TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Barbara
A1  - Meyer, Sören
A1  - Ebert, Franziska
A1  - Francesconi, Kevin A.
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - Toxicity of two classes of arsenolipids and their water-soluble metabolites in human differentiated neurons
JF  - Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX
N2  - Arsenolipids are lipid-soluble organoarsenic compounds, mainly occurring in marine organisms, with arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) representing two major subgroups. Recently, toxicity studies of several arsenolipids showed a high cytotoxic potential of those arsenolipids in human liver and bladder cells. Furthermore, feeding studies with Drosophila melanogaster indicated an accumulation of arsenolipids in the fruit fly’s brain. In this study, the neurotoxic potential of three AsHCs, two AsFAs and three metabolites (dimethylarsinic acid, thio/oxo-dimethylarsenopropanoic acid) was investigated in comparison to the toxic reference arsenite (iAsIII) in fully differentiated human brain cells (LUHMES cells). Thereby, in the case of AsHCs both the cell number and cell viability were reduced in a low micromolar concentration range comparable to iAsIII, while AsFAs and the applied metabolites were less toxic. Mechanistic studies revealed that AsHCs reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas neither iAsIII nor AsFAs had an impact. Furthermore, neurotoxic mechanisms were investigated by examining the neuronal network. Here, AsHCs massively disturbed the neuronal network and induced apoptotic effects, while iAsIII and AsFAs showed comparatively lesser effects. Taking into account the substantial in vitro neurotoxic potential of the AsHCs and the fact that they could transfer across the physiological barriers of the brain, a neurotoxic potential in vivo for the AsHCs cannot be excluded and needs to be urgently characterized.
KW  - Arsenolipids
KW  - Neurons
KW  - Cytotoxicity
KW  - Neurotoxicity
KW  - Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons
KW  - Arsenic-containing fatty acids
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-1933-x
SN  - 0340-5761
SN  - 1432-0738
VL  - 91
SP  - 3121
EP  - 3134
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marco, Makungu
A1  - Deyou, Tsegaye
A1  - Gruhonjic, Amra
A1  - Holleran, John
A1  - Duffy, Sandra
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Firtzpatrick, Paul A.
A1  - Landberg, Goran
A1  - Koch, Andreas
A1  - Derese, Solomon
A1  - Pelletier, Jerry
A1  - Avery, Vicky M.
A1  - Erdelyi, Mate
A1  - Yenesew, Abiy
T1  - Pterocarpans and isoflavones from the root bark of Millettia micans and of Millettia dura
JF  - Phytochemistry letters
KW  - Millettia micans
KW  - Millettia dura
KW  - Pterocarpan
KW  - Isoflavone
KW  - Cytotoxicity
KW  - Plasmodium falciparum
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.07.012
SN  - 1874-3900
SN  - 1876-7486
VL  - 21
SP  - 216
EP  - 220
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -