TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Yuefang
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Mimicking non-verbal emotional expressions and empathy development in simulated consultations
BT  - an experimental feasibility study
JF  - Patient education and counseling
N2  - Objective: To explore the feasibility of applying an experimental design to study the relationship between non-verbal emotions and empathy development in simulated consultations.
Method: In video-recorded simulated consultations, twenty clinicians were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (instructed to mimic non-verbal emotions of a simulated patient, SP) or a control group (no such instruction). Baseline empathy scores were obtained before consultation, relational empathy was rated by SP after consultation. Multilevel logistic regression modelled the probability of mimicry occurrence, controlling for baseline empathy and clinical experience. ANCOVA compared group differences on relational empathy and consultation smoothness.
Results: Instructed mimicry lasted longer than spontaneous mimicry. Mimicry was marginally related to improved relational empathy. SP felt being treated more like a whole person during consultations with spontaneous mimicry. Clinicians who displayed spontaneous mimicry felt consultations went more smoothly.
Conclusion: The experimental approach improved our understanding of how non-verbal emotional mimicry contributed to relational empathy development during consultations. Further work should ascertain the potential of instructed mimicry to enhance empathy development.
Practice implications: Understanding how non-verbal emotional mimicry impacts on patients’ perceived clinician empathy during consultations may inform training and intervention programme development.
KW  - Mimicry
KW  - Non-verbal emotion
KW  - Empathy
KW  - Experimental design
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.08.016
SN  - 0738-3991
VL  - 101
IS  - 2
SP  - 304
EP  - 309
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
T1  - Expyriment: A Python library for cognitive and neuroscientific experiments
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Expyriment is an open-source and platform-independent lightweight Python library for designing and conducting timing-critical behavioral and neuroimaging experiments. The major goal is to provide a well-structured Python library for script-based experiment development, with a high priority being the readability of the resulting program code. Expyriment has been tested extensively under Linux and Windows and is an all-in-one solution, as it handles stimulus presentation, the recording of input/output events, communication with other devices, and the collection and preprocessing of data. Furthermore, it offers a hierarchical design structure, which allows for an intuitive transition from the experimental design to a running program. It is therefore also suited for students, as well as for experimental psychologists and neuro-scientists with little programming experience.
KW  - Software
KW  - Programming library
KW  - Python
KW  - Experimental design
KW  - Stimulus presentation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0390-6
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 416
EP  - 428
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -