TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bersalli, Germán
A1  - Tröndle, Tim
A1  - Heckmann, Leon
A1  - Lilliestam, Johan
T1  - Economic crises as critical junctures for policy and structural changes towards decarbonization
BT  - the cases of Spain and Germany
JF  - Climate policy
N2  - Crises may act as tipping points for decarbonization pathways by triggering structural economic change or offering windows of opportunity for policy change. We investigate both types of effects of the global financial and COVID-19 crises on decarbonization in Spain and Germany through a quantitative Kaya-decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions and through a qualitative review of climate and energy policy changes. We show that the global financial crisis resulted in a critical juncture for Spanish CO2 emissions due to the combined effects of the deep economic recession and crisis-induced structural change, resulting in reductions in carbon and energy intensities and shifts in the economic structure. However, the crisis also resulted in a rollback of renewable energy policy, halting progress in the transition to green electricity. The impacts were less pronounced in Germany, where pre-existing decarbonization and policy trends continued after the crisis. Recovery packages had modest effects, primarily due to their temporary nature and the limited share of climate-related spending. The direct short-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on CO2 emissions were more substantial in Spain than in Germany. The policy responses in both countries sought to align short-term economic recovery with the long-term climate change goals of decarbonization, but it is too soon to observe their lasting effects. Our findings show that crises can affect structural change and support decarbonization but suggest that such effects depend on pre-existing trends, the severity of the crisis and political manoeuvring during the crisis.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - climate policy
KW  - decarbonization
KW  - structural change
KW  - economic crisis
KW  - green recovery
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2301750
SN  - 1469-3062
SN  - 1752-7457
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 410
EP  - 427
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Xun
A1  - Nie, Yan
A1  - Wang, Weiwei
A1  - Ma, Nan
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Periodic thermomechanical modulation of toll-like receptor expression and distribution in mesenchymal stromal cells
JF  - MRS communications / a publication of the Materials Research Society
N2  - Toll-like receptor (TLR) can trigger an immune response against virus including SARS-CoV-2. TLR expression/distribution is varying in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) depending on their culture environments. Here, to explore the effect of periodic thermomechanical cues on TLRs, thermally controlled shape-memory polymer sheets with programmable actuation capacity were created. The proportion of MSCs expressing SARS-CoV-2-associated TLRs was increased upon stimulation. The TLR4/7 colocalization was promoted and retained in the endoplasmic reticula. The TLR redistribution was driven by myosin-mediated F-actin assembly. These results highlight the potential of boosting the immunity for combating COVID-19 via thermomechanical preconditioning of MSCs.
KW  - Actuation
KW  - Antiviral
KW  - Biomaterial
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Shape memory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-021-00049-5
SN  - 2159-6859
SN  - 2159-6867
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 425
EP  - 431
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneidemesser, Erika von
A1  - Sibiya, Bheki
A1  - Caseiro, Alexandre
A1  - Butler, Tim
A1  - Lawrence, Mark
A1  - Leitao, Joana
A1  - Lupaşcu, Aura
A1  - Salvador, Pedro
T1  - Learning from the COVID-19 lockdown in Berlin
BT  - Observations and modelling to support understanding policies to reduce NO2
JF  - Atmospheric environment: X
N2  - Urban air pollution is a substantial threat to human health. Traffic emissions remain a large contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The mobility restrictions put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a large-scale real-world experiment that allows for the evaluation of changes in traffic emissions and the corresponding changes in air quality. Here we use observational data, as well as modelling, to analyse changes in nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter resulting from the COVID-19 restrictions at the height of the lockdown period in Spring of 2020. Accounting for the influence of meteorology on air quality, we found that reduction of ca. 30-50 % in traffic counts, dominated by changes in passenger cars, corresponded to reductions in median observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations of ca. 40 % (traffic and urban background locations) and a ca. 22 % increase in ozone (urban background locations) during weekdays. Lesser reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations were observed at urban background stations at weekends, and no change in ozone was observed. The modelled reductions in median nitrogen dioxide at urban background locations were smaller than the observed reductions and the change was not significant. The model results showed no significant change in ozone on weekdays or weekends. The lack of a simulated weekday/weekend effect is consistent with previous work suggesting that NOx emissions from traffic could be significantly underestimated in European cities by models. These results indicate the potential for improvements in air quality due to policies for reducing traffic, along with the scale of reductions that would be needed to result in meaningful changes in air quality if a transition to sustainable mobility is to be seriously considered. They also confirm once more the highly relevant role of traffic for air quality in urban areas.
KW  - Urban areas
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Emissions
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Europe
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100122
SN  - 2590-1621
VL  - 12
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Graeber, Daniel
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Seebauer, Johannes
T1  - COVID-19
BT  - a crisis of the female self-employed
JF  - Journal of population economics
N2  - We investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic and the government-mandated measures to contain its spread affect the self-employed — particularly women — in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are about one-third more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. We do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, e.g., the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship.
KW  - self-employed
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - income
KW  - gender
KW  - representative real-time survey data
KW  - decomposition methods
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-021-00849-y
SN  - 0933-1433
SN  - 1432-1475
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1187
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Rüdian, Sylvio Leo
T1  - From learners to educators
BT  - development of online courses by students for students
T2  - The future of education
N2  - The rapid growth of technology and its evolving potential to support the transformation of teaching and learning in post-secondary institutions is a major challenge to the basic understanding of both the university and the communities it serves. In higher education, the standard forms of learning and teaching are increasingly being challenged and a more comprehensive process of differentiation is taking place. Student-centered teaching methods are becoming increasingly important in course design and the role of the lecturer is changing from the knowledge mediator to moderator and learning companion. However, this is accelerating the need for strategically planned faculty support and a reassessment of the role of teaching and learning. Even though the benefits of experience-based learning approaches for the development of life skills are well known, most knowledge transfer is still realized through lectures in higher education. Teachers have the goal to design the curriculum, new assignments, and share insights into evolving pedagogy. Student engagement could be the most important factor in the learning success of university students, regardless of the university program or teaching format. Against this background, this article presents the development, application, and initial findings of an innovative learning concept. In this concept, students are allowed to deal with a scientific topic, but instead of a presentation and a written elaboration, their examination consists of developing an online course in terms of content, didactics, and concept to implement it in a learning environment, which is state of the art. The online courses include both self-created teaching material and interactive tasks. The courses are created to be available to other students as learning material after a review process and are thus incorporated into the curriculum.
KW  - future curriculum
KW  - digitalization
KW  - online courses
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2020
UR  - https://conference.pixel-online.net/files/foe/ed0010/FP/6824-CUD4792-FP-FOE10.pdf
SN  - 978-88-85813-87-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.26352/E618_2384-9509
SN  - 2420-9732
VL  - 10
PB  - Pixel
CY  - Florenz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steinmayr, Ricarda
A1  - Lazarides, Rebecca
A1  - Weidinger, Anne Franziska
A1  - Christiansen, Hanna
T1  - Teaching and learning during the first COVID-19 school lockdown: Realization and associations with parent-perceived students' academic outcomes
BT  - a study and preliminary overview
BT  - eine empirische Studie und ein erster Literaturüberblick
JF  - Zeitschrift für pädagogische Psychologie
N2  - Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all schools in Germany were locked down for several months in 2020. How schools realized teaching during the school lockdown greatly varied from school to school. N = 2,647 parents participated in an online survey and rated the following activities of teachers in mathematics, language arts (German), English, and science / biology during the school lockdown: frequency of sending task assignments, task solutions and requesting for solutions, giving task-related feedback, grading tasks, providing lessons per videoconference, and communicating via telecommunication tools with students and / or parents. Parents also reported student academic outcomes during the school lockdown (child's learning motivation, competent and independent learning, learning progress). Parents further reported student characteristics and social background variables: child's negative emotionality, school engagement, mathematical and language competencies, and child's social and cultural capital. Data were separately analyzed for elementary and secondary schools. In both samples, frequency of student-teacher communication was associated with all academic outcomes, except for learning progress in elementary school. Frequency of parent-teacher communication was associated with motivation and learning progress, but not with competent and independent learning, in both samples. Other distant teaching activities were differentially related to students' academic outcomes in elementary vs. secondary school. School engagement explained most additional variance in all students' outcomes during the school lockdown. Parent's highest school leaving certificate incrementally predicted students' motivation, and competent and independent learning in secondary school, as well as learning progress in elementary school. The variable "child has own bedroom" additionally explained variance in students' competent and independent learning during the school lockdown in both samples. Thus, both teaching activities during the school lockdown as well as children's characteristics and social background were independently important for students' motivation, competent and independent learning, and learning progress. Results are discussed with regard to their practical implications for realizing distant teaching.
N2  - Aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie waren alle Schulen in Deutschland in 2020 für mehrere Monate geschlossen. Wie die einzelnen Schulen den Fernunterricht realisierten, variierte stark zwischen den Schulen. N = 2,647 Eltern nahmen an einer Online-Befragung teil und schätzten die folgenden Aktivitäten der Mathematik-, Deutsch-, Englisch-, und Sachunterricht-/Biologielehrkraft im Fernunterricht ein: Häufigkeit, mit der Aufgaben und Lösungen geschickt, Lösungen des Kindes angefordert, Feedback zu den Lösungen des Kindes gegeben, Aufgaben benotet, Unterricht per Videokonferenz abgehalten und mit dem Kind bzw. den Eltern via Telefon o.Ä. kommuniziert wurde. Außerdem schätzten die Eltern die schulischen Outcomes ihres Kindes während des Fernunterrichts ein (d.h. Motivation, kompetentes und selbstständiges Lernverhalten und den Lernfortschritt). Schließlich machten die Eltern Angaben zu den folgenden Eigenschaften und soziodemografischen Merkmalen ihres Kindes: negative Emotionalität, schulisches Engagement, mathematische und sprachliche Kompetenzen, soziales und kulturelles Kapital. Die Daten wurden separat für Grund- und weiterführenden Schulen ausgewertet. In beiden Stichproben war die Schülerinnen und Schüler-Lehrkraft-Kommunikation mit allen Schülerinnen und Schüleroutcomes assoziiert, außer mit dem Lernfortschritt in der Grundschule. Die Häufigkeit der Eltern-Lehrkraft-Kommunikation war in beiden Stichproben mit der Motivation und dem Lernfortschritt, jedoch nicht mit dem kompetenten und selbstständigen Lernverhalten assoziiert. Die Bedeutung weiterer Lehraktivitäten im Fernunterricht unterschied sich zwischen Grund- und weiterführender Schule. Das schulische Engagement der Kinder erklärte die meiste zusätzliche Varianz in den Schülerinnen und Schüleroutcomes im Fernunterricht. Der höchste Schulabschluss der Eltern erklärte inkrementell Varianz in der Schülerinnen und Schülermotivation und in dem kompetenten und selbstständigen Lernverhalten an der weiterführenden Schule sowie im Lernfortschritt an der Grundschule. Ein eigenes Kinderzimmer erklärte in beiden Stichproben zusätzlich Varianz im kompetenten und selbstständigen Lernverhalten während des Fernunterrichts. Also waren die Lehraktivitäten während des Fernunterrichts, die Eigenschaften der Schülerinnen und Schüler und der soziale Hintergrund unabhängig voneinander wichtig für Motivation, kompetentes und selbstständiges Lernverhalten und Lernfortschritt während des Fernunterrichts. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf ihre praktischen Implikationen für die Realisierung von Fernunterricht diskutiert.
T2  - Lehren und Lernen während des ersten COVID-19-Schullockdowns: Realisierung und Zusammenhänge mit den durch Eltern eingeschätzten leistungsrelevanten Merkmalen von Schülerinnen und Schülern
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - distant teaching
KW  - teaching quality
KW  - motivation
KW  - academic
KW  - competencies
KW  - COVID-19-Pandemie
KW  - Fernunterricht
KW  - Instruktionsqualität
KW  - Motivation
KW  - schulische Kompetenzen
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000306
SN  - 1010-0652
SN  - 1664-2910
VL  - 35
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 85
EP  - 106
PB  - Hogrefe Verlag
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - große Deters, Fenne
A1  - Meier, Tabea
A1  - Milek, Anne
A1  - Horn, Andrea B.
T1  - Self-focused and other-focused health concerns as predictors of the uptake of corona contact tracing apps
BT  - Empirical Study
JF  - Journal of medical internet research
N2  - Background: 
Corona contact tracing apps are a novel and promising measure to reduce the spread of COVID-19. They can help to balance the need to maintain normal life and economic activities as much as possible while still avoiding exponentially growing case numbers. However, a majority of citizens need to be willing to install such an app for it to be effective. Hence, knowledge about drivers for app uptake is crucial. 

