TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Belanger, Nathalie N.
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Chinese deaf readers have early access to parafoveal semantics
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment.
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - sentence reading
KW  - Chinese
KW  - deaf readers
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000035
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Luo, Yingyi
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
T1  - Prosodic boundaries delay the processing of upcoming lexical information during silent sentence reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Prosodic boundaries can be used to guide syntactic parsing in both spoken and written sentence comprehension, but it is unknown whether the processing of prosodic boundaries affects the processing of upcoming lexical information. In 3 eye-tracking experiments, participants read silently sentences that allow for 2 possible syntactic interpretations when there is no comma or other cue specifying which interpretation should be taken. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants heard a low-pass filtered auditory version of the sentence, which provided a prosodic boundary cue prior to each sentence. In Experiment 1, we found that the boundary cue helped syntactic disambiguation after the cue and led to longer fixation durations on regions right before the cue than on identical regions without prosodic boundary information. In Experiments 2 and 3, we used a gaze-contingent display-change paradigm to manipulate the parafoveal visibility of the first constituent character of the target word after the disambiguating position. Results of Experiment 2 showed that previewing the first character significantly reduced the reading time of the target word, but this preview benefit was greatly reduced when the prosodic boundary cue was introduced at this position. In Experiment 3, instead of the acoustic cues, a visually presented comma was inserted at the disambiguating position in each sentence. Results showed that the comma effect on lexical processing was essentially the same as the effect of prosodic boundary cue. These findings demonstrate that processing a prosodic boundary could impair the processing of parafoveal information during sentence reading.
KW  - prosodic boundary
KW  - sentence reading
KW  - eye movements
KW  - parafoveal processing
KW  - wrap-up process
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029182
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SP  - 915
EP  - 930
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dambacher, Michael
A1  - Slattery, Timothy J.
A1  - Yang, Jinmian
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Rayner, Keith
T1  - Evidence for direct control of eye movements during reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - It is well established that fixation durations during reading vary with processing difficulty, but there are different views on how oculomotor control, visual perception, shifts of attention, and lexical (and higher cognitive) processing are coordinated. Evidence for a one-to-one translation of input delay into saccadic latency would provide a much needed constraint for current theoretical proposals. Here, we tested predictions of such a direct-control perspective using the stimulus-onset delay (SOD) paradigm. Words in sentences were initially masked and, on fixation, were individually unmasked with a delay (0-, 33-, 66-, 99-ms SODs). In Experiment 1, SODs were constant for all words in a sentence; in Experiment 2, SODs were manipulated on target words, while nontargets were unmasked without delay. In accordance with predictions of direct control, nonzero SODs entailed equivalent increases in fixation durations in both experiments. Yet, a population of short fixations pointed to rapid saccades as a consequence of low-level information at nonoptimal viewing positions rather than of lexical processing. Implications of these results for theoretical accounts of oculomotor control are discussed.
KW  - stimulus-onset delay
KW  - oculomotor control
KW  - fixation durations
KW  - sentence reading
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031647
SN  - 0096-1523
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
SP  - 1468
EP  - 1484
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  -