuration. We find softer particle spectra with spectral indices close to 2.5 during shock propagation inside the shocked wind, and this softness persists at later evolutionary stages. Further, our calculated total production spectrum released into the interstellar medium demonstrates spectral consistency at high energy (HE) with the injection spectrum of Galactic CRs, which is required in propagation models. The magnetic field structure effectively influences the emission morphology of SNRs as it governs the transportation of particles and the synchrotron emissivity. There is rarely a full correspondence of the intensity morphology in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands.
KW  - ISM
KW  - supernova remnants
KW  - bubbles
KW  - cosmic rays
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142747
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 661
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Anthymidis, Marios
A1  - Papazachos, Costas
A1  - Ohrnberger, Matthias
A1  - Savvaidis, Alexandros
A1  - Theodoulidis, Nikos
A1  - Oikonomou, Dimitris
T1  - Evaluation of the 3D near-surface velocity structure in an urban environment from ambient noise array tomography: the case of the city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece)
JF  - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA
N2  - We examine the implementation of ambient noise array tomography in an urban environment to assess the 3D near-surface shear wave velocity (VS) structure at an intermediate spatial scale (-1 km2, depth range 200-300 m). The application employs cross correlation traces of vertical component ambient noise recordings from a local network installed in Thessaloniki city (Northern Greece), allowing the determination of Rayleigh wave travel times for the frequency range of 1.5-14 Hz. The results confirm the presence of a complex subsurface with strong lateral variations in the geology, with travel times varying up to almost one order of magnitude. A surface wave travel time tomography approach was applied for each frequency to determine the spatial variability of the group velocity, involving the use of approximate Fresnel volumes, as well as damping and spatial smoothing constraints to stabilize the results. We also employed an interfrequency smoothing scheme to obtain smooth but data-compatible dispersion curves at the cost of inverting all travel time data simultaneously. Following the application of several quality cutoff criteria, we reconstructed local group slowness dispersion curves for a predefined tomographic grid in the study area. The final 3D velocity model was determined by a modified Monte Carlo inversion of these dispersion curves and the spatial integration of the obtained 1D VS profiles. Different model parameterizations were tested for the inversion to determine the optimal datafit. The final 3D velocity model is in a very good agreement with the local geology, previous larger scale studies, and other geophysical surveys, providing additional structural constraints (such as hidden fault identification) for the complex sedimentary deposits and bedrock formation in Thessaloniki, up to the depth of - 250-300 m. The introduction of the aforementioned modifications to the ambient noise array tomography suggests that it can be efficiently adjusted and employed as a reliable tool for imaging the 3D seismic structure in urban environments with complex geology.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220004
SN  - 0037-1106
SN  - 1943-3573
VL  - 112
IS  - 5
SP  - 2587
EP  - 2605
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - El Cerito, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prada, Marcela
A1  - Wittenbecher, Clemens
A1  - Eichelmann, Fabian
A1  - Wernitz, Andreas
A1  - Kuxhaus, Olga
A1  - Kroeger, Janine
A1  - Weikert, Cornelia
A1  - Schulze, Matthias B.
T1  - Plasma industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam cohort
JF  - Diabetes care
N2  - OBJECTIVEAlthough dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTo investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined associations of TFAs with incident T2D. RESULTSThe TFA subtypes were intercorrelated with each other, with other fatty acids, and with different food sources. After controlling for other TFAs, the iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not associated with diabetes risk. Some rTFA subtypes were inversely associated with diabetes risk: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7t; hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.89) and t10c12-CLA (HR per SD 0.81; 95% CI 0.70-0.94), whereas c9t11-CLA was positively associated (HR per SD 1.39; 95% CI 1.19-1.62). Trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) was not associated with diabetes risk when adjusting for the other TFAs (HR per SD 1.08; 95% CI 0.88-1.31). CONCLUSIONSThe TFAs' conformation plays an essential role in their relationship to diabetes risk. rTFA subtypes may have opposing relationships to diabetes risk. Previous observations for reduced diabetes risk with higher levels of circulating trans-palmitoleic acid are likely due to confounding.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1897
SN  - 0149-5992
SN  - 1935-5548
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
SP  - 845
EP  - 853
PB  - American Diabetes Association
CY  - Alexandria, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maier, Benjamin F.
A1  - Wiedermann, Marc
A1  - Burdinski, Angelique
A1  - Klamser, Pascal P.
A1  - Jenny, Mirjam A.
A1  - Betsch, Cornelia
A1  - Brockmann, Dirk
T1  - Germany's fourth COVID-19 wave was mainly driven by the unvaccinated
JF  - Communications medicine
N2  - Background While the majority of the German population was fully vaccinated at the time (about 65%), COVID-19 incidence started growing exponentially in October 2021 with about 41% of recorded new cases aged twelve or above being symptomatic breakthrough infections, presumably also contributing to the dynamics. So far, it remained elusive how significant this contribution was and whether targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may have stopped the amplification of the crisis. <br /> Methods We develop and introduce a contribution matrix approach based on the nextgeneration matrix of a population-structured compartmental infectious disease model to derive contributions of respective inter- and intragroup infection pathways of unvaccinated and vaccinated subpopulations to the effective reproduction number and new infections, considering empirical data of vaccine efficacies against infection and transmission. <br /> Results Here we show that about 61%-76% of all new infections were caused by unvaccinated individuals and only 24%-39% were caused by the vaccinated. Furthermore, 32%-51% of new infections were likely caused by unvaccinated infecting other unvaccinated. Decreasing the transmissibility of the unvaccinated by, e. g. targeted NPIs, causes a steeper decrease in the effective reproduction number R than decreasing the transmissibility of vaccinated individuals, potentially leading to temporary epidemic control. Reducing contacts between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals serves to decrease R in a similar manner as increasing vaccine uptake. <br /> Conclusions A minority of the German population-the unvaccinated-is assumed to have caused the majority of new infections in the fall of 2021 in Germany. Our results highlight the importance of combined measures, such as vaccination campaigns and targeted contact reductions to achieve temporary epidemic control.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-022-00176-7
SN  - 2730-664X
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thormann, Kai M.
A1  - Beta, Carsten
A1  - Kuhn, Marco J.
T1  - Wrapped up
BT  - the motility of polarly flagellated bacteria
JF  - Annual review of microbiology
N2  - A huge number of bacterial species are motile by flagella, which allow them to actively move toward favorable environments and away from hazardous areas and to conquer new habitats. The general perception of flagellum-mediated movement and chemotaxis is dominated by the Escherichia coli paradigm, with its peritrichous flagellation and its famous run-and-tumble navigation pattern, which has shaped the view on how bacteria swim and navigate in chemical gradients. However, a significant amount-more likely the majority-of bacterial species exhibit a (bi)polar flagellar localization pattern instead of lateral flagella. Accordingly, these species have evolved very different mechanisms for navigation and chemotaxis. Here, we review the earlier and recent findings on the various modes of motility mediated by polar flagella.
KW  - flagella
KW  - chemotaxis
KW  - bacterial swimming
KW  - flagellar wrapping
KW  - navigation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041122-101032
SN  - 0066-4227
SN  - 1545-3251
VL  - 76
SP  - 349
EP  - 367
PB  - Annual Reviews Inc.
CY  - Palo Alto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Welby, Pauline
A1  - Spinelli, Elsa
A1  - Bürki, Audrey
T1  - Spelling provides a precise (but sometimes misplaced) phonological target
BT  - orthography and acoustic variability in second language word learning
JF  - Journal of phonetics
N2  - L1 French participants learned novel L2 English words over two days of learning sessions, with half of the words presented with their orthographic forms (Audio-Ortho) and half without (Audio only). One group heard the words pronounced by a single talker, while another group heard them pronounced by multiple talkers. On the third day, they completed a variety of tasks to evaluate their learning. Our results show a robust influence of orthogra-phy, with faster response times in both production (Picture naming) and recognition (Picture mapping) tasks for words learned in the Audio-Ortho condition. Moreover, formant analyses of the Picture naming responses show that orthographic input pulls pronunciations of English novel words towards a non-native (French) phonological target. Words learned with their orthographic forms were pronounced more precisely (with smaller Dispersion Scores), but were misplaced in the vowel space (as reflected by smaller Euclidian distances with respect to French vowels). Finally, we found only limited evidence of an effect of talker-based acoustic variability: novel words learned with multiple talkers showed faster responses times in the Picture naming task, but only in the Audio-only condition, which suggests that orthographic information may have overwhelmed any advantage of talker-based acoustic variability.CO 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
KW  - orthography
KW  - talker variability
KW  - second language learning
KW  - word
KW  - learning
KW  - phonological representations
KW  - speech production
KW  - speech
KW  - perception
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2022.101172
SN  - 0095-4470
SN  - 1095-8576
VL  - 94
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Johannes L.
A1  - Feldmann, Lucia K.
A1  - Kuehn, Andrea A.
A1  - Rosenblum, Michael
T1  - Real-time phase and amplitude estimation of neurophysiological signals exploiting a non-resonant oscillator
JF  - Experimental neurology
N2  - A recent advancement in the field of neuromodulation is to adapt stimulation parameters according to prespecified biomarkers tracked in real-time. These markers comprise short and transient signal features, such as bursts of elevated band power. To capture these features, instantaneous measures of phase and/or amplitude are employed, which inform stimulation adjustment with high temporal specificity. For adaptive neuromodulation it is therefore necessary to precisely estimate a signal's phase and amplitude with minimum delay and in a causal way, i.e. without depending on future parts of the signal. Here we demonstrate a method that utilizes oscillation theory to estimate phase and amplitude in real-time and compare it to a recently proposed causal modification of the Hilbert transform. By simulating real-time processing of human LFP data, we show that our approach almost perfectly tracks offline phase and amplitude with minimum delay and is computationally highly efficient.
KW  - closed-loop deep brain stimulation
KW  - phase
KW  - amplitude
KW  - real-time
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113869
SN  - 0014-4886
SN  - 1090-2430
VL  - 347
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arkes, Hal R.
A1  - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1  - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1  - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF  - Obstetrical & gynecological survey
N2  - A basic law of probability is that the probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of both components and cannot exceed the likelihood of either component. When this basic law is violated, it is known as the conjunction fallacy. In clinical practice, the conjunction fallacy may arise when physicians estimate the probability of the overall outcome that requires >= 2 steps to be successful. For example, if a successful procedure requires the success of step A and step B, then the probability of overall success of the procedure cannot exceed the likelihood of success of either step A or step B. The aim of this study was to determine whether physicians could correctly estimate the overall probability of success from 2 independent events. <br /> This was a 3-part, Internet-based survey study designed to evaluate the presence of the conjunction fallacy in 2 separate obstetric contexts and 1 pulmonary context. Respondents were board-certified or board-eligible physicians in obstetrics and gynecology and pulmonary, recruited from a commercial survey service. In each context, physicians were presented with scenarios related to their medical specialty and asked to judge the probability of the overall outcome, or conjunction, and of the 2 individual events, or conjuncts. <br /> The first substudy, conducted April 2-4, 2021, described a delivery in brow presentation discovered during labor. To assess the overall probability of a successful spontaneous vaginal delivery, an obstetrician must consider the likelihood of the brow presentation converting to a deliverable position and the likelihood of vaginal delivery from the converted position. The second substudy, conducted November 2-11, 2021, described the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary nodule discovered incidentally. To assess the overall probability that a biopsy reveals cancer, the physician must consider the likelihood that the nodule is cancerous and the likelihood that the biopsy successfully and accurately detects cancer. The third study, conducted May 13-19, 2021, modified the first substudy and asked responding obstetricians to consider the likelihood of the individual conjuncts before estimating the overall probability of successful vaginal delivery. <br /> The survey included responses from 215 physicians: 66% were male and 34% were female with a mean (SD) age of 53.6 (9.5) years and mean time since obtaining a medical degree of 27.5 (10.6) years. Overall, 78.1% of physicians committed the conjunction fallacy, estimating that the overall probability of success was greater than the likelihood of at least 1 of the 2 conjuncts. In the first substudy, 74.6% of 67 obstetricians committed the conjunction fallacy; respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6%-16.1%), compared with the product of the 2 estimated conjuncts with statistically significant deviation (t66 = 7.94; P < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.68-1.26]). In the second substudy, 86.9% of 84 pulmonologists committed the conjunction fallacy; respondents overestimated the combined probability by 19.8% (95% CI, 16.6%-23.0%), with statistically significant deviation of (t83 = 7.94; P < 0.001; Cohen d = 1.34 [95% CI, 1.04-1.64]). In the third substudy, 70.3% of 64 committed the conjunction fallacy; respondents overestimated the combined probability by 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%) with statistically significant deviation (t63 = 7.89; P < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.68-1.28]). <br /> In this study, it was common for seasoned obstetricians and pulmonologists to commit the conjunction fallacy. Given that physicians often need to estimate the successful outcome of a multistep procedure, they may be doing so in a flawed manner that may negatively impact decision-making.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000905284.72687.a0
SN  - 0029-7828
SN  - 1533-9866
VL  - 77
IS  - 12
SP  - 719
EP  - 721
PB  - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - El Hage, Racha
A1  - Knippschild, Uwe
A1  - Arnold, Tobias
A1  - Hinterseher, Irene
T1  - Stem cell-based therapy : a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcer
JF  - Biomedicines : open access journal
N2  - Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes and a challenging medical condition. Conventional treatments for DFU have not been effective enough to reduce the amputation rates, which urges the need for additional treatment. Stem cell-based therapy for DFU has been investigated over the past years. Its therapeutic effect is through promoting angiogenesis, secreting paracrine factors, stimulating vascular differentiation, suppressing inflammation, improving collagen deposition, and immunomodulation. It is controversial which type and origin of stem cells, and which administration route would be the most optimal for therapy. We reviewed the different types and origins of stem cells and routes of administration used for the treatment of DFU in clinical and preclinical studies. Diabetes leads to the impairment of the stem cells in the diseased patients, which makes it less ideal to use autologous stem cells, and requires looking for a matching donor. Moreover, angioplasty could be complementary to stem cell therapy, and scaffolds have a positive impact on the healing process of DFU by stem cell-based therapy. In short, stem cell-based therapy is promising in the field of regenerative medicine, but more studies are still needed to determine the ideal type of stem cells required in therapy, their safety, proper dosing, and optimal administration route.
KW  - diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)
KW  - stem cell therapy
KW  - peripheral artery disease
KW  - (PAD)
KW  - secretome
KW  - nanomaterials
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071507
SN  - 2227-9059
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
T1  - E‑Learning-Strategie 2023 – 2028
BT  - Digitalisierung in Lehre und Studium an der Universität Potsdam
N2  - Die Universität Potsdam positioniert sich als Hochschule im digitalen Zeitalter mit dem Ziel, den umfassenden Einsatz von digitalen Medien in Lehre und Studium als gelebte Lehr-, Lern- und Prüfungskultur für alle Studierenden, Lehrenden und Mitarbeitenden zu verwirklichen.
Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen und Vorarbeiten der letzten Jahre, wie der Bestandsaufnahme E-Learning sowie von früheren Strategien und Leitbildern, mit denen digitale Medien zunehmend in Lehre und Studium integriert wurden, verfügt die Universität Potsdam über eine starke Ausgangsposition im Bereich der digitalen Lehre. Daher zielt die aktuelle E-Learning-Strategie (2023–2028) auf die Weiterentwicklung und Verstetigung dieser Ansätze. Sie identifiziert dabei sechs zentrale Handlungsfelder: "Austausch und Vernetzung", "Content", "Innovation und Verstetigung", "Medienkompetenz", "Qualitätsentwicklung" und "UP und die Welt".
Die Strategie wurde im Rahmen eines partizipativen Prozesses entwickelt, der von der E-Learning-Steuerungsgruppe koordiniert und von Vertreter*innen aus allen Bereichen und allen Statusgruppen der Universität unterstützt wurde. Sie wurde in der 319. Sitzung des Senats am 5. Juli 2023 beschlossen und mit redaktionellen Änderungen 2024 veröffentlicht.
KW  - Digitalisierung
KW  - E-Learning
KW  - Hochschule
KW  - IT
KW  - Lehre
KW  - Strategie
KW  - Universität Potsdam
KW  - Higher Education
KW  - Policy
KW  - Strategy
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-643265
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Decrista, Jasmin
A1  - Dumont, Hanna
T1  - Individuelle Förderung und Differenzierung im Unterricht
JF  - Handbuch Schulpsychologie : Psychologie für die Schule
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-17-039787-3
SN  - 978-3-17-039786-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17433/978-3-17-039787-3
SP  - 308
EP  - 316
PB  - Kohlhammer
CY  - Stuttgart
ET  - 3., überarbeitete Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, Ulrike
T1  - Schülerinnen und Schüler mit (sonderpädagogischen) Förderbedarfen in
der Schule
JF  - Handbuch Schulpsychologie : Psychologie für die Schule
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-17-039787-3
SN  - 978-3-17-039786-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17433/978-3-17-039787-3
SP  - 192
EP  - 202
PB  - Kohlhammer
CY  - Stuttgart
ET  - 3., überarbeitete Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Wachs, Sebastian
ED  - Hess, Markus
ED  - Scheithauer, Herbert
ED  - Schubarth, Wilfried
T1  - Mobbing an Schulen
BT  - Erkennen - Handeln - Vorbeugen
N2  - Das Buch beginnt mit einem ausführlichen Einblick in die Mobbing-Forschung, u. a. zu Merkmalen und Erscheinungsformen von Mobbing. Darüber hinaus werden Ursachen und Folgen von Mobbing, aber auch neue Formen wie das Cyber-Mobbing thematisiert. Im weiteren Verlauf stehen dann das Eingreifen bei und Vorbeugen von Mobbing im Mittelpunkt. Dabei werden etablierte Interventions- und Präventionsprogramme verständlich präsentiert, konkrete Empfehlungen gegeben, wie man in Mobbing-Situationen handeln kann, und Gelingensbedingungen beschrieben, wie es gar nicht erst zu Mobbing kommt. Gespickt mit vielen Fallbeispielen und einer ausführlichen Materialsammlung zum Download wird die Darstellung anschaulich und der praktische Transfer des präsentierten Wissens erleichtert.
KW  - Konfliktlösung
KW  - Mobbing
KW  - Intervention
KW  - Schule
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-3-17-030042-2
SN  - 978-3-17-030041-5
SN  - 978-3-17-030043-9
SN  - 978-3-17-023071-2
PB  - Kohlhammer
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nitzbon, Jan
A1  - Gadylyaev, Damir
A1  - Schlüter, Steffen
A1  - Köhne, John Maximilian
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Boike, Julia
T1  - Brief communication: unravelling the composition and microstructure of a permafrost core using x-ray computed tomography
JF  - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The microstructure of permafrost ground contains clues to its formation and hence its preconditioning to future change. 
We applied X-ray computed microtomography (CT) to obtain high-resolution data (Delta x = 50 mu m) of the composition of a 164 cm long permafrost core drilled in a Yedoma upland in north-eastern Siberia. 
The CT analysis allowed the microstructures to be directly mapped and volumetric contents of excess ice, gas inclusions, and two distinct sediment types to be quantified. Using laboratory measurements of coarsely resolved core samples, we statistically estimated the composition of the sediment types and used it to indirectly quantify volumetric contents of pore ice, organic matter, and mineral material along the core. 
We conclude that CT is a promising method for obtaining physical properties of permafrost cores which opens novel research potentials.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3507-2022
SN  - 1994-0416
SN  - 1994-0424
VL  - 16
IS  - 9
SP  - 3507
EP  - 3515
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Katlenburg-Lindau
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Ningzhen
A1  - van Turnhout, Jan
A1  - Daniels, Robert
A1  - Wu, Chao
A1  - Huo, Jindong
A1  - Gerhard, Reimund
A1  - Sotzing, Gregory
A1  - Cao, Yang
T1  - Ion-boosting the charge density and piezoelectric response of ferroelectrets to significantly high levels
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
N2  - In contrast to molecular-dipole polymers, such as PVDF, ferroelectrets are a new class of flexible spatially heterogeneous piezoelectric polymers with dosed or open voids that act as deformable macro-dipoles after charging. 
With a spectrum of manufacturing processes being developed to engineer the heterogeneous structures, ferroelectrets are made with attractive piezoelectric properties well-suited for applications, such as pressure sensors, acoustic transducers, etc. 
However, the sources of the macro-dipole charges have usually been the same, microscopic dielectric barrier discharges within the voids, induced when the ferroelectrets are poled under a large electric field typically via a so-called corona poling, resulting in the separation and trapping of opposite charges into the interior walls of the voids.
 
Such a process is inherently self-limiting, as the reverse internal field from the macro-dipoles eventually extinguishes the microdischarges, resulting in limited density of ions and not too high overall piezoelectric performance. Here, a new method to form ferroelectrets with gigantic electroactivity is proposed and demonstrated with the aid of an external ion booster. 
A laminate consisting of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and fluorinated-ethylene-propylene (FEP) was prefilled with bipolar ions produced externally by an ionizer and sequentially poled to force the separation of positive and negative ions into the open fibrous structure, rendering an impressive piezoelectric d(33)( )coefficient of 1600 pC/N-an improvement by a factor of 4 in comparison with the d(33) of a similar sandwich poled with nonenhanced corona poling. 
The (pre)filling dearly increases the ion density in the open voids significantly. The charges stored in the open-cell structure stays at a high level for at least 4 months. In addition, an all-organic nanogenerator was made from an ePTFE-based ferroelectret, with conducting poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) coated fabric electrodes. 

When poled with this ion-boosting process, it yielded an output power twice that of a similar sample poled in a conventional corona-only process. The doubling in output power is mainly brought about by the significantly higher charge density achieved with the aid of external booster. 
Furthermore, aside from the bipolar ions, extra monopolar ions can during the corona poling be blown into the open pores by using for instance a negative ionic hair dryer to produce a unipolar ePTFE-based ferroelectret with its d(33) coefficient enhanced by a factor of 3. Ion-boosting poling thus unleashes a new route to produce bipolar or unipolar open-cell ferroelectrets with highly enhanced piezoelectric response.
KW  - ePTFE ferroelectret
KW  - corona charging
KW  - ion boost
KW  - bipolar and unipolar charging
KW  - piezoelectric response
KW  - wearable energy harvester
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c12185
SN  - 1944-8244
SN  - 1944-8252
VL  - 14
IS  - 37
SP  - 42705
EP  - 42712
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steinhoff, Julia S.
A1  - Wagner, Carina
A1  - Taschler, Ulrike
A1  - Wulff, Sascha
A1  - Kiefer, Marie F.
A1  - Petricek, Konstantin M.
A1  - Wowro, Sylvia J.
A1  - Oster, Moritz
A1  - Flores, Roberto E.
A1  - Yang, Na
A1  - Li, Chen
A1  - Meng, Yueming
A1  - Sommerfeld, Manuela
A1  - Weger, Stefan
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Lass, Achim
A1  - Schupp, Michael
T1  - Acute retinol mobilization by retinol-binding protein 4 in mouse liver induces fibroblast growth factor 21 expression
JF  - Journal of lipid research
N2  - Hepatocytes secrete retinol-binding pro-tein 4 (RBP4) into circulation, thereby mobilizing vitamin A from the liver to provide retinol for extrahepatic tissues. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with elevated RBP4 levels in the blood. 
However, in a previous study, we observed that chronically increased RBP4 by forced Rbp4 expres-sion in the liver does not impair glucose homeostasis in mice. 
Here, we investigated the effects of an acute mobilization of hepatic vitamin A stores by hepatic overexpression of RBP4 in mice. 
We show that he-patic retinol mobilization decreases body fat content and enhances fat turnover. Mechanistically, we found that acute retinol mobilization increases hepatic expression and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is regulated by retinol mobilization and retinoic acid in primary hepato-cytes. 
Moreover, we provide evidence that the insulin-sensitizing effect of FGF21 is associated with organ-specific adaptations in retinoid homeostasis. 
Taken together, our findings identify a novel cross-talk between retinoid homeostasis and FGF21 in mice with acute RBP4-mediated retinol mobilization from the liver.
KW  - vitamin A
KW  - retinoids
KW  - glucose
KW  - hepatic retinol mobilization
KW  - retinyl ester storage
KW  - obesity
KW  - hepatocyte
KW  - retinoid homeostasis
KW  - insulin resistance
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100268
SN  - 0022-2275
SN  - 1539-7262
VL  - 63
IS  - 10
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Rajyaguru, Ashish
A1  - Berkowitz, Brian
T1  - Modelling anomalous diffusion in semi-infinite disordered systems and porous media
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - For an effectively one-dimensional, semi-infinite disordered system connected to a reservoir of tracer particles kept at constant concentration, we provide the dynamics of the concentration profile. 
Technically, we start with the Montroll-Weiss equation of a continuous time random walk with a scale-free waiting time density. 
From this we pass to a formulation in terms of the fractional diffusion equation for the concentration profile C(x, t) in a semi-infinite space for the boundary condition C(0, t) = C-0, using a subordination approach. 
From this we deduce the tracer flux and the so-called breakthrough curve (BTC) at a given distance from the tracer source. 
In particular, BTCs are routinely measured in geophysical contexts but are also of interest in single-particle tracking experiments. 
For the "residual' BTCs, given by 1- P(x, t), we demonstrate a long-time power-law behaviour that can be compared conveniently to experimental measurements. 
For completeness we also derive expressions for the moments in this constant-concentration boundary condition.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - breakthrough curves
KW  - constant boundary concentration
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aca70c
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 12
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Satanowski, Jerome Ari
T1  - Design and in vivo implementation of metabolic modules for synthetic carbon fixation
N2  - Climate change, driven by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), presents a significant societal challenge for the 21st century. Biotechnological approaches for microbial production of commodity chemicals and fuels offer possible solutions to re-fix CO2 from the atmosphere, thereby mitigating carbon emissions and contributing to a sustainable carbon-economy in the future. Biological CO2 fixation is also at the heart of agricultural productivity, where photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle present promising biotechnological targets for crop improvement.
Synthetic biology allows testing metabolic solutions not known to exist in nature, which may exceed their natural counterparts in terms of efficiency. In this thesis, I explore the design of such new-to-nature metabolic pathways for biological CO2 utilization and their implementation in living cells (in vivo).
In the first chapter, I describe the development of a metabolic pathway that enables intracellular conversion of CO2 to formate, giving access to highly efficient carbon fixation routes. In nature, CO2-reduction remains restricted to anaerobic organisms and low redox potentials. Here, we introduce the “CORE cycle”, a synthetic metabolic pathway that converts CO2 to formate under fully aerobic conditions and ambient CO2 levels, using only NADPH as a reductant. We leverage this synthetic, ATP-energized pathway to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers associated with CO2-reduction. Applying rational metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution, this work demonstrates that Escherichia coli can utilize ambient CO2 as the sole source of one-carbon units and serine, achieving a first step towards novel modes of synthetic autotrophy. We further apply computational modeling to showcase the potential of the CORE cycle as a photorespiratory bypass for enhancing photosynthesis.
In the second chapter, I describe the development of the “LCM module”, a novel metabolic route for CO2-incorporating conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate. This route relies on the newly uncovered, promiscuous activity of an adenosylcobalamin (B12)-dependent enzyme, which we significantly optimize through targeted hypermutation and in vivo selection strategies. The LCM module provides a shorter and more efficient pathway for acetyl-CoA assimilation compared to natural routes, offering novel opportunities for synthetic CO2 fixation.
Overall, through theoretical pathway analysis, enzyme bioprospecting, and modular metabolic engineering in E. coli, this thesis expands the solution space for biological CO2 fixation.
KW  - synthetic biology
KW  - metabolic engineering
KW  - carbon fixation
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - enzyme
KW  - CO2 assimilation
KW  - auxotrophy
Y1  - 2024
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wörner, Salome
A1  - Becker, Sebastian
A1  - Küchemann, Stefan
A1  - Scheiter, Katharina
A1  - Kuhn, Jochen
T1  - Development and validation of the ray optics in converging lenses concept inventory
JF  - Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPECZ)
N2  - Optics is a core field in the curricula of secondary physics education. In this study, we present the development and validation of a test instrument in the field of optics, the ray optics in converging lenses concept inventory (ROC-CI). It was developed for and validated with middle school students, but can also be adapted for the use in higher levels of physics education. 
The ROC-CI can be used as a formative or a summative assessment of students' conceptual understanding of image formation by converging lenses, assessing the following: (i) the overall understanding of fundamental concepts related to converging lenses, (ii) the understanding of specific concepts, and (iii) students' propensity for difficulties within this topic. 
The initial ROC-CI consists of 16 multiple-choice items; however, one item was removed based on various quality checks. 
We validated the ROC-CI thoroughly with distractor analyses, classical test theory, item response theory, structural analyses, and analyses of students' total scores at different measurement points as quantitative approaches, as well as student interviews and an expert survey as qualitative approaches. The quantitative analyses are mostly based on a dataset of N 1/4 318 middle school students who took the ROC-CI as a post-test. The student interviews were conducted with seven middle school students after they were taught the concepts of converging lenses. 
The expert survey included five experts who evaluated both individual items and the test as a whole. 
The analyses showed good to excellent results for the test instrument, corroborating the 15-item ROC-CI's validity and its compliance with the three foci outlined above.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.020131
SN  - 2469-9896
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Lagarde, Sophie
T1  - Seismic imprint of natural and anthropogenic processes on the Earth surface
T1  - Seismische Merkmale natürlicher und anthropogener Prozesse auf der Erdoberfläche
N2  - Terrestrial landscape dynamics are dominated by the production, mobilisation, transfer and deposition of sediment. Numerous chemical elements are carried by sediments, making them a key component for ecological processes, as soil constitution and thus plants and animal ecosystems depends on them, and by extension the human species. They are also essential for climate evolution and regulation as marine sedimentation acts as a carbon sink. However, the processes at the origin of their production, mobilisation, transfer can occur suddenly with high-energy content – such as volcanic eruption, mass wasting or flooding events and wildfires – shaking ecosystems and shaping landforms. Besides, in the last era, the human species has shown its ability to disturb landscape dynamics and change sediments cycles. Thus, there is a need for predictive understanding of the processes involved.  This relies on un-derstanding of the mechanisms of key processes and their controls, and knowledge of the state and evolution of the Earth’s surface. Classic approaches to these challenges include empirical observations and numerical modeling of geochemical fluxes and surface processes, as well as the study of terrestrial sedimentary archives to better understand the parameters at stake in landscape dynamics and climate changes and the different actions and retroactions between the production, mobilisation, transfer and deposition of sediments which ultimately shape landscapes. Environmental seismology complements these approaches.  

Environmental seismology is the science topic investigating the source functions and propagation properties of seismic vibrations triggered by processes happening at or near the Earth’s surface, below and above it - cryosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, human habitat, biosphere, etc., to obtain insight into all these physical processes. Indeed, from mass wasting event to rivers, from wild species to hu-man, all these processes are generating seismic waves. Environmental seismology is a rather recent field, with new branches rapidly expanding and at various stages of scientific progress. This thesis is motivated by the goal of learning more on two major natural process hazards (river bedload transport and mass wasting) as well as on human-generated acoustic hazard, while covering the axis of funda-mental research progression, from data exploration and method and theory development to proof of concept, with the twin aims of developing a better understanding of the operation of these specific processes, and of advancing the methods we have at our disposal to study them. 

First, I provide a benchmark for assessment of the reliability of existing seismic bedload model inver-sion to retrieve bedload flux from seismic data. Bedload flux measurements are essential to better understand river dynamics, and this can be achieved with environmental seismology. However, due to a lack of well-constrained validation data, the accuracy of the resulting inversions is unknown. I address this gap in Chapter 2.2, reporting a seismic field experiment, and comparing the results to high-quality independent bedload measurements to constrain a seismic bedload model. The study shows that the quality of bedload flux estimates from seismic data strongly depends on the quality of the input data for the model. Direct measurements of relevant parameters, chiefly seismic ground proper-ties needed for the Green's function and the grain size distribution of the moving bedload, considerably improve the model quality over generic approaches using empirical or theoretical functions. I also pro-vide a numerical tool to facilitate the use of water turbulence and bedload seismic inversion models: seismic models for bedload flux and water turbulence require painstaking work to constrain parame-ters describing the ground properties by active seismic study or analysis of passive seismic data, and the grain size distribution via independent measurements. Reasonable predictions can be achieved by using a Monte Carlo approach to optimize the free parameters with respect to the target parameters. The validation of the tool, in Chapter 2.3, with independent measurements of water depth and bedload flux at a study site on the Eshtemoa river in Israël makes it available for reliable use at other sites. The work reported in this chapter has been published in Lagarde et al. 2021 and Dietze et al. 2019b.

In a second study, reported in Chapter 3, I investigate the formation of a failure plane prior to a rock-slide. A better understanding of the dynamics of the preparation phase is essential to determine the timing, volume and mobilization mechanism of a rock slope failure, and this can be achieved with envi-ronmental seismology. I take advantage of a network of seismic stations close to an instable slope recording cracking signals prior to the slope failure, and use a machine learning technique based on hidden Markov models to isolate these signals from the seismic data, retrieving the cumulative number of cracking events in a period of 20 days prior to a large rockslide and 10 days after. The trajectory of the cumulative number of cracks shifts from a rather linear shape in the two weeks prior to the rock-slide to an S-shaped development in the last 27 h before failure. I interpret this change as a switch from initial distributed cracking to localised damage accumulation in the hours prior to the failure. I develop a simple physical model to explain the temporal evolution of crack activity during the S-shape phase, revealing the importance of an internal parameter, the total crack boundary length as the dominant control parameter of failure plane evolution. This study has been published as Lagarde et al. 2023.

Third, I develop a model converting acoustic signals to seismic signals. A part of the acoustic vibrations generated on the Earth’s surface is converted to seismic signals at the ground interface. Consequently, noise pollution may be translated to slope fatigue and rock micro (or macro) fracturing resulting in a degrading effect on landforms. Moreover, this pollution can have negative impacts, such as physical, physiological as well as psychological effects on animal species. At present, the impact of seismic pol-lution generated by acoustic sources is difficult to evaluate. In Chapter 4, I improve and implement a model converting the acoustic pressure generated by a source in the atmosphere to the corresponding seismic signal for a receiver within the ground. The ground is considered to be a porous elastic medium in which wave behaviour can be approximated by the Biot-Stoll model. The model is extended for use of a temporal pressure pulse as an input, and to produce output on a plan 2D map, where the wind effect on the acoustic to seismic coupling can be reproduced. I invest extensive effort in making the model user-friendly, as the project aims at reaching a large audience, comprising, for example, geo-morphologists, biologists and sociologists. Finally, the model is subjected to synthetic testing as well as a qualitative comparison of the predicted ground particle velocity and the seismic signal of a real heli-copter flight as a source of acoustic input.

These studies advance understanding of the operation of specific natural processes in channels and on hillslopes, and bring us closer to designing functioning early warning systems for mass-wasting and flood events. This thesis also raises questions that have not been considered before, such as the con-tribution of human acoustic pollution to the seismic hum and its impact on the natural environment, or the importance of cracks in the self-development of the failure plane prior to slope. Together, these studies question general assumptions usually made regarding the triggering of mass wasting or the hillslope-channel connectivity. Beyond this, the thesis covers the axis of fundamental research progres-sion, from data exploration and method and theory development to proof of concept, and shows how in the rapidly developing field of environmental seismology, an active awareness of progress can help strengthen and accelerate general advances.
N2  - Die Dynamik terrestrischer Landschaften wird von der Produktion, Mobilisierung, Übertragung und Ablagerung von Sedimenten dominiert. In Sedimenten sind zahlreiche chemische Elemente enthalten, die sie zu einer Schlüsselkomponente für ökologische Prozesse machen, da von ihnen die Bodenbe-schaffenheit und damit die Ökosysteme von Pflanzen und Tieren und damit auch das menschliche Wohlergehen abhängen. Sie sind auch für die Entwicklung und Regulierung des Klimas von wesentlicher Bedeutung, da Sedimentation im Meer als Kohlenstoffsenke fungieren kann. Allerdings können die Pro-zesse, die ihrer Produktion, Mobilisierung und Übertragung zugrunde liegen, bei hohem Energiegehalt plötzlich auftreten – wie Vulkanausbrüche, gravitative Massenbewegungen, Überschwemmungen und Waldbrände – und Ökosysteme erschüttern und Landschaften formen. Darüber hinaus hat die mensch-liche Spezies immer wieder gezeigt, dass sie die Landschaftsdynamik stören und Sedimentzyklen verän-dern kann. Daher besteht Bedarf, die beteiligten Prozesse auf eine Weise zu verstehen, die quantitative Vorhersagen erlaubt. Dies erfordert ein Verständnis der Physik wichtiger Prozesse, der Parameter, die sie bedingen, sowie Kenntnisse über den Zustand und die Entwicklung der Erdoberfläche. Zu den klassi-schen Ansätzen zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen gehören empirische Beobachtungen und numerische Modellierung geochemischer Stoffflüsse und Oberflächenprozesse sowie die Untersuchung terrestrischer Sedimentarchive, um die Parameter, die bei Landschaftsdynamik und Klimaveränderun-gen eine Rolle spielen, sowie die unterschiedlichen Aktionen und Rückwirkungen zwischen Produktion, Mobilisierung, Transfer und Ablagerung von Sedimenten, die letztendlich Landschaften formen. Die Umweltseismologie ergänzt diese Ansätze.

Umweltseismologie ist das wissenschaftliche Fachgebiet, das die Quellfunktionen und Ausbreitungsei-genschaften seismischer Schwingungen untersucht, die durch Prozesse an oder in der Nähe der Erd-oberfläche, darunter und darüber ausgelöst werden – zum Beispiel in der Kryosphäre, Hydrosphäre, Atmosphäre, dem menschlichen Lebensraum, der Biosphäre usw. –, um Einblicke in deren physikalische Prozesse zu gewinnen. All diese Prozesse erzeugen seismische Wellen, von Massenbewegungen bis hin zu Flüssen, von wild lebenden Tierarten bis hin zum Menschen. Die Umweltseismologie ist ein recht junges, schnell wachsendes Fachgebiet, mit Zweigen, die sich in unterschiedlichen Stadien des wissen-schaftlichen Fortschritts befinden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zwei große Naturgefahrenprozesse, Ge-schiebetransport in Flüssen und gravitative Massenbewegung, sowie über vom Menschen verursachte akustische Gefahren zu untersuchen. Gleichzeitig soll die Achse des grundlegenden Forschungsfort-schritts von der Datenexploration bis zur Methode und von der Theorieentwicklung bis zum Proof of Concept abgedeckt werden, mit dem doppelten Ziel ein besseres Verständnis für die Funktionsweise dieser spezifischen Prozesse zu entwickeln und die uns zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden zu ihrer Untersuchung weiterzuentwickeln.

Zunächst stelle ich einen Maßstab für die Bewertung der Zuverlässigkeit der bestehenden seismischen Geschiebemodellinversion vor, um den Geschiebetrieb aus seismischen Daten abzuleiten. Messungen des Geschiebetriebs sind für ein besseres Verständnis der Flussdynamik unerlässlich, und dies kann mit der Umweltseismologie erreicht werden. Aufgrund des Mangels an streng eingeschränkten Validie-rungsdaten ist die Genauigkeit der resultierenden Inversionen jedoch unbekannt. Auf diese Lücke gehe ich in Kapitel 2.2 ein, wo ich über ein seismisches Feldexperiment berichte und die Ergebnisse mit hochwertigen unabhängigen Geschiebemessungen vergleiche, um ein seismisches Geschiebemodell einzugrenzen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Qualität der Berechnungen der Geschiebetransportraten aus seismischen Daten stark von der Qualität der Eingabedaten für das Modell abhängt. Direkte Messungen relevanter Parameter, vor allem seismischer Bodeneigenschaften, die für die Green-Funktion benötigt werden, und der Korngrößenverteilung des bewegten Geschiebes, verbessern die Modellqualität erheb-lich gegenüber generischen Ansätzen, die empirische oder theoretische Funktionen verwenden. Ich stelle auch ein numerisches Werkzeug zur Verfügung, um die Verwendung von Modellen für Was-serturbulenzen und seismische Geschiebeinversion zu erleichtern: Seismische Modelle für Geschiebe-fluss und Wasserturbulenzen erfordern Sorgfalt, um Parameter, die die Bodeneigenschaften beschrei-ben, durch aktive seismische Untersuchungen oder passive seismische Analysen einzuschränken Daten und die Korngrößenverteilung über unabhängige Messungen. Vernünftige Vorhersagen können durch die Verwendung eines Monte-Carlo-Ansatzes zur Optimierung der freien Parameter im Hinblick auf die Zielparameter erzielt werden. Die Validierung des Werkzeugs in Kapitel 2.3 mit unabhängigen Messun-gen der Wassertiefe und des Geschiebeflusses an einem Untersuchungsstandort am Eshtemoa in Israel macht es für den zuverlässigen Einsatz an anderen Standorten verfügbar. Die in diesem Kapitel be-schriebene Arbeit wurde in Lagarde et al. 2021 und Dietze et al. 2019b veröffentlicht.

In einer zweiten Studie, über die in Kapitel 3 berichtet wird, untersuche ich die Bildung einer Bruchflä-che vor einem Steinschlag. Ein besseres Verständnis der Dynamik der Vorbereitungsphase ist für die Bestimmung des Zeitpunkts, des Volumens und des Mobilisierungsmechanismus eines Felshangbruchs von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dies kann mit der Umweltseismologie erreicht werden. Ich nutze ein Netzwerk von seismischen Stationen in der Nähe eines instabilen Hangs, um die Signale von Rissen im Gestein vor dem Hangversagen aufzeichnen. Mittels einer auf Hidden-Markov-Modellen basierenden Technik des maschinellen Lernens werden diese Signale aus den seismischen Daten isoliert und so die kumulative Anzahl der Rissereignisse in den 20 Tagen vor einem großen Felssturz und den 10 Tagen danach aufgezeichnet. Der Verlauf der kumulierten Anzahl von Rissen verschiebt sich von einer eher linearen Form in den zwei Wochen vor dem Felssturz zu einer S-förmigen Entwicklung in den letzten 27 Stunden vor dem Versagen. Ich interpretiere diese Veränderung als einen Wechsel von anfänglicher verteilter Rissbildung zu lokalisierter Schadensakkumulation in den Stunden vor dem Ausfall. Ich ent-wickle ein einfaches physikalisches Modell, um die zeitliche Entwicklung der Rissaktivität während der S-Form-Phase zu erklären und die Bedeutung eines internen Parameters, der gesamten Rissgrenzenlän-ge, als dominanten Kontrollparameter für die Entwicklung der Versagensebene aufzuzeigen. Diese Stu-die wurde als Lagarde et al. 2023 veröffentlicht.

Drittens entwickle ich ein Modell, das akustische Signale in seismische Signale umwandelt. Ein Teil der auf der Erdoberfläche erzeugten akustischen Schwingungen wird an der Erdoberfläche in seismische Signale umgewandelt. Infolgedessen kann die Lärmbelästigung zu Hangermüdung und Mikro- (oder Makro-)Brüchen des Gesteins führen, was zu Schäden an Landschaftsformen führen kann. Darüber hinaus kann diese Verschmutzung negative Auswirkungen haben, beispielsweise physische, physiologi-sche und psychologische Auswirkungen auf Tierarten. Derzeit ist es schwierig, die Auswirkungen seismi-scher Verschmutzung durch akustische Quellen abzuschätzen. In Kapitel 4 implementierte und verbes-sere ich ein Modell, das den von einer Quelle in der Atmosphäre erzeugten Schalldruck in das entspre-chende seismische Signal für einen Empfänger im Boden umwandelt. Der Boden gilt als poröses elasti-sches Medium, in dem das Wellenverhalten durch das Biot-Stoll-Modell angenähert werden kann. Das Modell wird erweitert, um einen zeitlichen Druckimpuls als Eingabe zu verwenden und eine Ausgabe auf einer planaren 2D-Karte zu erzeugen, auf der der Windeffekt auf die akustische und seismische Kopp-lung reproduziert werden kann. Ich investiere große Anstrengungen, um das Modell benutzerfreundlich zu gestalten, da das Projekt darauf abzielt, ein großes Publikum zu erreichen, das beispielsweise aus Geomorphologen, Biologen und Soziologen besteht. Abschließend wird das Modell einer synthetischen Prüfung sowie einem qualitativen Vergleich der vorhergesagten Bodenpartikelgeschwindigkeit und dem seismischen Signal eines realen Hubschrauberfluges als Quelle akustischer Eingaben unterzogen.

Diese Studien verbessern das Verständnis der Funktionsweise spezifischer natürlicher Prozesse in 
Gerinnen und an Berghängen und bringen uns der Entwicklung funktionierender Frühwarnsysteme für Massenbewegungen und Überschwemmungen näher. Diese Arbeit wirft auch Fragen auf, die bisher nicht berücksichtigt wurden, wie zum Beispiel den Beitrag menschlicher Schallverschmutzung zum seismischen Brummen und seine Auswirkungen auf die natürliche Umwelt oder die Bedeutung von Ris-sen bei der Selbstentwicklung einer Versagensebene. Zusammengenommen stellen diese Studien all-gemeine Annahmen in Frage, die üblicherweise hinsichtlich der Auslösung von Massenverschwenbewe-gungen oder der Verbindung zwischen Hang und Gerinne gemacht werden. Darüber hinaus deckt die Dissertation die Achse des Fortschritts der Grundlagenforschung ab, von der Datenexploration über die Methoden- und Theorieentwicklung bis hin zum Proof of Concept, und zeigt, wie im sich schnell entwi-ckelnden Bereich der Umweltseismologie ein aktives Bewusstsein für den Fortschritt dazu beitragen kann, diesen zu stärken und den Fortschritt zu beschleunigen.
KW  - environmental seismology
KW  - bedload flux
KW  - mass wasting preparation phase
KW  - acoustic to seismic field
KW  - akustische zu seismischen Wellen
KW  - Geschiebetrieb
KW  - Umweltseismologie
KW  - Vorboten für Massenbewegungen
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-649136
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Picozzi, Matteo
A1  - Bindi, Dino
A1  - Festa, Gaetano
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice Pierre
A1  - Scala, Antonio
A1  - D'Agostino, Nicola
T1  - Spatiotemporal evolution of microseismicity seismic source properties at the Irpinia Near-Fault Observatory, Southern Italy
JF  - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2  - We estimate the source parameters of small-magnitude earthquakes that occurred during 2008-2020 in the Irpinia faults area (southern Italy). 
We apply a spectral decomposition approach to isolate the source contribution from propagation and site effects for similar to 3000 earthquakes in the local magnitude range between M-L 0 and 4.2. 
We develop our analyses in three steps. First, we fit the Brune (1970) model to the nonparametric source spectra to estimate corner frequency and seismic moment, and we map the spatial distribution of stress drop across the Irpinia area. 
We found stress drops in the range 0.4-8.1 MPa, with earthquakes deeper than 7 km characterized by higher average stress drop (i.e., 3.2 MPa). 
Second, assuming a simple stress-release model (kanamori and Heaton, 2000), we derive fracture energy and critical slip-weakening distance. The spatial variability of stress drop and fracture energy allows us to image the present stress conditions of fault segments activated during the 23 November 1980 M-s 6.9 earthquake. 
The variability of the source parameters shows clear patterns of the fault mechanical properties, suggesting that the Irpinia fault system can be divided into three main sectors, with the northern and southern ones showing different properties from the central one. 
Our results agree with previous studies indicating the presence of fluids with different composition in the different sectors of the Irpinia fault system. In the third step, we compare the time evolution of source parameters with a time series of geodetic displacement recorded near the fault system. 
Temporal trends in the correlation between geodetic displacement and different source parameters indicate that the poroelastic deformation perturbation generated by the karst aquifer recharge is modulating not only the occurrence rate of micro-seismicity ( D' Agostino et al., 2018) but may lead to rupture asperities with different sizes and characteristics.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210064
SN  - 0037-1106
SN  - 1943-3573
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
SP  - 226
EP  - 242
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - El Cerito, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eickenscheidt, Alice
A1  - Lavaux, Valentine
A1  - Paschke, Stefan
A1  - Martinez Guajardo, Alejandro
A1  - Schönemann, Eric
A1  - Laschewsky, Andre
A1  - Lienkamp, Karen
A1  - Staszewski, Ori
T1  - Effect of poly(oxanorbonene)- and poly(methacrylate)-based polyzwitterionic surface coatings on cell adhesion and gene expression of human keratinocytes
JF  - Macromolecular bioscience
N2  - Polyzwitterions are generally known for their anti-adhesive properties, including resistance to protein and cell adhesion, and overall high bio-inertness. 
Yet there are a few polyzwitterions to which mammalian cells do adhere. 
To understand the structural features of this behavior, a panel of polyzwitterions with different functional groups and overall degrees of hydrophobicity is analyzed here, and their physical and biological properties are correlated to these structural differences. Cell adhesion is focused on, which is the basic requirement for cell viability, proliferation, and growth. 
With the here presented polyzwitterion panel, three different types of cell-surface interactions are observed: adhesion, slight attachment, and cell repellency. Using immunofluorescence methods, it is found that human keratinocytes (HaCaT) form focal adhesions on the cell-adhesive polyzwitterions, but not on the sample that has only slight cell attachment. 
Gene expression analysis indicates that HaCaT cells cultivated in the presence of a non-adhesive polyzwitterion have up-regulated inflammatory and apoptosis-related cell signaling pathways, while the gene expression of HaCaT cells grown on a cell-adhesive polyzwitterion does not differ from the gene expression of the growth control, and thus can be defined as fully cell-compatible.
KW  - cell compatibility
KW  - focal adhesion
KW  - gene expression
KW  - immune response
KW  - polyzwitterions
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200225
SN  - 1616-5187
SN  - 1616-5195
VL  - 22
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hackmann, Nina
A1  - Wolff, Christina
T1  - Einleitung: Diskursive Auseinandersetzung mit Zweigeschlechtlichkeit und die hochschulpolitische Ausgangslage
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-601311
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Ebers, Martin
A1  - Hoch, Veronica R. S.
A1  - Rosenkranz, Frank
A1  - Ruschemeier, Hannah
A1  - Steinrötter, Björn
T1  - The European Commission’s proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act
BT  - A critical assessment by members of the Robotics and AI Law Society (RAILS)
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation “laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence”, the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act” (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11).
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 8 
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - machine learning
KW  - European Union
KW  - regulation
KW  - harmonization
KW  - Artificial Intelligence Act
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-596824
IS  - 8
ER  -