Objective:
This study aimed to add to our understanding of underlying psychological factors motivating app uptake. More specifically, we investigated the role of concern for one's own health and concern to unknowingly infect others.

Methods:
A two-wave survey with 346 German-speaking participants from Switzerland and Germany was conducted. We measured the uptake of two decentralized contact tracing apps officially launched by governments (Corona-Warn-App, Germany; SwissCovid, Switzerland), as well as concerns regarding COVID-19 and control variables. 

Results:
Controlling for demographic variables and general attitudes toward the government and the pandemic, logistic regression analysis showed a significant effect of self-focused concerns (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, P=.002). Meanwhile, concern of unknowingly infecting others did not contribute significantly to the prediction of app uptake over and above concern for one's own health (OR 1.01, P=.92). Longitudinal analyses replicated this pattern and showed no support for the possibility that app uptake provokes changes in levels of concern. Testing for a curvilinear relationship, there was no evidence that "too much" concern leads to defensive reactions and reduces app uptake.

Conclusions:
As one of the first studies to assess the installation of already launched corona tracing apps, this study extends our knowledge of the motivational landscape of app uptake. Based on this, practical implications for communication strategies and app design are discussed.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - corona contact tracing app
KW  - digital proximity tracing
KW  - preventive behavior
KW  - health concern
KW  - prosocial motivation
KW  - public health
KW  - risk perception
KW  - eHealth
KW  - Corona-Warn-App
KW  - SwissCovid
KW  - contact tracing app
KW  - contact tracing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/29268
SN  - 1438-8871
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
PB  - Centre of Global eHealth Innovation
CY  - Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Jianghong
A1  - Bünning, Mareike
A1  - Kaiser, Till
A1  - Hipp, Lena
T1  - Who suffered most?
BT  - parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
JF  - Journal of family research
N2  - Objective: 
This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Background: 
The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany.

Method:
We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Results:
Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups.

Conclusion:
Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - parenting stress
KW  - gender inequality
KW  - mental health
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - Germany
KW  - children
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-704
SN  - 2699-2337
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 281
EP  - 309
PB  - University of Bamberg Press
CY  - Bamberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agarwal, Saloni
A1  - Warmt, Christian
A1  - Henkel, Jörg
A1  - Schrick, Livia
A1  - Nitsche, Andreas
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
T1  - Lateral flow-based nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 using enzymatic incorporation of biotin-labeled dUTP for POCT use
JF  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica
N2  - The degree of detrimental effects inflicted on mankind by the COVID-19 pandemic increased the need to develop ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable) POCT (point of care testing) to overcome the current and any future pandemics. Much effort in research and development is currently advancing the progress to overcome the diagnostic pressure built up by emerging new pathogens. LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) is a well-researched isothermal technique for specific nucleic acid amplification which can be combined with a highly sensitive immunochromatographic readout via lateral flow assays (LFA). Here we discuss LAMP-LFA robustness, sensitivity, and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 N-gene detection in cDNA and clinical swab-extracted RNA samples. The LFA readout is designed to produce highly specific results by incorporation of biotin and FITC labels to 11-dUTP and LF (loop forming forward) primer, respectively. The LAMP-LFA assay was established using cDNA for N-gene with an accuracy of 95.65%. To validate the study, 82 SARS-CoV-2-positive RNA samples were tested. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-LAMP-LFA was positive for the RNA samples with an accuracy of 81.66%; SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected by RT-LAMP-LFA for as low as CT-33. Our method reduced the detection time to 15 min and indicates therefore that RT-LAMP in combination with LFA represents a promising nucleic acid biosensing POCT platform that combines with smartphone based semi-quantitative data analysis.
KW  - Point of care testing (POCT)
KW  - Lateral flow assay (LFA)
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP);
KW  - SARS-CoV-2 N-gene
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03880-4
SN  - 1618-2642
SN  - 1618-2650
VL  - 414
IS  - 10
SP  - 3177
EP  - 3186
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali
A1  - Noroozi, Raha
A1  - Fakhri, Ehsan
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Oliveira, Anderson Souza
T1  - The Impact of COVID-19 and muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running kinetics in female recreational runners
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Background: 
There is evidence that fully recovered COVID-19 patients usually resume physical exercise, but do not perform at the same intensity level performed prior to infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and recovery as well as muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running biomechanics in female recreational runners.

Methods: 
Twenty-eight females were divided into a group of hospitalized and recovered COVID-19 patients (COV, n = 14, at least 14 days following recovery) and a group of healthy age-matched controls (CTR, n = 14). Ground reaction forces from stepping on a force plate while barefoot overground running at 3.3 m/s was measured before and after a fatiguing protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of incrementally increasing running speed until reaching a score of 13 on the 6-20 Borg scale, followed by steady-state running until exhaustion. The effects of group and fatigue were assessed for steady-state running duration, steady-state running speed, ground contact time, vertical instantaneous loading rate and peak propulsion force.

Results: 
COV runners completed only 56% of the running time achieved by the CTR (p < 0.0001), and at a 26% slower steady-state running speed (p < 0.0001). There were fatigue-related reductions in loading rate (p = 0.004) without group differences. Increased ground contact time (p = 0.002) and reduced peak propulsion force (p = 0.005) were found for COV when compared to CTR.

Conclusion: 
Our results suggest that female runners who recovered from COVID-19 showed compromised running endurance and altered running kinetics in the form of longer stance periods and weaker propulsion forces. More research is needed in this area using larger sample sizes to confirm our study findings.
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - running mechanics
KW  - ground reaction forces
KW  - virus
KW  - infection
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.942589
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - AbuJarour, Safa'a
A1  - Ajjan, Haya
A1  - Fedorowicz, Jane
A1  - Owens, Dawn
T1  - How working from home during COVID-19 affects academic productivity
JF  - Communications of the Association for Information Systems : CAIS
N2  - The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced most academics to work from home. This sudden venue change can affect academics' productivity and exacerbate the challenges that confront universities as they face an uncertain future. In this paper, we identify factors that influence academics' productivity while working from home during the mandate to self-isolate. From analyzing results from a global survey we conducted, we found that both personal and technology-related factors affect an individual's attitude toward working from home and productivity. Our results should prove valuable to university administrators to better address the work-life challenges that academics face.
KW  - work from home
KW  - academic
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - productivity
KW  - WFH
KW  - technology
KW  - usefulness
KW  - family-work conflict
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04808
SN  - 1529-3181
VL  - 48
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - Association for Information Systems
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Bouckaert, Geert
A1  - Galli, Davide
A1  - Reiter, Renate
A1  - van Hecke, Steven
T1  - Opportunity management of the COVID-19 pandemic
BT  - testing the crisis from a global perspective
JF  - International review of administrative sciences
N2  - This article provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of COVID-19 crisis governance in the first half of 2020 from a cross-country comparative perspective. It focuses on the issue of opportunity management, that is, how the crisis was used by relevant actors of distinctly different administrative cultures as a window of opportunity. We started from an overall interest in the factors that have influenced the national politics of crisis management to answer the question of whether and how political and administrative actors in various countries have used the crisis as an opportunity to facilitate, accelerate or prevent changes in institutional settings. The objective is to study the institutional settings and governance structures, (alleged) solutions and remedies, and constellations of actors and preferences that have influenced the mode of crisis and opportunity management. Finally, the article summarizes some major comparative findings drawn from the country studies of this Special Issue, focusing on similarities and differences in crisis responses and patterns of opportunity management.
KW  - administrative culture
KW  - comparison
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis management
KW  - governance
KW  - opportunity management
KW  - pandemic
KW  - window of opportunity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852321992102
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
SP  - 497
EP  - 517
PB  - Sage
CY  - Los Angeles, California
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jessen, Jonas
A1  - Spiess, C. Katharina
A1  - Waights, Sevrin
A1  - Wrohlich, Katharina
T1  - The gender division of unpaid care work throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
JF  - German economic review
N2  - The COVID-19 pandemic and related closures of day care centres and schools significantly increased the amount of care work done by parents. There has been much speculation over whether the pandemic increased or decreased gender equality in parental care work. Based on representative data for Germany from spring 2020 and winter 2021 we present an empirical analysis that shows that although gender inequality in the division of care work increased to some extent in the beginning of the pandemic, it returned to the pre-pandemic level in the second lockdown almost nine months later. These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic neither aggravated nor lessened inequality in the division of unpaid care work among mothers and fathers in any persistent way in Germany.
KW  - gender division
KW  - domestic work
KW  - child care
KW  - day care
KW  - gender care gap
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/ger-2022-0003
SN  - 1465-6485
SN  - 1468-0475
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 641
EP  - 667
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chan, Lili
A1  - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1  - Somani, Sulaiman
A1  - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1  - Kumar, Arvind
A1  - Zhao, Shan
A1  - Kaufman, Lewis
A1  - Leisman, Staci
A1  - Sharma, Shuchita
A1  - He, John Cijiang
A1  - Murphy, Barbara
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Levin, Matthew A.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin
A1  - Coca, Steven G.
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
T1  - Outcomes of patients on maintenance dialysis hospitalized with COVID-19
JF  - Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
KW  - chronic dialysis
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - end-stage kidney disease
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.12360720
SN  - 1555-9041
SN  - 1555-905X
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 452
EP  - 455
PB  - American Society of Nephrology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Basnarkov, Lasko
A1  - Tomovski, Igor
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Kocarev, Ljupčo
T1  - Non-Markovian SIR epidemic spreading model of COVID-19
JF  - Chaos, solitons & fractals : applications in science and engineering ; an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science
N2  - We introduce non-Markovian SIR epidemic spreading model inspired by the characteristics of the COVID-19, by considering discrete-and continuous-time versions. The distributions of infection intensity and recovery period may take an arbitrary form. By taking corresponding choice of these functions, it is shown that the model reduces to the classical Markovian case. The epidemic threshold is analytically determined for arbitrary functions of infectivity and recovery and verified numerically. The relevance of the model is shown by modeling the first wave of the epidemic in Italy, Spain and the UK, in the spring, 2020.
KW  - Epidemic spreading models
KW  - Non-Markovian processes
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - SIR model
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112286
SN  - 0960-0779
SN  - 1873-2887
VL  - 160
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chan, Lili
A1  - Chaudhary, Kumardeep
A1  - Saha, Aparna
A1  - Chauhan, Kinsuk
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Zhao, Shan
A1  - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1  - Somani, Sulaiman
A1  - Richter, Felix
A1  - Miotto, Riccardo
A1  - Lala, Anuradha
A1  - Kia, Arash
A1  - Timsina, Prem
A1  - Li, Li
A1  - Freeman, Robert
A1  - Chen, Rong
A1  - Narula, Jagat
A1  - Just, Allan C.
A1  - Horowitz, Carol
A1  - Fayad, Zahi
A1  - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos
A1  - Schadt, Eric
A1  - Levin, Matthew A.
A1  - Reich, David L.
A1  - Fuster, Valentin
A1  - Murphy, Barbara
A1  - He, John C.
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin
A1  - Coca, Steven G.
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
T1  - AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
JF  - Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
N2  - Background:
Early reports indicate that AKI is common among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associatedwith worse outcomes. However, AKI among hospitalized patients with COVID19 in the United States is not well described. 

Methods:
This retrospective, observational study involved a review of data from electronic health records of patients aged >= 18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the Mount Sinai Health System from February 27 to May 30, 2020. We describe the frequency of AKI and dialysis requirement, AKI recovery, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with mortality. 

Results:
Of 3993 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, AKI occurred in 1835 (46%) patients; 347 (19%) of the patientswith AKI required dialysis. The proportionswith stages 1, 2, or 3 AKIwere 39%, 19%, and 42%, respectively. A total of 976 (24%) patients were admitted to intensive care, and 745 (76%) experienced AKI. Of the 435 patients with AKI and urine studies, 84% had proteinuria, 81% had hematuria, and 60% had leukocyturia. Independent predictors of severe AKI were CKD, men, and higher serum potassium at admission. In-hospital mortality was 50% among patients with AKI versus 8% among those without AKI (aOR, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 7.5 to 11.3). Of survivors with AKI who were discharged, 35% had not recovered to baseline kidney function by the time of discharge. An additional 28 of 77 (36%) patients who had not recovered kidney function at discharge did so on posthospital follow-up. 

Conclusions:
AKI is common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is associated with high mortality. Of all patients with AKI, only 30% survived with recovery of kidney function by the time of discharge.
KW  - acute renal failure
KW  - clinical nephrology
KW  - dialysis
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020050615
SN  - 1046-6673
SN  - 1533-3450
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 151
EP  - 160
PB  - American Society of Nephrology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bertschek, Irene
A1  - Block, Joern
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Stiel, Caroline
T1  - German financial state aid during Covid-19 pandemic
BT  - higher impact among digitalized self-employed
JF  - Entrepreneurship & regional development
N2  - In response to strong revenue and income losses facing a large share of self-employed individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, the German federal government introduced a €50bn emergency-aid program. Based on real-time online-survey data comprising more than 20,000 observations, we analyze the impact of this program on the confidence to survive the crisis. We investigate how the digitalization level of self-employed individuals influences the program’s effectiveness. Employing propensity score matching, we find that the emergency-aid program had only moderately positive effects on the confidence of self-employed to survive the crisis. However, self-employed whose businesses were highly digitalized, benefitted much more from the state aid than those whose businesses were less digitalized. This only holds true for those self-employed, who started the digitalization processes already before the crisis. Taking a regional perspective, we find suggestive evidence that the quality of the regional broadband infrastructure matters in the sense that it increases the effectiveness of the emergency-aid program. Our findings show the interplay between governmental support programs, the digitalization levels of entrepreneurs, and the regional digital infrastructure. The study helps public policy to improve the impact of crisis-related policy instruments, ultimately increasing the resilience of small firms in times of crises.
KW  - self-employment
KW  - emergency-aid
KW  - treatment effects
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - digitalization
KW  - resilience
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2023.2196267
SN  - 0898-5626
SN  - 1464-5114
VL  - 36
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 76
EP  - 97
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Graeber, Daniel
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Seebauer, Johannes
T1  - Pandemic depression
BT  - COVID-19 and the mental health of the self-employed
JF  - Entrepreneurship theory and practice
N2  - We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.
KW  - self-employment
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - mental health
KW  - gender
KW  - representative longitudinal survey data
KW  - PHQ-4 score
KW  - resilience
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102106
SN  - 1042-2587
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SP  - 788
EP  - 830
PB  - SAGE Publishing
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Sinika
A1  - Cook, Brian
A1  - Schipfer, Melanie
A1  - Stoll, Oliver
T1  - Forced to stay at home
BT  - impact of curfews on mood during a pandemic for individuals with exercise dependence
BT  - Auswirkungen von Ausgangsbeschränkungen in einer Pandemie auf die Stimmung von Personen mit Sportabhängigkeit
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - The effects of COVID-19-related lockdowns on deterioration of mental health and use of exercise to remediate such effects has been well documented in numerous populations. However, it remains unknown how lockdown restrictions impacted individuals differently and who was more likely to change their exercise behavior and experience negative well-being. The current study examined exercise dependence as a risk factor and its impact on exercise behavior and mood during the initial COVID-19 lockdowns on a global scale in 11,898 participants from 17 countries. Mixed effects models revealed that reducing exercise behavior was associated with a stronger decrease in mood for individuals at risk of exercise dependence compared to individuals at low risk of exercise dependence. Participants at high risk and exercising more prior to the pandemic reported the most exercise during lockdown. Effects of lowered mood were most pronounced in participants with high risk of exercise dependence who reported greater reduction in exercise frequency during lockdown. These results support recent etiological evidence for exercise dependence and add to a growing body of literature documenting mental health effects related to COVID-19.
T2  - Gezwungen, zu Hause zu bleiben
KW  - Exercise addiction
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Coronavirus disease 2019
KW  - Exercise behavior
KW  - Psychpathology
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-022-00800-7
SN  - 2509-3142
SN  - 2509-3150
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
SP  - 477
EP  - 481
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ohlmeier, Silke
A1  - Klingler, Corinna
A1  - Schellartz, Isabell
A1  - Pfaff, Holger
T1  - Having a break or being imprisoned: influence of subjective interpretations of quarantine and isolation on boredom
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Boredom has been identified as one of the greatest psychological challenges when staying at home during quarantine and isolation. However, this does not mean that the situation necessarily causes boredom. On the basis of 13 explorative interviews with bored and non-bored persons who have been under quarantine or in isolation, we explain why boredom is related to a subjective interpretation process rather than being a direct consequence of the objective situation. Specifically, we show that participants vary significantly in their interpretations of staying at home and, thus, also in their experience of boredom. While the non-bored participants interpret the situation as a relief or as irrelevant, the bored participants interpret it as a major restriction that only some are able to cope with.
KW  - boredom
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - quarantine
KW  - social constructivism
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042207
SN  - 1660-4601
SN  - 1661-7827
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
ED  - Reis, Arsénio
ED  - Barroso, João
ED  - Lopes, J. Bernardino
ED  - Mikropoulos, Tassos
ED  - Fan, Chih-Wen
T1  - Yes, we can (?)
BT  - a critical review of the COVID-19 semester
T2  - Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings
N2  - The COVID-19 crisis has caused an extreme situation for higher education institutions around the world, where exclusively virtual teaching and learning has become obligatory rather than an additional supporting feature. This has created opportunities to explore the potential and limitations of virtual learning formats. This paper presents four theses on virtual classroom teaching and learning that are discussed critically. We use existing theoretical insights extended by empirical evidence from a survey of more than 850 students on acceptance, expectations, and attitudes regarding the positive and negative aspects of virtual teaching. The survey responses were gathered from students at different universities during the first completely digital semester (Spring-Summer 2020) in Germany. We discuss similarities and differences between the subjects being studied and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teaching and learning. Against the background of existing theory and the gathered data, we emphasize the importance of social interaction, the combination of different learning formats, and thus context-sensitive hybrid learning as the learning form of the future.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - higher education
KW  - virtual learning
KW  - digital learning
KW  - subject differences
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-73987-4
SN  - 978-3-030-73988-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73988-1_17
SP  - 225
EP  - 235
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hecke, Steven van
A1  - Fuhr, Harald
A1  - Wolfs, Wouter
T1  - The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic
BT  - the member states at a crossroads
JF  - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2  - Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management. <br /> Points for practitioners <br /> As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints.
KW  - autonomy
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis management
KW  - European Union
KW  - International
KW  - Monetary Fund
KW  - international organizations
KW  - multilateralism
KW  - World Bank
KW  - World Health Organization
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320984516
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
SP  - 672
EP  - 690
PB  - Sage
CY  - Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Diaz Ferreyra, Nicolás Emilio
A1  - Shahi, Gautam Kishore
A1  - Tony, Catherine
A1  - Stieglitz, Stefan
A1  - Scandariato, Riccardo
ED  - Schmidt, Albrecht
ED  - Väänänen, Kaisa
ED  - Goyal, Tesh
ED  - Kristensson, Per Ola
ED  - Peters, Anicia
T1  - Regret, delete, (do not) repeat
BT  - an analysis of self-cleaning practices on twitter after the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic
T2  - Extended abstracts of the 2023 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems
N2  - During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people shared their symptoms across Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Twitter, hoping for others’ advice or moral support. Prior studies have shown that those who disclose health-related information across OSNs often tend to regret it and delete their publications afterwards. Hence, deleted posts containing sensitive data can be seen as manifestations of online regrets. In this work, we present an analysis of deleted content on Twitter during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, we collected more than 3.67 million tweets describing COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, and fatigue) posted between January and April 2020. We observed that around 24% of the tweets containing personal pronouns were deleted either by their authors or by the platform after one year.
As a practical application of the resulting dataset, we explored its suitability for the automatic classification of regrettable content on Twitter.
KW  - privacy
KW  - self-disclosure
KW  - online regrets
KW  - deleted tweets
KW  - crisis communication
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-1-45039-422-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3585583
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - ACM
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Chan, Lili
A1  - Chaudhary, Kumardeep
A1  - Jaladanki, Suraj K.
A1  - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1  - Russak, Adam J.
A1  - Kia, Arash
A1  - Timsina, Prem
A1  - Levin, Matthew A.
A1  - He, John Cijiang
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Coca, Steven G.
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
T1  - Predictive approaches for acute dialysis requirement and death in COVID-19
JF  - Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
N2  - Background and objectives
AKI treated with dialysis initiation is a common complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among hospitalized patients. However, dialysis supplies and personnel are often limited. 

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using data from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from five hospitals from theMount Sinai Health System who were admitted between March 10 and December 26, 2020, we developed and validated several models (logistic regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), random forest, and eXtreme GradientBoosting [XGBoost; with and without imputation]) for predicting treatment with dialysis or death at various time horizons (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) after hospital admission. Patients admitted to theMount Sinai Hospital were used for internal validation, whereas the other hospitals formed part of the external validation cohort. Features included demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory and vital signs within 12 hours of hospital admission.

Results
A total of 6093 patients (2442 in training and 3651 in external validation) were included in the final cohort. Of the different modeling approaches used, XGBoost without imputation had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve on internal validation (range of 0.93-0.98) and area under the precisionrecall curve (AUPRC; range of 0.78-0.82) for all time points. XGBoost without imputation also had the highest test parameters on external validation (AUROC range of 0.85-0.87, and AUPRC range of 0.27-0.54) across all time windows. XGBoost without imputation outperformed all models with higher precision and recall (mean difference in AUROC of 0.04; mean difference in AUPRC of 0.15). Features of creatinine, BUN, and red cell distribution width were major drivers of the model's prediction.

Conclusions
 An XGBoost model without imputation for prediction of a composite outcome of either death or dialysis in patients positive for COVID-19 had the best performance, as compared with standard and other machine learning models.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - dialysis
KW  - machine learning
KW  - prediction
KW  - AKI
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.17311120
SN  - 1555-9041
SN  - 1555-905X
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
SP  - 1158
EP  - 1168
PB  - American Society of Nephrology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vaid, Akhil
A1  - Somani, Sulaiman
A1  - Russak, Adam J.
A1  - De Freitas, Jessica K.
A1  - Chaudhry, Fayzan F.
A1  - Paranjpe, Ishan
A1  - Johnson, Kipp W.
A1  - Lee, Samuel J.
A1  - Miotto, Riccardo
A1  - Richter, Felix
A1  - Zhao, Shan
A1  - Beckmann, Noam D.
A1  - Naik, Nidhi
A1  - Kia, Arash
A1  - Timsina, Prem
A1  - Lala, Anuradha
A1  - Paranjpe, Manish
A1  - Golden, Eddye
A1  - Danieletto, Matteo
A1  - Singh, Manbir
A1  - Meyer, Dara
A1  - O'Reilly, Paul F.
A1  - Huckins, Laura
A1  - Kovatch, Patricia
A1  - Finkelstein, Joseph
A1  - Freeman, Robert M.
A1  - Argulian, Edgar
A1  - Kasarskis, Andrew
A1  - Percha, Bethany
A1  - Aberg, Judith A.
A1  - Bagiella, Emilia
A1  - Horowitz, Carol R.
A1  - Murphy, Barbara
A1  - Nestler, Eric J.
A1  - Schadt, Eric E.
A1  - Cho, Judy H.
A1  - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos
A1  - Fuster, Valentin
A1  - Charney, Dennis S.
A1  - Reich, David L.
A1  - Böttinger, Erwin
A1  - Levin, Matthew A.
A1  - Narula, Jagat
A1  - Fayad, Zahi A.
A1  - Just, Allan C.
A1  - Charney, Alexander W.
A1  - Nadkarni, Girish N.
A1  - Glicksberg, Benjamin S.
T1  - Machine learning to predict mortality and critical events in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in New York City: model development and validation
JF  - Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR
N2  - Background:
COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide and is responsible for several hundred thousand fatalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated thoughtful resource allocation and early identification of high-risk patients. However, effective methods to meet these needs are lacking.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City; to develop machine learning models for making predictions about the hospital course of the patients over clinically meaningful time horizons based on patient characteristics at admission; and to assess the performance of these models at multiple hospitals and time points. 

Methods:
We used Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and baseline comparator models to predict in-hospital mortality and critical events at time windows of 3, 5, 7, and 10 days from admission. Our study population included harmonized EHR data from five hospitals in New York City for 4098 COVID-19-positive patients admitted from March 15 to May 22, 2020. The models were first trained on patients from a single hospital (n=1514) before or on May 1, externally validated on patients from four other hospitals (n=2201) before or on May 1, and prospectively validated on all patients after May 1 (n=383). Finally, we established model interpretability to identify and rank variables that drive model predictions.

Results:
Upon cross-validation, the XGBoost classifier outperformed baseline models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for mortality of 0.89 at 3 days, 0.85 at 5 and 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days. XGBoost also performed well for critical event prediction, with an AUC-ROC of 0.80 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. In external validation, XGBoost achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 at 3 days, 0.86 at 5 days, 0.86 at 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days for mortality prediction. Similarly, the unimputed XGBoost model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.78 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. Trends in performance on prospective validation sets were similar. At 7 days, acute kidney injury on admission, elevated LDH, tachypnea, and hyperglycemia were the strongest drivers of critical event prediction, while higher age, anion gap, and C-reactive protein were the strongest drivers of mortality prediction. 

Conclusions:
We externally and prospectively trained and validated machine learning models for mortality and critical events for patients with COVID-19 at different time horizons. These models identified at-risk patients and uncovered underlying relationships that predicted outcomes.
KW  - machine learning
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - electronic health record
KW  - TRIPOD
KW  - clinical
KW  - informatics
KW  - prediction
KW  - mortality
KW  - EHR
KW  - cohort
KW  - hospital
KW  - performance
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/24018
SN  - 1439-4456
SN  - 1438-8871
VL  - 22
IS  - 11
PB  - Healthcare World
CY  - Richmond, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breier, Matthias
A1  - Kallmuenzer, Andreas
A1  - Clauss, Thomas
A1  - Gast, Johanna
A1  - Kraus, Sascha
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - The role of business model innovation in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis
JF  - International journal of hospitality management
N2  - The hospitality industry worldwide is among the hardest-hit industries from the COVID-19 lockdowns. Initial theoretical and practical observations in the hospitality industry indicate that business model innovation (BMI) might be a solution to recover from and successfully cope with the COVID-19 crisis. Interestingly, some firms in the hospitality industry already started to successfully adapt their business models. This study explores the why and how of these successful recovery attempts through BMI by conducting a multiple case study of six hospitality firms in Austria. We rely on interview data from managers together with one of their main stammgasts for each case, which we triangulate with secondary data for the analysis. Findings show that BMI is applied during and after the crisis to create new revenue streams and secure a higher level of liquidity, with an important role of stammgasts.
KW  - business model innovation
KW  - hospitality
KW  - tourism
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis
KW  - stammgasts
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102723
SN  - 0278-4319
VL  - 92
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraus, Sascha
A1  - Clauss, Thomas
A1  - Breier, Matthias
A1  - Gast, Johanna
A1  - Zardini, Alessandro
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - The economics of COVID-19
BT  - initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis
JF  - International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research
N2  - Purpose
Within a very short period of time, the worldwide pandemic triggered by the novel coronavirus has not only claimed numerous lives but also caused severe limitations to daily private as well as business life. Just about every company has been affected in one way or another. This first empirical study on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on family firms allows initial conclusions to be drawn about family firm crisis management.

Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory qualitative research design based on 27 semi-structured interviews with key informants of family firms of all sizes in five Western European countries that are in different stages of the crisis.

Findings
The COVID-19 crisis represents a new type and quality of challenge for companies. These companies are applying measures that can be assigned to three different strategies to adapt to the crisis in the short term and emerge from it stronger in the long run. Our findings show how companies in all industries and of all sizes adapt their business models to changing environmental conditions within a short period of time. Finally, the findings also show that the crisis is bringing about a significant yet unintended cultural change. On the one hand, a stronger solidarity and cohesion within the company was observed, while on the other hand, the crisis has led to a tentative digitalization.

