TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warner, Greta J.
A1  - Lensing, Johanna Nele
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - Personal initiative
BT  - Developmental predictors and positive outcomes from childhood to early adolescence
JF  - Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
N2  - Although the effects of personal initiative (PI) on adults' performance and other favorable outcomes are well documented, research has only recently begun to study PI in childhood. This study aimed at examining the development of PI, its predictors, and its developmental effects from childhood to early adolescence. A total of 1,593 German children participated in a longitudinal study starting at Grades 2 to 4, with a second measurement wave two years later. Latent change score analyses revealed that 1) children differed significantly in their change scores of PI, that 2) executive functions and positive parenting predicted change scores in PI, and that 3) high initial levels and change scores in PI reduced the development of internalizing and externalizing problems and supported the development of prosocial behavior and academic competencies. These findings endorse the plasticity of PI and shed light on the active part of children in promoting their own development.
KW  - Personal initiative
KW  - Executive functions
KW  - Positive parenting
KW  - Positive development
KW  - Adjustment
KW  - Self-regulation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.06.004
SN  - 0193-3973
SN  - 1873-7900
VL  - 52
SP  - 114
EP  - 125
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  -