Originality/value
To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first empirical study in the management realm on the impacts of COVID-19 on (family) firms. It provides cross-national evidence of family firms' current reactions to the crisis.
KW  - Corona
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis management
KW  - familiy firms
KW  - strategic management
KW  - business model adaption
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2020-0214
SN  - 1355-2554
SN  - 1758-6534
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 1067
EP  - 1092
PB  - Emerald
CY  - Bingley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Kalinowski, Eva
A1  - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K-12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K-12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K-12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K-12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
KW  - burnout
KW  - stress
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - pandemic
KW  - K-12 teachers
KW  - remote teaching
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Forster, Timon
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
T1  - Reacting, fast and slow
BT  - how world leaders shaped government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
JF  - Journal of European public policy
N2  - The COVID-19 pandemic created extraordinary challenges for governments to safeguard the well-being of their people. To what extent has leaders' reliance on scientific advice shaped government responses to the COVID-19 outbreak? We argue that leaders who tend to orient themselves on expert advice realized the extent of the crisis earlier. Consequently, these governments would adopt containment measures relatively quickly, despite the high uncertainty they faced. Over time, differences in government responses based on the use of science would dissipate due to herding effects. We test our argument on data combining 163 government responses to the pandemic with national- and individual-level characteristics. Consistent with our argument, we find that countries governed by politicians with a stronger technocratic mentality, approximated by holding a PhD, adopted restrictive containment measures faster in the early, but not in the later, stages of the crisis. This importance of expert-based leadership plausibly extends to other large-scale societal crises.
KW  - crisis
KW  - leadership
KW  - expertise
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - policy-making
KW  - public health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1942157
SN  - 1350-1763
SN  - 1466-4429
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
SP  - 1299
EP  - 1320
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steppert, Claus
A1  - Steppert, Isabel
A1  - Sterlacci, William
A1  - Bollinger, Thomas
T1  - Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by multicapillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) of breath
BT  - a proof of concept study
JF  - Journal of breath research : volatiles for medical diagnosis ; official journal of the International Association for Breath Research (IABR) and the International Society for Breath Odor Research (ISBOR)
N2  - There is an urgent need for screening of patients with a communicable viral disease to cut infection chains. Recently, we demonstrated that ion mobility spectrometry coupled with a multicapillary column (MCC-IMS) is able to identify influenza-A infections in patients' breath. With a decreasing influenza epidemic and upcoming SARS-CoV-2 infections we proceeded further and analyzed patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, the nasal breath of 75 patients (34 male, 41 female, aged 64.4 +/- 15.4 years) was investigated by MCC-IMS for viral infections. Fourteen were positively diagnosed with influenza-A infection and sixteen with SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. In one patient RT-PCR was highly suspicious of SARS-CoV-2 but initially inconclusive. The remaining 44 patients served as controls. Breath fingerprints for specific infections were assessed by a combination of cluster analysis and multivariate statistics. There were no significant differences in gender or age according to the groups. In the cross validation of the discriminant analysis 72 of the 74 clearly defined patients could be correctly classified to the respective group. Even the inconclusive patient could be mapped to the SARS-CoV-2 group by applying the discrimination functions. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection and influenza-A infection can be detected with the help of MCC-IMS in breath in this pilot study. As this method provides a fast non-invasive diagnosis it should be further developed in a larger cohort for screening of communicable viral diseases. A validation study is ongoing during the second wave of COVID-19. 

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT04282135 Registered 20 February 2020-Retrospectively registered,
KW  - breath analysis
KW  - ion mobility spectrometry
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - influenza-A
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/abe5ca
SN  - 1752-7163
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haggenmüller, Sandra
A1  - Oehlschläger, Patricia
A1  - Herbst, Uta
A1  - Voeth, Markus
T1  - Time for change?
BT  - scenario analysis on buyer–seller negotiations
JF  - The journal of business & industrial marketing
N2  - Purpose: 
This study aims to provide probable future developments in the form of holistic scenarios for business negotiations. In recent years, negotiation research did not put a lot of emphasis on external changes. Consequently, current challenges and trends are scarcely integrated, making it difficult to support negotiation practice perspectively.

Design/methodology/approach:
This paper applies the structured, multi-method approach of scenario analysis. To examine the future space of negotiations, this combines qualitative and quantitative measures to base our analysis on negotiation experts’ assessments, estimations and visions of the negotiation future.

Findings:
The results comprise an overview of five negotiation scenarios in the year 2030 and of their individual drivers. The five revealed scenarios are: digital intelligence, business as usual, powerful network – the route to collaboration, powerful network – the route to predominance and system crash.

Originality/value:
The scenario analysis is a suitable approach that enables to relate various factors of the negotiation environment to negotiations themselves and allows an examination of future changes in buyer–seller negotiations and the creation of possible future scenarios. The identified scenarios provide an orientation for business decisions in the field of negotiation.
KW  - Negotiating
KW  - Scenario analysis
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Business negotiation
KW  - Buyer–seller negotiations
KW  - Future scenarios
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-11-2021-0511
SN  - 0885-8624
SN  - 2052-1189
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
SP  - 1215
EP  - 1242
PB  - Emerald Publishing Limited
CY  - Bingley
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Editorial: Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis
T2  - Survey Research Methods
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Survey Research Methods
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769
SN  - 1864-3361
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 93
EP  - 94
CY  - Konstanz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1  - Liese, Andrea
T1  - Expert authority and support for COVID-19 measures in Germany and the UK
BT  - a survey experiment
JF  - West European politics
N2  - During COVID-19, various public institutions tried to shape citizens’ behaviour to slow the spread of the pandemic. How did their authority affect citizens’ support of public measures taken to combat the spread of COVID-19? The article makes two contributions. First, it presents a novel conceptualisation of authority as a source heuristic. Second, it analyses the authority of four types of public institutions (health ministries, universities, public health agencies, the WHO) in two countries (Germany and the UK), drawing on novel data from a survey experiment conducted in May 2020. On average, institutional endorsements seem to have mattered little. However, there is an observable polarisation effect where citizens who ascribe much expertise to public institutions support COVID-19 measures more than the control group. Furthermore, those who ascribe little expertise support them less than the control group. Finally, neither perception of biases nor exposure to institutions in public debates seems consistently to affect their authority.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - expertise
KW  - authority
KW  - survey experiment
KW  - institutions
KW  - crises
KW  - governance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1873630
SN  - 0140-2382
SN  - 1743-9655
SP  - 1258
EP  - 1282
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Bünning, Mareike
A1  - Munnes, Stefan
A1  - Sauermann, Armin
T1  - Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies
JF  - Survey research methods
N2  - This paper examines and discusses the biases and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions that are currently being used in many medical, epidemiological, and sociological studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the consistency of answers to retrospective questions provided by respondents who participated in the first two waves of a survey on the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, we illustrate the insights generated by a large body of survey research on the use of retrospective questions and recall accuracy.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - retrospective questions
KW  - recall accuracy
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7741
SN  - 1864-3361
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 109
EP  - 113
PB  - European Survey Research Association
CY  - Konstanz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Bünning, Mareike
T1  - Parenthood as a driver of increased genderinequality during COVID-19?
BT  - exploratory evidence from Germany
JF  - European societies
N2  - Drawing on three waves of survey data from a non-probability sample from Germany, this paper examines two opposing expectations about the pandemic's impacts on gender equality: The optimistic view suggests that gender equality has increased, as essential workers in Germany have been predominantly female and as fathers have had more time for childcare. The pessimistic view posits that lockdowns have also negatively affected women's jobs and that mothers had to shoulder the additional care responsibilities. Overall, our exploratory analyses provide more evidence supporting the latter view. Parents were more likely than non-parents to work fewer hours during the pandemic than before, and mothers were more likely than fathers to work fewer hours once lockdowns were lifted. Moreover, even though parents tended to divide childcare more evenly, at least temporarily, mothers still shouldered more childcare work than fathers. The division of housework remained largely unchanged. It is therefore unsurprising that women, in particular mothers, reported lower satisfaction during the observation period. Essential workers experienced fewer changes in their working lives than respondents in other occupations.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - gender
KW  - family
KW  - employment
KW  - division of labour
KW  - satisfaction
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1833229
SN  - 1461-6696
SN  - 1469-8307
VL  - 23
SP  - S658
EP  - S673
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Post, Julia C.
A1  - Class, Fabian
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Unit nonresponse biases in estimates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence
JF  - Survey research methods
N2  - Since COVID-19 became a pandemic, many studies are being conducted to get a better understanding of the disease itself and its spread. One crucial indicator is the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Since this measure is an important foundation for political decisions, its estimate must be reliable and unbiased. This paper presents reasons for biases in prevalence estimates due to unit nonresponse in typical studies. Since it is difficult to avoid bias in situations with mostly unknown nonresponse mechanisms, we propose the maximum amount of bias as one measure to assess the uncertainty due to nonresponse. An interactive web application is presented that calculates the limits of such a conservative unit nonresponse confidence interval (CUNCI).
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - prevalence
KW  - probability samples
KW  - unit nonresponse
KW  - conservative confidence limits
KW  - nonresponse bias
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7755
SN  - 1864-3361
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 115
EP  - 121
PB  - European Survey Research Association
CY  - Duisburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Sequential data assimilation of the stochastic SEIR epidemic model for regional COVID-19 dynamics
JF  - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology
N2  - Newly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.
KW  - Stochastic epidemic model
KW  - Sequential data assimilation
KW  - Ensemble Kalman
KW  - filter
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-020-00834-8
SN  - 0092-8240
SN  - 1522-9602
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis
JF  - Survey research methods
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Survey Research Methods
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769
SN  - 1864-3361
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 93
EP  - 94
PB  - European Survey Research Association
CY  - Konstanz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali
A1  - Noroozi, Raha
A1  - Fakhri Mirzanag, Ehsan
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - de Souza Castelo Oliveira, Anderson
T1  - The Impact of COVID-19 and Muscle Fatigue on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Running Kinetics in Female Recreational Runners
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Background: There is evidence that fully recovered COVID-19 patients usually resume physical exercise, but do not perform at the same intensity level performed prior to infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and recovery as well as muscle fatigue on cardiorespiratory fitness and running biomechanics in female recreational runners.

Methods: Twenty-eight females were divided into a group of hospitalized and recovered COVID-19 patients (COV, n = 14, at least 14 days following recovery) and a group of healthy age-matched controls (CTR, n = 14). Ground reaction forces from stepping on a force plate while barefoot overground running at 3.3 m/s was measured before and after a fatiguing protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of incrementally increasing running speed until reaching a score of 13 on the 6–20 Borg scale, followed by steady-state running until exhaustion. The effects of group and fatigue were assessed for steady-state running duration, steady-state running speed, ground contact time, vertical instantaneous loading rate and peak propulsion force.

Results: COV runners completed only 56% of the running time achieved by the CTR (p < 0.0001), and at a 26% slower steady-state running speed (p < 0.0001). There were fatigue-related reductions in loading rate (p = 0.004) without group differences. Increased ground contact time (p = 0.002) and reduced peak propulsion force (p = 0.005) were found for COV when compared to CTR.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that female runners who recovered from COVID-19 showed compromised running endurance and altered running kinetics in the form of longer stance periods and weaker propulsion forces. More research is needed in this area using larger sample sizes to confirm our study findings.
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - running mechanics
KW  - ground reaction forces
KW  - virus infection
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.942589
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Urbach, Dietmar
A1  - Awiszus, Friedemann
A1  - Leiß, Sven
A1  - Venton, Tamsin
A1  - De Specht, Alexander Vincent
A1  - Apfelbacher, Christian
T1  - Associations of medications with lower odds of typical COVID-19 symptoms
BT  - cross-sectional symptom surveillance study
JF  - JMIR public health and surveillance
N2  - Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe, the search for an effective medication to treat the symptoms of COVID-19 continues as well. It would be desirable to identify a medication that is already in use for another condition and whose side effect profile and safety data are already known and approved.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different medications on typical COVID-19 symptoms by using data from an online surveillance survey.
Methods: Between early April and late-July 2020, a total of 3654 individuals in Lower Saxony, Germany, participated in an online symptom-tracking survey conducted through the app covid-nein-danke.de. The questionnaire comprised items on typical COVID-19 symptoms, age range, gender, employment in patient-facing healthcare, housing status, postal code, previous illnesses, permanent medication, vaccination status, results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis, and consequent COVID-19 treatment if applicable. Odds ratio estimates with corresponding 95% CIs were computed for each medication and symptom by using logistic regression models.
Results: Data analysis suggested a statistically significant inverse relationship between typical COVID-19 symptoms self-reported by the participants and self-reported statin therapy and, to a lesser extent, antihypertensive therapy. When COVID-19 diagnosis was based on restrictive symptom criteria (ie, presence of 4 out of 7 symptoms) or a positive RT-PCR test, a statistically significant association was found solely for statins (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.1-0.78).
Conclusions: Individuals taking statin medication are more likely to have asymptomatic COVID-19, in which case they may be at an increased risk of transmitting the disease unknowingly. We suggest that the results of this study be incorporated into symptoms-based surveillance and decision-making protocols in regard to COVID-19 management. Whether statin therapy has a beneficial effect in combating COVID-19 cannot be deduced based on our findings and should be investigated by further study.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
KW  - statins
KW  - antihypertensives
KW  - surveillance
KW  - hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors;online survey
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2196/22521
SN  - 2369-2960
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
PB  - JMIR Publications
CY  - Toronto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Kalinowski, Eva
A1  - Hoferichter, Clara Josepha
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - K−12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K−12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K−12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K−12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K−12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K−12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
KW  - burnout
KW  - stress
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - pandemic
KW  - K−12 teachers
KW  - remote teaching
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326
SN  - 1664-1078
SP  - 1
EP  - 29
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Students’ acceptance of technology-mediated teaching – How it was influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
BT  - A study from Germany
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring–summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students’ acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study’s results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - digital learning
KW  - discipline differences
KW  - e-learning
KW  - TAM
KW  - technology acceptance
KW  - technology-mediated teaching
KW  - university teaching
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636086
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -